CN104920150A - Close planting date garden tree form improving method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a close planting date garden tree form improving method. The method comprises the steps such as secondary trunk cutting, spacing, empty space supplementing, pile reserving and secondary pinching, large core picking, retracting, secondary cutting back, pull branch matching, falling head height controlling and triple purity. According to the red date nutrition growth characteristics and reproductive growth stage characteristics, the core point of the low-yield and low-density date garden improvement in the nutrient growing period is placed on the tree form improvement to increase the photosynthetic area, improve photosynthetic strength and achieve ventilation, light transmitting, reasonable nutrient allocation and high timeliness. The tree form improvement is finished in the end of May, the contradiction for fighting for nutrient between shoots, flower and fruit is relieved, the photosynthate is used for cultivating robust frameworks and enabling blossom and fruiting as much as possible, the difficulty of flower and fruit disease and insect damage and crop smothering preventing is lowered, after the flowering phase is achieved in June, the management measure is concentrated on flower and fruit, and the fruit-setting ratio, the yield, the quality and the production efficiency are improved.

Description

Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method

Technical field

The present invention relates to forestry pruning technique field, be specifically related to a kind of dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method.

Background technology

Jujube tree belongs to highlighter-fastness seeds, and the florescence is long, and breeding time is overlapping, Competition for Nutrients is fierce, and especially dense planting jujube garden setting, fruit retention are more difficult, and high grade producing difficulty is large.Live wild jujube is built garden and is defined different planting densities in recent years, to uprightly growing thickly, high yield skeleton disappearance, nourished and grew prosperous, closing ventilation and penetrating light is poor, expand hat slow, the jujube tree that space availability ratio is low, pass through cutting strunk, density, pluck the large heart, retraction, heavy cutting back, fall head, bud picking, pinching, draw branch, three is clear, specular removal tree structure wavelet is carried out in dormancy season and vegetative growth phase, regulate branches and leaves amount, can not overstocked can not be excessively rare, cultivate rationally tree body and leaf curtain structure, promote ventilation and penetrating light, the consumption of browse to nutrient can be reduced simultaneously, relax the contradiction of fighting for nutrient between young sprout and flowers and fruits, make photosynthetic product as far as possible for cultivating healthy and strong skeleton and yielding positive results, reduce the difficulty of the anti-disease pest and weed of flower and fruit protecting, to expand photosynthetic area, improve photosynthetic intensity, ventilation and penetrating light, reasonable nutrient distribution, improve percentage of fertile fruit, output, quality and production efficiency.

Dense planting jujube garden, because not pruning in the year that trimming and finishing is not in place or have, is caused solely dry upright, send out branch less, to send out branch too high, tree body is got bumper crops skeleton disappearance substantially; Some prunings overweight expansion hat is slow; Some jujube heads are grown thickly, and consume nutrition on foot, affect ventilation and penetrating light; Pay attention to the winter to cut, despise summer pruning, bud picking, pinching, draw branch not in time, nourished and grew prosperous, Secondary Branch is thin and weak, difficulty of bearing fruit; Plant strain growth limited space, for the workload such as cutting back in winter, bud picking pinching in summer that control is nourished and grown and take is increasing, peasant does not also grasp pruning technique, and tree-like cultivation is slow, and effective setting fruit position is few; Ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and jujube fruit is ripe late, and skin skin jujube ratio is high, and poor quality, price are low, and these are all the key factors affecting red date yield and quality.

Summary of the invention

For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of quick, the easy method that May then completes dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method, comprises the steps:

S1, heavy cutting strunk

Many trunks are uprightly grown thickly, solely dry upright, Secondary Branch position is too high, of poor quality, Secondary Branch lazy weight or only have that major branch short covering is difficult, the tree of skeleton disappearance of sending out that branch position is too high, tree body is got bumper crops substantially, stay a trunk, the overhead heavy cutting strunk of 20 centimeters, all the other remove; Budding period selects a healthy and strong bud, and all the other are erased, and vertical rod tie down bracket is fixed, and avoids windbreak, cultivates dry in stalwartness and Secondary Branch;

S2, density

Live Second Year April, by spacing in the rows 0.5 meter of grafting, the cultivation trunk shape within line-spacing 3 meters, line-spacing 4-5 rice is cultivated coronule and is dredged layer shape; To climb the tree, line-spacing 4-5 rice determines to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1.5 meters, cultivation coronule dredges layer shape in life in 3 years; Within within line-spacing 3 meters the 6th year, determine to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1-1.5 rice, change spindle into by trunk shape, remaining is crossed more seedlings and removes;

S3, short covering

One, two layers of major branch quantity are inadequate, lack the position of branch, and before selecting suitable Secondary Branch rudiment, cutting back stays bud or Growing season to utilize the rudiment of the raw Secondary Branch in the side of adjacent major branch, and cultivating new jujube head becomes major branch;

S4, stay a heavy pinching

Put head select and remain except key and the new jujube head of short covering except to short cutting then, for control bizet position, all the other jujube heads sprout heavy pinching when growing to 3 centimetres, pluck 1 centimetre of jujube head, and two jujubes retained on jujube head hang, and cultivate lignification jujube and hang;

