CN109479593A - A kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method - Google Patents

A kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109479593A
CN109479593A CN201710809168.0A CN201710809168A CN109479593A CN 109479593 A CN109479593 A CN 109479593A CN 201710809168 A CN201710809168 A CN 201710809168A CN 109479593 A CN109479593 A CN 109479593A
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branch
wild
fosters
plant
forsythia
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申俊平
杨变芳
闫光明
吕皎
赵娟
申江波
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wild forsythia high yields to foster propagation method, includes the following steps: (1), whole hole: choosing the soil that growth has wild forsythia, fish-scale pit site preparation, the unweathered rubble ridge building of outer rim in hole are carried out around Wild plant;(2), it fosters rejuvenation: 8 years or more Wild plants being carried out to foster rejuvenation;(3), increase strain: in the wild forsythia distributed area insufficient place of density, increasing plant spacing, and referring to sample wild forsythia kind, configure short style or long style Fructus Forsythiae;(4), it covers: selecting small flag, or cover pitted surface soil moisture conservation getting fat with weeds, wormwood artemisia class;(5), it applies fertilizer: every hole 15 ~ 20kg of manuring or cake fertilizer 1kg.Compared with prior art, the present invention promotes the yield of wild forsythia on the whole.

Description

A kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivations of Fructus Forsythiae, and in particular to a kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method.
Background technique
Fructus Forsythiae is Oleaceae Forsythia Vahl machaka, and alias connects shell, blueness sticks up.Fructus Forsythiae is distributed mainly on the Liao Dynasty, China in the whole nation On the south peaceful, Hunan northern area, be distributed mainly on the Taihang Mountain middle and south to Luliang Mountains south in Shanxi, be grown on height above sea level 400- In the native tor and crack of stone of 1600m, sparse woods and shrubbery.It integrates medicinal, the ornamental and ecological value.In recent years, market Fructus Forsythiae medicinal product demand is significantly increased, Fructus Forsythiae industry development is swift and violent, and wild forsythia increasingly becomes Distribution Area peasant One important industry of increase wealth.
Biological characteristics: sprouting ability is strong, pile or the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches after stump, can breed germinating, increases divide quickly The quantity of strain increases distribution range.The growth year after year of Fructus Forsythiae branch is not strong, substitutes than very fast, after germinating branch sends forth branches, gradually Curving outward, clump height and branch stent degree all ages and classes phase change are little.With the increase of the age of tree, germinate on branch and germinating branch The brachyplast of sending, growth are reduced year by year, and brachyplast switchs to horizontal growth by oblique growth.So while plant is constantly taken out Raw new brachyplast, but height maintains essentially in a level.The result age of branch is shorter, and 8-12 is result peak period.
Pingshun County be Shanxi Province's wild forsythia main product one of, 10, whole county small towns is distributed, about 500,000 mu of area, In can harvest area at 250,000 mu or so, the overwhelming majority is grown in the relatively thin Schattenseite of soil layer, half Schattenseite, half tailo.Due to growth Land occupation condition is poor, has inconvenient traffic, and is in nature growth conditions mostly, specific yield is low, and availability is low, picking is at high cost.Mesh Before, it is domestic very few to a series of synthetical development technology management study of wild forsythia, not yet propose a kind of wild company of complete set It sticks up high yield and fosters propagation method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: a kind of wild forsythia high yield for providing a kind of raising wild forsythia yield fosters breeding side Method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method, including as follows Step:
(1), whole hole: choosing the soil that growth has wild forsythia, fish-scale pit site preparation is carried out around Wild plant, hole bottom is lower than original Slope surface, specification 100 ~ 120cm × 70 ~ 90cm × 10 ~ 30cm, the unweathered rubble ridge building of outer rim in hole, height 20 ~ Periphery surface soil is entered hole by 30cm, and subsoil piles up the outside in hole, in conjunction with the original plant position in periphery, it is outer it is high in it is low, for soil conservation, Water storage;
(2), it fosters rejuvenation: 8 years or more Wild plants being carried out to foster rejuvenation;
(3), increase strain: in the wild forsythia distributed area insufficient place of density, increasing plant spacing, supply 110 plants/clump, and join Wild forsythia kind in the same old way configures short style or long style Fructus Forsythiae, according to the seeding row spacing of 2m × 3m, according to landform, isosceles triangle row Column plant;
(4), it covers: selecting small flag, or cover pitted surface soil moisture conservation getting fat with weeds, wormwood artemisia class, and select high 15 ~ 25cm, long by 25 ~ The stone of 35cm erects at away from 5 ~ 10cm of plant southwestward, to reduce direct sunlight, reduces the evaporation of its rhizosphere soil moisture;
(5), apply fertilizer: every hole 15 ~ 20kg of manuring or cake fertilizer 1kg, 1 year dose of every plant of plant are no more than 25g, several times Application, every plant of each dosage are no more than 10g;Top dressing 1 time before spring blooms;0.2% boric acid of Spraying in the flowering stage.
