CN103749108A - High-yield cultivation method for mulberries - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for mulberries. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a mulberry land: after harvesting spring crops in autumn or early winter each year, deeply ploughing the land once in time; selecting mulberry saplings: selecting grafted mulberry saplings which are suitable for local planting, pure in variety and uniform in sizes and have the characteristics of thick and strong mulberry saplings, complete root systems, no plant diseases and insect pests, good leaf texture, high yield and high stress resistance; managing a mulberry garden: a, performing intertillage weeding; b, applying spring, summer, autumn and winter fertilizers to the mulberry garden, wherein while applying the spring fertilizer, disbudding, pinching and trimming are performed.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to plant cultivation field, specifically a kind of mulberry tree high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Mulberry tree is a kind ofly to like sun, like wet perennial woody plant.Several times a year picking leaves is bred silkworms, and needs to consume a large amount of liquid manure.That kind of Sang Yi grasps is far away after first near, first fertile after thin principle.Mulberry tree strong adaptability, any soil all can be planted.Plant mulberry ground and should select pH value 4.5~9.0, saliferous is below 0.2%, have abundant water resources, soil layer is deep, organic abundant plot is for well, and mulberry tree is perennial dark root system woody plant, growth cycle is long, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, but growing of mulberry having relatively high expectations to soil and weather conditions, only, under fertile soil and good growing weather condition, mulberry tree could grow by normal growth.Therefore, must in optimum region, choose field and plant well mulberry tree, strengthen managing of mulberry field, production good quality and high output mulberry leaf, lay a good foundation for supporting the efficient silkworm of good quality and high output.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mulberry tree high-yield cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
Mulberry ground is selected: after annual autumn or crop sown in spring harvesting early winter, deep plough once in soil in time, the degree of depth 25 ~ 30 cm, then plant ditch by predetermined line-spacing excavation, and paddy field, fertile line-spacing 1.2 m pacifically, plant the wide 0.4 m × 0.4m of being of ditch depth; Gentle slope ground and meagerly by contour excavation surrounded by mountains, line-spacing 1.1 m, planting ditch depth wide is 0.4 m × 0.4 m, during excavation plantation ditch, excavation, has first dug the first ditch by standard from lower to upper, and per hectare applies farmyard manure 30 t+ calcium magnesium phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1 500 kg make base fertilizer, then the table of the 2nd ditch soil and cubsoil are returned in ditch successively, excavate by that analogy plantation ditch;
The selection of mulberry sapling: the kind that should select to be suitable for local plantation is pure, nursery stock mulberry sapling of uniform size, and mulberry sapling is sturdy, root system is complete, the grafting of, high yield type good without damage by disease and insect, the food value of leaf, strong stress resistance,
Plantation density and field planting method: before field planting, dark by predetermined spacing in the rows excavation along plantation ditch direction, the plantation pool of wide 25cm, paddy field, spacing in the rows 0.4 m pacifically fertilely, per hectare field planting 2.25 ten thousand strains, ground, gentle slope and meagerly spacing in the rows 0.35 m, per hectare field planting 2.55 ten thousand strains, after the plantation pool is dug, the mulberry sapling of choosing is vertically put into the central authorities on the plantation pool, root system is unfolded downwards naturally, unfold bending, buttress on the other hand mulberry sapling, another hand is backfilling into fine earth around root, gently carry mulberry sapling, stand solid with their feet, root system and soil are combined closely, stop up again one deck fine earth, hilling height is collar bluish yellow intersection top 7 ~ 10 cm, water sufficient normal root water, accomplish that Miao Zhenggen is straight, soil is thin, steady and sure, the depth is consistent,
Managing of mulberry field: a intertill and clean tillage: mulberry field fertilising is divided into spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, winter top dressing, spring fertilizer:
