CN104686154A - Method for modifying slope fields and planting selenium-rich vegetable and fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving and planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on slope land, which refers to a method for planting weed in hillside woodland, including transformation of hillside woodland, planting of thorny fir, weed and fig, pruning of thorny fir and fig, and welt Cultivation of vegetable seedlings, fertilization, irrigation, and cultivation of weed, sowing of ryegrass, and application of selenium-rich organic fertilizers to figs. The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of Osmanthus, and Osmanthus can be picked every year after the third year. The yield per plant of figs is much higher than that of traditional large single planting, and the content of organic selenium in figs high.

Description

A method for improving and planting selenium-enriched vegetables and fruits on sloping land

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for improving and planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on slope land.

Background technique

Weicai, scientific name Ziji, is a perennial fern that exists widely in the Dabie Mountains. Oatmeal is rich in protein, vitamins, potassium, calcium, scale and other trace elements. Oatmeal can not only be made into delicious dishes, but also has the functions of anti-cancer, heat-clearing, detoxification, weight loss, and beauty. Viruses such as Japanese encephalitis have obvious inhibitory effect, and it is a long-term export and best-selling vegetable overseas, especially exported to Japan.

At present, most of the weeds are collected in the wild. Although there are places where artificial planting is experimented, the yield is low. The collected weeds have thin stems and poor quality. After one or two years of picking, the weeds will die or no longer sprout.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving and planting selenium-enriched vegetables and fruits on sloping land, which can effectively solve the above problems. The yield of weed is high, and the weed is strong and of good quality, and can be picked for a long time without reducing yield.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for improving and planting selenium-enriched vegetables and fruits on slope land refers to a method for interplanting weed, spiny fir, and fig in improved hillside woodland, and specifically includes the following steps:

S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a stepped manner, and the various planting sites after site preparation are set up along the contour line of the hillside. Ditch, the ditch is opened along the length of the planting field, and partitions are arranged at intervals along the length of the ditch. The partitions divide the ditch into various water tanks, and the first and second water outlets are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank. A third water outlet is provided on the groove wall outside the water tank, and the height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet among the first and second water outlets. The water outlets are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals. The top ditch of the hillside forest land is connected to the water supply device. The upper and outer sides of the dam ridge are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes, and water spray holes/nozzles are arranged at intervals on the pipe body of the water spray pipes. , the water outlet direction of the spray hole/nozzle points obliquely to the side wall of the ridge, and the water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located inside the ditch and the second planting land located outside the ditch. The first planting land adopts The improved soil is filled and prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2～0.8:1:0.4, and the upland soil is paddy field drained and dried for 3 to 6 months For the paddy field soil taken later, no crops were sown during the drying period and the soil was turned over 2 to 3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was mixed with fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, and weeds and woodland soil at a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3. Prepared;

S2: In the spring of that year, 4 to 5-year-old thorn fir saplings were planted at intervals on the second planting ground. When the thorn fir seedlings emerge, dig a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the outside of the thorn fir saplings in late April, apply 5-8kg of decomposed fertilizer in the planting hole, plant the fig cutting seedlings with soil in the planting hole, and water enough Set root water, fig plant spacing is 1.5-2.0m, cut figs along the height of cutting seedlings at 20-22cm, use three main branches to shape the figs in a natural happy-shaped/Y-shaped pruning method, and use 150-155 parts by weight of green manure for decomposing , 30 to 35 parts by weight of poultry manure, 5 to 8 parts by weight of lime and 10 to 15 parts by weight of dry field soil are decomposed and obtained, and 20 days after the cuttings, water is poured once with dilute fertilizer water, which contains 5% ammonium sulfate. In the autumn of the same year, the artificially propagated/wild weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting site close to the bottom of the ridge, and watered in the ditch, the water level in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the surface height of the first planting site , stop irrigation after frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site;

