CN104756689B - A kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables - Google Patents
A kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high yield joint implant methods of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables, refer to the method in hillside forest land joint implant common vetch dish and loquat, specifically include following operating procedure：Include using the transformation for being rich in the improvement soil of Organic Selenium to hillside forest land, the plant of loquat, common vetch dish, loquat is pruned and using selenium-rich fertilizer, the training seedling of common vetch dish and fertilising, irrigation, the cultivation of common vetch dish.Above-mentioned technical proposal can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and can be picked every year to common vetch dish after third year, while the loquat yield interplanted is high, and the Se content in loquat is high, improves agricultural performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural productions, and in particular to a kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, scientific name purple dustpan, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has extensive presence in Dabie Mountain mountain area.Containing rich in common vetch dish
Various trace elements, the common vetch dishes such as rich protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama not only can be made into delicious dish, with more anti-
Cancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, weight-reducing, beauty and other effects, while the viruses such as influenza, encephalitis B are significantly inhibited, it is long
Phase outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is especially exported to Japan.
Currently, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, and although also there is place experiment artificial growth, its low output, acquisition
Common vetch dish stem is thin, poor quality, and common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud after picking one, two year.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high yield joint implant methods of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables, can effectively solve
The yield of the above problem, common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, and quality is good, can pick for a long time, will not the underproduction.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical schemes：
A kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables, refers in hillside forest land joint implant common vetch dish and loquat
Method, specifically include following operating procedure：
S1：By hillside forest land site preparation at staged, each planting site after site preparation is opened up along the contour on hillside respectively, adjacent
It is built a dam the ridge using stone heap on the outside of slope surface between planting site, each planting site middle part offers ditch, length of the ditch along planting site
Degree direction opens up and ditch is separated into each sink by interval setting compartment, compartment along its length in ditch, and the two of each sink
The first and second flowing water mouth is respectively set on the compartment of end, opens up third flowing water mouth on the cell wall on the outside of sink, third stream on same sink
The height of the height at the mouth of a river flowing water mouth smaller with height in the first and second flowing water mouth is consistent, the third stream on adjacent ditch
The mouth of a river arranges that the top ditch in hillside forest land is connected with water supply installation, and the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided in interleaved shape
The sparge pipe of horizontal shape arrangement is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe, and the water outlet direction of hole for water spraying/nozzle is oblique
To the side wall for being directed toward Ba Geng, planting site is divided into the first planting site on the inside of ditch and the on the outside of ditch by ditch
Two planting sites, the first planting site using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fire
Loam is according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and dry land soil is that rice terrace drains dry field
The paddy soils taken after 3~June do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2~3 times, and fiery loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds
The fire ash of firing is with forest land soil according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing be 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime,
4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；
S2：Autumn end in the first year excavates the kind plant hole of 0.6m depths in the second planting site, and 1.5kg weeds are launched in kind of plant hole,
Then 0.2kg lime, 2.0kg poultry mucks, the compacting of 1.0kg cake fertilizer, covering mulch is used to carry out decomposed, the decomposed liftoff film of recession,
Fertilizer in planting hole stir spreading, transplants the loquat sapling of dwarfing at the beginning of winter Mo in the first year or spring current year in kind of plant hole,
Irrigated with water, current year loquat pumping young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of level-one pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced between fertilizer twice
20d, contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, and spring, summer, autumn, winter take out slightly secondary respectively, and Post flowering is dredged
Flower；Artificial propagation/wild common vetch dish seedling is planted at first kind and planted on the ground close to interval at the bottoms Ba Geng in the autumn in the same year
It plants, and pours water in ditch, and the water surface elevation in ditch is less than 12~17cm of ground level of the first planting site, stops after the Frost's Descent