S5, pluck the large heart

Before select and remain by the end of May and cultivate key new jujube head, in heavily cutting during dry 8-9 Secondary Branch, remove the Secondary Branch that bottom is the most weak, (two wholeheartedly to stay 5-6 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart, namely two delicate Secondary Branchs and the jujube head growth point of topmost is extractd), master branch stays 3-5 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart when growing to 5-7 Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch is according to growing way and cultivate pinching when tree-like requirement 5-10 saves;

S6, retraction, heavy cutting back

The tree that jujube stock is aging, yield and quality declines, the heavy cutting back of perennial Secondary Branch cultivates new jujube stock; The tree that major branch is uprightly grown thickly, first Secondary Branch of major branch returns contracting with lower portion, selects bud again to cultivate major branch; The tree of major branch base angle the first transaction of a day's business light leg, the 50-60 centimeters of major branch gently bounces back, the Secondary Branch of cutting back corresponding site of laying equal stress on, and cultivates major branch and side shoot simultaneously; The branch intersected between strain is suitably gently bounced back, improves illumination;

S7, draw branch

When the new jujube head of cultivating master branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster selected and remain grows to 30 centimetres, the phase of softening mid or late May takes branch, tie up stake fixes or with " E " shape open-angle device, and after June, the ground piling of semi-lignified phase connects hook of restricting and draws branch; New jujube head branch angle of release to 90 degree, forms the free spindle of 8 larger result branch groups; Cultivate the new jujube head branch that coronule dredges layer shape, one deck major branch spreading angle to 70 is spent, and two layers of major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster spreading angle to 90 degree, fix in time;

S8, the head control that falls are high

For the jujube garden of 4 meters of line-spacings, the height of tree is controlled within 2.5 meters year by year; The High Density Planting Orchard of 2 meters of line-spacings, controls the height of tree year by year at 2.0 meters; Reach the height of tree, winter pruning centering is done with strong prosperous major branch retraction, is changed major branch place to flat sideways growth, and summer, to the whole heavy pinching of jujube head of its top vertical growth, promotes to expand hat, bottom master branch growth result fast;

S9, three clear

While pruning in dormancy season, remove that autumn growth, lignification jujube hang, Secondary Branch overhead on 30 ~ 50 centimetres of trunks and sprout tillers.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

The present invention is according to red date biological property and growth-development law, winter heavy cutting strunk, density, short covering, retraction, heavy cutting back, three clear, the head control that falls is high, summer pruning is supporting stays a heavy pinching, pluck the large heart, draw branch, solve the tree-like cultural method of specular removal quick, simple and easy to operate, realize simplification technology, laborsaving, saving of labor; According to red date nutrient growth and generative growth phase feature, the core point of low yield low-quality jujube vegetative growth phase garden transformation is placed on tree structure wavelet, to expand photosynthetic area, to improve photosynthetic intensity, ventilation and penetrating light, reasonable nutrient distribution, by force ageing; Tree structure wavelet is completed at the bottom of May; relax the contradiction of fighting for nutrient between young sprout and flowers and fruits; make photosynthetic product as far as possible for cultivating healthy and strong skeleton and yielding positive results; reduce the difficulty of the anti-disease pest and weed of flower and fruit protecting; after entering the florescence in June; control measures are concentrated one's energy flower and fruit protecting, improve percentage of fertile fruit, output, quality and production efficiency.

Embodiment

In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.

Embodiment

The fine horse jujube of squad of group of Shi Tugeman township 12 200 mu of (1+2) × 1 meter (the wide-narrow row close planting pattern of 3 meter of two row) grafting in 2009 is visitd in city of Aksu of Xinjiang, more than mu 400 strains, 4-5 Secondary Branch plucks the large heart, height is 50-70 centimetre about, dry in cultivating after the whole cutting backs of Secondary Branch in 2010, three scaffold limbs are totally four branches, increase branch amount and urge high yield, 2012 later often average annual in dry and three scaffold limbs return contracting in raw 10 centimetres, jujube head branch then, during new jujube head 4-5 Secondary Branch, 2-3 Secondary Branch plucks the large heart, topmost Secondary Branch is outside, cultivate new jujube head branch result, the fresh jujube 800-1000 kilogram of 2-5 annual per mu yield fine horse jujube, amount to half-dried jujube 500-600 kilogram, commodity rate 50-60%,

