CN103749238B - Tara vine breed breeding and Fruiting And High Yield Cultivation Techniques - Google Patents
Tara vine breed breeding and Fruiting And High Yield Cultivation Techniques Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tara vine breed breeding and early stage high-yield cultivating method, it includes procedure below：1st, variety selection, 2, seedling-wood breeding, 3, field planting, 4, underground management, 5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, 6, trimming, wherein, collection of the seedling-wood breeding of step 2 including cutting and storage and heliogreenhouse cuttage, and heliogreenhouse cuttage, including nutritive cube cuttage and green wood cutting.The present invention compared with prior art, due to using heliogreenhouse cuttage and seedling culture instead, extends the seedling growth time, not only robust seedling but also growth potential is strong after planting, and is laid a good foundation for early high yield；Further, since making frame face into pony set, not only operation is convenient but also is easy to manage.
Description
First, technical field
The present invention relates to tara vine breed breeding and Fruiting And High Yield Cultivation Techniques.
2nd, background technology
Tara vine【Actinidia arguta(Sieb.et Zucc.)Planch.ex Miq.】Belong to Actinidiaceae
(Actinidiaceae) Actinidia (Actinidia) perennial liana, bower actinidia fruit, rattan jujube is commonly called as, is mainly distributed on the Liao Dynasty
Rather, Jilin, Heilungkiang and Hebei.It is that a kind of nutritive value is high, the big emerging fruit of economic benefit.Its mellow fruit is soft more
Juice, sweet and sour palatability, delicious delicate fragrance.The Vitamin C content of its fresh fruit is that 100~490mg/100g is higher than apple 20~80 times, than
Citrus is high 5~12 times, higher than pears 30~140 times.Also contain needs in vitamin B, the mineral nutrition such as P, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and human body
Several amino acids.Acted on nourishing and fit keeping function, promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung etc., there is certain treatment to diseases such as hypertension, angina cordis, highs fat of blood
Effect, can block the synthesis of carcinogen (nitrosomorpholine).
Tara vine cultivation is then since in recent years.Planting type is mainly built using tissue-cultured seedling, open country cuttage seedling
Garden, posture continue to use greenhouse frame.Because tissue-cultured seedling, open country cuttage seedling are of poor quality, growth potential is weak, is difficult early high yield；Greenhouse frame management
It is inconvenient.
3rd, the content of the invention
The purpose of the technology invention be to provide the tara vine heliogreenhouse cuttage breeding method of economical and convenient with
The cultivation technique to match, to accelerate the development of tara vine production, so as to create huge economic benefit and society
Benefit.
The technical scheme of use is：
Tara vine breed breeding and early stage high-yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that including procedure below：
1st, variety selection
The kind of suitable cultivated in north is mainly at present：The seed selection of special product research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences it is stalwart it is green, it is rich green and its
Major clique (being female energy flower), the kind (being) of each department oneself seed selection, such as Huan is excellent No. 1, phoenix stalwart (the free major clique in Fengcheng City) is equal
It is complete flower.
2nd, seedling-wood breeding
2.1st, the collection and storage of cutting
Cutting will gather before freezing, 10 the end of month to November 15, it is desirable to must be gathered on the maternal plant of robust growth
Cutting, adopt cutting without disease pest harm, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high.The cutting of collection is by 50/bundle~100/binding
It is good, then cutting moved into again cellar for storing things is tilted to put, buried with clean wet river sand, it is desirable to one layer of river sand, one layer of cutting, keep
The micro- dew in tip of cutting, the humidity requirement of river sand are stretched out one's hand and dissipated just held with hand can be agglomerating.
2.2nd, heliogreenhouse cuttage
2.2.1, nutritive cube cuttage
In late January in next year, directly cuttage is carried out with diameter 15cm, high 15cm nutritive cube in heliogreenhouse.
The method of nutritive cube cuttage is：
A, the river sand being bonded in cutting is removed after the cutting of sand storage being taken out, and it is relatively low compared with thin or maturity to cut off top
Part, cutting is then cut into 10cm/ sections~12cm/ sections, upper clip away from every section of cutting topmost bud top 2.5cm~3.0cm,
Lower clip is disregarded, and upper clip will be put down, and lower clip is cut into that 45 degree of horseshoes are oblique, and each cutting must assure that topmost bud is full.Cutting
Good cutting lower end is handled with root-growing agent, and luggage alms bowl cuttage is directly entered in the cutting after processing, and the species of root-growing agent has ABT to take root
Powder, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin, its application method press products instruction application.
