CN108575474A - It is a kind of it is red cone cutting orchard construction and cottage method - Google Patents
It is a kind of it is red cone cutting orchard construction and cottage method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108575474A CN108575474A CN201810025070.0A CN201810025070A CN108575474A CN 108575474 A CN108575474 A CN 108575474A CN 201810025070 A CN201810025070 A CN 201810025070A CN 108575474 A CN108575474 A CN 108575474A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to red cone cutting orchards and cuttage technique field, disclose it is a kind of it is red cone cutting orchard construction and cottage method, it using garden selects and site preparation, a series of cutting orchards constructions and the cutting propagation technology such as the control of cutting orchard maternal plant height, nutritional control and cuttage rooting rate, medium of seedling bed requirements, cuttage processing, cuttage management.The present invention solves that the variation of red cone seed tree seedling is big, seed source is unstable and very different, afforestation standing forest differentiation is big and low output, is difficult to meet in production the present situations such as the needs of to red cone breeding excellent seedling, basically reach the red fast numerous technical merit of cone breeding, remarkable in economical benefits provides effective way for red cone breeding pierre.Breakthrough red cone nursery for a long time leans on merely the various drawbacks caused by seeding and seedling raising, the red cone stock breeding of formation to play promotion facilitation well with research and development are bred to the asexual and sexual development that develops simultaneously, to the fine-variety breeding of red cone.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to red cone cutting orchards and cuttage technique field more particularly to a kind of construction and cuttage of red cone cutting orchard
Method.
Background technology
Red cone (Castanopsis hystrix Miq.) belongs to Fagaceae (Fagaceae) aiphyllium, is south China weight
The preciousness broad-leaved commerical tree species of one's native land wanted, adaptable, fast-growing, material are excellent, are China's Breeding large diameter timber and timber strategic reserves
One of preferred reproducting tree species of construction.But long-term existence makes that seedling is very different, and nursery stock source is unstable, afforestation standing forest differentiation
Greatly, restrict the raising of red cone planting benefit.Therefore, it is researched and developed by fine-variety breeding and raising technology, builds cutting orchard, pass through skewer
It is the top priority for solving red cone going concern to insert the breeding excellent seedling of clone, to safeguarding soil fertility, improving red cone high-value goods material
Yield and quality and Its Eco-economic Benefit have important realistic meaning.It has a wide range of application, is worth that high, meaning is big.
Cutting orchard is a kind of material base providing cuttings, and cuttage is a kind of common vegetative propagation side cultivating plant
Method.Can be with the stem of clip plant, leaf, root, bud etc. (claiming cuttings on gardening), or be inserted into soil, Sha Zhong, or impregnate in water,
It can be planted after taking root, make independent new plant.In agriculture and forestry production, there is condition in whens different plant cuttages
Different demands.Understand and comply with their demand, higher breeding success rate could be obtained.However, existing red cone cuttage effect
Rate is low, and cuttage survival rate is low.The existing red few regular construction cutting orchards of cone, are essentially all the fringe bar (2-4 for acquiring treelet
The tree of year life, side shoot is few, and tree height takes the branch difficulty of tree crown top peripheral big at 2-5 meters or so) come cuttage, effective branch
Quantity source is few, difficult, and cuttage survival rate is low, nursery stock quantity is few, the position effect of cuttage seeding is apparent, deficiency in economic performance.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is：For the fringe bar basic source treelet of cuttage, the effective fringe of cuttage
Item is few, acquisition is difficult, the difficulty of taking root without childrenization, it is difficult to ensure the supply of the red cone excellent seedling of clone.This technology uses elite germplasm
Material is easily sprouted as maternal plant construction cutting orchard first, can utmostly retain the excellent gene of elite stand, and branch is given birth to
It is long very fast, healthy and strong；Two control tree body by cutting orchard maternal plant truncation, nutrition, promote fringe bar growth and development, can effectively cultivate
The moderate semi-lignified fringe bar of fringe bar thickness, greatly improves the yield and quality of fringe bar；Third, solving red cone cuttage fringe bar