Bud thinning, pinching, prune: bud thinning carries out bud thinning when young sprout grows to 15 ~ 25cm, and the principle of removing bud is stayed a little less than being by force, outside staying in going, intensive place dredges more to be stayed less, gap is dredged and is stayed more less, general point is carried out for 2 times, when the high 7 ~ 10cm of mulberry shoot, carry out bud thinning the 1st time, staying bud amount is 2 times that every strain object is stayed bud amount, pinching: pinching, carrying out with before leaf 10 ~ 15 days, adopts pinching measure at tree type forming stage, can impel axillary bud sprouting branch, tree type is formed in acceleration, prunes: be mainly on mulberry tree raw thin and delicate small stems, intensive branch, descending branch and the stake of sick worm harm limb are cut with sharp keen mulberry, the pruning of mulberry saw or saw go, so that branch is evenly distributed, tree body nutrient supply is concentrated, and reduces damage by disease and insect generation in the coming year, in pruning, will cut, saw kerf is concordant, avoids cutting, saw improper cause new scar or dry stake, top clipping: utilize the botany principle of breaking mulberry branch apical growth advantage to cut off excessive growth part, make to set body nutrient supply and concentrate in branch, lower part, reduces freeze injury, improves germination rate next spring,
The extermination of disease and insect pest: the black white powder of mulberry be critically ill harmful leaf and the tender tip, their early stage can be with 5% polysulfide barium or 20% potassium sulfate spraying control; When serious, wipe out and burn susceptible branch, with 1% formalin sterilization clip, leaf blight: cut disease leaf, then with 1 000 times of liquid sprays of 70% thiophanate methyl, control, bacterial blight: with agricultural streptomycin 500 units spraying 2 ~ 3 times, every minor tick 7 days, brown spot: with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powders or 1 500 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, after 10 days, spray again 1, control efficiency is better, mulberry geometrid (Hemerophila atrilineata): harm blade, spray or artificial capture method with 90% chlorophos 1 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of mulberry tree high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) mulberry ground is selected: after annual autumn or crop sown in spring harvesting early winter, deep plough once in soil in time, the degree of depth 25 ~ 30 cm, then plant ditch by predetermined line-spacing excavation, and paddy field, fertile line-spacing 1.2 m pacifically, plant the wide 0.4 m × 0.4m of being of ditch depth; Gentle slope ground and meagerly by contour excavation surrounded by mountains, line-spacing 1.1 m, planting ditch depth wide is 0.4 m × 0.4 m, during excavation plantation ditch, excavation, has first dug the first ditch by standard from lower to upper, and per hectare applies farmyard manure 30 t+ calcium magnesium phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1 500 kg make base fertilizer, then the table of the 2nd ditch soil and cubsoil are returned in ditch successively, excavate by that analogy plantation ditch;
(2) selection of mulberry sapling: the kind that should select to be suitable for local plantation is pure, nursery stock mulberry sapling of uniform size, and mulberry sapling is sturdy, root system is complete, the grafting of, high yield type good without damage by disease and insect, the food value of leaf, strong stress resistance, can be mulberry kwangtung, Greater China, strong mulberry No. one, anti-blue or green No. 10; Mulberry sapling is classified by the kind of mulberry sapling, size after reclaiming, and long collar is cut off, long 20 cm that respectively stay of collar, then mulberry sapling is housed in to shady and cool place or heels in soil, the lime white with 20% before field planting soaks shoot root 30 min, and clear water dips in mud and transplants after rinsing;
(3) plantation density and field planting method: before field planting, dark by predetermined spacing in the rows excavation along plantation ditch direction, the plantation pool of wide 25cm, paddy field, spacing in the rows 0.4 m pacifically fertilely, per hectare field planting 2.25 ten thousand strains, ground, gentle slope and meagerly spacing in the rows 0.35 m, per hectare field planting 2.55 ten thousand strains, after the plantation pool is dug, the mulberry sapling of choosing is vertically put into the central authorities on the plantation pool, root system is unfolded downwards naturally, unfold bending, buttress on the other hand mulberry sapling, another hand is backfilling into fine earth around root, gently carry mulberry sapling, stand solid with their feet, root system and soil are combined closely, stop up again one deck fine earth, hilling height is collar bluish yellow intersection top 7 ~ 10 cm, water sufficient normal root water, accomplish that Miao Zhenggen is straight, soil is thin, steady and sure, the depth is consistent,
(4) managing of mulberry field: a intertill and clean tillage: can carry out 3 times for 1 year, be divided into spring ploughing, Xia Geng, winter ploughing, spring ploughing was carried out in conjunction with executing spring fertilizer in the middle of the month last ten-days period to 4 in March, uproot weeds, chesson, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15 cm, summer ploughs and generally after silkworm in spring is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with Shi Xiafei, carries out, it is mainly uproot weeds, the degree of depth is 7 ~ 10 cm, winter ploughing was carried out in conjunction with executing winter top dressing in 11 middle of the month in the middle of the month to 12, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 cm, deep ploughing in the ranks, near shallow plowing root, b weeding: mulberry field weeding is divided into 2 kinds of artificial weeding and chemical weed controls, answer the