B, the preparation of Nutrition Soil：Slag ash after sieving: loam: turf (by volume)=8: 1: 1, stirred in Nutrition Soil
During carbendazim produced into 800 times~1000 times liquid Jiangyin be constantly sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and to mix thoroughly, to keep Nutrition Soil to match somebody with somebody
Humidity processed is stretched out one's hand and dissipated just held with hand can be agglomerating.
C, alms bowl is filled：Nutrition Soil is first mounted in nutritive cube bottom, depth 5cm~6cm, then cutting is stood in nutritive cube
The heart, it is further continued for Nutrition Soil to be mounted in nutritive cube top, keeps the bud point of cutting topmost bud to be slightly below nutrition pot mouth, rear batallion of fetching water
The Nutrition Soil supported in alms bowl is heavy real, it is to be ensured that the micro- dew of bud point of cutting topmost bud.
D, nutritive cube is put：Wide 1.0m~1.2m heating bed (furrow) is first made, heats the installation of heating wire of bed by normal
Rule heating bed processing, repaves the thick thicker river sands of 6cm~10cm and does insulating barrier, after bed (furrow) is carried out, away from greenhouse bottom surface 0.6m
~0.8m starts to put nutritive cube, and nutritive cube is put compact, then heats, temperature will be controlled at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C.
E, manage：During heating bed heating, at 12 DEG C~15 DEG C, cutting tapers off after sprouting to be added the control of greenhouse temperature
Temperature, daytime, greenhouse temperature was no more than 30 DEG C, and 24 DEG C~26 DEG C are maintained after lamina, to go up sunshade net temperature control, the humidity in nutritive cube
Keep with hand hold can it is agglomerating, stretch out one's hand dissipate can, in April to August part, composite fertilizer is monthly imposed once, first by leaf during top dressing
Piece squirts, and then sprays dissolve in advance 150 times of compound solutions one time with watering can, then with clear water hydro-peening 2 times~3 times.Work as seedling
Wood carries out pinching control length when growing into 50cm~60cm, and 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly are stayed to the young sprout sent.
2.2.2 green wood cutting
For Speedup of reproduction and breeding speed, when nutritive cube cuttage cultivating seedling grows into 50cm~60cm, the full young sprout of semi-lignified is selected
Carry out green wood cutting.
The method of green wood cutting is：
A, semi-lignified Tender cuttings are cut into 10cm/ sections~12cm/ sections, upper clip is away from every section of cutting topmost bud top
1.5cm~2.0cm, lower clip are disregarded, and upper clip will be put down, and lower clip is cut into that 45 degree of horseshoes are oblique, and each cutting must assure that most upper
Portion's bud is full, also to retain a piece of leaf, the cutting lower end sheared is handled with root-growing agent, luggage alms bowl is directly entered in the cutting after processing
Cuttage, the species of root-growing agent have ABT root-inducing powders, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin, and its application method presses products instruction application.
B, the nutritive cube of green wood cutting is diameter 12cm, high 12cm, the preparation, Zhuan of Nutrition Soil , nutritive cube puts (no
Need heating wire to heat), management with reference to 2.2.1 nutritive cube cuttages, green wood cutting seedling grew into for 12 the end of month in greenhouse and begun to
Gradually cooling, force its dormancy of falling leaves.
Tara vine greenhouse cuttage survival rate 85%~90%, nursery stock then one-level seedling outplanting rate more than 85%.
3rd, it is colonized
The plantation density of tara vine is seeding row spacing 0.8m × 3.0m or 1.5m × 3.0m, and field planting chief is green, rich green etc. female
Energy flower variety (being) makees pollination plant, it is necessary to configure male energy flower variety (being) by 1: 8, is colonized complete flower variety (being) and avoids the need for
The male energy flower variety (being) of configuration, ground is raked, then dig wide 80cm~100cm, deep 50cm by 3.0m line-spacings after upper autumn harvest obtains
Cingulum sulcus, the length of ditch according to row it is long depending on, 15cm~20cm table soil is put on one side during ditching, cubsoil and subsoil are put another
Side, after ditch is dug, the thick stalks of one layer of 20cm or weeds first are laid in bottom of trench, then backfill 10cm thick cubsoil and subsoil, then
The thick stalks of one layer of 10cm or weeds are laid, then backfill table soil, and it is 80cm~100cm, a height of 25cm~30cm to make bottom width
Flat furrow, in case field planting be used.
Autumn last year whole good flat furrow are flattened again before and after next year is clear and bright, by 0.8m or 1.5m spacing in the rows requirements on furrow, dug
A diameter of 40cm or so, deep 18cm~20cm planting pit, more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard with nutritive cube are put
At planting pit center, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train again table soil and tread, make to step on
Real table soil is equal with nutritive cube, and the compound method of organic fertilizer is：To loam and sand soil prepare ratio be decomposed
Chicken manure or oxen and horses excrement admix 1.0 times~1.5 times of loam or sandy loam；The ratio that clayed ground is prepared is decomposed chicken manure or ox
Horsehit admixes 2 times~3 times of river sand, is cut after seedling field planting and stays 2~3 full buds, covers unregistered land film at once, then again with table soil
It Miao Peiyan but not tread, make the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top.
