CN104756689B - A kind of high yield joint implant method of selenium-rich loquat and vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield joint planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables, which refers to a method for jointly planting weed and loquat in hillside woodland, specifically comprising the following steps: including the transformation of hillside woodland by using improved soil rich in organic selenium , the planting of loquat and weed, the pruning of loquat and the application of selenium-rich fertilizer, the cultivation of weir and the fertilization, irrigation and cultivation of weir. The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of the weed, and the weed can be picked every year after the third year. At the same time, the yield of the interplanted loquat is high, and the selenium content in the loquat is high, which improves agricultural economic benefits.

Description

A high-yield combined planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a high-yield combined planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables.

Background technique

Weicai, scientific name Ziji, is a perennial fern that exists widely in the Dabie Mountains. Oatmeal is rich in protein, vitamins, potassium, calcium, scale and other trace elements. Oatmeal can not only be made into delicious dishes, but also has the functions of anti-cancer, heat-clearing, detoxification, weight loss, and beauty. Viruses such as Japanese encephalitis have obvious inhibitory effect, and it is a long-term export and best-selling vegetable overseas, especially exported to Japan.

At present, most of the weeds are collected in the wild. Although there are places where artificial planting is experimented, the yield is low. The collected weeds have thin stems and poor quality. After one or two years of picking, the weeds will die or no longer sprout.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield joint planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables, which can effectively solve the above problems. The yield of the weed is high, and the weed is strong and of good quality, and can be picked for a long time without yield reduction.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A high-yield combined planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables refers to a method for jointly planting vetch and loquat in hillside woodland, specifically comprising the following steps:

S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a stepped manner, and the various planting sites after site preparation are set up along the contour line of the hillside. Ditch, the ditch is opened along the length of the planting field, and partitions are arranged at intervals along the length of the ditch. The partitions divide the ditch into various water tanks, and the first and second water outlets are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank. A third water outlet is provided on the tank wall outside the water tank. The height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet among the first and second water outlets. The third water outlet on the adjacent water tank is in the shape of Arranged in a staggered interval, the top ditch of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and horizontally arranged water spray pipes are arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the dam ridge, and water spray holes/nozzles are arranged at intervals on the body of the water spray pipe. / The water outlet direction of the nozzle points obliquely to the side wall of the ridge. The water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located inside the ditch and the second planting land located outside the ditch. The first planting land is filled with improved soil The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil, selenium-enriched mixture and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 1:1:0.4:0.2～1.2:1:0.8:0.4, and the upland soil is rice field drainage drying The paddy field soil was taken after 3-6 months, and the crops were not sown during the drying period, and the soil was turned 2-3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was straw, branches and leaves, and fire ash from burning weeds and woodland soil at a ratio of 1:2~ The weight ratio of 3 is mixed and prepared; the selenium-enriched mixture is obtained by composting and decomposing 4 kg of green manure, 0.8 kg of lime, 4.0 kg of livestock manure, 0.5 kg of cake fertilizer and 5-10 g of sodium selenite;

S2: At the end of the autumn of the first year, dig a 0.6m deep planting hole in the second planting site, put 1.5kg of weeds in the planting hole, then use 0.2kg of lime, 2.0kg of poultry manure, 1.0kg of cake fertilizer to compact, and cover with plastic film for decomposing , remove the plastic film after decomposing, turn over and spread the fertilizer in the planting hole, plant dwarf loquat saplings in the planting hole at the end of the winter of the first year or the beginning of the spring of the current year, water thoroughly, and use it after the new shoots of the loquat have turned green and mature. The first-level dilute fertilizer water is fertilized twice at intervals, and the interval between two times of fertilization is 20 days. The first-level dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride, and it is pumped once in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. Flower thinning; in the autumn of the same year, artificially propagated/wild weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting ground close to the bottom of the ridge, and watered in the ditch, and the water level in the ditch is lower than that of the first planting ground. The surface height is 12-17cm. Stop irrigation after frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site;

