CN104285627A - Flue-cured tobacco wide-narrow row high-low ridge planting method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco wide-narrow row high-low ridge planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104285627A CN104285627A CN201410426849.5A CN201410426849A CN104285627A CN 104285627 A CN104285627 A CN 104285627A CN 201410426849 A CN201410426849 A CN 201410426849A CN 104285627 A CN104285627 A CN 104285627A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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Abstract
The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco wide-narrow row high-low ridge planting method. According to the method, plants are distributed alternatively in wide and narrow rows and high and low ridges and plant distance is determined, wherein the row distance of the wide rows is 110-120 cm, the row distance of the narrow rows is 75-95 cm, the height of wide row ridges is 25-30 cm, the width of the ridge surfaces of the wide row ridges is 60-80 cm, the height of narrow row ridges is 10-20 cm, and the width of the ridge surfaces of the narrow row ridges is 30-40 cm. The aim of optimizing flue-cured tobacco group structures is achieved, ventilation and light-permeable conditions of tobacco leaves on the upper portion and on the lower portion are improved, temperature and humidity conditions of soil are adjusted, and disease and pest infection of flue-cured tobacco is effectively prevented.
Description
technical field:
The invention belongs to tobacco planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods optimizing tobacco planting group structure, the particularly implantation methods of flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges.
background technology:
Current cigarette district cured tobacco production, in order to improve quality of tobacco, is carried out specialized concentrated nursery, is promoted floating seedlings, seedling nursing in shallow water and heel in seedling raising manners; Carry out single file high ridge, first use sufficient base manure, then carry out ridging.Require that ridge body is full, straight, ridge bottom width 80 ~ 90cm, ridge face width 60 ~ 70cm, non-irrigated more than rib height 25cm, rice field ridge more than height 30cm, unified culturable standard; Transplanting distance between rows and hills requires as 1.2m × 0.45m or 1.1m × 0.50m transplants, about the strain of every mu of cultivation cigarette 1200.This technology prolongation flue-cured tobacco breeding time, give full play in the individual yield potential of cigarette strain very effective.But in actual leaf tobacco production practice, planting density is many at 1000-1100 plant/acre, and what have has even dropped to less than 1000 plants/acre.This tobacco planting technical system that is distinguishing feature with " large thin planting, the large fertilizer of flood, changes colony with individuality, change space with the time ", individual plant yield and quality obtains and gives full play to.But also there is following problem:
1, large cigarette is more, in a cigarette few, have impact on presentation quality and the inherent quality of tobacco leaf.
2, vega group structure is not good enough, and bottom cigarette ventilates, light transmission condition is poor, and tobacco leaf weather spot, false ripe leaf are many, and yield and quality is inferior; Upper leaf is long, wide, blocked up, availability and of poor quality.
3, upper leaf maturation time late and the time long, much in friendship maturation after autumn, affect normal mature and the quality of tobacco leaf, and tikka disease is more.
4, line-spacing standard all the same as ridge height, is subject to the impact of the natural calamities such as drought damage caused by waterlogging.
5, the planting density of tobacco leaf is not easily improved.Line-spacing is narrow, and tobacco grower's inconvenience is gathered; Spacing in the rows is little, affects the growth of tobacco leaf with ripe.
For conscientiously changing tobacco leaf development pattern, strengthen sound tobacco effective supply ability, improve tobacco leaf degree structure, according to destroy 3 low order lower tobacco leafs with abandon roasting do not hack top and B4F, B3L and to bend down etc. tobacco leaf totally 14 grade tobacco leaves do not purchase and the requirement such as the continuous change of tobacco leaf supply-demand relationship and Optimizing Tobacco structure, in the urgent need to seeking a kind of implantation methods optimizing tobacco planting group structure to improve tobacco production and value amount.
Wide-narrow row planting technology has a lot of application in the plantation of the various plants such as mulberry tree, sugarcane, carrot, paddy rice, rape and willow, this technology can regulate the microclimate of plantation soil block effectively, give full play to the yield potential between plant individual and colony, thus reach the object increasing economic benefit.But seldom adopt on tobacco, only have the planting requirement wide-and narrow-row of Turkish tobaccos, this planting technology that to be exactly Zimbabwe's leaf tobacco production be in addition adopts.But above-mentioned implantation methods only adopts wide-narrow row planting, the planting technology that wide-and narrow-row is combined with uneven ridges kind is at home and abroad not reported or applies.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art and according to scientific research in recent years with to cigarette district productive embankment result, provide the implantation methods can optimized tobacco planting group structure, raising quality of tobacco and output, effectively contain the flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges that damage by disease and insect infects.