S3: Irrigation starts after the second year of hiccups. Weet sprouts start to sprout from April to May. After sprouting, we turn on water spray holes/nozzles every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. The first year of budding is not right. Picking, pruning the thorn fir tree, retaining a main branch, and removing the top of the remaining thorn fir seedlings to make the height between 1.4～1.6m; pruning the main branch of the fig, keeping the main branch length 50～55cm, Keep 3 to 4 new shoots on each main branch, and apply compound fertilizer once for a long time when the new shoots grow vigorously. , 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea are mixed and configured, and the fruit is thinned after the result; in the first ten days of August of the second year, ryegrass is sowed on the first and second planting grounds, and 2kg of seeds are added to every 1kg of ryegrass seeds before sowing. Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g ammonium molybdate soaked for 4-4.5 hours, Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution was prepared by diluting the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution 10 times, the OD ₆₀₀ in the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution was 0.8-1.0, After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertilizer soil, and then sowed. The amount of sowing per mu of ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, it is harvested for the first time as an agricultural and livestock grass. In the first harvest, 5-8cm stubble is left to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm, the second harvest is carried out and the harvested grass and leaves are spread over the first and second planting sites. On the surface of the ground, 1-3cm stubble was left during the second harvest, and irrigation was stopped after frost;

S4: From the third year onwards, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the sting of insects, and apply a budding fertilizer to the weed in March and April, and open the water spray hole/nozzle for 3-5 minutes every night after budding Spray/fog spray, pick Osmanthus 3-4 times from April to May, trim the short branches of the thorny fir tree so that the height does not exceed 1.5m; trim the side branches of the figs so that the length is 30-35cm, Keep 1 to 2 new shoots on each side branch, and trim them so that the length of the new shoots does not exceed 20cm. After the fourth year, cut off the branches with less new shoots on the side branches every year, and select 1 to 2 strong new shoots. , the vigorous period of new shoot growth, the period of fruit expansion, and the period of leaf fall, respectively apply compound fertilizer once. The amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 70-75kg per mu. Spray organic selenium fertilizer at the end; sow ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds in early August every year, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours before sowing ryegrass seeds, and subtilis The Bacillus GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution 10 times. The OD ₆₀₀ in the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertilizer soil for spreading. , the sowing amount of ryegrass seeds per mu is 0.8kg, when the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, it is harvested for the first time as an agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40 cm, the second harvest is carried out, and the harvested grass and leaves are covered on the surface of the first and second planting sites. During the second harvest, 1-3 cm of stubble is left, and the irrigation is stopped after frost. Bud-helping fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire fertilizer soil and human urine/urea;

Livestock manure is the feces collected from raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28° C. for 70 days, mixing the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collecting the excrement of livestock and poultry.

The most important thing in the planting of weed is the control of water and fertilizer. Weir likes water and shade, but it is also afraid of waterlogging, and it is extremely harsh on the growing soil. In the present invention, through the transformation of the above-mentioned hillside forest land, the irrigation system composed of water ditches can make the water flow evenly irrigate the entire hillside forest land, and at the same time, the water level in the water ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the surface of the first planting ground, so as to ensure the pleasing quality of weed. Water irrigation and no waterlogging will occur. Planting weed near the bottom of the ridge is far better than planting on flat ground. The influence of dam ridge makes the new stems and leaves grow away from the ridge, making its The phytohormone in the plant stimulates the roots to germinate more spores, increasing the yield. At the same time, the setting of the dam can make the water flow above the first planting site not flow from the surface of the first planting site, but penetrate into the ditch from the lower part, preventing In addition, the dam ridge built of stones can play a fixed role in the early stage of forest land transformation, preventing landslides during the rainy season from destroying the hillside forest land; water spray holes/nozzles are sprayed for a short time at night to simulate rainwater Every day, part of the rainwater is sprayed sparsely on the welt sprouts, which promotes the growth of the welt sprouts and makes the welt sprouts stronger; at the same time, the above-mentioned improved soil is more in line with the best requirements for the growth of welt in terms of acidity and fertilizer In addition, the ryegrass can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first and second planting sites. The ryegrass harvested for the first time can be used as pasture grass for animal husbandry for overwintering, while the black ryegrass harvested for the second time Wheatgrass and leaves cover the first and second planting sites, so that the welt can survive the winter better and ensure that the welt will germinate in the next year. The application of ryegrass and rotting leaves as green manure and germination aid fertilizer can well supplement the first planting site The high fertility and the regulation of acidity make welts able to be picked every year. The cost of propagation of the thorn fir tree is low, the survival rate is high, and the growth is fast. After the main branch is cut off, a large number of new seedlings will grow in the tree pocket, which can quickly form a shade fence around the welt, ensuring that the welt Vegetable growth environment needs, while shortening the cycle of the entire forest land transformation. Of course, the above is only a brief description of the main role played by each factor alone. Through the coordination of various factors, the Otto can be picked in high yield every year, and the Otto picked is strong and of good quality.