S3: Irrigation starts after the second year of hiccups. Weet sprouts start to sprout from April to May. After sprouting, we turn on water spray holes/nozzles every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. The first year of budding is not right. Carry out picking; Loquat spring new shoot turns green and mature and then fertilizes twice with two-stage dilute fertilizer water at intervals, 20d between two waterings, and contains 5% urea and 1% Potassium Chloride in the second-grade dilute fertilizer water, to loquat The tree is pruned and pulled to make the crown of the loquat tree in a round head shape, and the angle between the main branch and the main pole is 50-55°. The application amount of manure is 500-800kg/mu, and the application amount of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu. In the autumn of the second year, sow milk vetch on the first planting land. After the milk vetch matures, harvest it and cover it with leaves On the surface of the first planting site, stop irrigation after frost; from the second year, before the vetch and leaves are covered with selenium-enriched soil fertilizer, the amount of selenium-enriched soil fertilizer per acre of the first planting site is 120-150kg is applied on the ground, and the selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is obtained by composting and decomposing 6kg of green manure, 0.8kg of lime, 4.0kg of livestock manure, 3.5kg of cake fertilizer and 3-5g of sodium selenite;

S4: From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: Start irrigation after the hibernation, and apply budding fertilizer once in March and April. After budding, open the water spray hole/nozzle every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist Spray, pick weed 3 to 4 times from April to May, when the new loquats turn green and mature at the end of spring, use the third-level dilute fertilizer water to fertilize twice at intervals, and the interval between the two fertilizations is 20d, and the third-level dilute fertilizer water Contains 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride, prunes and pulls the loquat tree so that the angle between the new main branch and the main pole is 50-55°, thins the flowers after flowering, and applies it once after fruit picking and autumn Livestock manure and compound fertilizer, the application amount of poultry and livestock manure is 500-800kg/mu each time, and the application amount of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu each time; in the early stage of loquat fruit expansion period, fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied, and at the end of loquat fruit expansion period Spray organic selenium fertilizer in the early stage; sow milk vetch on the first planting ground in autumn, harvest it and spread it on the surface of the first planting ground together with the leaves after the milk vetch matures, stop irrigation after frost, and help the bud fertilizer to become fire fertilizer Prepared by mixing with human urine/urea;

The poultry and livestock manure is obtained by the following method: Sorghum, wheat, and soybean are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and water is added to the Fermentation treatment at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed are mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the collected excrement of livestock and poultry is livestock manure.

The most important thing in the planting of weed is the control of water and fertilizer. Weir likes water and shade, but it is also afraid of waterlogging, and it is extremely harsh on the growing soil. In the present invention, through the transformation of the above-mentioned hillside forest land, the irrigation system composed of water ditches can make the water flow evenly irrigate the entire hillside forest land, and at the same time, the water level in the water ditch is controlled to be 12-17 cm lower than the surface of the first planting ground, so as to ensure the pleasing quality of weed. Water irrigation and no waterlogging will occur. Planting weed near the bottom of the ridge is far better than planting on flat ground. The influence of dam ridge makes the new stems and leaves grow away from the ridge, making its The phytohormone in the plant stimulates the roots to germinate more spores, increasing the yield. At the same time, the setting of the dam can make the water flow above the first planting site not flow from the surface of the first planting site, but penetrate into the ditch from the lower part, preventing In addition, the dam ridge built of stones can play a fixed role in the early stage of forest land transformation, preventing landslides during the rainy season from destroying the hillside forest land; water spray holes/nozzles are sprayed for a short time at night to simulate rainwater Every day, part of the rainwater is sprayed sparsely on the welt sprouts, which promotes the growth of the welt sprouts and makes the welt sprouts stronger; at the same time, the above-mentioned improved soil is more in line with the best requirements for the growth of welt in terms of acidity and fertilizer The coincidence makes the vetch stronger, and the vetch can grow luxuriantly on the soil of the first planting site. The harvested vetch and leaves are covered, so that the vetch can survive the winter better and ensure that the vetch will germinate next year. , the rot of milk vetch, leaves and the application of budding fertilizer can well supplement the fertility of the first planting site and adjust the acidity, so that the weed can be picked every year.

And adopt the above-mentioned improved soil and selenium-enriched soil fertilizer to carry out the planting of Oyster, the organic selenium can be effectively absorbed by the Oyster, which can effectively increase the selenium content in the Oyster, and the selenium content in the harvested dried Oyster is increased by about 3 to 4 times, composting Decomposition is exactly the method of green manure compost decomposing commonly used in agricultural production.

