CN104686167B - A method of realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland - Google Patents
A method of realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686167B CN104686167B CN201510107491.4A CN201510107491A CN104686167B CN 104686167 B CN104686167 B CN 104686167B CN 201510107491 A CN201510107491 A CN 201510107491A CN 104686167 B CN104686167 B CN 104686167B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, it refer to the method in farmland joint implant common vetch dish and oil tea, it specifically includes 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, in farmland, heap is with building the first and second ridge, whole form is filled out to first ridge using improvement soil, improvement soil is that dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam mixed preparing obtain, first ridge side be arranged holder, sparge pipe is set on holder, nozzle is arranged at intervals on sparge pipe；Plant, trimming and fertilising, tea oil tree First Year are to protect to survive, and low concentration fertilizer is needed to pour fertilizer and whole flower thinnings, and second year is to protect strong sprout, and young sprout needs to apply fast nitrogenous fertilizer before sprouting, third year and be to protect yield later, need the applied amount for increasing organic fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer.Interplant tea oil tree, it can be achieved that single plant tea oil tree high yield, improve the economic benefit of agriculture forestry planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural productions, and in particular to a method of realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, scientific name purple dustpan, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has extensive presence in Dabie Mountain mountain area.Containing rich in common vetch dish
Various trace elements, the common vetch dishes such as rich protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama not only can be made into delicious dish, with more anti-
Cancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, weight-reducing, beauty and other effects, while the viruses such as influenza, encephalitis B are significantly inhibited, it is long
Phase outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is especially exported to Japan.
Currently, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, and although also there is place experiment artificial growth, its low output, acquisition
Common vetch dish stem is thin, poor quality, and common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud after picking one, two year.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of methods for realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, can effectively solve
The above problem, the yield of common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, and quality is good, can pick for a long time, will not the underproduction, with interplanting tea oil tree,
The high yield that single plant tea oil tree can be achieved, improves the economic benefit of agriculture forestry planting.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical schemes：
A method of it realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, refers in farmland joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree
Method specifically includes following operating procedure：
Step 1：By 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, is risen in farmland
Ridge is in the first and second ridge that arrangement shape is interval-staggered with forming the first ridge of strip with the second ridge, the height on the second ridge ground
More than the height on the first ridge ground, constituted for dry land soil to the second ridge, the first ridge using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improve soil
It is dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixing is matched
It is made, for dry land soil by the paddy soils taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, fiery loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing
Fire ash with forest land soil according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing be 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime,
4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge side be arranged holder, branch
The sparge pipe of horizontal shape arrangement is set on frame, is arranged at intervals with nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe, the water outlet direction of nozzle refers to obliquely
To the first ridge；
Step 2：3~April of First Year excavates the planting hole of 50~55cm depths on the second ridge on the ground, by 2~triennial oil tea
Sapling plantation is set in planting hole, one layer of soil, one layer of base manure backfills planting hole, and the 20d after tea oil plantation is poured primary
Dilute rich water, contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, base manure be the green manure of 10 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight stone
The cake fertilizer mixing of ash, the poultry muck of 15 parts by weight and 8 parts by weight is decomposed to be obtained；It opens on tree stump periphery when August part in tea oil tree
If annular groove, apply 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in annular groove, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；The same year autumn by artificial propagation/
Wild common vetch dish seedling on the first ridge, transplanted on the ground by interval, and is poured water in furrow, and the water surface elevation in furrow is at least low
Ground level 18cm in the first ridge ground stopped irrigating and in one layer of leaf of earth's surface bedding on the first ridge ground after the Frost's Descent；
Step 3：Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, and daily night opening is sprayed after bract bud
Spray/the mist that spreads that water hole/nozzle carries out 3~5min sprays, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；Along tea oil tree it is high by 100~
Pinching is carried out at 110cm, and shaping is carried out to tea oil tree using natural open centre shape training type, retains 5~7 major branches on trunk,