In addition, organic selenium can be effectively absorbed by figs, making the selenium in figs The content is more than three times that of ordinary figs, and it becomes a health-care fruit. Flush fertilization of fruit trees should be used before organic selenium fertilizer. Fruit tree flush fertilization can effectively promote the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer by fruit trees. In addition, it can also increase color and sweetness, strong disease resistance, prevent fruit cracking, early ripening, round fruit, and storage resistance. Effect.

The detailed plan is:

The height of the ridge is 60-80cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35cm. A sand layer is arranged on the lower side of the improved soil filling layer, and the bottom of the ridge extends into the sand layer. After the second year, tea trees were planted on the second planting site. The tea trees were located inside the thorn fir trees and interlaced with the thorn fir trees. The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2, and the budding aid fertilizer is prepared by preparing 50kg of fire fertilizer soil and 10L of human urine. After the second year, the trunk of the thorn fir tree has become larger and the dwarf branches at the tree pockets are also luxuriant, forming a fence outside the ditch. At this time, larger tea saplings are planted inside it. Tea trees like shade. It can grow well. If tea trees are planted, the surface height of the second planting site can be set higher than the surface height of the first planting site, and multiple crops can be interplanted to improve the overall economic benefits. Moreover, thorny fir trees and weeds are crops that do not suffer from pests. Interplanting can eliminate the phenomenon that large areas of tea are prone to pests and diseases, and improve the economic benefits of the entire agriculture.

Figs can be interplanted with thorny fir and weed to increase the yield of a single fig. Figs are resistant to fertilizers and will not cause diseases and insect pests. During planting, figs can be branched to avoid too high a fig tree.

The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of the Osmunda, and the Osmanthus can be picked every year after the third year.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of opening a ditch on the slope;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the following words are only used to describe one or several specific implementation modes of the present invention, and do not strictly limit the protection scope of the specific claims of the present invention.

The following examples 1-2 are in the cool wind farm jointly developed by Anqing Wancaoqianmu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu Hengnuo Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Yuexi County Hongsheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. group), the spores refer to the tender white spores on the vetch, and the spores grow into the vetch and are picked. The dilute feces are prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times the water, and the urea water is 100-200g urea and urea. 1L of water is prepared, and the specific application amount of the fertilizer not clearly stated in the following examples 1 and 2 can be used by those skilled in the art according to the effect of the fertilizer and the period of use to ensure the reliable planting of the crops. In addition, during the whole planting process , Weeding, soil loosening, insecticide and other operations need to be carried out every year. Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the percentages of components are mass concentrations.