In addition, the survival rate of the loquat trees planted with the above scheme is 100%. The loquats are green leaves all year round, and a shade fence is formed around the weeds to ensure the growth environment of the weeds, and at the same time shorten the cycle of the entire forest land transformation . In addition, the joint planting of loquat and Osmanthus can improve the economic benefits of vegetable planting. The dwarfed loquat saplings can be purchased directly from the nursery factory, which can quickly grow into a forest. At the same time, the pre-decomposed fertilizer can ensure the nutrient requirements of the loquat saplings and prevent the saplings from being burned to death by the organic fertilizer. The fertilization that changes year by year is also based on It is set based on the growth needs of loquat saplings in different periods. In the first year, loquat trees need to be fertilized with low-concentration fertilizer and all flowers thinned to ensure their survival. In the second year, they need to be fertilized with medium-concentration fertilizer and thinned out for 90 % of the flowers, in the third year and thereafter, the production is guaranteed, and it is necessary to fertilize with higher concentration fertilizer and thin out 20-30% of the flowers. In addition, the dwarf loquat tree can reduce the labor intensity of flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging and harvesting, and at the same time, it can ensure reasonable shading of weed.

Of course, the above is only a brief description of the main role played by each factor alone. Through the coordination of various factors, the Otto can be picked in high yield every year, and the Otto picked is strong and of good quality.

The detailed plan is:

The height of the ridge is 60-80cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35cm. There is a sand layer on the lower side of the improved soil filling layer, and the bottom of the ridge extends into the sand layer. The surface of the second planting site The height is 20-25cm higher than the surface height of the first planting place. After the second year, tea trees can be planted on the second planting site. The tea trees are located on the inner side of the loquat trees and interlaced with the loquat trees. The bud-helping fertilizer is prepared by preparing 50kg of fire fertilizer soil and 10L of human urine. The branches of the dwarf loquat tree are also luxuriant, as if forming a fence on the outside of the ditch. At this time, larger tea saplings are planted inside it. Tea trees like shade and can grow well. Multi-crop interplanting improves the overall economic benefits.

In addition, organic selenium can be effectively absorbed by loquats through the application of selenium-rich fertilizers obtained by mixing and composting organic selenium-rich livestock and poultry manure with weeds, lime, and cake fertilizers, and the application of organic selenium fertilizers during fruit expansion. The content is more than three times that of ordinary loquat, and it becomes a health-care fruit. Flush fertilization of fruit trees should be used before organic selenium fertilizer. Fruit tree flush fertilization can effectively promote the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer by fruit trees. In addition, it can also increase color and sweetness, strong disease resistance, prevent fruit cracking, early ripening, round fruit, and storage resistance. Effect.

The above-mentioned technical scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of the weed, and after the third year, the weed can be picked every year, and the planted loquat can also achieve high yield, improving the economic benefits of farmers.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of opening a ditch on the slope;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the following words are only used to describe one or several specific implementation modes of the present invention, and do not strictly limit the protection scope of the specific claims of the present invention.

The following examples 1-2 are in the Liangfeng Farm (Yuexi County) jointly developed by our company (Anqing Wancaoqianmu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.), Wuhu Hengnuo Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Lianhua Village Liangfeng Group), the spores refer to the tender white spores on the welt, the spores grow into the welt, and then they are picked. The dilute feces are prepared by mixing human urine and 2 times the water, and the urea water is 100 ~200g urea and 1L water are prepared. For the specific application amount of fertilizer not clearly stated in the following examples 1 and 2, those skilled in the art can use it in an appropriate amount according to the effect of the fertilizer and the period of use to ensure the reliable planting of crops. In addition, during the entire planting process, it is necessary to perform Weeding, soil loosening, insecticide and other operations. Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the percentages of components are mass concentrations.

The fruit tree flushing fertilization applied in the early stage of loquat fruit expansion is the Yungeng brand fruit tree flushing fertilization produced by Zhengzhou Yungeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute 800-1200 times and apply drip irrigation, and apply 1.5 kg per acre of dropper; loquat The organic selenium fertilizer sprayed at the end of the fruit expansion period is the Sezhiyuan brand fruit-specific organic selenium fertilizer produced by Anhui Selenium Wuyou Modern Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The method of use is to dilute the liquid 500 times, spray it evenly on the crop leaves, and spray it at intervals Apply twice, with an interval of 7 days each time; the amount of spraying depends on the shape and age of the tree. The larger the shape and age of the tree, the larger the amount of spraying, generally 1L to 1.5L per mu. Of course, the fruit tree fertilization and organic selenium fertilizer produced by other companies can also be used, and the same effect has been achieved. Livestock manure is the feces collected from raising livestock and poultry; sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5 , adding water and fermenting at 28° C. for 70 days, mixing the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collecting the excrement of livestock and poultry.