And carry out turning on the second ridge of foot couple in March whole and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root, on the tree stump periphery of tea oil tree when October
Annular groove is opened up, applies 500g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 2kg biological organic fertilizers in annular groove, tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；Second
Autumn in year broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, and receipts and leaf bedding together are cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation
It is turned over after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation and is buried by the earth's surface on the first ridge ground on the spot, stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent；It is opened from second year
Begin, spreads fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground on the first ridge before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is per acre first
120~150kg is spread fertilizer over the fields to ridge, selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g
Sodium selenite is obtained through compost maturity；
Step 4：Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and in 3, April to common vetch dish
Application once helps bud fertile, and daily night opening hole for water spraying/3~5min's of nozzle progress spreads spray/mist spray, 4~May pair after bract bud
Common vetch dish is picked 3~4 times；Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch so that the angle between major branch and trunk is 40~45 °, to major branch
On side shoot trimmed and trim so that major branch tip height be no more than 3.5m, before newly slightly sprouting every plant application 800g nitrogen
Fertilizer applies 800g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 5kg biological organic fertilizers for every plant when October；Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising,
Tea oil tree fructescence sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch at
Receipts and leaf are cut after ripe, and bedding turns over it in the earth's surface on the first ridge ground after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation on the spot together
It buries, stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent；
Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are pulverized and mixed by 1 mass ratio matches
Fermentation substrate is made, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio,
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, and the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, and the height on the second ridge ground is 45
The width of~50cm, the second ridge ground are 1.4~2m.
The plantation of common vetch dish, most important is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is cloudy, but also flood afraid of water, and to life
Long soil is extremely harsh.The irrigation system that the present invention is made up of the transformation in above-mentioned farmland, furrow, enables to uniform fluid flow
Entire farmland, while at least below the first ridge the earth's surface 18cm of the water level control in furrow are irrigated, ensures that the happiness water of common vetch dish fills
It irrigates and is not in waterlogging；Hole for water spraying/nozzle sprays in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater day so that rainwater sparse spray in part exists
On common vetch dish bud, promote the growth of common vetch dish bud so that common vetch dish bud is more sturdy；The improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously, in acidity and
Fertilizer, which is supported, more to match with the best demand of common vetch dish growth so that common vetch dish is more sturdy, and in addition Chinese milk vetch can on the first ridge
Soil property on vegetate, the Chinese milk vetch of harvesting, leaf are covered so that common vetch dish can be preferably overwintering, ensure common vetch dish come
Year germination spore, fertility and the adjusting of Chinese milk vetch, leaf rotted and the application of bud fertilizer is helped to can be good at supplementing the first ridge ground
Acidity so that common vetch dish can be picked every year.
And common vetch colza plant is carried out using above-mentioned improvement soil and selenium-rich clay fertilizer, Organic Selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish,
The Se content in common vetch dish can be effectively improved, Se content about improves 3~4 times in the dry common vetch dish of harvest, and compost maturity is exactly that agricultural is raw
The means of common green manure compost maturity in production.
In addition, the tea oil tree planted using the above scheme, survival rate 100%, tea oil tree is all throughout the year greenery, in common vetch
The periphery of dish forms the fence of shading, ensures demand of the common vetch dish to growing environment, while shortening the period of entire forest land transformation.Separately
Outside, the joint implant of tea oil tree and common vetch dish can improve the economic benefit of agricultural planting.Oil tea sapling can directly be purchased from nursery factory
It can buy, can quickly grow into forest, meanwhile, base manure can ensure the fertilising that demand of the oil tea sapling to nutrient changes year by year, and
It is set according to the growth demand of oil tea sapling different periods, tea oil tree First Year is to protect to survive, and low concentration fertilizer is needed to pour fertilizer
With whole flower thinnings, second year is to protect strong sprout, needs to apply fast nitrogenous fertilizer before needing young sprout to sprout, third year and be to protect production later
Amount needs the applied amount for increasing organic fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer.In addition, the shaping of tea oil tree, ensure tea oil tree large result and right
Common vetch dish is reasonably shaded.
Certainly, above-mentioned only simply to illustrate the main function that each factor is individually played, pass through the mutually coordinated of each factor
Effect so that common vetch dish can all carry out the picking of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish picked is sturdy, and quality is good.