It only irrigates and in one layer of leaf of the earth's surface bedding of the first planting site；
S3：Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and daily night opening is sprayed water after bract bud
Spray/the mist that spreads that hole/nozzle carries out 3~5min sprays, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；Loquat spring young sprout turns green aging
Fertilizer being poured with the dilute rich water interval of two level twice afterwards, pouring be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice, 5% urea and 1% chlorine are contained in the dilute rich water of two level
Change potassium, to loquat carry out trimming and tie rod make loquat tree crown between globular model, major branch and mobile jib angle be 50~
55 °, Post flowering carries out flower thinning, and the next autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, and the applied amount of poultry muck is 500~
800kg/ mus, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus, and second year autumn plants at first kind broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground, purple
Receipts and leaf are cut after cloud Yingcheng is ripe, and bedding stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface of the first planting site together；It is opened from second year
Begin, planted at first kind before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding and spread fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is per acre the
One planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3
~5g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；
S4：Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help
Bud is fertile, and the spray/mist that spreads of night opening hole for water spraying/3~5min of nozzle progress sprays daily after bract bud, and 4~May picks 3 to common vetch dish
~4 times, late spring loquat new life slightly turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of three-level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice, three
Contain 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of grade, trimming and tie rod is carried out to loquat so that newborn major branch and mobile jib
Between angle be 50~55 °, Post flowering carries out flower thinning, plucks after fruit and autumn applies a poultry muck and compound respectively
Each applied amount of fertilizer, poultry muck is 500~800kg/ mus, and each applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Loquat
Fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising early period, and loquat expanding stage latter stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn is in the first planting site
On broadcast sowing Chinese milk vetch, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops in the earth's surface of the first planting site after the Frost's Descent together
It irrigates, it is that fiery loam and people's retention of urine liquid/urea mixed preparing obtain to help bud fertilizer；
Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized and mixed by 1 mass ratio matches
Fermentation substrate is made, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio,
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The plantation of common vetch dish, most important is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is cloudy, but also flood afraid of water, and to life
Long soil is extremely harsh.The irrigation system that the present invention is made up of the transformation in above-mentioned hillside forest land, ditch, enables to flow equal
The entire hillside forest land of even irrigation, at the same the water level control in ditch be less than first planting site 12~17cm of earth's surface, ensure common vetch
The happiness water of dish irrigates and is not in waterlogging, and common vetch dish is planted close to the bottoms Ba Geng, to be got well more than level land planting effect, common vetch
Dish is influenced by Ba Geng so that new cauline leaf is grown to far from the sides Ba Geng so that is sprouted the plant hormone stimulation root in it
More gemma are sent out, yield, while the setting of Ba Geng are improved, the first can be made to plant flow above ground and not planted from first kind
The earth's surface on ground is trickled and is penetrated into ditch from its underpart, and common vetch dish waterlogging is prevented, in addition, the Ba Geng that stone heap is built, it can be in forest land
The initial stage of transformation plays fixed function, and landslide causes hillside forest land to be ruined when preventing rainy season；Hole for water spraying/nozzle sprays in short-term at night
Leaching, Simulated rainwater day so that rainwater sparse spray in part promotes the growth of common vetch dish bud so that common vetch dish bud is more on common vetch dish bud
It is sturdy；The improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously is supported in acidity and fertilizer and is more matched with the best demand of common vetch dish growth so that common vetch
Dish is more sturdy, and in addition Chinese milk vetch can vegetate in the soil property of the first planting site, and the Chinese milk vetch of harvesting, leaf are covered
Lid so that common vetch dish can be preferably overwintering, ensure the common vetch dish coming year germinate spore, Chinese milk vetch, leaf rot and help bud fertilizer apply
Add the fertility that can be good at supplementing the first planting site and adjust acidity so that common vetch dish can be picked every year.
And common vetch colza plant is carried out using above-mentioned improvement soil and selenium-rich clay fertilizer, Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish,
The Se content in common vetch dish can be effectively improved, Se content about improves 3~4 times in the dry common vetch dish of harvest, and compost maturity is exactly that agricultural is raw
The means of common green manure compost maturity in production.