The improved soil used in Examples 1 and 2 was obtained in Examples 3 to 6, and the selenium-enriched soil fertilizer was obtained in Examples 7 to 9. The improvement of hillside woodland is specifically shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Example 1

Set up a fire prevention line in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped form. The contour line of the hillside is opened, and the outside of the slope between the adjacent planting grounds 11 adopts stones to pile up the dam ridge 12, and the middle part of each planting ground 11 is provided with a water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 offers along the length direction of the planting ground 11 and Intervals 131 are arranged at intervals along its lengthwise direction in the water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 is separated into each water tank by the spacer 131. The first and second water outlets 132 are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank on the spacers 131, and the groove wall on the outside of the water tank Open the third water outlet 133 on the top, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet) height, the height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet), the partitions 131 on the adjacent water ditch 13 are arranged in a staggered interval, and the third water outlet 133 on the adjacent water ditch 13 is in the form of Intervals are arranged in a staggered manner, the top ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged water spray pipes 14, and the pipe body of the water spray pipe 14 is provided with water spray holes at intervals. The water outlet direction of the water hole is obliquely directed to the side wall of the ridge 12, and the water ditch 13 divides the planting field 11 into a first planting field 111 located inside the water ditch 13 and a second planting field 112 located on the outside of the water ditch 13. The planting land 111 is filled with improved soil; the height of the ridge 12 is 60-80 cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filled is 30-35 cm. The bottom extends into the sand layer 15, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30-40 cm, the width of the second planting site 112 is 1-1.2 m, and the surface height of the second planting site is higher than that of the first planting site 20～25cm;

At the end of the autumn of the first year, a 0.6m deep planting hole was excavated in the second planting 112, and 1.5kg of weeds were put in the planting hole, and then compacted with 0.2kg of lime, 2.0kg of livestock manure, and 1.0kg of cake fertilizer, and covered with plastic film to decompose. Remove the plastic film after decomposing, turn and spread the fertilizer in the planting hole, plant dwarfed loquat saplings in the planting hole at the end of the winter of the first year or the beginning of the spring of the current year, water thoroughly, and use a Fertilize twice at intervals of first-grade dilute fertilizer and water, with an interval of 20 days between two times of fertilization. The first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride, pumping once in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and remove them all after flowering ; In the autumn of the same year, artificially propagated weed seedlings 11a are planted at intervals at the first planting site 111 next to the bottom of the dam ridge 12, and the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 centimeters, and the size is 20 * 20cm, planted by plant spacing 15cm, When transplanting, the vetch seedling 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not damage the root system, pour fixed root water after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, and the water surface height in the ditch 13 is lower than the surface height 12 of the first planting place 111. ~17cm, stop irrigation after the frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site 111, the leaves and pine needles falling from miscellaneous trees can be used for bedding;

Irrigation started after the second year of stung, and weeds began to bud from April to May. After the buds, the water spray holes were opened every night for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying. Seedlings and bud buds are not picked in the first year; loquat spring new shoots turn green and mature, and then fertilize twice at intervals with secondary dilute fertilizer water. The interval between two fertilizations is 20 days, and the secondary dilute fertilizer water contains 5% Urea and 1% potassium chloride, pruning and pulling the loquat tree so that the crown of the loquat tree is round-headed, the angle between the main branch and the main pole is 50-55°, and the pulling bars are grown along the branches using flexible ropes Pull it down in the opposite direction, fix the other end of the soft rope with a bamboo stick inserted on the ground, adjust the angle between the main branch and the trunk to 50-55°, and untie the soft rope after the branches are formed; remove 90° after flowering. % flowers, apply poultry manure and compound fertilizer once in the autumn of the second year, the application rate of poultry manure is 500-800kg/mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu; Sow milk vetch on the ground 111. After the milk vetch is mature, harvest it and cover it with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground 111. Stop irrigation after the frost; The selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is sprinkled on the first planting land, and the amount of the selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is 120-150 kg per mu of the first planting land.

From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the hibernation, and apply germination fertilizer once in March and April, use dilute manure water or urea water to fertilize and lift seedlings before or after spores, and raise seedlings every night after budding Open the water spray hole and spray for 3-5 minutes. Pick the weed cabbage 3-4 times in April-May, without damaging the roots when picking, and apply dilute manure water once after each picking; at the end of spring, the newborn loquats will turn green and mature Afterwards, fertilize twice at intervals with three-level dilute fertilizer water, with an interval of 20 days between two times of fertilization. The three-level dilute fertilizer water contains 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride, and the loquat tree is pruned and stripped to make the new main branch The angle between the main pole and the main pole is 50-55°. Thin the flowers after flowering, and apply poultry manure and compound fertilizer once after fruit picking and autumn respectively. The amount of poultry manure applied each time is 500-800kg/mu, The amount of each application is 200-250kg/mu; in the early stage of loquat fruit expansion period, fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied, and organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed in the end of loquat fruit expansion period; Its harvest and leaves are spread on the ground surface of the first planting land 111 together, and the irrigation is stopped after the fall of frost, and the budding fertilizer is prepared by 50kg of fire fertilizer soil and 10L of human urine.

