CN104756730A - Selenium enrichment camellia oleifera tree interplanting method - Google Patents
Selenium enrichment camellia oleifera tree interplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756730A CN104756730A CN201510185133.5A CN201510185133A CN104756730A CN 104756730 A CN104756730 A CN 104756730A CN 201510185133 A CN201510185133 A CN 201510185133A CN 104756730 A CN104756730 A CN 104756730A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a selenium enrichment camellia oleifera tree interplanting method which refers to the method for jointly planting vetch and camellia oleifera trees in a mountain slope forest land. The method specifically comprises the steps that the mountain slope forest land is transformed through improved soil rich in organic selenium, land preparing, planting, pruning and fertilizer applying are carried out, survival sustaining is carried out in the first year of the camellia oleifera trees, and lower-concentration fertilizer pouring and complete flower thinning need to be carried out; sound seedlings are sustained in the second year, and accelerating nitrogen fertilizer needs to the applied before shoots bud; yield maintaining is carried out in the third year and the years afterwards, and the application amount of organizer fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to the increased. By means of the interplanting the camellia oleifera trees, the high yield of a single camellia oleifera tree can be achieved, and the economic benefits of agriculture and forestry planting can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production, be specifically related to a kind of method of rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, the purple dustpan of formal name used at school, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has exist widely in mountain area, Dabie Mountain.Containing the various trace elements such as rich in protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama in common vetch dish, common vetch dish not only can be made into delicious dish, have more the effects such as anticancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, fat-reducing, beauty treatment, to the virus such as influenza, encephalitis B, there is obvious inhibitory action simultaneously, be long-term outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is particularly exported to Japan.
At present, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, although also there is local experiment artificial planting, it yields poorly, and the common vetch dish stem of collection is thin, poor quality, and to pluck after one, two year common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of method of rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting, it can effectively solve the problem, the output of common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, quality better, can pluck for a long time, can not the underproduction, with interplanting tea oil tree, the high yield of individual plant tea oil tree can be realized, improving the economic benefit of agriculture forestry planting.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A method for rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting, refers to the method at forest land, hillside joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree, specifically comprises following operating procedure:
S1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam, ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site, ditch along the length direction of planting site offer and in ditch along its length interval compartment is set, ditch is separated into each tank by compartment, the two ends compartment of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river is consistent, the 3rd flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch is that interleaved shape is arranged, the ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, the sidewall of the oblique sensing in the water outlet direction Ba Geng of hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, planting site is divided into the first planting site be positioned at inside ditch and the second planting site be positioned at outside ditch by ditch, first planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil, rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity,
S2: First Year plants at second kind the planting hole that excavation 50 ~ 55cm is dark on the ground 3 ~ April, by oil generation tea tree sapling plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build the rare rich water of one-level, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained; Tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; In autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling of artificial propagation/wild planted at first kind and locate interval bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam on the ground and plant, and pour water in ditch, and water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site;
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and March foot couple the second carry out turning over whole with planting and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; From Second Year, annual Chinese milk vetch and front the planting at first kind of leaf bedding spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer is that every mu of first planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg, and rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity;
S4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent;
Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The plantation of common vetch dish, topmost is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is cloudy, but also water funk flood, and very harsh to soil for growth.The present invention is by the transformation in forest land, above-mentioned hillside, the irrigation system that ditch is formed, forest land, the irrigation of uniform fluid flow whole hillside can be made, water lev el control simultaneously in ditch lower than first planting site earth's surface 12 ~ 17cm, ensure that the happiness water of common vetch dish is irrigated and there will not be waterlogging, common vetch dish is planted bottom the ridge, dam, to to get well more than level land planting effect, common vetch dish is by the impact of Ba Geng, the new cauline leaf sent out is grown to away from Ba Geng side, the plant hormone in it is made to stimulate root to sprout more gemma, improve output, the setting of Ba Geng simultaneously, first kind can be made to plant ground side's current does not penetrate in ditch from the trickling of the earth's surface of the first planting site from its underpart, prevent the waterlogging of common vetch dish, in addition, stone piles the Ba Geng built, fixation can be played at the initial stage of forest land transformation, preventing came down during rainy season causes forest land, hillside to be ruined, hole for water spraying/shower nozzle sprayed in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater sky, made the sparse spray of part rainwater on common vetch dish bud, promoted the growth of common vetch dish bud, made common vetch dish bud more sturdy, the improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously, support in acidity and fertilizer the best demand more grown with common vetch dish to match, make common vetch dish more sturdy, Chinese milk vetch can be vegetated in the soil property of the first planting site in addition, Chinese milk vetch, the leaf of harvesting cover, and common vetch dish can be survived the winter better, ensure that common vetch dish to germinate spore the coming year, rotting and helping the applying of bud fertilizer can be good at the fertility of supplementary first planting site and regulate acidity of Chinese milk vetch, leaf, makes common vetch dish can both pluck every year.