For more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard without nutritive cube, during plant diameter is dug centered on being colonized a little
For 40cm or so, deep 25cm~30cm planting pit, high 10cm, diameter 20cm hill are made in hole, then root system is relaxed
The nursery stock of expansion is placed on hill, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train table again
Soil is simultaneously treaded, and (the former cultivation position of seedling refers to former nursery stock root neck and native table contact site before being colonized to the table soil for making to tread with the former cultivation position of seedling
Position) it is equal, the compound method of organic fertilizer is same as above, and is cut after seedling field planting and is stayed 2~3 full buds, covers unregistered land film, Ran Houzai at once
It Miao Peiyan but not treaded with table soil, make the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top.
4th, underground manages
Then after Survival rate of nursery stock, every plant imposes urea 30g~40g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun.Removing mid-June mulch film, and
Seedling both sides are covered each by the stalk or weeds that 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick.
Unregistered land film is covered after Second Year Clear and Bright.Late April, every plant imposes urea 50g~60g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun, June
The middle ten days removes mulch film, and 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick stalk or weeds are covered each by plant both sides, in August
In ten days, every plant imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer 50g~60g.
Start to manage by the best fruiting period within 3rd year：Late April imposes urea 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；In 6 months
Urea is imposed after ten days fallen flowers: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1: 2 mixed fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；Mid-July
Impose Stanley board composite fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2；Early August imposes urea: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1
: 1 mixed fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2, each top dressing imposes with fertilizer-applicating gun, existed immediately after late April top dressing
Plant both sides are covered each by that 40cm~50cm is wide, thickness is 10cm~15cm stalks or weeds.
The tillage and weeding in tara vine garden takes both of which：One kind is inter-row green covering, is cradled 3 times with brush cutter every year
~4 times, natural plant height is kept to be no more than 20cm；One kind be colonized then in the ranks between make short crop of soybean.Start by first within 3rd year
Kind mode treatment, urea, dosage 20kg/666.7m are spread fertilizer over the fields when entering rainy season to inter-row weed2~25kg/
666.7m2。
5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Endangering the disease of tara vine has black spot, stem rot；Insect pest has chafer, hawkmoth class；Milpa sprinkling
Herbicide is also one of harm.
50m distances will will at least be kept, want nuisanceless synthesis to prevent to pest and disease damage away from corn field by cultivating tara vine
Control：500 times~600 times liquid of a carbendazim are sprayed in squaring period, 1200 times~1500 times liquid are sprayed when fruit starts to expand
Iprodione；For hawkmoth class with seeing with grabbing, prevented and treated for the larva of chafer with muscardine, specific method uses with reference to muscardine
Specification.
6th, trim
The canopy hedge frame shaping canopy hedge frame building method of grape (canopy hedge frame building method with reference to), field planting seeding row spacing for 0.8m ×
By the dry pruning of Dulong, (it is exactly the healthy and strong young sprout of a young plant growth selection after seedling planting that Dulong does pruning to 3.0m
Retain a progress pruning, also have title single climing or go alone pruning；Advantage is that shaping is fast, early got bumper crops, and shortcoming is to use seedling
Amount is big.), field planting seeding row spacing be 1.5m × 3.0m by the dry pruning of double dragons (double dry prunings of dragon be exactly after seedling planting,
The healthy and strong young sprout of one young plant growth selection retains two progress prunings, also there is the double climing or double dry prunings of title；Advantage is
With seedling amount relatively few, province's seedling more dry than Dulong, two climing more difficult control of growth potential balance, do shaping than Dulong when shortcoming is shaping
It is relatively slow；The dry pruning of double dragons can be regarded as two Dulongs and do pruning.), specific method is：
Field planting does pruning when young sprout grows into 15cm~20cm then, by Dulong needs the healthy and strong young sprout of growth selection to protect
One (needing the healthy and strong young sprout of growth selection to retain two by the dry pruning of double dragons) is stayed, remaining is pruned off, retains young sprout bondage
Restocking.When young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m, pinching control is grown, and the secondary young sprout sent stays 1~2, top, when the two of reservation
Pinching when secondary 2~3 leaves of young sprout base portion grow into normal size blade, by that analogy.Late September to all Tippings,
Cut when winter cuts and stay 1.5m~1.7m.