The object of the invention is to realize in the following manner: a kind of implantation methods of flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges, comprises the following steps:
(1) determine line-spacing: line-spacing is alternately arranged with narrow row line-spacing 75-95 centimetre apart from 110-120 centimetre by wide every trade, i.e. wide-and narrow-row arrangement.
(2) determine ridge height and face, ridge: wide row ridge height 25-30 centimetre, ridge face width 60-80 centimetre, narrow row ridge height 10-20 centimetre, ridge face width 30-40 centimetre, namely uneven ridges is alternately arranged.
(3) determine spacing in the rows and density: spacing in the rows is 45-55 centimetre, density 1270 plants/acre.
Step (1) and wide row high ridge ridger ridging in (2), narrow row low ridge rotovator ridging.Also can artificial ridging.
In step (2), the thinner non-irrigated rib of wide row is high 25 centimetres, ridge face width 60 centimetres, and narrow row ridge is high 10 centimetres, ridge face width 30 centimetres.
Step (1), (2) are equal to conventional leaf tobacco production with fertilizing amount in (3) with fertilizing method.
Preferred version of the present invention is:
(1) determine line-spacing: line-spacing is alternately arranged with narrow row line-spacing 90 centimetres apart from 120 centimetres by wide every trade, i.e. wide-and narrow-row arrangement.
(2) determine ridge height and face, ridge: wide row ridge is high 30 centimetres, ridge face width 70 centimetres, and narrow row ridge is high 15 centimetres, and ridge face width 40 centimetres, namely uneven ridges is alternately arranged.
(3) determine spacing in the rows and density: spacing in the rows is 50 centimetres, density 1270 plants/acre.
The implantation methods of flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges provided by the present invention can optimize tobacco planting group structure, relies on individual plant cigarette and optimize structure to obtain high-quality and fit compared with the production method of product with the leaf tobacco production of current cigarette district routine, it is advantageous that:
1, by optimizing tobacco planting group structure, during tobacco growth, the condition such as warm phosgene water is good, and improve field weather and soil condition, tobacco growth is fast, grows early.
2, density is up to 1270 plants/acre, and in cigarette strain, tobacco leaf high-quality is suitable produces.
3, wide-and narrow-row improves planting density and is convenient to gather.
4, uneven ridges have adjusted the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tobacco leaf group structure particularly inferior leads, improves the quality of bottom cigarette, decreases bottom cigarette Optimizing Tobacco structure recruitment; Have adjusted the temperature and humidity conditions of soil, decrease fertilizer loss; Have adjusted the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tobacco leaf group structure particularly upper leaf, improve the quality of upper smoke, decrease the recruitment of upper smoke Optimizing Tobacco structure.
5, wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition of top and the bottom leaf, have adjusted the temperature and humidity conditions of soil, and flue-cured tobacco damage by disease and insect infects effectively is contained.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges of the present invention is alternately arranged schematic diagram.
L
1: wide every trade is apart from l
2: narrow row line-spacing h
1: wide row ridge height h
2: narrow row ridge is high
A
1: wide row ridge face width a
2: narrow row ridge face width.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is apart from l according to wide every trade
1: 120L centimetre and narrow row line-spacing l
2: 90 centimetres are alternately arranged to determine line-spacing; By wide row ridge height h
1: 30 centimetres, wide row ridge face width a
1: 70 centimetres, narrow row ridge height h
2: 15 centimetres, narrow row ridge face width a
2: 40 centimetres of uneven ridges are alternately arranged to determine ridge height and face, ridge, and be 50 centimetres by spacing in the rows, density 1270 plants/acre determines spacing in the rows and density.
specific experiment data
experimental data group 1
The relation research of flue-cured tobacco mode of planting density and clay fertilizer water and flue-cured tobacco yield and quality
1. experimental scheme
1.1 test sites: phoenix thousand work level ground.
1.2 for examination material
(1) for examination material
:the fertilizer special for tobacco that local leaf tobacco production uses.
(2) experimental cultivar: local main breed cloud and mist 87.
1.3 experimental field select
Require middle fertility, fertility is evenly distributed, and illumination and irrigation condition well, were not carried out fertilizer test in nearly 2 years, and can be represented the plot, non-lesion of this district's In The Soils.
1.4 experimental scheme
6 process are established in test.
Process of the present invention:
(1) wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges ridging, wide row 120cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 70cm, narrow row 90cm, ridge height 15cm, row spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Density 1270 strain.
Control group process:
(2) conventional distance between rows and hills (120cm*50cm, ridge height 30cm) ridging density manner; Density 1111 strain.
(3) wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges ridging, wide row 120cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 70cm, narrow row 110cm, ridge height 25cm, row spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Density 1159 strain.
(4) wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges ridging, wide row 120cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 70cm, narrow row 100cm, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Density 1212 strain.
(5) upright row ridging, distance between rows and hills 70cm*70cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 50cm; Density 1361 strain.