In addition, the loquat planted using the above scheme, survival rate 100%, loquat is all greenery throughout the year, in common vetch dish
Periphery form the fence of shading, ensure demand of the common vetch dish to growing environment, while shortening the period of entire forest land transformation.Separately
Outside, the joint implant of loquat and common vetch dish can improve the economic benefit of vegetable cultivation.The loquat sapling of dwarfing can be straight from nursery factory
It connects and is commercially available, can quickly grow into forest, meanwhile, fertilizer decomposed in advance can ensure demand of the loquat sapling to nutrient and anti-
The only decomposed fertilising that sapling root system is burnt to death, is changed year by year of organic fertilizer, and the growth demand according to loquat sapling different periods
And set, loquat First Year is to protect to survive, and low concentration fertilizer is needed to pour fertilizer and whole flower thinnings, and second year is to protect strong sprout, is needed
Middle concentration fertilizer pours fertilizer and removes 90% flower, third year and be to protect yield later, needs higher concentration fertilizer to pour and fertilizer and removes 20
~30% flower.In addition, the loquat downgraded, reduce loquat flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, harvesting labor intensity, meanwhile, protect
Demonstrate,prove the reasonable shading of common vetch dish.
Certainly, above-mentioned only simply to illustrate the main function that each factor is individually played, pass through the mutually coordinated of each factor
Effect so that common vetch dish can all carry out the picking of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish picked is sturdy, and quality is good.
Detailed scheme is：
The height of Ba Geng is 60~80cm, and it is 30~35cm that improvement soil, which fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil is filled out under flood
Side is provided with sandy soils, and the bottoms Ba Geng extend in sandy soils, and the ground level of the second planting site is higher than the ground of the first planting site
20~25cm of table height.Plantation tea tree, tea tree on the ground can be planted after second year at second kind and is located at the inside of loquat and and loquat
It sets interval-staggered.It is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain to help bud fertilizer.It is also in great numbers to downgrade loquat branch,
Like the outside one hedge column of formation in ditch, larger tea seedling is planted on the inside of it at this time, tea tree happiness is cloudy, can be good at giving birth to
Long, more crop interplantings improve entire economic benefit.
In addition, feces of livestock and poultry and weeds, lime rich in Organic Selenium, the ripe obtained selenium-rich fertilizer of cake fertilizer mixed compaction heap and
The application of fruit expanding period organic selenium fertilizer, Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by loquat so that the Se content in loquat is common Pi
More than the three times of rake, become health fruit.Fruit tree punching fertilising should be compared with using before organic selenium fertilizer, and fruit tree punching fertilising can effectively facilitate fruit
Set absorption to organic selenium fertilizer, in addition may also function as it is hyperchromic it is sweetened, premunition is strong, anti-fruit-cracking, it is ripe it is early, fruit is mellow and full, resistance to deposits
Storage and other effects.
Above-mentioned technical proposal can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and after third year every year can to common vetch dish into
Row picking, while the loquat planted can also realize high yield, improve the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.
Description of the drawings
The structural schematic diagram in ditch is opened up in Fig. 1 slope surfaces；
Fig. 2 is the sectional schematic diagram of slope surface.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention be more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out specifically with reference to embodiments
It is bright.It should be appreciated that following word is only used to one or more of specific embodiments of the description present invention, not to the present invention
The protection domain specifically asked carries out considered critical.
Following Examples 1 to 2 are in my company (ten thousand grass of Anqing, thousand wooden agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd) and Wuhu perseverance promise energy
Technology Co., Ltd., Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technologys Co., Ltd joint development cool breeze farm (Yuexi County lotus flower village cool breeze group)
Middle progress, gemma refer to that tender white gemma is sent out on the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants, and gemma is picked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine
Liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparings obtain, and urea water is that 100~200g urea and 1L water are prepared to obtain.It is unknown in following embodiments 1,2
The specific amount of application of fertilizer really illustrated, those skilled in the art can in right amount be made according to the effect of fertilizer and use age
With ensureing the reliable plant of crops, in addition, in entire planting process, be required for carrying out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the behaviour such as desinsection
Make.In the present invention unless otherwise instructed, the percentage of component is mass concentration.