Erased after Second Year rudiment all buds away from below earth's surface 50cm, the young sprout that the top bud is sent does extension young sprout
(claiming to extend branch after fallen leaves), when extension young sprout grows into 15cm~20cm, a healthy and strong young sprout is stayed by 10cm~15cm spacing, when
Pinching when young sprout has grown into 6~8 normal size blades (except young sprout is extended), when extension young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m
Pinching control is grown, and the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching is same as above (referring to pinching when having grown into 6~8 normal size blades), and the winter cuts
Time delay long pruner stays 1.5m~1.7m, and other processing are routinely.
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 3rd year to extending branch the top bud is done outside extension young sprout, and remaining young sprout still presses 10cm
~15cm spacing stays a healthy and strong young sprout.The pinching when young sprout has grown into 6~8 normal size blades, extend young sprout life
Pinching control is grown when growing to 1.7m~1.9m, and the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching ibid (refers to and grown into 6~8 normal sizes
Pinching during blade).Winter cuts time delay long pruner and stays 1.5m~1.7m, and other processing are routinely.When young sprout grow into 30cm~
Foliage-spray 3000mg/L paclobutrazols (PP during 35cm333) once, mainly control is long promotees flower.
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 4th year to extending branch stays a healthy and strong young sprout by 10cm~15cm spacing, works as young sprout
Pinching when having grown into 6~8 normal size blades (except young sprout is extended), the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching ibid (refer to life
Pinching when having grown to 6~8 normal size blades), the branch (next year on hedge frame Dulong dry (or double dragons are dry) is removed when the winter cuts
Budding period erase that Dulong is dry in time or double dragons it is dry on bud).The processing of nutrition branch, bearing basal shoot, fruitful branch is conventionally, other new
Tip processing is routinely.
Dry (or double dragons the are dry) conventional treatment of best fruiting period pony set Dulong is pressed in 5th year (containing the 5th year) of later trimming.
Tara vine cultivates the 3rd annual production in 75kg~100kg/667m2, the 4th annual production is in 300kg~400kg/
667m2, enter within the 5th year best fruiting period yield in 750kg~1000kg/667m2。
The present invention compared with prior art, due to using heliogreenhouse cuttage and seedling culture instead, extends the seedling growth time, not only
Growth potential is strong after robust seedling and cultivation, is laid a good foundation for early high yield；Further, since make frame face into pony set, not only operator
Just and it is easy to manage.
4th, embodiment
Tara vine breed breeding and early stage high-yield cultivating method, including breed breeding, cultural method, heliogreenhouse seedling
Wood is bred.Breeding mainly for heliogreenhouse nursery stock has seedling breeding specialist to complete.
Product seed selection and Fruiting And High Yield Cultivation Techniques：
1st, variety selection
The kind of suitable cultivated in north is mainly at present：The seed selection of special product research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences it is stalwart it is green, it is rich green and its
Major clique (being female energy flower), the kind (being) of each department oneself seed selection, such as Huan is excellent No. 1, phoenix stalwart (the free major clique in Fengcheng City) is equal
It is complete flower.
2nd, it is colonized
The plantation density of tara vine is seeding row spacing 0.8m × 3.0m or 1.5m × 3.0m, and field planting chief is green, rich green etc. female
Energy flower variety (being) makees pollination plant, it is necessary to configure male energy flower variety (being) by 1: 8, is colonized complete flower variety (being) and avoids the need for
The male energy flower variety (being) of configuration, ground is raked, then dig wide 80cm~100cm, deep 50cm by 3.0m line-spacings after upper autumn harvest obtains
Cingulum sulcus, the length of ditch according to row it is long depending on, 15cm~20cm table soil is put on one side during ditching, cubsoil and subsoil are put another
Side, after ditch is dug, the thick stalks of one layer of 20cm or weeds first are laid in bottom of trench, then backfill 10cm thick cubsoil and subsoil, then
The thick stalks of one layer of 10cm or weeds are laid, then backfill table soil, and it is 80cm~100cm, a height of 25cm~30cm to make bottom width
Flat furrow, in case field planting be used；
Autumn last year whole good flat furrow are flattened again before and after next year is clear and bright, by 0.8m or 1.5m spacing in the rows requirements on furrow, dug
A diameter of 40cm or so, deep 18cm~20cm planting pit, more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard with nutritive cube are put
At planting pit center, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train again table soil and tread, make to step on
Real table soil is equal with nutritive cube, and the compound method of organic fertilizer is：To loam and sand soil prepare ratio be decomposed
Chicken manure or oxen and horses excrement admix 1.0 times~1.5 times of loam or sandy loam；The ratio that clayed ground is prepared is decomposed chicken manure or ox
Horsehit admixes 2 times~3 times of river sand, is cut after seedling field planting and stays 2~3 full buds, covers unregistered land film at once, then again with table soil
It Miao Peiyan but not tread, make the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top.