The fruit tree fertilization applied in the early stage of fruit expansion is the Yungeng brand fruit tree fertilization produced by Zhengzhou Yungeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 800-1200 times and apply drip irrigation, and apply 1.2 kg per acre of dripper; The organic selenium fertilizer sprayed at the end of the period is Sezhiyuan brand fruit-specific organic selenium fertilizer produced by Anhui Selenium Wuyou Modern Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Each time, each interval is 7 days; the amount of spraying depends on the shape and age of the tree. The larger the shape and age of the tree, the larger the amount of spraying, generally 1L to 1.3L per mu. Of course, the fruit tree fertilization and organic selenium fertilizer produced by other companies can also be used, and the same effect has been achieved. Livestock manure is the feces collected from raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28° C. for 70 days, mixing the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collecting the excrement of livestock and poultry.

Example 1

Set up a fire prevention line in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped form. The contour line of the hillside is opened, and the outside of the slope between the adjacent planting grounds 11 adopts stones to pile up the dam ridge 12, and the middle part of each planting ground 11 is provided with a water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 offers along the length direction of the planting ground 11 and Intervals 131 are arranged at intervals along its lengthwise direction in the water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 is separated into each water tank by the spacer 131. The first and second water outlets 132 are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank on the spacers 131, and the groove wall on the outside of the water tank Open the third water outlet 133 on the top, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet) height, the height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet), the partitions 131 on the adjacent water ditch 13 are arranged in a staggered interval, and the third water outlet 133 on the adjacent water ditch 13 is in the form of Intervals are arranged in a staggered manner, the top ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes 14, and the pipe body of the water spray pipe 14 is provided with water spray holes at intervals. The water outlet direction of the water hole is obliquely directed to the side wall of the ridge 12, and the water ditch 13 divides the planting field 11 into a first planting field 111 located inside the water ditch 13 and a second planting field 112 located on the outside of the water ditch 13. The planting land 111 is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2. The paddy field soil is taken, and the crops are not sown during the drying period and the soil is turned over 2 to 3 times. The fire fertilizer soil is prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, and weeds with forest land soil in a weight ratio of 1:2; The height of the ridge 12 is 60-80cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35cm. The lower side of the improved soil filling layer is provided with a sand layer 15, and the bottom of the ridge 12 extends into the sand layer 15. The first planting The width of the ground 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting ground 112 is 2-2.2 m;

In the spring of that year, on the second planting site 112, 4 to 5-year-old thorn fir 11b saplings were planted at intervals with a plant spacing of 1.5m. The tree pocket place of 11b grows spiny fir 11b seedlings in clusters, digs the deep planting hole of 50～55cm in the outside of the spiny fir sapling, applies the decomposed fertilizer of 5～8kg in the planting hole, and the decomposed fertilizer is 150 parts by weight of green manure, 35 It is obtained by decomposing poultry manure in parts by weight, lime in 5 parts by weight and dry field soil in 15 parts by weight. Plant the cutting seedlings of figs with soil (purchased at the nursery station) in the planting hole, pour enough water to fix the roots, the distance between the plants of figs is 1.5-2.0m, cut off the figs at a height of 20-22cm along the cutting seedlings, and use three main branches to naturally The happy-shaped/Y-shaped pruning method is used to reshape the figs, and 20 days after the cuttings, water the dilute fertilizer water once, and the dilute fertilizer water contains 5% ammonium sulfate. In the autumn of the same year, the weed seedlings 11a of artificial propagation are planted at intervals at the first planting site 111, next to the bottom of the ridge 12, the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 centimeters, and the size is 20 * 20cm, planted at a distance of 15cm, transplanted When planting, the weed vegetable seedling 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not injure the root system, pour fixed root water after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, the water surface height in the ditch 13 is lower than the surface height of the first planting place 111 by 12-17cm , stop irrigation after the frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site 111, which can be covered with fallen leaves and pine needles from miscellaneous trees;