The fruit tree punching fertilising of loquat expanding stage application early period is the cloud of Zhengzhou Yun Geng agricultural science and technologys Co., Ltd production
Board fruit tree punching fertilising is ploughed, application method is that trickle irrigation is applied in 800-1200 times of punching of dilution, and dropper punching per acre applies 1.5 kilograms；Loquat-Shaped Cake
The organic selenium fertilizer of real expanding stage latter stage sprinkling is the source board fruit of the selenium of the carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. production of Anhui selenium
Tailored version organic selenium fertilizer, application method are 500 times of liquid of dilution, are uniformly sprayed on crop leaf, and interval sprays twice, between each
Every 7 days；The amount of spraying is tree-like, the age of tree is big depending on the tree-like and age of tree, and the amount of spraying accordingly increases, generally per acre 1L~1.5L.When
The fruit tree punching fertilising and organic selenium fertilizer that the production of other companies so can also be used are used, and same effect has been obtained.Poultry muck
The excrement collected for raising livestock and poultry；According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio,
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio, by the product of fermentation and
Feed carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, is collected to the excrement of livestock and poultry.
It is to be made in embodiment 3~6 that soil is improved used in embodiment 1,2, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is to be made in embodiment 7~9
, the improvement in hillside forest land is specifically as shown in Figure 1, 2.
Embodiment 1
Fire line is held successfully in selected hillside forest land and carries out refining mountain, selects fine day handle ground is burned to grill thoroughly, by tree root, the careless root and stem of certain plants behind burning ground
It roots out, by hillside forest land site preparation at staged, each planting site 11 after site preparation is opened up along the contour on hillside respectively, adjacent plantation
It is built a dam the ridge 12 using stone heap on the outside of slope surface between ground 11, offers ditch 13 in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 is along plantation
The length direction on ground 11 opens up and ditch 13 is separated by interval setting compartment 131, compartment 131 along its length in ditch 13
Each sink is respectively set the first and second flowing water mouth 132 on the both ends compartment 131 of each sink, third is opened up on the cell wall on the outside of sink
Flowing water mouth 133, the height of the third flowing water mouth 133 flowing water mouth smaller with height in the first and second flowing water mouth 132 on same sink
Height is consistent that (height at such as first-class mouth of a river is less than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of third flowing water mouth 133 and the
The height at the first-class mouth of a river is consistent), the compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the on adjacent ditch 13
Three flowing water mouths 133 arrange that the top ditch 13 in hillside forest land is connected with water supply installation, the top on the dam ridge 12 in interleaved shape
Outside is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape arrangement, and hole for water spraying, the water side of hole for water spraying are arranged at intervals on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14
To the oblique side wall for being directed toward the dam ridge 12, planting site 11 is divided into 111 He of the first planting site positioned at 13 inside of ditch by ditch 13
The second planting site 112 positioned at 13 outside of ditch, the first planting site 111 fill out whole form using improvement soil；The height on the dam ridge 12
For 60~80cm, it is 30~35cm that improvement soil, which fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil, which is filled out on the downside of flood, is provided with sandy soils 15, dam
12 bottom of the ridge extends in sandy soils 15, and the width of the first planting site 111 is 30~40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 1
~1.2m, the ground level of the second planting site are higher than 20~25cm of ground level of the first planting site；
Autumn end in the first year plants the kind plant hole that 0.6m depths are excavated in 112 ground at second kind, and 1.5kg weeds are launched in kind of plant hole,
Then 0.2kg lime, 2.0kg poultry mucks, the compacting of 1.0kg cake fertilizer, covering mulch is used to carry out decomposed, the decomposed liftoff film of recession,
Fertilizer in planting hole stir spreading, transplants the loquat sapling of dwarfing at the beginning of winter Mo in the first year or spring current year in kind of plant hole,
Irrigated with water, current year loquat pumping young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of level-one pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced between fertilizer twice
20d, contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, and spring, summer, autumn, winter take out slightly secondary respectively, and Post flowering is all plucked
It removes；The common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is carried out close to interval at 12 bottom of the dam ridge on the first planting site 111 in the autumn in the same year
Plant, the width for planting plant hole are 20~25 centimetres, and size is 20 × 20cm, by spacing in the rows 15cm plants, when transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a
Transplantation with soil is answered, root system is not hindered, root water is poured after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, and the water surface elevation in ditch 13 is less than the