And adopt above-mentioned improvement soil and rich selenium clay fertilizer to carry out common vetch colza to plant, Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish, it effectively can improve the Se content in common vetch dish, and in the dry common vetch dish of results, Se content about improves 3 ~ 4 times, and compost maturity is exactly the means of green manure compost maturity conventional in agricultural production.
In addition, adopt the tea oil tree of such scheme plantation, survival rate 100%, tea oil tree is all greenery throughout the year, forms the fence sheltered from heat or light in the periphery of common vetch dish, ensures that common vetch dish is to the demand of growing environment, shortens the cycle of whole forest land transformation simultaneously.In addition, the joint implant of tea oil tree and common vetch dish, can improve the economic benefit of agricultural planting.Oil tea sapling directly can be bought from nursery factory and obtain, can grow into forest fast, meanwhile, base manure can ensure the fertilising that the demand of oil tea sapling to nutrient changes year by year, and the growth demand also according to oil tea sapling Different periods sets, tea oil tree First Year protects to survive, need low concentration fertilizer to water fertile and whole flower thinning, Second Year protects strong sprout, needs to apply fast nitrogenous fertilizer before needing young sprout to sprout, 3rd year and be protect output, need the applied amount increasing fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer later.In addition, the shaping of tea oil tree, ensures tea oil tree large result and reasonably shelters from heat or light to common vetch dish.
Certainly, independent the played Main Function of the above-mentioned just each factor of simple elaboration, by the mutual coordinative role of each factor, make common vetch dish all can carry out the harvesting of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish plucked is sturdy, quality better.
Detailed scheme is:
The height of Ba Geng is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge, dam, and the ground level of the second planting site is higher than the ground level 20 ~ 25cm of the first planting site.Can plant at second kind after Second Year and on the ground plant tea tree, tea tree is positioned at the inner side of tea oil tree and interval-staggered with tea oil tree.Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.Downgrading tea oil tree branch also in great numbers, just as forming a hedge hurdle in the outside in ditch, now planting larger tea seedling within it, tea tree happiness is cloudy, can be good at growth, and many crop interplantings, improve whole economic benefit.
In addition, be rich in the applying that the feces of livestock and poultry of Organic Selenium and weeds, lime, cake fertilizer mixed compaction pile the fertile and fruit expanding period organic selenium fertilizer of the ripe rich selenium obtained, Organic Selenium effectively can be absorbed by tea oil tree, makes Se content in the tea oil squeezed be more than 2 times in common tea oil.Fruit tree rushes fertilising and should comparatively use before organic selenium fertilizer, and fruit tree punching fertilising effectively can promote that tea oil tree is to the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer, also can play premunition effect that is strong, ripe early, once grease in addition.
Technique scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and the 3rd year can both pluck common vetch dish afterwards every year, and the tea oil tree of simultaneously planting also can realize high yield, improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation in ditch is offered on Fig. 1 is domatic;
Fig. 2 is domatic sectional schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word only in order to describe one or more concrete embodiments of the present invention, considered critical is not carried out to the protection domain that the present invention specifically asks.
Following embodiment 1 ~ 2 is carried out in my company (Anqing ten thousand grass thousand wooden agricultural science and technology Co., Ltds) with the cool breeze farm (Yuexi County lotus flower village cool breeze group) of Wuhu Heng Nuo Enertech Co., Ltd., Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd joint development, gemma refers to and the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants sends tender white gemma, gemma is plucked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparing obtain, and urea water is that 100 ~ 200g urea and the preparation of 1L water obtain.The concrete amount of application of fertilizer do not clearly not stated in following embodiment 1,2, those skilled in the art can use in right amount according to the effect of fertilizer and use age, ensure reliably planting of crops, in addition, in whole planting process, all need to carry out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the operation such as desinsection.In the present invention if no special instructions, the percentage of component is mass concentration.
Improvement soil used in embodiment 1,2 is obtained in embodiment 3 ~ 6, and rich selenium clay fertilizer is obtained in embodiment 7 ~ 9, and the improvement in forest land, hillside is concrete as shown in Figure 1, 2.