Example 2

Set up a fire prevention line in the selected hillside woodland for mountain refining, choose a sunny day to burn the ground thoroughly, remove tree roots and weeds after burning the ground, and prepare the hillside woodland into a stepped form. The contour line of the hillside is opened, and the outside of the slope between the adjacent planting grounds 11 adopts stones to pile up the dam ridge 12, and the middle part of each planting ground 11 is provided with a water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 offers along the length direction of the planting ground 11 and Intervals 131 are arranged at intervals along its lengthwise direction in the water ditch 13, and the water ditch 13 is separated into each water tank by the spacer 131. The first and second water outlets 132 are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank on the spacers 131, and the groove wall on the outside of the water tank Open the third water outlet 133 on the top, and the height of the third water outlet 133 on the same tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet in the first and second water outlets 132 (as the height of the first water outlet is lower than the second water outlet) height, the height of the third water outlet 133 is consistent with the height of the first water outlet), the partitions 131 on the adjacent water ditch 13 are arranged in a staggered interval, and the third water outlet 133 on the adjacent water ditch 13 is in the form of Arranged in a staggered manner at intervals, the top ditch 13 of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and the upper and outer sides of the dam ridge 12 are provided with horizontally arranged sprinkler pipes 14, and nozzles are arranged at intervals on the pipe body of the sprinkler pipes 14, and the water outlet of the nozzles The direction obliquely points to the side wall of the ridge 12, and the water ditch 13 divides the planting land 11 into a first planting land 111 located inside the water ditch 13 and a second planting land 112 located outside the water ditch 13, and the first planting land 111 uses Filled with improved soil; the height of the ridge 12 is 60-80cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35cm, the lower side of the improved soil filling layer is provided with a sandy soil layer, and the bottom of the ridge 12 extends to the sandy soil In the layer, the width of the first planting land 111 is 30-40 cm, and the width of the second planting land 112 is 1-1.2 m;

At the end of the autumn of the first year, a 0.6m deep planting hole was excavated in the second planting 112, and 1.5kg of weeds were put in the planting hole, and then compacted with 0.2kg of lime, 2.0kg of livestock manure, and 1.0kg of cake fertilizer, and covered with plastic film to decompose. Remove the plastic film after decomposing, turn and spread the fertilizer in the planting hole, plant dwarfed loquat saplings in the planting hole at the end of the winter of the first year or the beginning of the spring of the current year, water thoroughly, and use a Fertilize twice at intervals of first-grade dilute fertilizer and water, with an interval of 20 days between two times of fertilization. The first-grade dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride, pumping once in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and remove them all after flowering ; In the autumn of the same year, artificially propagated weed seedlings 11a are planted at intervals at the first planting site 111 next to the bottom of the dam ridge 12, and the width of the planting hole is 20 to 25 centimeters, and the size is 20 * 20cm, planted by plant spacing 15cm, When transplanting, the vetch seedling 11a should be transplanted with soil, do not damage the root system, pour fixed root water after planting, and irrigate in the ditch 13, and the water surface height in the ditch 13 is lower than the surface height 12 of the first planting place 111. ~17cm, stop irrigation after the frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site 111, the leaves and pine needles falling from miscellaneous trees can be used for bedding;

Irrigation started after the second year of stung, and weeds began to bud from April to May. After the buds, the water spray holes were opened every night for 3 to 5 minutes of spraying. Seedlings and bud buds are not picked in the first year; loquat spring new shoots turn green and mature, and then fertilize twice at intervals with secondary dilute fertilizer water. The interval between two fertilizations is 20 days, and the secondary dilute fertilizer water contains 5% Urea and 1% potassium chloride, pruning and pulling the loquat tree so that the crown of the loquat tree is round-headed, the angle between the main branch and the main pole is 50-55°, and the pulling bars are grown along the branches using flexible ropes Pull it down in the opposite direction, fix the other end of the soft rope with a bamboo stick inserted on the ground, adjust the angle between the main branch and the trunk to 50-55°, and untie the soft rope after the branches are formed; remove 90° after flowering. % flowers, apply poultry manure and compound fertilizer once in the autumn of the second year, the application rate of poultry manure is 500-800kg/mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu; Sow milk vetch on the ground 111. After the milk vetch is mature, harvest it and cover it with the leaves on the surface of the first planting ground 111. Stop irrigation after the frost; The selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is sprinkled on the first planting land, and the amount of the selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is 120-150 kg per mu of the first planting land.