Source is few, adopt fringe bar difficulty greatly, the fringe bar quality of treelet is unbalanced and the low problem of cuttage survival rate；Four, skewer provided by the invention
Insert method operates easy, strong applicability.Solve that the variation of red cone seed tree seedling is big, seed source is unstable and very different, makes
Woods standing forest breaks up big and low output, is difficult to meet in production the present situations such as the needs of to red cone breeding excellent seedling.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is：Existing red cone cuttage efficiency is low, and cuttage survival rate is low.Cuttage
The purpose of nursery is to make full use of excellent gene, and the excellent seedling of pierre is applied to production, is a kind of routine of seedling-wood breeding
Means.The successful of cuttage and seedling culture, reliability, applicability are improved, first has to establish excellent genes cutting orchard, recycling adopts fringe
The fringe bar in garden carrys out cuttage, could not only ensure the productive potentialities of excellent genes in this way, but also can improve cutting plantation and seedling quality,
Generate economic benefit.But the cuttage one of red cone at present is seldom to utilize the fringe bar of cutting orchard, second is that having the cuttage skill of document
Art practicability is low, cutting plantation is low, is unable to reach the requirement of the Fast Asexual Propagation Technique on practical significance.Side of the present invention
Method, the technological means being combined using construction cutting orchard and cuttage form vegetative propagation technique system to improve red cone pierre
Technical merit, be to utilize the kind material for selecting the good species source region for having apparent superiority that is excellent, being measured by nursery stock early period first
Expect to build cutting orchard, it is ensured that genetic diversity, superiority；Second is that the cottage method that the present invention mentions, is to utilize to adopt
The fringe bar in fringe garden carrys out cuttage, the technologies such as the cutting specification summed up by experimental study and processing, applicability, operability
By force, simple and practical, at low cost, efficient, the various drawbacks caused by seeding and seedling raising are leaned on merely in red cone nursery for a long time for solution,
It forms red cone stock breeding and breaks through the asexual and sexual development that develops simultaneously, the fine-variety breeding of red cone is played with breeding research and development and is pushed away well
Dynamic facilitation.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of construction of cone cutting orchard and cottage methods.
The invention is realized in this way construction and the cottage method of a kind of red cone cutting orchard, including：
Maternal plant prepares：Using red cone fine provenance seed and 1 year raw super seedling going out of select tree cultivating seeds as building garden maternal plant；
The nursery stock of each introduces a collection and select tree performs label, subregion plantation；
Maternal plant is colonized：When field planting, native face earthing exceeds the suitable for reading of nutrient bag；When plant, nutrient bag is first removed, deep to carry, leaching
Sufficient root water；
Cutting orchard management：Early period urea liquid fertilizer is applied to cutting orchard, later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer sprays microbial inoculum, obtains cuttage
Fringe bar；
Carry out cuttage processing and cuttage management.
Further, maternal plant needs to select and site preparation with carrying out garden before preparing：
Select topography is flat, open, soil layer is deep, it is fertile, drain good and loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage as garden
Ground is cultivated to garden, shines soil entirely, and furrow are played after hack, and the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 30cm, smooth furrow face, in formation process
In, discharge base manure；Weeds, stone, sundries are finally removed, hack is flattened, it is spare.
Further, in maternal plant plantation, soil face earthing exceeds nutrient bag 5cm when field planting；The maternal plant of cutting orchard is colonized spacing
50cm*50cm；Maternal plant trunk, Bock Altitude 40cm are intercepted when field planting；
In management, when field planting survives extraction young sprout, the urea liquid of 2~3 concentration 3% is monthly applied early period to cutting orchard
Fertilizer, later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer monthly spray 1 fungicide, while truncation promotes side shoot Fiber elongation in real time, obtains even thickness
The effective cuttage fringe bar of semi-lignified.