Preferably: the rejuvenation of fostering of step (2) includes:
A, valueless branch fosters rejuvenation: by sick branch, dry up branch, thin and delicate branch, and overstocked branch is overlapped branch and the unworthy secateurs of interior thorax It goes, against the raw branch weight cutting back at interior thorax inanition position, is cultivated into fruitful branch, form fruitful branch group for updating tree crown;
B, the branch of excessive growth fosters rejuvenation: disabling tree for aging tree or one side of something, carries out pinching in time and inspire branch, and aside stand The protection of pillar bolting tree, it is undesirable for growing way, it is corrected using shield pulling method,
C, stump fosters rejuvenation: 4~7 eugonic side shoots of every clump of holding, cultivates into major branch, selects and remain 3- on major branch later 4 vigorous branches are cultivated into secondary main branch, are trimmed by pinching, and short hat, interior empty outer circle, ventilation and penetrating light are formed it into.
Preferably: increased plant is planted using flat pile things on seedling planting method in step (3).
Preferably: each hole also applies phosphate fertilizer in step (5).
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
One, by soil conservation technology of catchmenting, the congenital fertility deficiency of wild forsythia plant, the situation of water deficient are solved.
Two, by fostering rejuvenation technique, solve that thin and delicate wild forsythia branch disorder, nutrient waste, apex be weak, result Grain number dissipate and less, the situation of low output and shakiness.
Three, pass through encryption Synergistic technique.Solve that Fructus Forsythiae is unevenly distributed, density is small, scale and benefit are not prominent, picks cost The situation of increase.
Four, the yield of wild forsythia is promoted on the whole.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is carried out below further It is described in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair It is bright.
Embodiment one:
1, soil conservation of catchmenting technology
It is poor that the domestic wild forsythia in Pingshun County is distributed in land occupation condition mostly, barren soil, drought, and the insufficient mountainous region of fertility is waste On slope, plant root nutrition area is small, and water-retaining effect ability is poor.Cause plant nutrition bad, growth potential is weak, inefficiencies.Needle To such situation, research sums up soil conservation technology of catchmenting, and solves the shape of the congenital fertility deficiency of wild forsythia plant, water deficient Condition.
(1) whole hole measure.Fish-scale pit site preparation is carried out around original plant, hole bottom is lower than former slope surface, keep it is horizontal or to Introversion is recessed, specification 120cm × 90cm × 30cm, outer rim unweathered rubble ridge building, the height 20cm in hole.By periphery table Soil enters hole, and subsoil piles up the outside in hole, low in outer height in conjunction with the original plant position in periphery, is used for soil conservation, water storage.
(2) covering methods.Cave face is covered with flag or weeds wormwood artemisia class etc., reduces evaporation from land.Specific method is to take on the spot Material selects small flag, and cave face is covered centered on nursery stock, or covers the soil moisture conservation getting fat of cave face with weeds, wormwood artemisia class nearby, and select height 15cm or so, the stone of long 25cm or so erect at away from treelet southwestward 5cm, to reduce direct sunlight, reduce its Rhizosphere Soil The evaporation of earth moisture.
(3) rational application of fertilizer.In the case of condition license, every hole at least manuring 15kg or cake fertilizer 1kg is also answered when having ready conditions Phosphate fertilizer is added, in favor of root of hair and result.Every 1 year dose of young plant does not exceed 25g, and best multiple applications, every plant every time Dosage does not exceed 10g.Spring bloom before can be top dressing 1 time.0.2% boric acid of Spraying in the flowering stage, effect of increasing production are obvious.
, foster rejuvenation technique
Wild forsythia is largely distributed in and has inconvenient traffic, on topography steep hills slope, extensive management even unattended, and old branch More, unreasonable picking causes the branch of excessive growth more, and fruitful branch is few, and percentage of fertile fruit is low.The general normal growth of Fructus Forsythiae 8 to 12 years are the best fruiting period, 12 Nian Houwei declining periods, and the wild forsythia age of tree in the county is most of at 10 years or more, should timely update rejuvenation, restoration ecosystem Gesture increases fruitful branch, increases the yield per unit area and quality.For the result status of the different age of trees, research, which has summed up, is fostered Rejuvenation technique, solve that wild forsythia branch disorder is thin and delicate, nutrient waste, apex are weak, result grain number dissipates and less, low output and Unstable situation.
(1) valueless branch fosters rejuvenation.By sick branch, dry up branch, thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, is overlapped branch and interior thorax is valueless Secateurs go, against the raw branch weight cutting back at interior thorax inanition position, cultivated into fruitful branch, for updating tree crown formation result Branch group.