From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: start to irrigate after the hibernation, and apply germination fertilizer once in March and April, use dilute manure water or urea water to fertilize and lift seedlings before or after spores, and raise seedlings every night after budding Open the water spray hole and spray for 3-5 minutes. Pick the weed cabbage 3-4 times in April-May, without damaging the roots when picking, and apply dilute manure water once after each picking; at the end of spring, the newborn loquats will turn green and mature Afterwards, fertilize twice at intervals with three-level dilute fertilizer water, with an interval of 20 days between two times of fertilization. The three-level dilute fertilizer water contains 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride, and the loquat tree is pruned and stripped to make the new main branch The angle between the main pole and the main pole is 50-55°. Thin the flowers after flowering, and apply poultry manure and compound fertilizer once after fruit picking and autumn respectively. The amount of poultry manure applied each time is 500-800kg/mu, The amount of each application is 200-250kg/mu; in the early stage of loquat fruit expansion period, fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied, and organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed in the end of loquat fruit expansion period; Its harvest and leaves are spread on the surface of the first planting land 111 together, and the irrigation is stopped after the frost. The budding fertilizer is prepared by mixing fire fertilizer soil and urea according to the weight ratio of 100:5. Before the preparation, the urea is dissolved with water and then Mix and prepare with fire fertilizer soil.

In above-mentioned embodiment 1,2, the planting amount of per mu of Osmanthus is 2000～2500 strains, every mu produces 330 kilograms of fresh Osmunia per year, the length of picking fresh Osmanthus is 15～20cm, and the root diameter of fresh Osmanthus root is 0.8 to 1.2 cm, the degree of fibrosis of fresh cabbage is low, and the content of selenium in cabbage is high, and the content of selenium in dried cabbage is about 3 to 4 times that of ordinary cabbage.

Traditionally planted on flat land, the planting amount of weeds per mu is 4500-6000 plants, and the annual output of fresh weeds is 300 kg per mu. The length of fresh weeds picked is 15-20 cm, and the root diameter of fresh weeds is 0.3-0.6 cm. The degree of fibrosis on the surface of fresh vetch is high.

In addition, in Examples 1 and 2, there are 70 loquat trees per mu, and after the third year, each loquat tree can harvest 28 to 35 kilograms of loquats, and the selenium content in the loquats is more than three times that of ordinary loquats.

Example 3

Dry field soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixture and fire fertilizer soil are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:1:0.4:0.2 to obtain improved soil. The dry field soil is the paddy field soil taken after the paddy field was drained and dried for 6 months. During the field period, no crops were sown and the soil was turned over twice. The fire fertilizer soil was prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, and weeds with woodland soil (native hillside woodland) at a weight ratio of 1:2; selenium-rich mixture 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry and livestock manure, 0.5kg cake manure and 5g sodium selenite are obtained through composting and decomposing. Soybean is pulverized and mixed to make a fermentation substrate, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, water is added and fermented at 28°C for 70 days, and the fermented product and feed are mixed for raising livestock and poultry. The collected livestock and poultry manure is poultry manure.

Example 4

Dry field soil, peat soil, selenium-enriched mixture and fire fertilizer soil are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 1.2:1:0.8:0.4 to obtain improved soil. The dry field soil is the paddy field soil taken after the paddy field was drained and dried for 3 months. During the field period, no crops were sown and the soil was turned 3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, weeds and forest land in a weight ratio of 1:3; the selenium-rich mixture was 4kg green manure, 0.8 kg lime, 4.0kg poultry and livestock manure, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenite are obtained through composting and decomposing, and poultry and livestock manure is obtained by the following method: according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1, sorghum, wheat, and soybean are pulverized and mixed to prepare Fermentation substrate, mix yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water and ferment at 28°C for 70 days, mix the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collect the excrement of livestock and poultry It is poultry manure.

Example 5

Dry field soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixture and fire fertilizer soil are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:0.8:0.4 to obtain improved soil. The dry field soil is the paddy field soil taken after the paddy field was drained and dried for 4 months. During the field period, no crops were sown and the soil was turned 3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, weeds and forest land according to the weight ratio of 1:2.5; the selenium-rich mixture was 4kg green manure, 0.8 kg lime, 4.0kg poultry manure, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite are obtained through composting and decomposing. Fermentation substrate, mix yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water and ferment at 28°C for 70 days, mix the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collect the excrement of livestock and poultry It is poultry manure.