For more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard without nutritive cube, during plant diameter is dug centered on being colonized a little
For 40cm or so, deep 25cm~30cm planting pit, high 10cm, diameter 20cm hill are made in hole, then root system is relaxed
The nursery stock of expansion is placed on hill, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train table again
Soil is simultaneously treaded, and the table soil for making to tread is equal with the former cultivation position of seedling, and the compound method of organic fertilizer is same as above, and seedling is cut after being colonized and stays 2~3
Individual full bud, unregistered land film is covered at once, then Miao Peiyan but not treaded with table soil again, make the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top.
3rd, underground manages
Then after Survival rate of nursery stock, every plant imposes urea 30g~40g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun.Removing mid-June mulch film, and
Seedling both sides are covered each by the stalk or weeds that 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick.
Unregistered land film is covered after Second Year Clear and Bright.Late April, every plant imposes urea 50g~60g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun, June
The middle ten days removes mulch film, and 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick stalk or weeds are covered each by plant both sides, in August
In ten days, every plant imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer 50g~60g.
Start to manage by the best fruiting period within 3rd year：Late April imposes urea 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；In 6 months
Urea is imposed after ten days fallen flowers: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1: 2 mixed fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；Mid-July
Impose Stanley board composite fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2；Early August imposes urea: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1
: 1 mixed fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2, each top dressing imposes with fertilizer-applicating gun, existed immediately after late April top dressing
Plant both sides are covered each by that 40cm~50cm is wide, thickness is 10cm~15cm stalks or weeds.
The tillage and weeding in tara vine garden takes both of which：One kind is inter-row green covering, is cradled 3 times with brush cutter every year
~4 times, natural plant height is kept to be no more than 20cm；One kind be colonized then in the ranks between make short crop of soybean.Start by first within 3rd year
Kind mode treatment, urea, dosage 20kg/666.7m are spread fertilizer over the fields when entering rainy season to inter-row weed2~25kg/
666.7m2；
4th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Endangering the disease of tara vine has black spot, stem rot；Insect pest has chafer, hawkmoth class；Milpa sprinkling
Herbicide is also one of harm.
50m distances will will at least be kept, want nuisanceless synthesis to prevent to pest and disease damage away from corn field by cultivating tara vine
Control：500 times~600 times liquid of a carbendazim are sprayed in squaring period, 1200 times~1500 times liquid are sprayed when fruit starts to expand
Iprodione；For hawkmoth class with seeing with grabbing, prevented and treated for the larva of chafer with muscardine, specific method uses with reference to muscardine
Specification.
5th, trim
The canopy hedge frame shaping canopy hedge frame building method of grape (canopy hedge frame building method with reference to), field planting seeding row spacing for 0.8m ×
3.0m does pruning by Dulong, and field planting seeding row spacing is that 1.5m × 3.0m is by the dry pruning of double dragons, specific method：
Field planting does pruning when young sprout grows into 15cm~20cm then, by Dulong needs the healthy and strong young sprout of growth selection to protect
One (needing the healthy and strong young sprout of growth selection to retain two by the dry pruning of double dragons) is stayed, remaining is pruned off, retains young sprout bondage
Restocking.When young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m, pinching control is grown, and the secondary young sprout sent stays 1~2, top, when the two of reservation
Pinching when secondary 2~3 leaves of young sprout base portion grow into normal size blade, by that analogy.Late September to all Tippings,
Cut when winter cuts and stay 1.5m~1.7m.
Erased after Second Year rudiment all buds away from below earth's surface 50cm, the young sprout that the top bud is sent does extension young sprout
(claiming to extend branch after fallen leaves), when extension young sprout grows into 15cm~20cm, a healthy and strong young sprout is stayed by 10cm~15cm spacing, when
Pinching when young sprout has grown into 6~8 normal size blades (except young sprout is extended), when extension young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m
Pinching control is grown, and the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching is same as above, and the winter cuts time delay long pruner and stays 1.5m~1.7m, and other processing are by normal
Rule.
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 3rd year to extending branch the top bud is done outside extension young sprout, and remaining young sprout still presses 10cm
~15cm spacing stays a healthy and strong young sprout.The pinching when young sprout has grown into 6~8 normal size blades, extend young sprout life
Pinching control is grown when growing to 1.7m~1.9m, and the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching is same as above.Winter cuts time delay long pruner and stays 1.5m~1.7m,
Other processing are routinely.The foliage-spray 3000mg/L paclobutrazols (PP when young sprout grows into 30cm~35cm333) once, it is main
If control is long to promote flower.