12~17cm of ground level of one planting site 111 stopped irrigating and in one layer of tree of the earth's surface bedding of the first planting site 111 after the Frost's Descent
Leaf, the leaf and pine needle that optional miscellaneous tree descends slowly and lightly carry out bedding；
Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying into
3~5min's of row spreads spray, before gemma and carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and carries seedling, bract bud First Year is not to common vetch dish
It is picked；Loquat spring young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of two level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice,
Contain 5% urea and 1% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of two level, trimming is carried out to loquat and tie rod so that loquat tree crown is in round end
Angle between shape, major branch and mobile jib is 50~55 °, and tie rod is pulled down along the reverse direction of shoot growth using soft rope, soft rope
The other end fixed with the bamboo stick plugged on ground, it is 50~55 ° to adjust the angle between major branch and trunk, after branch molding,
Soft rope is taken off；Post flowering removes 90% flower, and the next autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, poultry muck
Applied amount is 500~800kg/ mus, and the applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Second year autumn is in the first planting site 111
On broadcast sowing Chinese milk vetch, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops in the earth's surface of the first planting site 111 after the Frost's Descent together
Only irrigate；It is planted at first kind since second year, before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding and spreads fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer, selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields be per acre the first planting site spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg.
Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help bud
Fertilizer carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma and carries seedling, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying carry out 3~
5min's spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, and it is primary to apply loose stool water after picking every time；
Late spring loquat new life slightly turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of three-level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d, the dilute fertilizer of three-level between fertilizer twice
Contain 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride in water, trimming and tie rod is carried out to loquat so that between newborn major branch and mobile jib
Angle is 50~55 °, and Post flowering carries out flower thinning, plucks after fruit and autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, poultry respectively
Each applied amount of muck is 500~800kg/ mus, and each applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Loquat is swollen
Apply fruit tree punching fertilising big early period phase, loquat expanding stage latter stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn broadcasts sowing in the first planting site 111
Chinese milk vetch, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops filling after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface of the first planting site 111 together
It irrigates, it is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain to help bud fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
Fire line is held successfully in selected hillside forest land and carries out refining mountain, selects fine day handle ground is burned to grill thoroughly, by tree root, the careless root and stem of certain plants behind burning ground
It roots out, by hillside forest land site preparation at staged, each planting site 11 after site preparation is opened up along the contour on hillside respectively, adjacent plantation
It is built a dam the ridge 12 using stone heap on the outside of slope surface between ground 11, offers ditch 13 in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 is along plantation
The length direction on ground 11 opens up and ditch 13 is separated by interval setting compartment 131, compartment 131 along its length in ditch 13
Each sink is respectively set the first and second flowing water mouth 132 on the both ends compartment 131 of each sink, third is opened up on the cell wall on the outside of sink
Flowing water mouth 133, the height of the third flowing water mouth 133 flowing water mouth smaller with height in the first and second flowing water mouth 132 on same sink
Height is consistent that (height at such as first-class mouth of a river is less than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of third flowing water mouth 133 and the
The height at the first-class mouth of a river is consistent), the compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the on adjacent ditch 13
Three flowing water mouths 133 arrange that the top ditch 13 in hillside forest land is connected with water supply installation, the top on the dam ridge 12 in interleaved shape
Outside is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape arrangement, is arranged at intervals with nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14, the water outlet direction of nozzle is oblique
To the side wall for being directed toward the dam ridge 12, planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 on the inside of ditch 13 and is located at by ditch 13
Second planting site 112 in 13 outside of ditch, the first planting site 111 fill out whole form using improvement soil；The height on the dam ridge 12 is 60
~80cm, it is 30~35cm that improvement soil, which fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil, which is filled out, is provided with sandy soils on the downside of flood, 12 bottom of the dam ridge