Detailed scheme is：
It is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain to help bud fertilizer.In addition, rich in Organic Selenium feces of livestock and poultry with it is miscellaneous
The application of selenium-rich fertilizer and fruit expanding period organic selenium fertilizer that grass, lime, cake fertilizer mixed compaction heap be ripe to be obtained, Organic Selenium can be by
Tea oil tree effectively absorbs so that Se content is the 2 times or more in common tea oil in the tea oil of squeezing.Fruit tree punching fertilising should be more organic
Used before selenium fertilizer, fruit tree punching fertilising can effectively facilitate absorption of the tea oil tree to organic selenium fertilizer, in addition may also function as premunition it is strong, at
Ripe early, once grease effect.
Above-mentioned technical proposal can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and after third year every year can to common vetch dish into
Row picking, while the tea oil tree planted can also realize high yield, improve the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram after the site preparation of farmland；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section in farmland.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention be more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out specifically with reference to embodiments
It is bright.It should be appreciated that following word is only used to one or more of specific embodiments of the description present invention, not to the present invention
The protection domain specifically asked carries out considered critical.
Following Examples 1 to 2 are in my company (ten thousand grass of Anqing, thousand wooden agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd) and Wuhu perseverance promise energy
Technology Co., Ltd., Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technologys Co., Ltd joint development cool breeze farm (Yuexi County lotus flower village cool breeze group)
Middle progress, gemma refer to that tender white gemma is sent out on the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants, and gemma is picked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine
Liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparings obtain, and urea water is that 100~200g urea and 1L water are prepared to obtain.It is unknown in following embodiments 1,2
The specific amount of application of fertilizer really illustrated, those skilled in the art can in right amount be made according to the effect of fertilizer and use age
With ensureing the reliable plant of crops, in addition, in entire planting process, be required for carrying out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the behaviour such as desinsection
Make.In the present invention unless otherwise instructed, the percentage of component is mass concentration.
It is to be made in embodiment 3~6 that soil is improved used in embodiment 1,2, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is to be made in embodiment 7~9
, the improvement in farmland is specifically as shown in Figure 1, 2.
The fruit tree punching fertilising that fruit expanding period applies is that the cloud of Zhengzhou Yun Geng agricultural science and technologys Co., Ltd production ploughs board fruit tree
Punching fertilising, application method are that trickle irrigation is applied in 800-1200 times of punching of dilution, and dropper punching per acre applies 1.7 kilograms；Fructescence is sprayed
Organic selenium fertilizer be the production of Anhui selenium carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. selenium source board fruit tailored version organic selenium fertilizer,
Application method is 500 times of liquid of dilution, is uniformly sprayed on crop leaf, and interval sprays twice, every minor tick 7 days；The amount of spraying basis
Tree-like, the age of tree is big depending on the tree-like and age of tree, the amount of spraying accordingly increases, generally per acre 1.2L~1.8L.Certainly other can also be used
The fruit tree punching fertilising of company's production and organic selenium fertilizer are used, and same effect has been obtained.Poultry muck is that raising livestock and poultry are collected
Excrement；According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio, according to 1:5 quality
Than by yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing, adding water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, the product of fermentation and feed being mixed
For raising livestock and poultry, the excrement of livestock and poultry is collected.