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 4th year to extending branch stays a healthy and strong young sprout by 10cm~15cm spacing, works as young sprout
Pinching when having grown into 6~8 normal size blades (except young sprout is extended), the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching are same as above, and the winter cuts
When to remove on hedge frame Dulong dry (or double dragons are dry) branch (budding period in next year erase that Dulong is dry in time or double dragons it is dry on bud).Battalion
The processing of branch, bearing basal shoot, fruitful branch is supported conventionally, other young sprouts are handled routinely.
Dry (or double dragons the are dry) conventional treatment of best fruiting period pony set Dulong is pressed in 5th year (containing the 5th year) of later trimming.
Tara vine cultivates the 3rd annual production in 75kg~100kg/667m2, the 4th annual production is in 300kg~400kg/
667m2, enter within the 5th year best fruiting period yield in 750kg~1000kg/667m2。
Claims (1)
1. tara vine breed breeding and early stage high-yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that including procedure below：
A, variety selection
The kind of suitable cultivated in north is mainly at present：Stalwart green, the rich green and its major clique of special product research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences seed selection；
B, seedling-wood breeding
1) collection and storage of cutting
Cutting will gather before freezing, 10 the end of month to November 15, it is desirable to cutting must be gathered on the maternal plant of robust growth,
Adopted cutting endangers without disease pest, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, and the cutting of collection is pressed 50/bundles~100/and bundled, so
Afterwards again cutting move into cellar for storing things it is tilted put, buried with clean wet river sand, it is desirable to one layer of river sand, one layer of cutting, keep cutting
The micro- dew in tip, the humidity requirement of river sand are stretched out one's hand and dissipated just held with hand can be agglomerating；
2) heliogreenhouse cuttage
2.1 nutritive cube cuttages
In late January in next year, directly cuttage is carried out with diameter 15cm, high 15cm nutritive cube in heliogreenhouse；
The method of nutritive cube cuttage is：
A, remove the river sand being bonded in cutting after the cutting of sand storage being taken out, and cut off top compared with thin or relatively low maturity portion
Point, cutting is then cut into 10cm/ sections~12cm/ sections, upper clip away from every section of cutting topmost bud top 2.5cm~3.0cm, under
Clip is disregarded, and upper clip will be put down, and lower clip is cut into that 45 degree of horseshoes are oblique, and each cutting must assure that topmost bud is full, shearing
Cutting lower end handled with root-growing agent, luggage alms bowl cuttage is directly entered in the cutting after processing, the species of root-growing agent have ABT root-inducing powders,
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin, its application method press products instruction application；
B, the preparation of Nutrition Soil：Slag ash after sieving: loam: turf by volume=8: 1: 1, in Nutrition Soil whipping process
Are produced from 800 times~1000 times liquid Jiangyin into carbendazim to be constantly sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and mixed thoroughly, to keep nutritive soil preparation humidity
Can be agglomerating being held with hand, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just；
C, alms bowl is filled：Nutrition Soil is first mounted in nutritive cube bottom, depth 5cm~6cm, cutting is then stood in nutritive cube center, then
Continue Nutrition Soil to be mounted in nutritive cube top, keep the bud point of cutting topmost bud to be slightly below nutrition pot mouth, nutritive cube after fetching water
In Nutrition Soil it is heavy real, it is to be ensured that the micro- dew of bud point of cutting topmost bud；
D, nutritive cube is put：Wide 1.0m~1.2m heating bed is first made, bed is routinely heated in the installation for heating the heating wire of bed
Processing, repave the thick thicker river sands of 6cm~10cm and do insulating barrier, after bed is carried out, start to put away from greenhouse bottom surface 0.6m~0.8m
Put nutritive cube, nutritive cube is put compact, then heats, temperature will be controlled at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C；
E, manage：During heating bed heating, greenhouse temperature is controlled at 12 DEG C~15 DEG C, and cutting tapers off heating after sprouting, in vain
Its greenhouse temperature is no more than 30 DEG C, and 24 DEG C~26 DEG C are maintained after lamina, to go up sunshade net temperature control, and the humidity in nutritive cube will be kept
With hand hold can it is agglomerating, stretch out one's hand dissipate can, in April to August part, monthly impose composite fertilizer once, first squirt blade during top dressing,
Then dissolve in advance 150 times of compound solutions are sprayed one time with watering can, then with clear water hydro-peening 2 times~3 times, works as seedling growth
To pinching control length is carried out during 50cm~60cm, 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly are stayed to the young sprout sent；
2.2 green wood cutting
For Speedup of reproduction and breeding speed, when nutritive cube cuttage cultivating seedling grows into 50cm~60cm, the full young sprout of semi-lignified is selected to carry out
Green wood cutting；
The method of green wood cutting is：
A, semi-lignified Tender cuttings are cut into 10cm/ sections~12cm/ sections, upper clip is away from every section of cutting topmost bud top