Further, when plant, shade is kept away with the sunshade net of 50% light transmittance after nursery stock definite value, new release later of extraction hides
It covers.
Further, the base manure presses quality 1 by phosphate fertilizer, baked wheaten cake clay fertilizer:5 be uniformly mixed form.
Further, the progress cuttage processing and cuttage management include：
Step 1, the preparation in cuttage seedbed；
Select topography is relatively flat, open, soil layer is deep, it is fertile, drain good and loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage as garden
Ground is digged to garden, shines soil, plays furrow after hack, and the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 30cm, smooth furrow face；Later, smooth
The thin yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness is covered in good furrow face, then covers the thin river sand of a thickness 2-3cm；
Step 2, rooting rate：
Fringe bar is cutting orchard semi-lignified current-year branch, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm；The long 10-15cm of cuttings, fringe bar top are protected
A half vane of 2-3 leaf is stayed, the upper clip of fringe bar and lower clip are at leaf or leaf bud lower end 0.5-1.0cm, or retain
Terminal bud, fringe bar are cut into flat oblique；
Step 3, the selection of cuttage bed substrate；The fine yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness of seedbed overlying, then cover one layer of 2-3cm thickness
Thin river sand；It is carried out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before cuttage, is sprinkled profoundly water before cuttage；
Step 4, fringe bar processing and cuttage：
It carries out disinfection in 3% aqueous solution that wettable carbendazim is configured to 5 minutes；Later, fringe bar lower part is immersed in
2-3 minutes in the aqueous solution of ABT1 root-inducing powders 500ppm；Do a jack with throwaway chopsticks when cuttage, it is fringe bar to insert skewer depth
1/4, be put into after fringe bar and compress so that cuttings base portion and matrix are close；
Step 5, cuttage management：
After cuttage, sprinkle profoundly water；The simple canopy of arch is buckled well in time after inserting, and covers plastic foil, then the sunshade with 55% light transmittance
Net covering；Water spray is primary weekly in simple canopy, and blade face moistening is kept to be advisable；Every degerming in 10 days, it is thin to open plastics in 2 months after cuttage
Film, lid shading net；
Step 6 is taken root；General 30 days callus expand and grow successively root system after cuttage, and root system has 3-6 items within 60 days,
Length 4-5cm.
Further, 1 0.3% Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every 10d or 0.2% carbendazim aqueous solution carries out degerming after inserting.
Further, in cuttage management, the simple temperature of shed is kept for 25-28 DEG C, and humidity keeps 85-90%.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：The cutting orchard that the present invention selects greatly improves the yield of fringe bar, matter
Amount and cuttage survival rate；The control of cutting orchard maternal plant height, nutritional control and cuttage rooting rate, medium of seedling bed requirement, cuttage
Processing, cuttage management, Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard method greatly improve the yield and quality of cuttage fringe bar, cuttage root-taking method
Cuttage survival rate can be effectively improved；It is that red cone fine provenance seed and select tree seed are trained that the cutting orchard that the present invention selects, which builds garden material,
The 1 year raw super seedling brought out can utmostly retain the excellent gene of elite stand, easily sprout, and is raw as garden seedling is built
Length is very fast, fringe bar thickness is moderate, greatly improves the yield and quality of fringe bar；When cuttage of the present invention branch from cutting orchard and
Band can significantly improve cutting plantation there are one the semi-lignified fringe bar of gemma；The present invention is to prevent fringe bar base portion injured, cuttage
When with throwaway chopsticks do jack, insert 1/4 that skewer depth is fringe bar, compressed after being put into fringe bar so that cuttings base portion and matrix are tight
It is close, improve rooting rate；The method of the present invention not only have cultivate the mother plant for cutting period it is short, can rapid shaping, easily sprout, branch life
Length is very fast, fringe bar thickness is moderate, greatly improves the yield and cuttage survival rate of fringe bar, every plant of First Year can after maternal plant field planting