(2) branch of excessive growth fosters rejuvenation.Some aging trees or one side of something are disabled tree, and often its base portion and root are also very healthy and strong, Can from base portion and the branch of excessive growth of root pumping stalwartness several, this creates good condition to tree crown update, can carry out in time Pinching inspires branch, and aside stands the protection of pillar bolting tree, splits disconnected branch etc. with radix saposhnikoviae, crushing by snow, undesirable to some growing ways, also It can be corrected using the methods of shield drawing.
(3) stump fosters rejuvenation.The sprouting ability of Fructus Forsythiae is strong, and pile or the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches after stump can breed germinating, compared with Increase the quantity of plant division fastly, increases distribution range.4 eugonic side shoots of every clump of holding are cultivated into major branch.Later in master 3 vigorous branches are selected and remain on branch to cultivate into secondary main branch, are trimmed by pinching, and short hat, interior empty outer circle, ventilation and penetrating light, culture are formed it into The natural open centre shape branch group brightly lit at bough, sprig is noisy.
, increase strain Synergistic technique
Domestic wild forsythia distribution is scattered random, and area is small in flakes for concentration, and unit area utilization ratio is low, and specific yield is low.For Such situation, research have summed up encryption Synergistic technique.Solve that Fructus Forsythiae is unevenly distributed, density is small, scale and benefit do not protrude, is adopted Pluck the situation of cost increase.
In the wild forsythia distributed area insufficient place of density in a manner of increasing unit area plant spacing, cover contact pin, Increase plant spacing, supply 110 plants (clumps), uses " flat pile things on seedling planting method " when plant.Forsythia Vahl homophyletic self-sterility simultaneously Plant, self-pollination setting percentage is extremely low, accounts for about 4%, shaky if individually transplanting long style or short style Fructus Forsythiae.Referring to sample Wild forsythia kind (long style or short style) has selection to configure short style or long style Fructus Forsythiae in proportion, according to 2m × 3m's Seeding row spacing, according to landform, isosceles triangle arrangement plant.The big plot of planting area can not consider original Fructus Forsythiae kind, by the florescence one It causes, the long style plantation alternate with short style Fructus Forsythiae plant that pollen amount is big.
Embodiment two:
(1), whole hole: choosing the soil that growth has wild forsythia, fish-scale pit site preparation is carried out around Wild plant, hole bottom is lower than original Slope surface, specification 100cm × 70cm × 10cm, the unweathered rubble ridge building of outer rim in hole, height 30cm enter periphery surface soil Hole, subsoil piles up the outside in hole, low in outer height in conjunction with the original plant position in periphery, is used for soil conservation, water storage;
(2), it fosters rejuvenation: 8 years or more Wild plants being carried out to foster rejuvenation;
(3), increase strain: in the wild forsythia distributed area insufficient place of density, increasing plant spacing, supply 110 plants/clump, and join Wild forsythia kind in the same old way configures short style or long style Fructus Forsythiae, according to the seeding row spacing of 2m × 3m, according to landform, isosceles triangle row Column plant;
(4), it covers: selecting small flag, or cover pitted surface soil moisture conservation getting fat with weeds, wormwood artemisia class, and select high 25cm, the stone of long 35cm Block erects at away from plant southwestward 10cm, to reduce direct sunlight, reduces the evaporation of its rhizosphere soil moisture;
(5), apply fertilizer: every hole manuring 20kg or cake fertilizer 1kg, 1 year dose of every plant of plant are no more than 25g, apply several times With every plant of each dosage is no more than 10g;Top dressing 1 time before spring blooms;0.2% boric acid of Spraying in the flowering stage.
The rejuvenation of fostering of step (2) includes:
A, valueless branch fosters rejuvenation: by sick branch, dry up branch, thin and delicate branch, and overstocked branch is overlapped branch and the unworthy secateurs of interior thorax It goes, against the raw branch weight cutting back at interior thorax inanition position, is cultivated into fruitful branch, form fruitful branch group for updating tree crown;
B, the branch of excessive growth fosters rejuvenation: disabling tree for aging tree or one side of something, carries out pinching in time and inspire branch, and aside stand The protection of pillar bolting tree, it is undesirable for growing way, it is corrected using shield pulling method,
C, stump fosters rejuvenation: 7 eugonic side shoots of every clump of holding, cultivates into major branch, selects and remain 4 on major branch later and strengthens Branch is cultivated into secondary main branch, is trimmed by pinching, and short hat, interior empty outer circle, ventilation and penetrating light are formed it into.Remaining is the same as embodiment one.
Test is observed by inefficient transformations in 3 years, under manual intervention, on the basis of average yield per mu 30 kilograms (blueness sticks up) On, mu increases production to 44 kilograms (blueness sticks up), and rate of growth reaches 46.7%.Per kilogram (market price in 2011), mu increment based on 9 yuan 126 yuan.