1.5cm~2.0cm, lower clip are disregarded, and upper clip will be put down, and lower clip is cut into that 45 degree of horseshoes are oblique, and each cutting must assure that most upper
Portion's bud is full, also to retain a piece of leaf, the cutting lower end sheared is handled with root-growing agent, luggage alms bowl is directly entered in the cutting after processing
Cuttage, the species of root-growing agent have ABT root-inducing powders, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin, and its application method presses products instruction application；
B, the nutritive cube of green wood cutting is diameter 12cm, high 12cm, and the preparation of Nutrition Soil, dress alms bowl, nutritive cube are put, manage ginseng
According to 2.1 nutritive cube cuttages, green wood cutting seedling grew into for 12 the end of month in greenhouse and begins to gradually cool, and forced its dormancy of falling leaves；
Tara vine greenhouse cuttage survival rate 85%~90%, nursery stock then one-level seedling outplanting rate more than 85%；
C, it is colonized
The plantation density of tara vine is seeding row spacing 0.8m × 3.0m or 1.5m × 3.0m, and green, the rich green female energy of field planting chief spends product
Kind makees pollination plant, it is necessary to configure male energy flower variety by 1: 8, is colonized complete flower variety and avoids the need for configuring male energy flower variety,
Upper autumn harvest rakes ground after obtaining, and wide 80cm~100cm, deep 50cm cingulum sulcus, the length foundation of ditch are then dug by 3.0m line-spacings
15cm~20cm table soil is put on one side depending on row is long, during ditching, cubsoil and subsoil put another side, after ditch is dug, first in bottom of trench
The thick stalks of one layer of 20cm or weeds are laid, then backfill 10cm thick cubsoil and subsoil, then lay the thick stalks of one layer of 10cm
Or weeds, then table soil is backfilled, and bottom width is made as 80cm~100cm, a height of 25cm~30cm flat furrow, in case field planting is used；
Autumn last year whole good flat furrow are flattened again before and after next year is clear and bright, by 0.8m or 1.5m spacing in the rows requirements on furrow, dig diameter
For 40cm or so, deep 18cm~20cm planting pit, more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard with nutritive cube are placed in cultivation
Plant hole center, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train again table soil and tread, make what is treaded
Table soil is equal with nutritive cube, and the compound method of organic fertilizer is：To loam and sand soil prepare ratio be decomposed chicken
Excrement or oxen and horses excrement admix 1.0 times~1.5 times of loam or sandy loam；The ratio that clayed ground is prepared is decomposed chicken manure or oxen and horses excrement
The river sand of 2 times~3 times of blending, cut after seedling field planting and stay 2~3 full buds, cover unregistered land film at once, then again with table soil seedling
Training is tight but not tread, and makes the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top；
Dug for more than 2 grades tara vine seedlings of national standard without nutritive cube, during plant centered on being colonized a little a diameter of
40cm or so, deep 25cm~30cm planting pit, high 10cm, diameter 20cm hill are made in hole, then root system is unfolded
The nursery stock opened is placed on hill, then seedling surrounding spread training organic fertilizer make a truncated cone-shaped, then train again table soil
And tread, the table soil for making to tread is equal with the former cultivation position of seedling, and the compound method of organic fertilizer is same as above, and seedling is cut after being colonized and stays 2~3
Individual full bud, unregistered land film is covered at once, then Miao Peiyan but not treaded with table soil again, make the micro- dew of bud of seedling the top；
D, underground manages
Then after Survival rate of nursery stock, every plant imposes urea 30g~40g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun, and mid-June removes mulch film, and in seedling two
While it is covered each by the stalk or weeds that 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick；
Unregistered land film is covered after Second Year Clear and Bright, late April, every plant imposes urea 50g~60g, is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun, mid-June
Mulch film is removed, and 30cm~40cm is wide, 10cm~15cm is thick stalk or weeds are covered each by plant both sides, early August, often
Strain imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer 50g~60g；
Start to manage by the best fruiting period within 3rd year：Late April imposes urea 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；Mid-June falls
Urea is imposed after spending: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1: 2 mixed fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~25kg/666.7m2；Mid-July imposes
Stanley board composite fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2；Early August imposes urea: Stanley board composite fertilizer=1: 1
Mixed fertilizer 30kg/666.7m2~40kg/666.7m2, each top dressing is imposed with fertilizer-applicating gun, immediately in plant after late April top dressing
Both sides are covered each by that 40cm~50cm is wide, thickness is 10cm~15cm stalks or weeds；
The tillage and weeding in tara vine garden takes both of which：One kind is inter-row green covering, cradles 3 times~4 with brush cutter every year
It is secondary, keep natural plant height to be no more than 20cm；One kind be colonized then in the ranks between make short crop of soybean, the 3rd year starts by the first mould
Formula processing, urea, dosage 20kg/666.7m are spread fertilizer over the fields when entering rainy season to inter-row weed2~25kg/666.7m2；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Endangering the disease of tara vine has black spot, stem rot；Insect pest has chafer, hawkmoth class；The weeding of milpa sprinkling