Due to 4-5 the Secondary Branch place pinching that this garden three scaffold limb is after grafting, Second Year cutting back cultivates three scaffold limbs, the general overhead 25-50 centimetre of major branch, three scaffold limbs cultivated do not draw branch, return contracting again year after year, cause jujube tree plexi to grow, new jujube head branch position is more and more higher, and yield and quality starts to decline.Within 2014, there is 12 mu of 3 peasant family to implement transformation (the 6th year), stay strain by spacing in the rows 1 meter, cross more seedlings and excavate; Retain the heavy cutting strunk of strain 20 centimeters, select a strong bud (all the other are erased), vertical rod tie down bracket is fixed, avoid windbreak, by the end of May during new jujube head 8-9 Secondary Branch plant height about 1 meter, remove 1 Secondary Branch of foot, stay 5-6 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart (extracing young sprout 8-10 centimetre), plant height 80-90 centimetre, cultivates dry in stalwartness and Secondary Branch; The fresh jujube of per mu yield in 2014 500 kilograms, amounts to half-dried jujube 320 kilograms, commodity rate more than 75%.In 2015, dry continuation puts new jujube head cultivation 4-5 Secondary Branch, and within full tree 12 Secondary Branchs, plant height 2 meters, trunk shape completes, and estimate the fresh jujube 800-1000 kilogram of per mu yield, amount to half-dried jujube 500-600 kilogram, commodity rate can improve 15-25%.

When Secondary Branch is aging, ability declines, retains 1 row by 3 meters, remove 1 row, retain strain cutting back Secondary Branch, stay 2-3 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart during angle of release 90 degree during 30 centimetres, new jujube head, 4-5 Secondary Branch, cultivate 8-10 fruit-bearing shoot cluster and form free spindle.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

S1, heavy cutting strunk

Many trunks are uprightly grown thickly, solely dry upright, Secondary Branch position is too high, of poor quality, Secondary Branch lazy weight or only have that major branch short covering is difficult, the tree of skeleton disappearance of sending out that branch position is too high, tree body is got bumper crops substantially, stay a trunk, the overhead heavy cutting strunk of 20 centimeters, all the other remove; Budding period selects a healthy and strong bud, and all the other are erased, and vertical rod tie down bracket is fixed, and avoids windbreak, cultivates dry in stalwartness and Secondary Branch;

S2, density

Live Second Year April, by spacing in the rows 0.5 meter of grafting, the cultivation trunk shape within line-spacing 3 meters, line-spacing 4-5 rice is cultivated coronule and is dredged layer shape; To climb the tree, line-spacing 4-5 rice determines to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1.5 meters, cultivation coronule dredges layer shape in life in 3 years; Within within line-spacing 3 meters the 6th year, determine to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1-1.5 rice, change spindle into by trunk shape, remaining is crossed more seedlings and removes;

S3, short covering

One, two layers of major branch quantity are inadequate, lack the position of branch, and before selecting suitable Secondary Branch rudiment, cutting back stays bud or Growing season to utilize the rudiment of the raw Secondary Branch in the side of adjacent major branch, and cultivating new jujube head becomes major branch;

S4, stay a heavy pinching

Put head select and remain except key and the new jujube head of short covering except to short cutting then, for control bizet position, all the other jujube heads sprout heavy pinching when growing to 3 centimetres, pluck 1 centimetre of jujube head, and two jujubes retained on jujube head hang, and cultivate lignification jujube and hang;

S5, pluck the large heart

Before select and remain by the end of May and cultivate key new jujube head, in heavily cutting during dry 8-9 Secondary Branch, remove the Secondary Branch that bottom is the most weak, stay 5-6 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart; Master branch stays 3-5 Secondary Branch to pluck the large heart when growing to 5-7 Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch is according to growing way and cultivate pinching when tree-like requirement 5-10 saves;

S6, retraction, heavy cutting back

The tree that jujube stock is aging, yield and quality declines, the heavy cutting back of perennial Secondary Branch cultivates new jujube stock; The tree that major branch is uprightly grown thickly, first Secondary Branch of major branch returns contracting with lower portion, selects bud again to cultivate major branch; The tree of major branch base angle the first transaction of a day's business light leg, the 50-60 centimeters of major branch gently bounces back, the Secondary Branch of cutting back corresponding site of laying equal stress on, and cultivates major branch and side shoot simultaneously; The branch intersected between strain is suitably gently bounced back, improves illumination;

S7, draw branch

When the new jujube head of cultivating master branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster selected and remain grows to 30 centimetres, the phase of softening mid or late May takes branch, tie up stake fixes or with " E " shape open-angle device, and after June, the ground piling of semi-lignified phase connects hook of restricting and draws branch; New jujube head branch angle of release to 90 degree, forms the free spindle of 8 larger result branch groups; Cultivate the new jujube head branch that coronule dredges layer shape, one deck major branch spreading angle to 70 is spent, and two layers of major branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster spreading angle to 90 degree, fix in time;

S8, the head control that falls are high

For the jujube garden of 4 meters of line-spacings, the height of tree is controlled within 2.5 meters year by year; The High Density Planting Orchard of 2 meters of line-spacings, controls the height of tree year by year at 2.0 meters; Reach the height of tree, winter pruning centering is done with strong prosperous major branch retraction, is changed major branch place to flat sideways growth, and summer, to the whole heavy pinching of jujube head of its top vertical growth, promotes to expand hat, bottom master branch growth result fast;

S9, three clear

While pruning in dormancy season, remove that autumn growth, lignification jujube hang, Secondary Branch overhead on 30 ~ 50 centimetres of trunks and sprout tillers.