Irrigation started after the second year of stung, and weeds began to bud from April to May. After the buds, the water spray holes were opened every night for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying. Seedlings, bud buds do not pick Osmanthus in the first year, prune the thorn fir 11b tree, keep a main branch, and remove the top of the remaining thorn fir seedlings so that the height is between 1.4 ~ 1.6m; the main branch of fig Carry out pruning, keep the main branch length 50～55cm, keep 3～4 new shoots on each main branch, apply compound fertilizer once for a long time when the new shoot grows vigorously, the application amount of compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, compound fertilizer It is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, and thins the fruit after the result; in the first ten days of August of the second year, sow ryegrass, black ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds Add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours per 1kg of wheatgrass seeds before sowing. The OD ₆₀₀ in the mother liquor is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertilizer soil for spreading. The sowing amount of ryegrass seeds per mu is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm Harvest for the first time as pasture grass for agriculture and livestock. During the first harvest, leave stubble of 5 to 8 cm to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35 to 40 cm, the second harvest will be performed and the harvested pasture and The leaves are covered on the surface of the first and second planting sites, and 1-3 cm of stubble is left during the second harvest, and irrigation is stopped after frost.

From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the hibernation, and apply germination-assisting fertilizer to the weed in March and April. Afterwards, open the spray hole every night and carry out spraying for 3 to 5 minutes. Pick 3 to 4 times in April to May. The roots will not be damaged when picking. After each picking, dilute the manure water once. The dwarf branch is trimmed so that its height is no more than 1.5m, and the side branches of the fig are trimmed so that its length is 30 to 35 cm. 1 to 2 new shoots are reserved on each side branch, and the pruning makes the length of the new tips no more than 20 cm. After four years, cut off the branches with fewer new shoots on the side branches every year, and select 1 to 2 strong new shoots (on each branch), and apply compounding once respectively during the vigorous period of new shoot growth, fruit expansion period, and before leaf fall. The amount of compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer applied each time is 70-75kg per mu. Fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied at the beginning of the fig fruit expansion period, and organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed at the end of the fruit expansion period; Sow ryegrass on the planting ground. Before planting ryegrass seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours. The Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution 10 times The OD ₆₀₀ in the mother liquor of Bacillus subtilis GB03 is 0.8～1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertilizer soil for spreading. The sowing amount per mu of ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg. When the plant height reaches 40-45cm, the first harvest is carried out as agricultural and livestock pasture grass. When the first harvest, 5-8cm stubble is left to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm, the second harvest is carried out. Harvest and spread the harvested pasture and leaves on the surface of the first and second planting sites, leave 1-3cm of stubble during the second harvest, stop irrigation after frost, and prepare budding fertilizer with 50kg of fire fertilizer soil and 10L of human urine get.

Example 2

Set up a fire prevention line in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped form. The contour line of the hillside is opened, and the outside of the slope between the adjacent planting grounds 11 adopts stones to pile up the dam ridge 12, and the middle part of each planting ground 11 is provided with a water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 offers along the length direction of the planting ground 11 and Intervals 131 are arranged at intervals along its lengthwise direction in the water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 is separated into each water tank by the spacer 131. The first and second water outlets 132 are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank on the spacers 131, and the groove wall on the outside of the water tank Open the third water outlet 133 on the top, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet) height, the height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet), the partitions 131 on the adjacent water ditch 13 are respectively arranged in a staggered manner, and the third water outlet 133 on the adjacent water ditch 13 Arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the top ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes 14, and sprinklers are arranged at intervals on the pipe body of the water spray pipes 14. The water outlet direction obliquely points to the side wall of the ridge 12, and the water ditch 13 divides the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 located on the inside of the water ditch 13 and a second planting land 112 located on the outside of the water ditch 13. The first planting land 111 It is filled with improved soil. The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 0.8:1:0.4. The upland soil is the paddy field taken after the paddy field was drained and dried for 3 to 6 months. Soil, no crops were sown during the drying period and the soil was turned 2 to 3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, and weeds with woodland soil (native hillside woodland) at a weight ratio of 1:3 Obtain; the height of the ridge 12 is 60～80cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30～35cm, the lower side of the improved soil filling layer is provided with a sand layer, and the bottom of the ridge 12 extends into the sand layer, the first The width of the planting land 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting land 112 is 2-2.2 m;