whole year emphasis to do a good job of it the spring, summer, autumn 3 season weeding, accomplish that the spring removes the grass of passing the winter, summer is except yellow plum grass, autumn is except setting seeds grass, the mulberry field four seasons lose grass, artificial weeding is the most frequently used herbicidal methods, in the critical period of weed growth, in conjunction with each intertillage, root out, the general fine day of selecting carries out, chemical weed control generally should rest in front 15 d that breed silkworms and carry out, conventional chemical herbicide has 10% gyphosate solution and 20% Gramoxone aqua, 10% gyphosate solution 7 500 ml or 20% Gramoxone emulsion 1 500ml for per hectare, to water 600 ~ 750 kg sprayings, herbicidal effect can reach more than 90%, during sericulture, ban use of chemical herbicide, when c water management runs into arid spring, necessary diversion irrigation, guarantee that the normal rudiment of mulberry tree takes out extending shoot, before rainy season set and when rainy, to note dredging drain ditch, prevent mulberry field ponding, the fertilising of d mulberry field is divided into spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, winter top dressing, spring fertilizer: March, the last ten-days period to 4, applied fertilizer the middle of the month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, per hectare is used urea 300 kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread or spreads manuer in holes, in mulberry tree one side, from root 10 ~ 15 cm places, excavate 1 wide 20 cm, the ditch of dark 15cm or dig 1 dark, the cave of wide equal 20 cm, fertilizer is applied in ditch or in cave, returning soil fills and leads up, summer fertilizer: after silkworm in spring is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, apply fertilizer, per hectare is executed urea 450 kg, fertilizing method is taked ditch spread or is executed cave, autumn fertilizer: after the summer, silkworm was placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, apply fertilizer, per hectare is executed urea 450 kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread or spreads manuer in holes, winter top dressing: apply fertilizer for 11 middle of the month in the middle of the month to 12 in conjunction with winter ploughing, per hectare is executed farmyard manure 22.5 ~ 30 t, calcium magnesium phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1 500kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread,
(5) bud thinning, pinching, prune: bud thinning carries out bud thinning when young sprout grows to 15 ~ 25cm, the principle of removing bud is stayed a little less than being by force, outside staying in going, intensive place dredges more to be stayed less, gap is dredged and is stayed more less, general point is carried out for 2 times, when the high 7 ~ 10cm of mulberry shoot, carry out bud thinning the 1st time, staying bud amount is 2 times that every strain object is stayed bud amount, pinching: pinching is exactly that the tender head on branch young sprout top is plucked, suppress its elongation growth, make originally to supply with the moisture of tender head growth, nutrient centralizedly supply is to spire, promote tender leaf growth, blade maturity on young sprout is reached unanimity, to improve practical leaf ratio, pinching is carrying out with before leaf 10 ~ 15 days, at tree type forming stage, adopt pinching measure, can impel axillary bud sprouting branch, tree type is formed in acceleration, prune: be mainly on mulberry tree raw thin and delicate small stems, intensive branch, descending branch and the stake of sick worm harm limb are cut with sharp keen mulberry, mulberry saw is pruned or saw goes, so that branch is evenly distributed, tree body nutrient supply is concentrated, reduce damage by disease and insect generation in the coming year, in pruning, to cut, saw kerf is concordant, avoid cutting, saw improper cause new scar or dry stake, top clipping: utilize the botany principle of breaking mulberry branch apical growth advantage to cut off excessive growth part, making to set body nutrient supply concentrates in branch, lower part, reduce freeze injury, improve germination rate next spring,
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: the black white powder of mulberry be critically ill harmful leaf and the tender tip, their early stage can be with 5% polysulfide barium or 20% potassium sulfate spraying control; When serious, wipe out and burn susceptible branch, with 1% formalin sterilization clip, leaf blight: cut disease leaf, then with 1 000 times of liquid sprays of 70% thiophanate methyl, control, bacterial blight: with agricultural streptomycin 500 units spraying 2 ~ 3 times, every minor tick 7 days, brown spot: with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powders or 1 500 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, after 10 days, spray again 1, control efficiency is better, mulberry geometrid (Hemerophila atrilineata): harm blade, spray or artificial capture method with 90% chlorophos 1 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction; The those of ordinary skill of all industry all can by specification described in and implement swimmingly the present invention; But all those skilled in the art are not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, can utilize disclosed above technology contents and a little change, the modification of making and the equivalent variations developing, be equivalent embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, the change of any equivalent variations that all foundations essence technology of the present invention is done above embodiment, modification and differentiation etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a mulberry tree high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