Embodiment 1
By farmland (rice terrace) draining 3~June of dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, in farmland
Ridging formed strip the first ridge 111 and second ridge 112, the first and second ridge in arrangement shape it is interval-staggered, the second ridge
The height on ground 112 more than the first ridge 111 height, the second ridge 112 for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge 111 using improvement
Soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fire loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:
0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and dry land soil is by the paddy soils that are taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, fiery loam
(forest land soil is preferably woods soil or the mountain of Dabie Mountain Yuexi area pine forests for stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil
The slope soil on slope) according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultrys
Muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge 111 sides be arranged holder Z1, holder Z1
The sparge pipe 114 of upper setting horizontal shape arrangement is arranged at intervals with nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 114, and the water outlet direction of nozzle is oblique
The first ridge of lower direction；The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, and the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, the height on the second ridge ground
Degree is 45~50cm, and the width on the second ridge ground is 1.4~2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15~20cm；
3~April of First Year excavates the planting hole of 50~55cm depths on the second ridge on the ground, by 2~triennial tea oil tree sapling
(nursery station is commercially available) plants in planting hole, and one layer of soil, one layer of base manure backfills planting hole, after tea oil plantation
20d pours primary dilute rich water, contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, base manure be 10 parts by weight green manure,
The cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 parts by weight, the poultry muck of 15 parts by weight and 8 parts by weight is decomposed to be obtained；In tea oil tree when August part
Tree stump periphery opens up annular groove, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in annular groove, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；It will in the autumn in the same year
The common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation on the first ridge is spaced on 111 and is transplanted, and the width for planting plant hole is 20~25 centimetres, size
For 20 × 20cm, to be transplanted by spacing in the rows 15cm, when transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, does not hinder root system, and root water is poured after cultivation, and
Pour water in furrow (it is heretofore described to pour water and irrigation refers both in furrow intercycle water storage/pour water, that is, fill every time
Water lasts for another ten days, each 5~8cm of the depth of water, and discharging water after pouring water every time drains 4~5 days, repeatedly circulate operation), and in furrow
Water surface elevation less than the first ridge 111 ground level 19cm, after the Frost's Descent stop irrigate and on the first ridge 111 earth's surface paving
One layer of leaf of lid, the leaf and pine needle that optional miscellaneous tree descends slowly and lightly carry out bedding；
Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying into
3~5min's of row spreads spray, before gemma and carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and carries seedling, bract bud First Year is not to common vetch dish
It is picked；Pinching is carried out along the high 100~110cm of tea oil tree, tea oil tree is carried out using natural open centre shape training type whole
Shape retains 5~7 major branches on trunk, and carries out on the second ridge of foot couple in March turning over whole and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root, and 10
Tree stump periphery when month in tea oil tree opens up annular groove, applies 500g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 2kg biological organic fertilizer (stones in annular groove
The plump industry Co., Ltd production of family's village cyclopentadienyl), tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；Tie rod is using soft rope along the inverse of shoot growth
Direction pulls down, and the other end of soft rope is fixed with the bamboo stick plugged on ground, and it is 50~55 ° to adjust the angle between major branch and trunk,
After branch molding, soft rope is taken off, Post flowering removes all flowers；Second year autumn broadcasts sowing purple cloud on the ground on the first and second ridge
English, receipts and leaf are cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation, and for bedding in the earth's surface on the first ridge ground, the second ridge is purple on the ground together
It is turned on the spot after cloud Yingcheng is ripe and is buried, stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent；Since second year, before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on one ridge on the ground, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is to spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg to the first ridge per acre.
Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help bud
Fertilizer carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma and carries seedling, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying carry out 3~
5min's spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, and it is primary to apply loose stool water after picking every time；
Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch so that the angle between major branch and trunk is 40~45 °, is trimmed to the side shoot on major branch
And trim so that the tip height of major branch is no more than 3.5m, every plant of application 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, was applied for every plant when October before newly slightly sprouting
Add 800g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 5kg biological organic fertilizers；Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, the spray of tea oil tree fructescence
Spill organic selenium fertilizer；Second year autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, and receipts are cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation
It is turned over after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation and is buried, stopped after the Frost's Descent by the earth's surface with leaf together bedding on the first ridge ground on the spot
It irrigates；It is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain to help bud fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
By farmland (rice terrace) draining 3~June of dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, in farmland
Ridging formed strip the first ridge 111 and second ridge 112, the first and second ridge in arrangement shape it is interval-staggered, the second ridge
The height on ground 112 more than the first ridge 111 height, the second ridge 112 for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge 111 using improvement
Soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fire loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:
0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and dry land soil is by the paddy soils that are taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, fiery loam
(forest land soil is preferably woods soil or the mountain of Dabie Mountain Yuexi area pine forests for stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil
The slope soil on slope) according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultrys
Muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge 111 sides be arranged holder Z1, holder Z1
The sparge pipe 114 of upper setting horizontal shape arrangement is arranged at intervals with nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 114, and the water outlet direction of nozzle is oblique
The first ridge of lower direction；The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, and the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, the height on the second ridge ground
Degree is 45~50cm, and the width on the second ridge ground is 1.4~2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15~20cm；
3~April of First Year excavates the planting hole of 50~55cm depths on the second ridge on the ground, by 2~triennial tea oil tree sapling
(nursery station is commercially available) plants in planting hole, and one layer of soil, one layer of base manure backfills planting hole, after tea oil plantation
20d pours primary dilute rich water, contains 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride in the dilute rich water of level-one, base manure be 10 parts by weight green manure,
The cake fertilizer mixing of the lime of 2 parts by weight, the poultry muck of 15 parts by weight and 8 parts by weight is decomposed to be obtained；In tea oil tree when August part
Tree stump periphery opens up annular groove, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in annular groove, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；It will in the autumn in the same year
The common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation on the first ridge is spaced on 111 and is transplanted, and the width for planting plant hole is 20~25 centimetres, size
For 20 × 20cm, to be transplanted by spacing in the rows 15cm, when transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, does not hinder root system, and root water is poured after cultivation, and
Pour water in furrow, and the water surface elevation in furrow less than the first ridge 111 ground level 20cm, after the Frost's Descent stop irrigate simultaneously
On the first ridge 111 earth's surface bedding, one layer of leaf, the leaf and pine needle that optional miscellaneous tree descends slowly and lightly carry out bedding；
Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying into
3~5min's of row spreads spray, before gemma and carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and carries seedling, bract bud First Year is not to common vetch dish
It is picked；Pinching is carried out along the high 100~110cm of tea oil tree, tea oil tree is carried out using natural open centre shape training type whole
Shape retains 5~7 major branches on trunk, and carries out on the second ridge of foot couple in March turning over whole and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root, and 10
Tree stump periphery when month in tea oil tree opens up annular groove, applies 300g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 2kg biological organic fertilizers, tea in annular groove
Oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；Tie rod is pulled down along the reverse direction of shoot growth using soft rope, the other end ground of soft rope
On the bamboo stick that plugs fix, it is 50~55 ° to adjust the angle between major branch and trunk, after branch molding, soft rope is taken off, is bloomed
After remove all flowers；Second year autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, by it after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation
Cutting receipts and leaf, it is turned over after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation and is buried, after the Frost's Descent in the earth's surface on the first ridge ground by bedding on the spot together
Stop irrigating；Since second year, selenium-rich clay fertilizer, selenium-rich clay fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields on the first ridge on the ground before annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf bedding
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields be spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg to the first ridge per acre.
Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and applies in 3, April and once help bud
Fertilizer carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma and carries seedling, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying carry out 3~
5min's spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, and it is primary to apply loose stool water after picking every time；
Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch so that the angle between major branch and trunk is 40~45 °, is trimmed to the side shoot on major branch
And trim so that the tip height of major branch is no more than 3.5m, every plant of application 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, was applied for every plant when October before newly slightly sprouting
Add 800g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 5kg biological organic fertilizers；Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, the spray of tea oil tree fructescence
Spill organic selenium fertilizer；Second year autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, and receipts are cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation
It is turned over after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation and is buried, stopped after the Frost's Descent by the earth's surface with leaf together bedding on the first ridge ground on the spot
It irrigates；It is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain to help bud fertilizer.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of common vetch dish is 1800~2000 plants per acre, and 320 kilograms or so of annual output is fresh per acre
Common vetch dish, the length for picking fresh common vetch dish are 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8~1.2cm, the fiber of fresh common vetch dish
Change degree is low, and Se content in common vetch dish is high, and Se content is about 3~4 times of common common vetch dish in dry common vetch dish obtained.