Effective fringe bar 15-20 root (one year autumn and winter and spring can use fringe bar 2 time) of the production for cuttage, every plant of second year can produce effective fringe bar
30-40 roots, per acre cutting orchard can produce 80,000-10 ten thousand plants of fringe bar every year；Cutting plantation is up to 60% or more.The present invention solves red
It bores cutting orchard and cuttage to organically combine, it is horizontal to improve red cone vegetative propagation technique, seed for a long time in solution produce reality
Tree seedling variation is big, seed source is unstable and very different, afforestation standing forest differentiation is big and low output, and cuttage vegetative propagation fringe
Source difficulty, difference, cuttage efficiency is low, rooting rate of taking root is low and be difficult to meet production it is upper to red cone breeding excellent seedling the needs of etc. show
Shape, basically reaches the red fast numerous technical merit of cone breeding, and remarkable in economical benefits provides effective way for red cone breeding pierre
Diameter.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is construction and the cottage method flow chart that the present invention implements the red cone cutting orchard provided.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention implements the carry out cuttage processing provided and cuttage management flow chart.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The present invention solves that the variation of red cone seed tree seedling is big, seed source is unstable and very different, afforestation standing forest point
Change big and low output, be difficult to meet in production the present situations such as the needs of to red cone breeding excellent seedling, it is fast numerous to basically reach red cone breeding
Technical merit, remarkable in economical benefits provide effective way for red cone breeding pierre.Break through red cone nursery list for a long time
The pure various drawbacks leaned on caused by seeding and seedling raising form red cone stock breeding to the asexual and sexual development that develops simultaneously, to the good of red cone
Kind selection and breeding play promotion facilitation well with breeding research and development.
As shown in Figure 1, construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
S101：It selects to garden and site preparation：Selection topography is flat, open, soil layer is deep, it is fertile, draining it is good and loose, arrange
It fills convenient region as garden, is cultivated entirely to garden, shines soil, furrow are played after hack, the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 30cm, puts down
Whole furrow face discharges base manure in formation process；Weeds, stone, sundries are finally removed, hack is flattened, it is spare.
S102：Maternal plant prepares：Using red cone fine provenance seed and 1 year raw super seedling going out of select tree cultivating seeds as building garden
Maternal plant；The nursery stock of each introduces a collection and select tree performs label, subregion plantation；
S103：Maternal plant is planted：When field planting, native face earthing exceeds the suitable for reading of nutrient bag；When plant, nutrient bag is first removed, it is deep
It carries, drenches sufficient root water；Soil face earthing exceeds the 5cm of nutrient bag when field planting；
S104：Maternal plant is colonized；The maternal plant field planting spacing 50cm*50cm of cutting orchard；Maternal plant trunk is intercepted when field planting, is retained high
Spend 40cm；
S105：Cutting orchard management：Early period urea liquid fertilizer is applied to cutting orchard, later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer sprays microbial inoculum, obtains
The fringe bar of cuttage；When field planting survives extraction young sprout, the urea liquid fertilizer of 2~3 concentration 3% is monthly applied early period to cutting orchard, after
Phase increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer monthly sprays 1 fungicide, while truncation promotes side shoot Fiber elongation in real time, obtains half wood of even thickness
The effective cuttage fringe bar of matterization.
S106：Carry out cuttage processing and cuttage management.
In step S103, when plant, shade is kept away with the sunshade net of 50% light transmittance after nursery stock definite value, extraction newly releases later
It covers.
In step S101, the base manure presses quality 1 by phosphate fertilizer, baked wheaten cake clay fertilizer:5 be uniformly mixed form.