Mulberry ground is selected: after annual autumn or crop sown in spring harvesting early winter, deep plough once in soil in time, the degree of depth 25 ~ 30 cm, then plant ditch by predetermined line-spacing excavation, and paddy field, fertile line-spacing 1.2 m pacifically, plant the wide 0.4 m × 0.4m of being of ditch depth; Gentle slope ground and meagerly by contour excavation surrounded by mountains, line-spacing 1.1 m, planting ditch depth wide is 0.4 m × 0.4 m, during excavation plantation ditch, excavation, has first dug the first ditch by standard from lower to upper, and per hectare applies farmyard manure 30 t+ calcium magnesium phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1 500 kg make base fertilizer, then the table of the 2nd ditch soil and cubsoil are returned in ditch successively, excavate by that analogy plantation ditch;
The selection of mulberry sapling: the kind that should select to be suitable for local plantation is pure, nursery stock mulberry sapling of uniform size, and mulberry sapling is sturdy, root system is complete, the grafting of, high yield type good without damage by disease and insect, the food value of leaf, strong stress resistance, can be mulberry kwangtung, Greater China, strong mulberry No. one, anti-blue or green No. 10; Mulberry sapling is classified by the kind of mulberry sapling, size after reclaiming, and long collar is cut off, long 20 cm that respectively stay of collar, then mulberry sapling is housed in to shady and cool place or heels in soil, the lime white with 20% before field planting soaks shoot root 30 min, and clear water dips in mud and transplants after rinsing;
Plantation density and field planting method: before field planting, dark by predetermined spacing in the rows excavation along plantation ditch direction, the plantation pool of wide 25cm, paddy field, spacing in the rows 0.4 m pacifically fertilely, per hectare field planting 2.25 ten thousand strains, ground, gentle slope and meagerly spacing in the rows 0.35 m, per hectare field planting 2.55 ten thousand strains, after the plantation pool is dug, the mulberry sapling of choosing is vertically put into the central authorities on the plantation pool, root system is unfolded downwards naturally, unfold bending, buttress on the other hand mulberry sapling, another hand is backfilling into fine earth around root, gently carry mulberry sapling, stand solid with their feet, root system and soil are combined closely, stop up again one deck fine earth, hilling height is collar bluish yellow intersection top 7 ~ 10 cm, water sufficient normal root water, accomplish that Miao Zhenggen is straight, soil is thin, steady and sure, the depth is consistent,
Managing of mulberry field: a intertill and clean tillage: can carry out 3 times for 1 year, be divided into spring ploughing, Xia Geng, winter ploughing, spring ploughing was carried out in conjunction with executing spring fertilizer in the middle of the month last ten-days period to 4 in March, uproot weeds, chesson, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15 cm, summer ploughs and generally after silkworm in spring is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with Shi Xiafei, carries out, it is mainly uproot weeds, the degree of depth is 7 ~ 10 cm, winter ploughing was carried out in conjunction with executing winter top dressing in 11 middle of the month in the middle of the month to 12, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 25 cm, deep ploughing in the ranks, near shallow plowing root, b weeding: mulberry field weeding is divided into 2 kinds of artificial weeding and chemical weed controls, answer the whole year emphasis to do a good job of it the spring, summer, autumn 3 season weeding, accomplish that the spring removes the grass of passing the winter, summer is except yellow plum grass, autumn is except setting seeds grass, the mulberry field four seasons lose grass, artificial weeding is the most frequently used herbicidal methods, in the critical period of weed growth, in conjunction with each intertillage, root out, the general fine day of selecting carries out, chemical weed control generally should rest in front 15 d that breed silkworms and carry out, conventional chemical herbicide has 10% gyphosate solution and 20% Gramoxone aqua, 10% gyphosate solution 7 500 ml or 20% Gramoxone emulsion 1 500ml for per hectare, to water 600 ~ 750 kg sprayings, herbicidal effect can reach more than 90%, during sericulture, ban use of chemical herbicide, when c water management runs into arid spring, necessary diversion irrigation, guarantee that the normal rudiment of mulberry tree takes out extending shoot, before rainy season set and when rainy, to note dredging drain ditch, prevent mulberry field ponding, the fertilising of d mulberry field is divided into spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, winter