The plantation amount of traditional level land plantation, mu common vetch dish is 4500~6000 plants, produces 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes, picking per year per acre
The length of fresh common vetch dish is 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3~0.6cm, the fibrosis journey on fresh common vetch dish surface
Degree is high.
In addition, in embodiment 1,2, third and fourth, 5 years every plant of tea oil trees can pick 20~50 jin of tea seeds, after 5 years,
Every plant of tea oil tree can harvest 50~80 jin of tea seeds, and Se content is 2 of Se content in common tea oil in the tea oil of tea seed squeezing
Times or more.
Embodiment 3
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2 weight ratio mixed preparing is changed
Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 2 times by the paddy soils that is taken after agricultural drain dry field June, fire fertilizer
Soil is that (forest land soil is woods soil or the mountain of Dabie Mountain Yuexi area pine forests for stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil
Slope slope soil, similarly hereinafter) according to 1：2 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg fowl
Animal manure fertilizer, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity, and poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1
Mass ratio by sorghum, wheat, soybean crush be hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to 1:5 mass ratio is by yeast selenium and fermentation
Substrate mixing adds water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, and the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, collected
Feces of livestock and poultry be poultry muck.
Embodiment 4
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1.2:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains
Improve soil, dry land soil is not sowed crop during dry field and digged 3 times for the paddy soils that is taken after agricultural drain dry field March, fiery
Loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil according to 1:3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing
It is obtained through compost maturity for 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenites, manure of livestock and poultry
Fertilizer obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio, are pressed
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and feeding by 5 mass ratio
Material carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 5
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.8:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing is changed
Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 3 times by the paddy soils that is taken after agricultural drain dry field April, fire fertilizer
The native fire ash being burnt into for stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds and forest land soil are according to 1:2.5 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing
It is obtained through compost maturity for 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenites, manure of livestock and poultry
Fertilizer obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio, are pressed
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and feeding by 5 mass ratio
Material carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 6
By dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to 1.2:1:0.4:0.4 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains
Improve soil, dry land soil is not sowed crop during dry field and digged 2 times for the paddy soils that is taken after agricultural drain dry field April, fiery
Loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil according to 1:2.5 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich is mixed
Material is that 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity, poultry
Muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate by 1 mass ratio,
According to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio, by the product of fermentation and
Feed carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
The improvement soil produced in above-described embodiment 3~6, acid-base value and fertility are all particularly suitable for the production of common vetch dish, because
This, the common vetch dish shoot survival percent of transplanting is high, and fertilizer efficiency persistently improves the yield of common vetch dish, and wherein Organic Selenium can effectively be inhaled by common vetch dish
It receives, improves the organic selenium content in finished product common vetch dish.
Embodiment 7
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 8
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
Embodiment 9
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites warp
Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:1 mass ratio crushes sorghum, wheat, soybean mixed
Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C by 5 mass ratio
The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
It is larger to the loss of soil after common vetch dish grows harvesting every year, thus it is annual need to soil carry out fertility supplement and
Acid-base value is adjusted, and the selenium-rich clay fertilizer produced in above-described embodiment 7~9, acid-base value is higher than the normal growth conditions of common vetch dish,
It uses, effectively the acid-base value of soil can be adjusted, while supplementing fertility and Organic Selenium before bedding herbage and leaf, ensured
The annual high yield output of selenium-rich common vetch dish.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, after knowing content described in the present invention, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also be made several
Same transformation and replacement, these convert and substitute on an equal basis and also should be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, refers in the side of farmland joint implant common vetch dish and tea oil tree
Method specifically includes following operating procedure：
Step 1：By 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, the ridging shape in farmland
The first ridge into strips and the second ridge, the first and second ridge it is interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ridge ground is more than