Agent is also one of harm；
50m distances will will at least be kept, Environment-friendly integrated control is wanted to pest and disease damage away from corn field by cultivating tara vine：In
Squaring period sprays 500 times~600 times liquid of a carbendazim, and 1200 times~1500 times liquid are sprayed when fruit starts to expand and flutter sea
Cause；For hawkmoth class with seeing with grabbing, prevented and treated for the larva of chafer with muscardine, specific method refers to muscardine operation instruction
Book；
F, trim
Canopy hedge frame shaping, field planting seeding row spacing are that 0.8m × 3.0m does pruning by Dulong, and field planting seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 3.0m
By the dry pruning of double dragons, specific method is：
Field planting does pruning when young sprout grows into 15cm~20cm then, by Dulong needs the healthy and strong young sprout of growth selection to retain one
Individual, remaining is pruned off, retains young sprout bondage restocking, the pinching control length when young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m, and what is sent is secondary new
The tip stays 1~2, top, the pinching when 2~3 leaves of secondary young sprout base portion of reservation grow into normal size blade, with this
Analogize, late September to all Tippings, cuts when the winter cuts and stays 1.5m~1.7m；
Erased after Second Year rudiment all buds away from below earth's surface 50cm, the young sprout that the top bud is sent does extension young sprout, prolonged
When extending shoot grows into 15cm~20cm, a healthy and strong young sprout is stayed by 10cm~15cm spacing, when young sprout has grown into 6~8
Pinching during piece normal size blade, extend pinching control length when young sprout grows into 1.7m~1.9m, the processing of young sprout is sent out after pinching
Ibid, the winter cuts time delay long pruner and stays 1.5m~1.7m, and other processing are routinely；
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 3rd year to extending branch the top bud is done outside extension young sprout, remaining young sprout still by 10cm~
15cm spacing stays a healthy and strong young sprout, the pinching when young sprout has grown into 6~8 normal size blades, extends young sprout growth
To be grown to pinching control during 1.7m~1.9m, the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching is same as above, and the winter cuts time delay long pruner and stays 1.5m~1.7m, its
Its branch processing conventionally, when young sprout grows into 30cm~35cm foliage-spray 3000mg/L paclobutrazols (PP333) once, mainly
Being that control is long promotees flower；
The young sprout sent after rudiment in 4th year to extending branch stays a healthy and strong young sprout by 10cm~15cm spacing, when young sprout grows
To pinching when having 6~8 normal size blades, the processing that young sprout is sent out after pinching is same as above, and hedge frame Dulong is removed when the winter cuts
Branch on dry, the processing of nutrition branch, bearing basal shoot, fruitful branch is conventionally, other young sprouts are handled routinely；
Later trimming in 5th year does conventional treatment by best fruiting period pony set Dulong；
Tara vine cultivates the 3rd annual production in 75kg~100kg/667m2, the 4th annual production is in 300kg~400kg/
667m2, enter within the 5th year best fruiting period yield in 750kg~1000kg/667m2。
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| CN104718955A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-06-24 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | Planting method for high-yield kiwi fruit |
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| CN106258765A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-04 | 四川省益诺仕农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Actinidia arguta Sieb.et Zucc cutting propagation |
| CN106258764A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-04 | 四川省益诺仕农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Actinidia arguta Sieb.et Zucc cultural method |
| CN106550758A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-04-05 | 绥阳县绥花树型金银花农业发展有限公司 | Flos Lonicerae implantation methods |
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| CN109429853B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2021-04-02 | 四川省益诺仕农业科技有限公司 | Kiwi fruit green branch cutting seedling method |
| CN109275475B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-09-01 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Management method of breeding seedlings |
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| CN111567177A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-25 | 六安市农业科学研究院 | Method for restoring kiwi fruit garden soil |
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| CN112616461B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-03-08 | 鲁东大学 | Kiwi fruit green branch cutting seedling method |
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| JP2003265051A (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-24 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Method for cultivating fruit and method for preventing fruit anthracnose outbreak |
| JP2011244705A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-08 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Method for cultivating plant |
| CN102487774B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆鸿逸农业有限公司 | Pruning, reshaping and yield-increasing method of kiwi fruit in mountain land |
| CN103404401A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-11-27 | 重庆市善感农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting kiwi fruits |
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