top dressing, spring fertilizer: March, the last ten-days period to 4, applied fertilizer the middle of the month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, per hectare is used urea 300 kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread or spreads manuer in holes, in mulberry tree one side, from root 10 ~ 15 cm places, excavate 1 wide 20 cm, the ditch of dark 15cm or dig 1 dark, the cave of wide equal 20 cm, fertilizer is applied in ditch or in cave, returning soil fills and leads up, summer fertilizer: after silkworm in spring is placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, apply fertilizer, per hectare is executed urea 450 kg, fertilizing method is taked ditch spread or is executed cave, autumn fertilizer: after the summer, silkworm was placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, apply fertilizer, per hectare is executed urea 450 kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread or spreads manuer in holes, winter top dressing: apply fertilizer for 11 middle of the month in the middle of the month to 12 in conjunction with winter ploughing, per hectare is executed farmyard manure 22.5 ~ 30 t, calcium magnesium phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1 500kg, fertilizing method adopts ditch spread,
Bud thinning, pinching, prune: bud thinning carries out bud thinning when young sprout grows to 15 ~ 25cm, the principle of removing bud is stayed a little less than being by force, outside staying in going, intensive place dredges more to be stayed less, gap is dredged and is stayed more less, general point is carried out for 2 times, when the high 7 ~ 10cm of mulberry shoot, carry out bud thinning the 1st time, staying bud amount is 2 times that every strain object is stayed bud amount, pinching: pinching is exactly that the tender head on branch young sprout top is plucked, suppress its elongation growth, make originally to supply with the moisture of tender head growth, nutrient centralizedly supply is to spire, promote tender leaf growth, blade maturity on young sprout is reached unanimity, to improve practical leaf ratio, pinching is carrying out with before leaf 10 ~ 15 days, at tree type forming stage, adopt pinching measure, can impel axillary bud sprouting branch, tree type is formed in acceleration, prune: be mainly on mulberry tree raw thin and delicate small stems, intensive branch, descending branch and the stake of sick worm harm limb are cut with sharp keen mulberry, mulberry saw is pruned or saw goes, so that branch is evenly distributed, tree body nutrient supply is concentrated, reduce damage by disease and insect generation in the coming year, in pruning, to cut, saw kerf is concordant, avoid cutting, saw improper cause new scar or dry stake, top clipping: utilize the botany principle of breaking mulberry branch apical growth advantage to cut off excessive growth part, making to set body nutrient supply concentrates in branch, lower part, reduce freeze injury, improve germination rate next spring,
The extermination of disease and insect pest: the black white powder of mulberry be critically ill harmful leaf and the tender tip, their early stage can be with 5% polysulfide barium or 20% potassium sulfate spraying control; When serious, wipe out and burn susceptible branch, with 1% formalin sterilization clip, leaf blight: cut disease leaf, then with 1 000 times of liquid sprays of 70% thiophanate methyl, control, bacterial blight: with agricultural streptomycin 500 units spraying 2 ~ 3 times, every minor tick 7 days, brown spot: with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powders or 1 500 times of liquid spraying controls of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, after 10 days, spray again 1, control efficiency is better, mulberry geometrid (Hemerophila atrilineata): harm blade, spray or artificial capture method with 90% chlorophos 1 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid.
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CN113557895A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-29 | 溧阳市天目湖农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries |
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CN104081967A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-10-08 | 安徽华箔箔业科技有限公司 | Management method for mulberry field |
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CN107135896A (en) * | 2017-05-20 | 2017-09-08 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of mulberry sapling method for transplanting |
CN107172998A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-19 | 广西壮族自治区蚕业技术推广总站 | A kind of implantation methods of mountain region mulberry tree |
CN107396797A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-28 | 四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所 | One seed pod mulberry hedge frame is crawled formula cultural method |
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CN111264329A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-06-12 | 景古环境建设股份有限公司 | Planting method of landscaping nursery stocks |
CN113557895A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-29 | 溧阳市天目湖农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries |
CN114009280A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of vegetable mulberry suitable for mechanical harvesting |
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