The height on the first ridge ground, the second ridge for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be drought
Field soil, peat soil, selenium-rich batch mixing and fiery loam according to（1~1.2）：1：（0.4~0.8）：（0.2~0.4）Weight ratio mixing
Preparation obtains, and for dry land soil by the paddy soils that are taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, fiery loam is that stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds are burnt
At fire ash with forest land soil according to 1:2~3 weight ratio mixed preparing obtains；Selenium-rich batch mixing be 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime,
4.0kg poultry mucks, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenites are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge side be arranged holder, branch
The sparge pipe of horizontal shape arrangement is set on frame, is arranged at intervals with nozzle on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe, the water outlet direction of nozzle refers to obliquely
To the first ridge；
Step 2：3~April of First Year excavates the planting hole of 50~55cm depths on the second ridge on the ground, by 2~triennial tea oil tree tree
Seedling is planted in planting hole, and one layer of soil, one layer of base manure backfills planting hole, and the 20d after the plantation of tea oil tree sapling pours one
Secondary dilute rich water, 2% urea and 0.2% potassium chloride are contained in dilute rich water, and base manure is the green manure of 10 parts by weight, the lime of 2 parts by weight, 15
The mixing of the cake fertilizer of the poultry muck of parts by weight and 8 parts by weight is decomposed to be obtained；Tree stump periphery when August part in tea oil tree opens up annular
Slot, applies 100g nitrogenous fertilizer in annular groove, and tea oil tree Post flowering carries out flower thinning；The same year autumn by artificial propagation/wild
Common vetch dish seedling on the first ridge, transplanted on the ground by interval, and is poured water in furrow, and the water surface elevation in furrow is at least below first
The ground level 18cm on ridge ground stopped irrigating and in one layer of leaf of earth's surface bedding on the first ridge ground after the Frost's Descent；
Step 3：Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open nozzle into
The mist of 3~5min of row sprays, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；Pinching is carried out along the high 100~110cm of tea oil tree, is adopted
Shaping is carried out to tea oil tree with natural open centre shape training type, retains 5~7 major branches on trunk, and on the second ridge of foot couple in March
Turn over whole and apply 500g nitrogenous fertilizer at tree root, annular groove is opened up on the tree stump periphery of tea oil tree when October, in annular groove
Interior application 500g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 2kg biological organic fertilizers, tea oil tree Post flowering carry out flower thinning；Second year autumn is on the first and second ridge
On broadcast sowing Chinese milk vetch, cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation receipts and leaf together bedding the first ridge ground earth's surface,
It is turned on the spot after two ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturations and is buried, stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent；Since second year, annual Chinese milk vetch and leaf
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before bedding, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is to spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg to the first ridge per acre,
Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry mucks, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenites through compost maturity
It obtains；
Step 4：Since third year, repeat to operate as follows every year：Start to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and common vetch dish is applied in 3, April
Primary to help bud fertile, night opens the mist spray that nozzle carries out 3~5min daily after bract bud, is picked 3~4 times to common vetch dish for 4~May；
Tie rod is carried out to tea oil tree major branch so that the angle between major branch and trunk is 40~45 °, is trimmed to the side shoot on major branch
And trim so that the tip height of major branch is no more than 3.5m, every plant of application 800g nitrogenous fertilizer, was applied for every plant when October before newly slightly sprouting
Add 800g phosphorus potash fertilizers and 5kg biological organic fertilizers；Tea oil tree fruit expanding period applies fruit tree punching fertilising, the spray of tea oil tree fructescence
Spill organic selenium fertilizer；Autumn broadcasts sowing Chinese milk vetch on the ground on the first and second ridge, and receipts and leaf are cut after the first ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation
It is turned over after the second ridge ground Chinese milk vetch maturation and is buried in the earth's surface on the first ridge ground by bedding on the spot together, stops irrigating after the Frost's Descent；
Poultry muck obtains with the following method：According to 6:3:Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed and are hybridly prepared by 1 mass ratio
Fermentation substrate, according to 1:Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate mixing are added water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, will sent out by 5 mass ratio
The product and feed of ferment carry out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.
2. the method for realization according to claim 1 joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, it is characterised in that：First ridge
Height be 25~30cm, the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, and the height on the second ridge ground is 45~50cm, the second ridge ground
Width is 1.4~2m.
3. the method for realization according to claim 1 joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland, it is characterised in that：The bud fertilizer is helped to be
50kg fire loam and 10L people and animals' urines are prepared to obtain.
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