The fruit tree punching fertilising that fruit expanding period applies is that the cloud that Zhengzhou Yun Geng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd produces ploughs board fruit tree punching fertilising, and its using method executes drip irrigation for dilution 800-1200 doubly rushes, and every mu of dropper punching executes 1.7 kilograms; The organic selenium fertilizer of fructescence sprinkling is the source board fruit tailored version organic selenium fertilizer of the selenium that selenium carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. in Anhui produces, and its using method is dilution 500 times of liquid, and evenly spray in crop leaf, interval sprays twice, every minor tick 7 days; The amount of spraying determine according to the tree-like and age of tree, tree-like, the age of tree greatly, the corresponding increase of the amount of spraying, generally every mu of 1.2L ~ 1.8L.The fruit tree punching fertilising that certainly other companies also can be adopted to produce and organic selenium fertilizer use, and obtain same effect.Poultry muck is the ight soil of raising livestock and poultry collection; According to the mass ratio of 6:3:1, Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out be mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the ight soil of livestock and poultry is collected.
Embodiment 1
Hold fire line successfully in forest land, selected hillside and carry out refining mountain, fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground, by tree root behind burning ground, the grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out, staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam, ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 along the length direction of planting site 11 offer and in ditch 13 along its length interval compartment 131 is set, ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131, the two ends compartment 131 of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river 132, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river 132 is consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river), compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying, the sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of hole for water spraying, planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 be positioned at inside ditch 13 and the second planting site 112 be positioned at outside ditch 13 by ditch 13, first planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, the height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils 15, extend in sandy soils 15 bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30 ~ 40cm, the width of the second planting site 112 is 1 ~ 1.2m, and the ground level of the second planting site is higher than the ground level 20 ~ 25cm of the first planting site,
First Year plants at second kind the planting hole that excavation 50 ~ 55cm is dark on the ground 3 ~ April, by oil generation tea tree sapling (station, nursery is bought and obtained) plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build the rare rich water of one-level, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning, in autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close on the first planting site 111 and locates interval bottom the ridge, dam 12 and plant, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, and water surface elevation in ditch 13 is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site 111, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site 111, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding,
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, and undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and March foot couple the second carry out turning over whole with planting and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer (the luxuriant plump industry Co., Ltd in Shijiazhuang produces), tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Tie rod uses soft rope to leave behind along the reverse direction of shoot growth, and the bamboo let that the other end ground of soft rope plugs is fixed, and the angle between adjustment major branch and trunk is 50 ~ 55 °, and after branch is shaping, taken off by soft rope, Post flowering removes all flowers; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; From Second Year, annual Chinese milk vetch and front the planting at first kind of leaf bedding spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer is that every mu of first planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, does not injure root during harvesting, executes loose stool water once after each harvesting; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
Embodiment 2
Hold fire line successfully in forest land, selected hillside and carry out refining mountain, fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground, by tree root behind burning ground, the grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out, staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam, ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 along the length direction of planting site 11 offer and in ditch 13 along its length interval compartment 131 is set, ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131, the two ends compartment 131 of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river 132, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river 132 is consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river), compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, the sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of shower nozzle, planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 be positioned at inside ditch 13 and the second planting site 112 be positioned at outside ditch 13 by ditch 13, first planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, the height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30 ~ 40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 1 ~ 1.2m,
First Year plants at second kind the planting hole that excavation 50 ~ 55cm is dark on the ground 3 ~ April, by oil generation tea tree sapling (station, nursery is bought and obtained) plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build the rare rich water of one-level, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning, in autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close on the first planting site 111 and locates interval bottom the ridge, dam 12 and plant, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, and water surface elevation in ditch 13 is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site 111, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site 111, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding,
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, and undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and March foot couple the second carry out turning over whole with planting and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 300g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Tie rod uses soft rope to leave behind along the reverse direction of shoot growth, and the bamboo let that the other end ground of soft rope plugs is fixed, and the angle between adjustment major branch and trunk is 50 ~ 55 °, and after branch is shaping, taken off by soft rope, Post flowering removes all flowers; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; From Second Year, annual Chinese milk vetch and front the planting at first kind of leaf bedding spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer is that every mu of first planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, does not injure root during harvesting, executes loose stool water once after each harvesting; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; Help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of every mu of common vetch dish is 2000 ~ 2500 strains, produce 330 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, the fibrosis of fresh common vetch dish is low, and the Se content in common vetch dish is high, and in obtained dry common vetch dish, Se content is about 3 ~ 4 times of common common vetch dish.
The plantation of tradition level land, the plantation amount of mu common vetch dish is 4500 ~ 6000 strains, and produce 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3 ~ 0.6cm, and the fibrosis on fresh common vetch dish surface is high.