Portion extends in sandy soils, and the width of the first planting site 111 is 30~40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 1~1.2m；
Autumn end in the first year plants the kind plant hole that 0.6m depths are excavated in 112 ground at second kind, and 1.5kg weeds are launched in kind of plant hole,
Then 0.2kg lime, 2.0kg poultry mucks, the compacting of 1.0kg cake fertilizer, covering mulch is used to carry out decomposed, the decomposed liftoff film of recession,
Fertilizer in planting hole stir spreading, transplants the loquat sapling of dwarfing at the beginning of winter Mo in the first year or spring current year in kind of plant hole,
Irrigated with water, current year loquat pumping young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of level-one pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced between fertilizer twice
20d, contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, and spring, summer, autumn, winter take out slightly secondary respectively, and Post flowering is all plucked
It removes；The common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is carried out close to interval at 12 bottom of the dam ridge on the first planting site 111 in the autumn in the same year
Plant, the width for planting plant hole are 20~25 centimetres, and size is 20 × 20cm, by spacing in the rows 15cm plants, when transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a
Transplantation with soil is answered, root system is not hindered, root water is poured after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, and the water surface elevation in ditch 13 is less than the
12~17cm of ground level of one planting site 111 stopped irrigating and in one layer of tree of the earth's surface bedding of the first planting site 111 after the Frost's Descent
Leaf, the leaf and pine needle that optional miscellaneous tree descends slowly and lightly carry out bedding；
Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying into
3~5min's of row spreads spray, before gemma and carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and carries seedling, bract bud First Year is not to common vetch dish
It is picked；Loquat spring young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of two level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice,
Contain 5% urea and 1% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of two level, trimming is carried out to loquat and tie rod so that loquat tree crown is in round end
Angle between shape, major branch and mobile jib is 50~55 °, and tie rod is pulled down along the reverse direction of shoot growth using soft rope, soft rope
The other end fixed with the bamboo stick plugged on ground, it is 50~55 ° to adjust the angle between major branch and trunk, after branch molding,
Soft rope is taken off；Post flowering removes 90% flower, and the next autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, poultry muck
Applied amount is 500~800kg/ mus, and the applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Second year autumn is in the first planting site 111
On broadcast sowing Chinese milk vetch, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops in the earth's surface of the first planting site 111 after the Frost's Descent together
Only irrigate；It is planted at first kind since second year, before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding and spreads fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer, selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields be per acre the first planting site spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg.
Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help bud
Fertilizer carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma and carries seedling, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying carry out 3~
5min's spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, and it is primary to apply loose stool water after picking every time；
Late spring loquat new life slightly turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of three-level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d, the dilute fertilizer of three-level between fertilizer twice
Contain 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride in water, trimming and tie rod is carried out to loquat so that between newborn major branch and mobile jib
Angle is 50~55 °, and Post flowering carries out flower thinning, plucks after fruit and autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, poultry respectively
Each applied amount of muck is 500~800kg/ mus, and each applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Loquat is swollen
Apply fruit tree punching fertilising big early period phase, loquat expanding stage latter stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn broadcasts sowing in the first planting site 111
Chinese milk vetch, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops filling after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface of the first planting site 111 together
It irrigates, it is fiery loam and urea according to 100 to help bud fertilizer:5 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and is dissolved to urea with water before preparing
Afterwards mixed preparing is carried out with fiery loam again.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of common vetch dish is 2000~2500 plants per acre, produces 330 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year per acre,
The length for picking fresh common vetch dish is 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8~1.2cm, the fibrosis journey of fresh common vetch dish
Spend low, Se content in common vetch dish is high, and Se content is about 3~4 times of common common vetch dish in dry common vetch dish obtained.