(6) wide-and narrow-row ridging in length and breadth, distance between rows and hills 80cm*60cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 50cm; Density 1389 strain.
Repeat for 3 times, 18 communities, random process arranges, and other farming operates, and performs by " flue-cured tobacco standardized production technical scheme in 2014 ".
2. test requirements document
2.1 respectively at before fertilising and after transplanting 30,60,90d random acquisition respectively processes the soil sample 1kg of two strain cigarette center position 5 ~ 20cm soil layers on cigarette ridge.
2.2 do field management well, keep the uniformity of land for growing field crops farming operation.
2.3 according to test requirements document, guarantees the baking of tobacco leaf timely collecting, science, standard grading and sampling.During each process is got, tobacco leaf (C3F and the B2F) 1Kg of the representational grade in top is for attributional analysis and tobacco leaf Analysis of Nutritive Composition.
2.4 calculate and relatively more each production cost, economic benefit processed.
3. observe record project
3.1 record main growing stage (transplanting time, initial bloom stage, Topping Stage, beginning adopt the phase, adopt phase, growing stage eventually); The field growing way appearance that tobacco growing is grown, a situation arises and the ripe situation of tobacco leaf for main diseases and insect pests.
Representative cigarette strain 5 strain is chosen in 3.2 every communities, records main growing stage economical character and [transplants latter 35 days (group's phase) cigarette strain plant height, stem girth, effective blade number, maximum leaf area; Transplant latter about 60 days (initial bloom stage) cigarette strain plant heights, stem girth, the number of blade, middle leaf length and width; Maturing stage economical character (after pinching plant height, stem girth, effectively leaves remained, upper, middle and lower portion leaf length and width)].
3.3 record each process physical characteristic (containing stalk rate, weight per leaf, vane thickness, hacking rate).
3.4 record each process presentation quality (maturity, blade construction, oil content, identity, gloss).
During 3.5 picking and roastings, single receipts are singly adopted in each community, separately baking, classification, weigh, and calculate respective output, the output value, first-class cigarette, medium grade cigarette ratio etc.
4. sample detection
4.1 soil nutrient elements and moisture: N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, moisture.
4.2 soil chemical characteritics: measure Soil Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic, pH value.
4.3 tobacco leaf nutritive elements: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn.
The inherent composition of 4.4 tobacco leaves: total Soluble Sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine.
Adopt the method for the invention to obtain good effect, concrete data are in table 1, table 2.
Table 1 different implantation methods yield of tobacco quality and constituent ratio thereof are comparatively
Table 2 different implantation methods damage by disease and insect incidence and the recruitment of Optimizing Tobacco structure are compared
Plant height in table 1, the number of blade, weight per leaf are that two kinds of implantation methods repeat respectively to get 3 sample points by 3 times, often 10 strains, the investigation result of totally 30 strains; Upper medium grade cigarette ratio, average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value are the result that two kinds of implantation methods field actual cuts are paid.
Damage by disease and insect incidence in table 2 is front field actual observation result of gathering after pinching.
Other four process experimental results not as good as conventional method, therefore exclude in tables of data.
experimental data group 2
Different Fertilization implantation methods is on flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of fertilizer and yield and quality impact
1. experimental scheme
1.1 test sites: phoenix thousand work level ground.
1.2 for examination material
(1) for examination material
:the fertilizer special for tobacco that local leaf tobacco production uses.
(2) experimental cultivar: local main breed cloud and mist 87.
1.3 experimental field select
Require middle fertility, fertility is evenly distributed, and illumination and irrigation condition well, were not carried out fertilizer test in nearly 2 years, and can be represented the plot, non-lesion of this district's In The Soils.
1.4 experimental scheme
5 process are established in test.
Process of the present invention
(1) wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges ridging+conventional fertilizer application amount, wide row 120cm, ridge height 30cm, row spacing 70cm, narrow row 90cm, ridge height 15cm, row spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm; Density 1270 strain.
(2) conventional production
(3) two bar broadbands basal dressing+conventional fertilizer application amount.
(4) two bar broadbands basal dressing+95% conventional fertilizer application amount.
(5) two bar broadbands basal dressing+90% conventional fertilizer application amount.
Repeat for 3 times, random process arranges, and other farming operates, and performs by " flue-cured tobacco standardized production technical scheme in 2014 ".
2. test requirements document
2.1 respectively process the soil sample 1kg of 5 ~ 20cm soil layer immediately below the soil sample 1kg of two strain cigarette center position 5 ~ 20cm soil layers on cigarette ridge and cigarette strain respectively at random acquisition before fertilising and after adopting roasting end.
2.2 do field management well, keep the uniformity of land for growing field crops farming operation.