In the spring of that year, on the second planting site 112, 4 to 5-year-old thorn fir 11b saplings were planted at intervals with a plant spacing of 1.5m. The tree pocket place of 11b grows spiny fir 11b seedlings in clusters, digs the deep planting hole of 50～55cm in the outside of the spiny fir sapling, applies the decomposed fertilizer of 5～8kg in the planting hole, and the decomposed fertilizer is 155 parts by weight of green manure, 30 It is obtained by decomposing poultry manure in parts by weight, lime in 8 parts by weight and dry field soil in 10 parts by weight. Plant the cutting seedlings of figs with soil (purchased at the nursery station) in the planting hole, pour enough water to fix the roots, the distance between the plants of figs is 1.5-2.0m, cut off the figs at a height of 20-22cm along the cutting seedlings, and use three main branches to naturally The happy-shaped/Y-shaped pruning method is used to reshape the figs, and 20 days after the cuttings, water the dilute fertilizer water once, and the dilute fertilizer water contains 5% ammonium sulfate. In the autumn of the same year, the weed seedlings 11a of artificial propagation are planted at intervals at the first planting site 111, next to the bottom of the ridge 12, the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 centimeters, and the size is 20 * 20cm, planted at a distance of 15cm, transplanted When planting, the weed vegetable seedling 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not injure the root system, pour fixed root water after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, the water surface height in the ditch 13 is lower than the surface height of the first planting place 111 by 12-17cm , stop irrigation after the frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site 111, which can be covered with fallen leaves and pine needles from miscellaneous trees;

Irrigation started after the second year of stung, and weeds began to bud from April to May. After the buds, the water spray holes were opened every night for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying. Seedlings, bud buds do not pick Osmanthus in the first year, prune the thorn fir 11b tree, keep a main branch, and remove the top of the remaining thorn fir seedlings so that the height is between 1.4 ~ 1.6m; the main branch of fig Carry out pruning, keep the main branch length 50～55cm, keep 3～4 new shoots on each main branch, apply compound fertilizer once for a long time when the new shoot grows vigorously, the application amount of compound fertilizer is 90kg per mu, compound fertilizer It is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea, and thins the fruit after the result; in the first ten days of August of the second year, sow ryegrass, black ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds Add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours per 1kg of wheatgrass seeds before sowing. The OD ₆₀₀ in the mother liquor is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertilizer soil for spreading. The sowing amount of ryegrass seeds per mu is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm Harvest for the first time as pasture grass for agriculture and livestock. During the first harvest, leave stubble of 5 to 8 cm to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35 to 40 cm, the second harvest will be performed and the harvested pasture and The leaves are covered on the surface of the first and second planting sites, and 1-3 cm of stubble is left during the second harvest, and irrigation is stopped after frost.

From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the hibernation, and apply germination-assisting fertilizer to the weed in March and April. Afterwards, open the spray hole every night and carry out spraying for 3 to 5 minutes. Pick 3 to 4 times in April to May. The roots will not be damaged when picking. After each picking, dilute the manure water once. The dwarf branch is trimmed so that its height is no more than 1.5m, and the side branches of the fig are trimmed so that its length is 30 to 35 cm. 1 to 2 new shoots are reserved on each side branch, and the pruning makes the length of the new tips no more than 20 cm. After four years, cut off the branches with fewer new shoots on the side branches every year, and select 1 to 2 new shoots that are growing vigorously. Apply compound fertilizer once during the vigorous period of new shoot growth, fruit expansion period, and before leaf fall. The amount of fertilizer applied each time is 70-75kg per mu. Fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied at the beginning of the fig fruit expansion period, and organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed at the end of the fruit expansion period; in the first ten days of August of the third year, sow ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds , before sowing ryegrass seeds, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours per 1kg of seeds. The OD ₆₀₀ in the mother liquor of Bacillus GB03 is 0.8～1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertilizer soil for spreading. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm, the second harvest is carried out and the harvested Grass and leaves are spread on the surface of the first and second planting sites. During the second harvest, 1-3 cm of stubble is left, and irrigation is stopped after frost. The budding fertilizer is prepared by preparing 50 kg of fire fertilizer soil and 10 L of human urine.