Example 6

Dry field soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixture and fire fertilizer soil are mixed and prepared according to the weight ratio of 1.2:1:0.4:0.4 to obtain improved soil. The dry field soil is the paddy field soil taken after the paddy field was drained and dried for 4 months. During the field period, no crops were sown and the soil was turned over twice. The fire fertilizer soil was prepared by mixing fire ash from straw, branches and leaves, weeds and forest land according to the weight ratio of 1:2.5; the selenium-rich mixture was 4kg green manure, 0.8 kg lime, 4.0kg poultry manure, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite are obtained through composting and decomposing. Fermentation substrate, mix yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water and ferment at 28°C for 70 days, mix the fermented product and feed for raising livestock and poultry, and collect the excrement of livestock and poultry It is poultry manure.

The improved soil produced in the above-mentioned examples 3-6 has a pH value and a fertility that are very suitable for the production of weed cabbage. Therefore, the transplanted weed cabbage seedlings have a high survival rate, and the fertilizer effect can improve the yield of weed cabbage for a long time, and wherein organic selenium can effectively Absorbed by Osmanthus, increase the content of organic selenium in the finished Osmanthus.

Example 7

The selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is obtained by composting 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry manure, 3.5kg cake manure and 3-5g sodium selenite; the poultry manure is obtained by the following method: according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 Sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed to prepare a fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and water is added to ferment at 28°C for 70 days, and the fermented product and feed are mixed for use For raising livestock and poultry, the collected excrement of livestock and poultry is livestock manure.

Example 8

Selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is obtained by composting 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg livestock manure, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3-5g sodium selenite; poultry manure is obtained by the following method: according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 Sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed to prepare a fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and water is added to ferment at 28°C for 70 days, and the fermented product and feed are mixed for use For raising livestock and poultry, the collected excrement of livestock and poultry is livestock manure.

Example 9

The selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is obtained by composting 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry manure, 3.5kg cake manure and 3-5g sodium selenite; the poultry manure is obtained by the following method: according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 Sorghum, wheat, and soybeans are pulverized and mixed to prepare a fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:5, and water is added to ferment at 28°C for 70 days, and the fermented product and feed are mixed for use For raising livestock and poultry, the collected excrement of livestock and poultry is livestock manure.