2.3 according to test requirements document, guarantees the baking of tobacco leaf timely collecting, science, standard grading and sampling.During each process is got, tobacco leaf (C3F and the B2F) 1Kg of the representational grade in top smokes panel test for attributional analysis and tobacco leaf.
2.4 calculate and relatively more each production cost, economic benefit processed.
3. observe record project
3.1 record main growing stage (transplanting time, initial bloom stage, Topping Stage, beginning adopt the phase, adopt phase, growing stage eventually); The field growing way appearance that tobacco growing is grown, a situation arises and the ripe situation of tobacco leaf for main diseases and insect pests.
Representative cigarette strain 5 strain is chosen in 3.2 every communities, records main growing stage economical character and [transplants latter 35 days (group's phase) cigarette strain plant height, stem girth, effective blade number, maximum leaf area; Transplant latter about 60 days (initial bloom stage) cigarette strain plant heights, stem girth, the number of blade, middle leaf length and width; Maturing stage economical character (after pinching plant height, stem girth, effectively leaves remained, upper, middle and lower portion leaf length and width)].
3.3 record each process physical characteristic (containing stalk rate, weight per leaf, vane thickness, hacking rate).
3.4 record each process presentation quality (maturity, blade construction, oil content, identity, gloss).
During 3.5 picking and roastings, single receipts are singly adopted in each community, separately baking, classification, weigh, and calculate respective output, the output value, first-class cigarette, medium grade cigarette ratio etc.
4. sample detection
4.1 soil physical properties: measure the bulk density of soil, porosity, moisture content.
4.2 soil chemical characteritics: measure Soil Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic, medium trace element and pH value.
The inherent ingredient analysis of 4.3 tobacco leaves: total Soluble Sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine.
Adopt the method for the invention to obtain good effect, concrete data are in table 3, table 4.
Table 3 different implantation methods yield of tobacco quality and constituent ratio thereof are comparatively
Table 4 different implantation methods damage by disease and insect incidence and the recruitment of Optimizing Tobacco structure are compared
Plant height in table 3, the number of blade, weight per leaf are that two kinds of implantation methods repeat respectively to get 3 sample points by 3 times, often 10 strains, the investigation result of totally 30 strains; Upper medium grade cigarette ratio, average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value are the result that two kinds of implantation methods field actual cuts are paid.
Damage by disease and insect incidence in table 4 is front field actual observation result of gathering after pinching.
Other four process experimental results not as good as conventional method, therefore exclude in tables of data.
Result display in sum, compared with plant with conventional leaf tobacco production, the plantation of wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges had not only optimized tobacco planting group structure but also can reduce the generation of the tikka diseases such as weather spot, the quantity and quality of raising flue-cured tobacco.
Claims (2)
1. an implantation methods for flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) determine line-spacing: line-spacing is alternately arranged with narrow row line-spacing 75-95 centimetre apart from 110-120 centimetre by wide every trade, i.e. wide-and narrow-row arrangement;
(2) determine ridge height and face, ridge: wide row ridge height 25-30 centimetre, ridge face width 60-80 centimetre, narrow row ridge height 10-20 centimetre, ridge face width 30-40 centimetre, namely uneven ridges is alternately arranged;
(3) determine spacing in the rows and density: spacing in the rows is 45-55 centimetre, density 1270 plants/acre.
2. the implantation methods of a kind of flue-cured tobacco wide-and narrow-row uneven ridges according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preferred version is:
(1) determine line-spacing: line-spacing is alternately arranged with narrow row line-spacing 90 centimetres apart from 120 centimetres by wide every trade, i.e. wide-and narrow-row arrangement;
(2) determine ridge height and face, ridge: wide row ridge is high 30 centimetres, ridge face width 70 centimetres, and narrow row ridge is high 15 centimetres, ridge face width 40 centimetres, and namely uneven ridges is alternately arranged;
(3) determine spacing in the rows and density: spacing in the rows is 50 centimetres, density 1270 plants/acre.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686167A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-10 | 安庆万草千木农业科技有限公司 | Method for achieving united interplanting of tea-oil trees in farmland |
| CN104756712A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-08 | 安庆万草千木农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese herbal medicine through improved farmland |
| CN109691373A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-30 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco water-saving cultivation method |
| CN111972240A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-24 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104686167A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-10 | 安庆万草千木农业科技有限公司 | Method for achieving united interplanting of tea-oil trees in farmland |
| CN104686167B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-07-17 | 九江市云山油茶科技发展有限公司 | A method of realizing the joint interplanting tea oil tree in farmland |
| CN104756712A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-08 | 安庆万草千木农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese herbal medicine through improved farmland |
| CN104756712B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-03-02 | 德兴市百草园生态健康养生有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improved farmland and be used for medicinal material |
| CN109691373A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-30 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco water-saving cultivation method |
| CN111972240A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-24 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method |
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