As shown in Fig. 2, step S106 is specifically included：
S201：The preparation in cuttage seedbed：Selection topography is relatively flat, open, soil layer is deep, it is fertile, drain it is good and loose,
The convenient region of irrigation and drainage as garden, is digged to garden, shines soil, plays furrow after hack, and the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 30cm,
Smooth furrow face；Later, the thin yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness is covered in smooth good furrow face, then covers the thin of a thickness 2-3cm
River sand is conducive to ventilative moisturizing again；
S202：Rooting rate：Fringe bar is cutting orchard semi-lignified current-year branch, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm；The long 10- of cuttings
15cm, fringe bar top retain a half vane of 2-3 leaf, and the upper clip of fringe bar and lower clip are in leaf or leaf bud lower end 0.5-
At 1.0cm, or retain terminal bud, fringe bar is cut into flat oblique；
S203：Medium of seedling bed selects；The fine yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness of seedbed overlying, then cover thick thin of one layer of 2-3cm
River sand；It is carried out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before cuttage, is sprinkled profoundly water before cuttage；
S204：Cuttage is handled：It carries out disinfection in 3% aqueous solution that wettable carbendazim is configured to 5 minutes；Later, by fringe
Lower part is immersed in the aqueous solution of ABT1 root-inducing powders 500ppm 2-3 minutes；Do a jack with throwaway chopsticks when cuttage, inserts
Skewer depth is the 1/4 of fringe bar, is compressed after being put into fringe bar so that cuttings base portion and matrix are close；
S205：Cuttage management；After cuttage, sprinkle profoundly water；The simple canopy of arch is buckled well in time after inserting, and covers plastic foil, then use
The sunshade net of 55% light transmittance covers；Water spray is primary weekly in simple canopy, and blade face moistening is kept to be advisable；Every degerming in 10 days, cuttage
Open plastic film within 2 months afterwards, lid shading net；
S206：It takes root；General 30 days callus expand and grow successively root system after cuttage, and 60 days root systems have 3-6 items, long
Spend 4-5cm.
1 0.3% Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every 10d or 0.2% carbendazim aqueous solution carries out degerming after inserting.
In cuttage management, the simple temperature of shed is maintained at 25-28 DEG C, and humidity is maintained at 85-90%.
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
Red cone Cutting test situation
Spring in 2013 (March 12) and autumn (October 28) in Fujian Province's forestry science and technology test center, utilize 2012
The super seedling fringe bar of breeding carries out cuttage trial, 320 plants of cuttage；On October 10th, 2015 is in the forest farms Xianyou Xi Kou nursery point-celestial being
Trip county, which expire blink wooden seedling garden Specialty Co-operative Organization and carries out cuttage again, to attempt, 200 plants of cuttage, Huaan from triennial of fringe bar, Guangxi with
Auspicious, Anxi red cone plant.
1, the purpose of Cutting test：The feasibility for attempting cuttage, to carry out system cuttage in next step and expanding numerous lay the foundation.
2, cutting time：Test center 2013.3.12 and 2013.10.28 days；Xianyou Breeding base 2015.10.10
3, cuttings source：The super seedling of 1-1.5a life of the fringe bar of test center cuttage from the ground such as Huaan provenance family
Semi-lignified fringe bar；The fringe bar of Xianyou point is the plant of the red cone fine provenance family 2-3 lifes in Huaan, Guangxi Pingxiang, Anxi.
4, cuttings specification：Long 10cm, end pin retain the blade of 3-5 pieces 2/3.
5, cutting medium：Red heart soil container bag.
6, cottage method：Rooting powder solution cuttage after 1 minute of cuttings base portion dipping about 500ppm.
7, it manages:
The shading net shading of 50% light transmittance is put up in cuttage immediately, and not timing sprays a small amount of clear water to keep ground moistening.
Shading net is opened when tender tip output 3-5cm, and sprays 2% composite fertilizer's solution, then reinforces water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage is anti-
It controls.