After the growth and harvesting of Osmanthus vetch every year, the loss of soil is relatively large, so it is necessary to replenish the soil fertility and adjust the pH every year. The selenium-enriched soil fertilizer prepared in the above-mentioned Examples 7-9 has a higher pH than the normal growth conditions of Osmanthus vetch , used before covering grass and leaves, it can effectively adjust the pH of the soil, and at the same time supplement fertility and organic selenium to ensure the high yield of selenium-enriched weed every year.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, after knowing the content recorded in the present invention, they can also make changes to it without departing from the principle of the present invention. Several equivalent transformations and substitutions should also be deemed to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a high-yield combined planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables refers to the method of jointly planting weed and loquat in hillside woodland, specifically comprising the following steps: S1: The hillside forest land is prepared in a stepped manner, and the various planting sites after site preparation are set up along the contour line of the hillside. Ditch, the ditch is opened along the length of the planting field, and partitions are arranged at intervals along the length of the ditch. The partitions divide the ditch into various water tanks, and the first and second water outlets are respectively arranged on the two ends of each water tank. A third water outlet is provided on the tank wall outside the water tank. The height of the third water outlet on the same water tank is consistent with the height of the smaller water outlet among the first and second water outlets. The third water outlet on the adjacent water tank is in the shape of Arranged in a staggered interval, the top ditch of the hillside woodland is connected to the water supply device, and horizontally arranged water spray pipes are arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the dam ridge, and water spray holes/nozzles are arranged at intervals on the body of the water spray pipe. / The water outlet direction of the nozzle points obliquely to the side wall of the ridge. The water ditch divides the planting land into the first planting land located inside the ditch and the second planting land located outside the ditch. The first planting land is filled with improved soil The improved soil is prepared by mixing upland soil, peat soil, selenium-enriched mixture and fire fertilizer soil according to the weight ratio of 1:1:0.4:0.2～1.2:1:0.8:0.4, and the upland soil is rice field drainage drying The paddy field soil was taken after 3-6 months, and the crops were not sown during the drying period, and the soil was turned 2-3 times. The fire fertilizer soil was straw, branches and leaves, and fire ash from burning weeds and woodland soil at a ratio of 1:2~ The weight ratio of 3 is mixed and prepared; the selenium-enriched mixture is obtained by composting and decomposing 4 kg of green manure, 0.8 kg of lime, 4.0 kg of livestock manure, 0.5 kg of cake fertilizer and 5-10 g of sodium selenite; S2: At the end of the autumn of the first year, dig a 0.6m deep planting hole in the second planting site, put 1.5kg of weeds in the planting hole, then use 0.2kg of lime, 2.0kg of poultry manure, 1.0kg of cake fertilizer to compact, and cover with plastic film for decomposing , remove the plastic film after decomposing, turn over and spread the fertilizer in the planting hole, plant dwarf loquat saplings in the planting hole at the end of the winter of the first year or the beginning of the spring of the current year, water thoroughly, and use it after the new shoots of the loquat have turned green and mature. The first-level dilute fertilizer water is fertilized twice at intervals, and the interval between two times of fertilization is 20 days. The first-level dilute fertilizer water contains 2% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride, and it is pumped once in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. Flower thinning; in the autumn of the same year, artificially propagated/wild weed seedlings are planted at intervals on the first planting ground close to the bottom of the ridge, and watered in the ditch, and the water level in the ditch is lower than that of the first planting ground. The surface height is 12-17cm. Stop irrigation after frost and spread a layer of leaves on the surface of the first planting site; S3: Irrigation starts after the second year of hiccups. Weet sprouts start to sprout from April to May. After sprouting, we turn on water spray holes/nozzles every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist spraying. The first year of budding is not right. Carry out picking; Loquat spring new shoot turns green and mature and then fertilizes twice with two-stage dilute fertilizer water at intervals, 20d between two waterings, and contains 5% urea and 1% Potassium Chloride in the second-grade dilute fertilizer water, to loquat The tree is pruned and pulled to make the crown of the loquat tree in a round head shape, and the angle between the main branch and the main pole is 50-55°. The application amount of manure is 500-800kg/mu, and the application amount of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu. In the autumn of the second year, sow milk vetch on the first planting land. After the milk vetch matures, harvest it and cover it with leaves On the surface of the first planting site, stop irrigation after frost; from the second year, before the vetch and leaves are covered with selenium-enriched soil fertilizer, the amount of selenium-enriched soil fertilizer per acre of the first planting site is 120-150kg is applied on the ground, and the selenium-enriched soil fertilizer is obtained by composting and decomposing 6kg of green manure, 0.8kg of lime, 4.0kg of livestock manure, 3.5kg of cake fertilizer and 3-5g of sodium selenite; S4: From the third year, repeat the following operations every year: Start irrigation after the hibernation, and apply budding fertilizer once in March and April. After budding, open the water spray hole/nozzle every night for 3-5 minutes of spraying/mist Spray, pick weed 3 to 4 times from April to May, when the new loquats turn green and mature at the end of spring, use the third-level dilute fertilizer water to fertilize twice at intervals, and the interval between the two fertilizations is 20d, and the third-level dilute fertilizer water Contains 8% urea and 1.5% potassium chloride, prunes and pulls the loquat tree so that the angle between the new main branch and the main pole is 50-55°, thins the flowers after flowering, and applies it once after fruit picking and autumn Livestock manure and compound fertilizer, the application amount of poultry and livestock manure is 500-800kg/mu each time, and the application amount of compound fertilizer is 200-250kg/mu each time; in the early stage of loquat fruit expansion period, fruit tree flushing fertilizer is applied, and at the end of loquat fruit expansion period Spray organic selenium fertilizer in the early stage; sow milk vetch on the first planting ground in autumn, harvest it and spread it on the surface of the first planting ground together with the leaves after the milk vetch matures, stop irrigation after frost, and help the bud fertilizer to become fire fertilizer Prepared by mixing with human and animal urine/urea; The poultry and livestock manure is obtained by the following method: Sorghum, wheat, and soybean are pulverized and mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare the fermentation substrate, and the yeast selenium and the fermentation substrate are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and water is added to the Fermentation treatment at 28°C for 70 days, the fermented product and feed are mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the collected excrement of livestock and poultry is livestock manure. 2. The high-yield combined planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the ridge is 60-80 cm, the thickness of the improved soil filling is 30-35 cm, and the thickness of the improved soil filling layer is 30-35 cm. A sandy soil layer is arranged on the lower side, and the bottom of the ridge extends into the sandy soil layer, and the surface height of the second planting site is 20-25 cm higher than that of the first planting site. 3. The high-yield joint planting method of selenium-enriched loquat and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the budding fertilizer is prepared from 50 kg of fertile soil and 10 L of human and animal urine.