In above-mentioned embodiment 1,2, the planting amount of per mu of welt is 2000～2500 strains, and every mu produces 350 kilograms of fresh weed, and the length of picking fresh welt is 15～20cm, and the root diameter of fresh weed root is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, the degree of fibrosis of fresh vetch is low.

Traditionally planted on flat land, the planting amount of weeds per mu is 4500-6000 plants, and the annual output of fresh weeds is 300 kg per mu. The length of fresh weeds picked is 15-20 cm, and the root diameter of fresh weeds is 0.3-0.6 cm. The fibrosis degree on the surface of fresh Osmanthus is high, and the black forage grass harvested for the first time can be used for livestock overwintering, forming a circular agriculture.

After the third year, each fig can bear 2.5-3.0kg of figs, which is higher than the 2.0-2.5kg of a single plant of figs planted alone in a large area. The selenium content of figs is more than three times that of ordinary figs. In addition, the economic benefits of agricultural planting can be increased by 4 to 5 times through interplanting.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, after knowing the content recorded in the present invention, they can also make changes to it without departing from the principle of the present invention. Several equivalent transformations and substitutions should also be deemed to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving and planting selenium-enriched vegetables and fruits on slope land refers to a method for improving hillside woodland interplanting weed, spiny fir, and fig, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a stepped manner, and the various planting sites after site preparation are set up along the contour line of the hillside. Ditch, the ditch is opened along the length of the planting field, and partitions are arranged at intervals along the length of the ditch. The partitions divide the ditch into various water tanks, and the first and second water outlets are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank. A third water outlet is provided on the tank wall outside the water tank. The height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet among the first and second water outlets. The third water outlet on the adjacent water tank is in the shape of Arranged in a staggered interval, the top ditch of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and horizontally arranged water spray pipes are arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the dam ridge, and water spray holes/nozzles are arranged at intervals on the body of the water spray pipe. / The water outlet direction of the nozzle points obliquely to the side wall of the ridge. The water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located inside the ditch and the second planting land located outside the ditch. The first planting land is filled with improved soil The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2～0.8:1:0.4, and the upland soil is obtained after the paddy field is drained and dried for 3 to 6 months Paddy field soil, no crops are sown during the drying period and the soil is turned over 2 to 3 times, and the fire fertilizer soil is prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, weeds and forest land soil at a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3; S2: In the spring of that year, 4 to 5-year-old thorn fir saplings were planted at intervals on the second planting ground. When the thorn fir seedlings emerge, dig a 50-55cm deep planting hole on the outside of the thorn fir saplings in late April, apply 5-8kg of decomposed fertilizer in the planting hole, plant the fig cutting seedlings with soil in the planting hole, and water enough Set root water, fig plant spacing is 1.5-2.0m, cut figs along the height of cutting seedlings at 20-22cm, use three main branches to shape the figs in a natural happy-shaped/Y-shaped pruning method, and use 150-155 parts by weight of green manure for decomposing , 30 to 35 parts by weight of poultry manure, 5 to 8 parts by weight of lime and 10 to 15 parts by weight of dry field soil are decomposed and obtained, and 20 days after the cuttings, water is poured once with dilute fertilizer water, which contains 5% ammonium sulfate. In the autumn of the same year, the artificially propagated/wild weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting site close to the bottom of the ridge, and watered in the ditch, the water level in the ditch is 12-17 cm lower than the surface height of the first planting site , stop irrigation after frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site; S3: Irrigation starts after the second year of hiccups. Weet sprouts start to sprout from April to May. After sprouting, we turn on water spray holes/nozzles every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. The first year of budding is not right. Picking, pruning the thorn fir tree, retaining a main branch, and removing the top of the remaining thorn fir seedlings to make the height between 1.4～1.6m; pruning the main branch of the fig, keeping the main branch length 50～55cm, Keep 3 to 4 new shoots on each main branch, and apply compound fertilizer once for a long time when the new shoots grow vigorously. , 30 parts by weight of poultry manure and 5 parts by weight of urea are mixed and configured, and the fruit is thinned after the result; in the first ten days of August of the second year, ryegrass is sowed on the first and second planting grounds, and 2kg of seeds are added to every 1kg of ryegrass seeds before sowing. Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g ammonium molybdate soaked for 4-4.5 hours, Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution was prepared by diluting the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution 10 times, the OD ₆₀₀ in the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution was 0.8-1.0, After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of fire fertilizer soil, and then sowed. The amount of sowing per mu of ryegrass seeds is 0.8kg. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, it is harvested for the first time as an agricultural and livestock grass. In the first harvest, 5-8cm stubble is left to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40cm, the second harvest is carried out and the harvested grass and leaves are spread over the first and second planting sites. On the surface of the ground, 1-3cm stubble was left during the second harvest, and irrigation was stopped after frost; S4: From the third year onwards, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the sting of insects, and apply a budding fertilizer to the weed in March and April, and open the water spray hole/nozzle for 3-5 minutes every night after budding Spray/fog spray, pick Osmanthus 3-4 times from April to May, trim the short branches of the thorny fir tree so that the height does not exceed 1.5m; trim the side branches of the figs so that the length is 30-35cm, Keep 1 to 2 new shoots on each side branch, and trim them so that the length of the new shoots does not exceed 20cm. After the fourth year, cut off the branches with less new shoots on the side branches every year, and select 1 to 2 strong new shoots. , the vigorous period of new shoot growth, the period of fruit expansion, and the period of leaf fall, respectively apply compound fertilizer once. The amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 70-75kg per mu. Spray organic selenium fertilizer at the end; sow ryegrass on the first and second planting grounds in early August every year, add 2kg of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial solution and 1.5g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 4-4.5 hours before sowing ryegrass seeds, and subtilis The Bacillus GB03 bacterial solution is prepared by diluting the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution 10 times. The OD ₆₀₀ in the Bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution is 0.8-1.0. After soaking, the ryegrass seeds are mixed with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10kg fire fertilizer soil for spreading. , the sowing amount of ryegrass seeds per mu is 0.8kg, when the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 40-45cm, it is harvested for the first time as an agricultural and livestock grass, and the stubble of 5-8cm is left at the first harvest to promote tillering and regeneration of ryegrass. When the ryegrass grows to a plant height of 35-40 cm, the second harvest is carried out, and the harvested grass and leaves are covered on the surface of the first and second planting sites. During the second harvest, 1-3 cm of stubble is left, and the irrigation is stopped after frost. Bud-helping fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire fertilizer soil and human urine/urea; Livestock manure is the feces collected from raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28° C. for 70 days, mixing the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collecting the excrement of livestock and poultry. 2. The method for improving and planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on slope land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the ridge is 60-80 cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm, and the lower side of the filling layer of the improved soil is A sandy soil layer is provided, and the bottom of the ridge extends into the sandy soil layer. 3. The method for improving and planting selenium-enriched vegetables and fruits on slope land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the improved soil is obtained by mixing upland soil, peat soil and fertile soil according to the weight ratio of 0.5:1:0.2. 4. The method for improving and planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits on sloping land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the budding fertilizer is prepared from 50 kg of fertile soil and 10 L of human urine.