8, cutting survival, growing way investigation records
Test center：One week of cuttage, the blade that cuttings retains are turned yellow by green；There are 6% fringe bar in or so 3 weeks
Withered, about 10% cuttings sends out young sprout after one month；There is within 2 months 20% cuttings germination to take out the tip, has at this time
10% fringe bar is withered；The tip is taken out in the fringe bar germination that 68% is added up to after 3 months, has 32% fringe bar withered or no long root.
Xianyou point：One week of cuttage, the blade that cuttings retains are turned yellow by green；Or so 3 weeks have 6% fringe bar withered
Extremely, about 12% cuttings sends out young sprout after one month, has 5% fringe bar withered, and rest blade is light yellow, and bud is full
It is full；The cuttings germination that 25% is added up to after 50 days takes out the tip and has root of hair, has 12% fringe bar obviously withered, other blades are light green
Color but bud eye is full.
9, problem and experience
(1) red cone cuttage can succeed, as long as fringe bar, season are suitable, rooting rate is still higher, up to 60% or more.This
Carry out Cutting test for next step system and breeding provides experiential basis.(2) technology is managed and protected after cuttage, need to be continued to try
Test observation.
Embodiment 2：Red cone cutting orchard maternal plant different height Control experiment situation
Expire blink wooden seedling garden Specialty Co-operative Organization in Fujian Province's Xianyou County at the beginning of 4 months 2016, with pick up from Fujian Huaan, Anxi,
1 year raw super seedling of select tree (20a lifes) seed growing of the ground good species source region such as Nan Jing and Guangxi Pingxiang, Bobai is for building
Cutting orchard.In implementation process, carry out different maternal plant height Control experiments, current year researching determining cutting yield, as a result table
In the effective fringe bar of production at most (semi-lignified and there are one bud eyes) of 40cm, every plant can the effective fringe bar of clip for bright maternal plant height control
20 or more.And effective fringe bar that maternal plant height is 20cm and 60cm only has 8-12 roots.
Test objective：Explore best maternal plant control height.
Experimental design：It is tri- kinds of processing of 20cm, 40cm, 60cm by maternal plant height, often handles 100 plants.
Evaluation index：Effective fringe bar quantity (long 15cm, at least one gemma, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm) of maternal plant production.
Implement and manages:
Maternal plant starts plantation by the seeding row spacing of 50cmx50cm, and depth is bigger 10cm than the height of its nutrient bag；When plant, first
Nutrient bag is removed, appropriate deep load drenches sufficient root water.When field planting maternal plant trunk, Bock Altitude experimental design are intercepted by design requirement
3 kinds of different heights；The resistance to shade of maternal plant juvenile stage avoids direct sunlight from being conducive to the growth of mother plant for cutting, needs to fit after nursery stock definite value
When keeping away shade.Shade is kept away with the sunshade net of 50% light transmittance after nursery stock definite value, new release in time later of extraction is covered；Base before field planting
Fertilizer presses quality 1 by phosphate fertilizer (calcium and magnesium phosphorus or bone meal), baked wheaten cake clay fertilizer:5 are uniformly mixed and form, amount of application 1000kg per acre.
In management, the urea liquid fertilizer of 2~3 concentration 3% is monthly applied early period to cutting orchard, later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer,
Monthly spray 1 fungicide, pre- disease prevention.Truncation controls maternal plant height in real time simultaneously.
The maternal plant growing way of different height, production fringe bar investigation records are shown in Table 1.
About 30 days after field planting, starts to send out sprouting successively, takes out the tip, 8 months researching determining maternal plant growing ways and fringe after field planting
Situation.In terms of investigation result, maternal plant height is higher, and hat width is also corresponding bigger, but branch quantity is with maternal plant height 40cm's
At most, it is 60cm that next, which is sow height, and the branch that maternal plant height is 20cm is minimum and majority is that length is less than 15cm
Branch and individual side shoot excessive growth.The long 15cm of branch is pressed, effective fringe bar of at least one gemma, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm refers to
It marks to weigh, then every plant of effective fringe bar that maternal plant height is 40cm is 20 reachable, and effective fringe bar of 20cm and 60cm only have 8-13
Root.Illustrate, maternal plant height controls the maternal plant in 40cm and grows fine well-balanced, and fringe bar physically well develops, and effective cutting yield is high.Therefore
The control of maternal plant height is in one of the key technology that 40cm is red cone cutting orchard construction.