The plantation amount of traditional level land plantation, mu common vetch dish is 4500~6000 plants, produces 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes, picking per year per acre
The length of fresh common vetch dish is 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3~0.6cm, the fibrosis journey on fresh common vetch dish surface
Degree is high.
In addition, in embodiment 1,2,70 plants of loquat mu load, after third year, every plant of loquat can harvest 28~35 kilograms
Loquat, Se content is in ordinary least squares more than the three times of Se content in loquat.
Embodiment 3
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2 weight ratio mixed preparing is changed
Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 2 times by the paddy soils that is taken after rice terrace draining dry field June, fire
Loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil (hillside forest land native country) are according to 1：2 weight ratio mixed preparing
It obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5g sodium selenites through compost corruption
Ripe to obtain, poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed mixed preparing by 1 mass ratio
At fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio, will
The product and feed of fermentation carry out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 4
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1.2:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains
Soil is improved, dry land soil drains the paddy soils taken after dry field March for rice terrace, does not sow crop during dry field and dig 3 times,
Fiery loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil according to 1:3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich is mixed
Material is that 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity, poultry
Muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio,
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio, by the product of fermentation and
Feed carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 5
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing is changed
Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 3 times by the paddy soils that is taken after rice terrace draining dry field April, fire
Loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil according to 1:2.5 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich is mixed
Material is that 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity, poultry
Muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio,
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio, by the product of fermentation and
Feed carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 6
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1.2:1:0.4:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains
Soil is improved, dry land soil drains the paddy soils taken after dry field April for rice terrace, does not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 times,
Fiery loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil according to 1:2.5 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich
Batch mixing is that 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity, fowl
Animal manure fertilizer obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation bottom by 1 mass ratio
Object, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the production of fermentation by 5 mass ratio
Object and feed carry out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The improvement soil produced in above-described embodiment 3~6, acid-base value and fertility are all particularly suitable for the production of common vetch dish, because
This, the common vetch dish shoot survival percent of transplanting is high, and fertilizer efficiency persistently improves the yield of common vetch dish, and wherein Organic Selenium can effectively be inhaled by common vetch dish
It receives, improves the organic selenium content in finished product common vetch dish.
Embodiment 7
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 8
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 9
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
It is larger to the loss of soil after common vetch dish grows harvesting every year, thus it is annual need to soil carry out fertility supplement and
Acid-base value is adjusted, and the selenium-rich clay fertilizer produced in above-described embodiment 7~9, acid-base value is higher than the normal growth conditions of common vetch dish,
It uses, effectively the acid-base value of soil can be adjusted, while supplementing fertility and Organic Selenium before bedding herbage and leaf, ensured
The annual high yield output of selenium-rich common vetch dish.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, after knowing content described in the present invention, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also be made several
Same transformation and replacement, these convert and substitute on an equal basis and also should be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables refers in hillside forest land joint implant common vetch dish and loquat
Method specifically includes following operating procedure：
S1：By hillside forest land site preparation at staged, each planting site after site preparation is opened up along the contour on hillside respectively, adjacent plantation
It is built a dam the ridge using stone heap on the outside of slope surface between ground, each planting site middle part offers ditch, and ditch is along the length side of planting site
To opening up and ditch is separated into each sink by interval setting compartment, compartment along its length in ditch, the both ends of each sink every
The first and second flowing water mouth is respectively set in section, opens up third flowing water mouth on the cell wall on the outside of sink, third flowing water mouth on same sink
Height and the height of the smaller flowing water mouth of height is consistent in the first and second flowing water mouth, the third flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch
It is arranged in interleaved shape, the top ditch in hillside forest land is connected with water supply installation, and the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with horizontal shape