In addition, in embodiment 1,2, third and fourth, 5 years every strain tea oil trees can pluck 20 ~ 50 jin of tea seeds, after 5 years, every strain tea oil tree can gather in the crops 50 ~ 80 jin of tea seeds, and in the tea oil of tea seed squeezing, Se content is more than 2 times of Se content in common tea oil.
Embodiment 3
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after paddy field draining dry field June, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 with forest land soil (native country, forest land, hillside); Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 4
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after paddy field draining dry field March, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 3 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:3 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 5
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after paddy field draining dry field April, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 3 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 6
Dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam are obtained improveing soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.4:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after paddy field draining dry field April, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 times, fiery loam is stalk, fire ash that tree branches and leaves, weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5 with forest land soil; Rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity, poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The improvement soil produced in above-described embodiment 3 ~ 6, the production of all very suitable common vetch dish of its acid-base value and fertility, therefore, the common vetch dish shoot survival percent of transplanting is high, fertilizer efficiency improves the output of common vetch dish lastingly, and wherein Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish, improves the organic selenium content in finished product common vetch dish.
Embodiment 7
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 8
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 9
Rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity; Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
After common vetch dish grows every year and gathers, larger to the loss of soil, therefore need to carry out fertility to soil every year to supplement and acid-base value adjustment, the rich selenium clay fertilizer produced in above-described embodiment 7 ~ 9, its acid-base value is comparatively higher than the normal growth conditions of common vetch dish, and use before bedding herbage and leaf, it can effectively regulate the acid-base value of soil, supplement fertility and Organic Selenium simultaneously, ensure the high yield output that rich selenium common vetch dish is annual.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; to know in the present invention after contents; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some equal conversion to it and substitute, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a method for rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting, refers to the method at forest land, hillside joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree, specifically comprises following operating procedure:
S1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam, ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site, ditch along the length direction of planting site offer and in ditch along its length interval compartment is set, ditch is separated into each tank by compartment, the two ends compartment of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river is consistent, the 3rd flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch is that interleaved shape is arranged, the ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, the sidewall of the oblique sensing in the water outlet direction Ba Geng of hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, planting site is divided into the first planting site be positioned at inside ditch and the second planting site be positioned at outside ditch by ditch, first planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, rich selenium batch mixing and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 ~ 1.2:1:0.8:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil, rich selenium batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5 ~ 10g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity,
S2: First Year plants at second kind the planting hole that excavation 50 ~ 55cm is dark on the ground 3 ~ April, by oil generation tea tree sapling plantation in 2 ~ 3 years in planting hole, one deck soil one deck base manure backfills planting hole, 20d after tea oil plantation, build the rare rich water of one-level, containing 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the rare rich water of one-level, base manure is the green manure of 10 weight portions, the cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 weight portions, the poultry muck of 15 weight portions and 8 weight portions is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained; Tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during August offers cannelure, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in cannelure, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; In autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling of artificial propagation/wild planted at first kind and locate interval bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam on the ground and plant, and pour water in ditch, and water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site;
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish; Pinching is carried out along the tea oil height of tree 100 ~ 110cm place, natural open centre shape training type is adopted to carry out shaping to tea oil tree, trunk retains 5 ~ 7 major branches, and March foot couple the second carry out turning over whole with planting and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root place, tree stump periphery at tea oil tree during October offers cannelure, in cannelure, apply 500g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 2kg biological organic fertilizer, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning; Second Year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch autumn on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent; From Second Year, annual Chinese milk vetch and front the planting at first kind of leaf bedding spread fertilizer over the fields rich selenium clay fertilizer on the ground, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of rich selenium clay fertilizer is that every mu of first planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120 ~ 150kg, and rich selenium clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3 ~ 5g sodium selenite obtain through compost maturity;
S4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, and 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish; Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch, the angle between major branch and trunk is made to be 40 ~ 45 °, pruning the side shoot on major branch and pruning makes the tip height of major branch be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting, every strain applies 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, and during October, every strain applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizer and 5kg biological organic fertilizer; Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer; Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on first and second planting site, plants to be cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for first kind and to receive with leaf together with bedding on the earth's surface of the first planting site, plants it to be turned on the spot after Chinese milk vetch maturation on the ground for second kind and buries, stop irrigation after the Frost's Descent;
Poultry muck adopts following method to obtain: Chinese sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water 28 DEG C of bottom fermentation process 70 days, the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
2. the method for rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the height of Ba Geng is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, extend to bottom the ridge, dam in sandy soils, the ground level of the second planting site is higher than the ground level 20 ~ 25cm of the first planting site.
3. the method for rich selenium tea oil tree interplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid and obtain.
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