The case where 8 months after the maternal plant field planting of 1 cutting orchard different height of table control
Case 3：The tloig-cutlage of separate sources is tested
Carry out the tloig-cutlage experiment of separate sources in March, 2017, when the semi-lignified fringe bar from the cutting orchard,
Another kind is the semi-lignified fringe bar from 3 years treelets.Cuttings length is the same when cuttage, is 12cm, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm；Base
Matter is that red heart soil presses 1 with river sand:1 configuration；The same (upper cover agricultural film) moisture-heat preservation of management after cuttage, spray in every 10 days are a small amount of
Water.60d investigates cuttage survival rate and nursery stock growing way after cuttage.2. be the results are shown in Table in terms of test result, the fringe from cutting orchard
Cuttage survival rate is high, and rooting rate is up to 68%, and the fringe bar rooting rate of source treelet only has 41%.Illustrate, the fringe of cutting orchard
Vitality is strong, takes root relatively easy.Construction cutting orchard is one of the key technology solved in cuttage vegetative propagation system.
The tloig-cutlage situation of 2 separate sources of table
With reference to effect, the invention will be further described.
The present invention is selected using garden and site preparation, the control of cutting orchard maternal plant height, nutritional control and cuttage rooting rate,
Medium of seedling bed requirement, cuttage processing, cuttage management, Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard method greatly improve cuttage fringe bar yield and
Quality, cuttage root-taking method can effectively improve cuttage survival rate；It is red cone good species that the cutting orchard that the present invention selects, which builds garden material,
1 year raw super seedling that source seed and select tree cultivating seeds go out can utmostly retain the excellent heredity of elite stand as garden seedling is built
Gene is easily sprouted, and growth is very fast, fringe bar thickness is moderate, greatly improves the yield and quality of fringe bar；Cuttage of the present invention
When branch from cutting orchard and band there are one gemma semi-lignified fringe bar, cutting plantation can be significantly improved；The present invention is anti-
Only fringe bar base portion is injured, does a jack with throwaway chopsticks when cuttage, inserts 1/4 that skewer depth is fringe bar, compressed after being put into fringe bar
So that cuttings base portion and matrix are close, rooting rate is improved；The method of the present invention not only have cultivate the mother plant for cutting period it is short, can be quick
Molding is easily sprouted, and shoot growth is very fast, fringe bar thickness is moderate, greatly improves the yield and cuttage survival rate of fringe bar, female
Every plant of First Year can produce effective fringe bar 15-20 roots (1 year autumn and winter and spring can use fringe bar 2 times) for cuttage after strain field planting, the
2 years every plant can produce effective fringe bar 30-40 roots, cutting orchard can produce 80,000-10 ten thousand plants of fringe bar every year per acre；Cutting plantation is reachable
68% or more.The present invention solves that the variation of red cone seed tree seedling is big, seed source is unstable and very different, afforestation standing forest point
Change big and low output, be difficult to meet in production the present situations such as the needs of to red cone breeding excellent seedling, it is fast numerous to basically reach red cone breeding
Technical merit, remarkable in economical benefits provide effective way for red cone breeding pierre
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (8)
1. construction and the cottage method of a kind of red cone cutting orchard, which is characterized in that the construction of the red cone cutting orchard and cuttage side
Method, including：
Maternal plant prepares：Using red cone fine provenance seed and 1 year raw super seedling going out of select tree cultivating seeds as building garden maternal plant；It is various
The nursery stock of source and select tree performs label, subregion plantation；
Maternal plant is colonized：When field planting, native face earthing exceeds the suitable for reading of nutrient bag；When plant, nutrient bag is first removed, it is deep to carry, it is fixed to drench foot
Root water；
Cutting orchard management：Early period urea liquid fertilizer is applied to cutting orchard, later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer sprays microbial inoculum, obtains the fringe of cuttage
Item；
Carry out cuttage processing and cuttage management.
2. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that maternal plant needs to carry out before preparing
It selects to garden and site preparation：
Select topography is flat, open, soil layer is deep, fertile, good and loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage of draining as garden, garden
Ground is cultivated, shines soil entirely, and furrow are played after hack, and the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, and furrow width 30cm, smooth furrow face is applied in formation process
Put base manure；Weeds, stone, sundries are finally removed, hack is flattened, it is spare.
3. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in maternal plant plantation, field planting
When soil face earthing exceed nutrient bag 5cm；The maternal plant field planting spacing 50cm*50cm of cutting orchard；Maternal plant trunk is intercepted when field planting, is retained
Height 40cm；
In management, when field planting survives extraction young sprout, the urea liquid fertilizer of 2~3 concentration 3% is monthly applied early period to cutting orchard,
Later stage increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer monthly sprays 1 fungicide, while truncation promotes side shoot Fiber elongation in real time, obtains the half of even thickness
The effective cuttage fringe bar of lignifying.
4. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when plant, nursery stock definite value
Shade is kept away with the sunshade net of 50% light transmittance afterwards, new release later of extraction is covered.
5. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the base manure by phosphate fertilizer,
It burns clay fertilizer and presses quality 1:5 be uniformly mixed form.
6. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the progress cuttage processing
Include with cuttage management：
Step 1, the preparation in cuttage seedbed；
Select topography is relatively flat, open, soil layer is deep, fertile, good and loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage of draining as garden,
It is digged to garden, shines soil, plays furrow after hack, the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 30cm, smooth furrow face；Later, smooth good
Furrow face on cover the thin yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness, then cover the thin river sand of a thickness 2-3cm；
Step 2, rooting rate：
Fringe bar is cutting orchard semi-lignified current-year branch, rugosity 0.2-0.5cm；The long 10-15cm of cuttings, fringe bar top retain 2-
One half vane of 3 leaves, the upper clip of fringe bar and lower clip are at leaf or leaf bud lower end 0.5-1.0cm, or retain terminal bud,
Fringe bar is cut into flat oblique；
Step 3, the selection of cuttage bed substrate；The fine yellow soil of one layer of 5cm thickness of seedbed overlying, then cover thick thin of one layer of 2-3cm
River sand；It is carried out disinfection with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before cuttage, is sprinkled profoundly water before cuttage；
Step 4, fringe bar processing and cuttage：
It carries out disinfection in 3% aqueous solution that wettable carbendazim is configured to 5 minutes；Later, fringe bar lower part is immersed in No. ABT1
2-3 minutes in the aqueous solution of root-inducing powder 500ppm；Do a jack with throwaway chopsticks when cuttage, insert 1/4 that skewer depth is fringe bar,
It is compressed after being put into fringe bar so that cuttings base portion and matrix are close；
Step 5, cuttage management：
After cuttage, sprinkle profoundly water；The simple canopy of arch is buckled well in time after inserting, and covers plastic foil, then covered with the sunshade net of 55% light transmittance
Lid；Water spray is primary weekly in simple canopy, and blade face moistening is kept to be advisable；Every degerming in 10 days, opens plastic film in 2 months after cuttage,
Lid shading net；
Step 6 is taken root；General 30 days callus expand and grow successively root system after cuttage, and root system has 3-6 items, length within 60 days
4-5cm。
7. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is sprayed 1 time every 10d after inserting
0.3% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% carbendazim aqueous solution carry out degerming.
8. construction and the cottage method of red cone cutting orchard as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that described in cuttage management
Simple temperature of shed is kept for 25-28 DEG C, and humidity keeps 85-90%.
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