The sparge pipe of arrangement is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/nozzle, the oblique finger in water outlet direction of hole for water spraying/nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe
To the side wall of Ba Geng, planting site is divided into the first planting site on the inside of ditch and second on the outside of ditch by ditch
Plant ground, the first planting site using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fire loam
According to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and dry land soil is that rice terrace drains dry field 3~6
The paddy soils that are taken after month do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2~3 times, and fiery loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing
Fire ash with forest land soil according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing be 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime,
4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；
S2：Autumn end in the first year excavates the kind plant hole of 0.6m depths in the second planting site, 1.5kg weeds is launched in kind of plant hole, then
With 0.2kg lime, 2.0kg poultry mucks, the compacting of 1.0kg cake fertilizer, covering mulch carries out decomposed, the decomposed liftoff film of recession, to planting
Fertilizer in plant hole stir spreading, and transplants the loquat sapling of dwarfing at the beginning of winter Mo in the first year or spring current year in kind of plant hole, uses water
Irrigate, current year loquat pumping young sprout turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of level-one pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice,
Contain 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, spring, summer, autumn, winter take out slightly secondary, Post flowering progress flower thinning respectively；
Artificial propagation/wild common vetch dish seedling is planted at first kind and is transplanted on the ground close to interval at the bottoms Ba Geng in the autumn in the same year,
And pour water in ditch, and the water surface elevation in ditch is less than 12~17cm of ground level of the first planting site, stops after the Frost's Descent
It irrigates and in one layer of leaf of the earth's surface bedding of the first planting site；
S3：Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and night opens hole for water spraying/spray daily after bract bud
Spray/the mist that spreads that head carries out 3~5min sprays, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；Loquat spring young sprout turns green aging rear use
Fertilizer is poured twice in the dilute rich water interval of two level, pours be spaced 20d between fertilizer twice, and 5% urea and 1% chlorination are contained in the dilute rich water of two level
Potassium, to loquat carry out trimming and tie rod make loquat tree crown between globular model, major branch and mobile jib angle be 50~55 °,
Post flowering carries out flower thinning, and the next autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer, and the applied amount of poultry muck is 500~
800kg/ mus, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus, and second year autumn plants at first kind broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground, purple
Receipts and leaf are cut after cloud Yingcheng is ripe, and bedding stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface of the first planting site together；It is opened from second year
Begin, planted at first kind before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding and spread fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is per acre the
One planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3
~5g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；
S4：Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help bud
Fertilizer, after bract bud daily night open that hole for water spraying/nozzle carries out 3~5min spread spray/mist spray, 4~May is to common vetch dish picking 3~4
It is secondary, late spring loquat new life slightly turn it is green it is aging after with the dilute rich water interval of three-level pour fertilizer twice, pour be spaced 20d, three-level between fertilizer twice
Contain 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride in dilute rich water, trimming and tie rod carried out to loquat so that newborn major branch and mobile jib it
Between angle be 50~55 °, Post flowering carries out flower thinning, plucks after fruit and autumn applies a poultry muck and composite fertilizer respectively,
Each applied amount of poultry muck is 500~800kg/ mus, and each applied amount of composite fertilizer is 200~250kg/ mus；Loquat-Shaped Cake
Apply fruit tree punching fertilising real expanding stage early period, loquat expanding stage latter stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn plants on the ground at first kind
Chinese milk vetch is broadcasted sowing, receipts and leaf are cut after Chinese milk vetch maturation, and bedding stops filling after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface of the first planting site together
It irrigates, it is that fiery loam and people and animals' urine/urea mixed preparing obtain to help bud fertilizer；
Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared by 1 mass ratio
Fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, will sent out by 5 mass ratio
The product and feed of ferment carry out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
2. the high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat according to claim 1 and vegetables, it is characterised in that：The height of Ba Geng
Degree is 60~80cm, and it is 30~35cm that improvement soil, which fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil, which is filled out, is provided with sandy soils on the downside of flood, dam
Ridge bottom extends in sandy soils, and the ground level of the second planting site is higher than 20~25cm of ground level of the first planting site.
3. the high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat according to claim 1 and vegetables, it is characterised in that：The bud fertilizer is helped to be
50kg fire loam and 10L people and animals' urines are prepared to obtain.
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| 影响薇菜生长的主要环境因子分析;罗世家;《湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版)》;20011130;第19卷(第4期);第8-10页 * |
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