By the way that Fructus Forsythiae opening sparse, that ginseng time is uneven is transformed, region area of woods will be increased year by year and improve forest Coverage rate not only increases forest land output, and is conducive to improve region miniclimate, reduces disaster caused by a windstorm, fire, freeze injury, water and soil stream The natural calamities such as mistake, meanwhile, with the continuous development of Fructus Forsythiae industry, the border of main producing region, the foot of the hill, Tian Bian, village collect surrounding for shape Webbed Fructus Forsythiae woods forest fireproof isolation strip implements effective protection to other forest reserves, provides for region wild animal Good habitat protects bio-diversity, promotes regional ecological economy coordinated development.
In short, promoting the inefficient transformation comprehensive management technology of wild forsythia, it is the growth conditions that wild forsythia is transformed, increases Land fertility improves the effective technology management measure of the yield and quality of Fructus Forsythiae, and getting rich to provide for producing region increasing peasant income has by force Power technical support and industry guarantee, it is by further thrust zone rural economy spanning development.
Taking the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff is complete Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention Property range is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method, which comprises the steps of:
(1), whole hole: choosing the soil that growth has wild forsythia, fish-scale pit site preparation is carried out around Wild plant, hole bottom is lower than original Slope surface, specification 100 ~ 120cm × 70 ~ 90cm × 10 ~ 30cm, the unweathered rubble ridge building of outer rim in hole, height 20 ~ Periphery surface soil is entered hole by 30cm, and subsoil piles up the outside in hole, in conjunction with the original plant position in periphery, it is outer it is high in it is low, for soil conservation, Water storage;
(2), it fosters rejuvenation: 8 years or more Wild plants being carried out to foster rejuvenation;
(3), increase strain: in the wild forsythia distributed area insufficient place of density, increasing plant spacing, supply 110 plants/clump, and reference Sample ground wild forsythia kind, configures short style or long style Fructus Forsythiae, according to the seeding row spacing of 2m × 3m, according to landform, isosceles triangle arrangement Plant;
(4), it covers: selecting small flag, or cover pitted surface soil moisture conservation getting fat with weeds, wormwood artemisia class, and select high 15 ~ 25cm, long by 25 ~ The stone of 35cm erects at away from 5 ~ 10cm of plant southwestward, to reduce direct sunlight, reduces the evaporation of its rhizosphere soil moisture;
(5), apply fertilizer: every hole 15 ~ 20kg of manuring or cake fertilizer 1kg, 1 year dose of every plant of plant are no more than 25g, several times Application, every plant of each dosage are no more than 10g;Top dressing 1 time before spring blooms;0.2% boric acid of Spraying in the flowering stage.
2. wild forsythia high yield as described in claim 1 fosters propagation method, it is characterised in that: step (2) fosters rejuvenation Include:
A, valueless branch fosters rejuvenation: by sick branch, dry up branch, thin and delicate branch, and overstocked branch is overlapped branch and the unworthy secateurs of interior thorax It goes, against the raw branch weight cutting back at interior thorax inanition position, is cultivated into fruitful branch, form fruitful branch group for updating tree crown;
B, the branch of excessive growth fosters rejuvenation: disabling tree for aging tree or one side of something, carries out pinching in time and inspire branch, and aside stand The protection of pillar bolting tree, it is undesirable for growing way, it is corrected using shield pulling method,
C, stump fosters rejuvenation: 4~7 eugonic side shoots of every clump of holding, cultivates into major branch, select and remain 3 on major branch later ~ 4 vigorous branches are cultivated into secondary main branch, are trimmed by pinching, and short hat, interior empty outer circle, ventilation and penetrating light are formed it into.
3. wild forsythia high yield as described in claim 1 fosters propagation method, it is characterised in that: increased plant in step (3) Strain is planted using flat pile things on seedling planting method.
4. wild forsythia high yield as described in claim 1 fosters propagation method, it is characterised in that: each hole is gone back in step (5) Apply phosphate fertilizer.
CN201710809168.0A 2017-09-10 2017-09-10 A kind of wild forsythia high yield fosters propagation method Pending CN109479593A (en)

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CN111713332A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-09-29 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 Reshaping and trimming method for increasing yield of fructus forsythiae
CN112166922A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-05 河北农业大学 Ecological planting method for forsythia suspense in mountainous areas
CN112243802A (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-01-22 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 Wild fructus forsythiae tending method

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CN110622644A (en) * 2019-10-23 2019-12-31 承德宇航人高山植物应用技术有限责任公司 Configuration of wild goose type fish scale pit water collecting measure in arid region
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CN112166922A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-05 河北农业大学 Ecological planting method for forsythia suspense in mountainous areas
CN112243802A (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-01-22 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 Wild fructus forsythiae tending method

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