CN107820973B

CN107820973B - Cultivation management method of U-shaped peach trees suitable for mechanical operation

Info

Publication number: CN107820973B
Application number: CN201711097634.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜纪红; 叶正文; 苏明申; 骆军; 周慧娟; 李雄伟; 张夏南
Original assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-09
Filing date: 2017-11-09
Publication date: 2020-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-09
Also published as: CN107820973A

Abstract

The invention provides a U-shaped peach tree shaping and trimming method suitable for mechanical operation and a southern peach tree mechanical cultivation and management method based on the U-shaped peach tree shaping and trimming method, and belongs to the field of cultivation and management of fruit trees. The invention discloses a method for shaping and pruning a U-shaped peach tree suitable for mechanical operation, which comprises the following steps: after field planting, the peach trees grow to 40-50 cm, and then the peach trees are timed to be dry, and 2 main branches extending in the row direction are selected and reserved to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees; and when the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 0.8-1.2 m, enabling the new tips of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain the U-shaped peach tree. The height of the U-shaped tree form control tree is below 3.5m, the crown width between lines is small, the yield is 500-800 jin/mu in the second year of field planting, the yield can reach 1000-1500 jin/mu in the third year, and early high yield is realized; all operations are performed mechanically, so that 30% of labor is saved; the cultivation mode of wide row spacing and close planting ensures that the tree body has good row spacing light transmission and good fruit quality, and has the characteristics of high yield, high quality, high yield in early stage and convenient full-mechanized operation.

Description

Cultivation management method of U-shaped peach trees suitable for mechanical operation

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of cultivation management of fruit trees, and particularly relates to a cultivation management method of a U-shaped peach tree suitable for mechanical operation.

Background

The peach trees are the fourth big fruit tree species in China, the planting area is wide, most of the peach trees are trimmed in production and are in open center type, large machinery cannot enter a peach orchard in the orchard production process or harvesting, the mechanization degree is low, the inclined main stem type peach tree cultivation method suitable for large mechanical operation is described in the prior patent CN106258750A, however, due to the fact that the inclined main stem type peach trees grow vigorously in the south, young shoots easily grow into thick big branches, under the action of the top advantages, the upper portion grows vigorously, the middle and lower portions are prone to shading seriously, the young shoots are withered, and the inclined main stem type peach tree is not suitable for peach tree cultivation in the south.

The development of fruit tree mechanization is closely related to the development of society and the formulation of policies, the current Chinese fruit tree growers mainly adopt a family mode, the planting area is small, the purchase machinery cost is high, the novel tree-shaped test period is long, and therefore the mechanization is difficult to popularize and apply in farmers. With the development of society, the development of urbanization of farmers causes that most of people engaged in agriculture are old people, the labor force is seriously lacked, the land circulation and other policies are out of the platform to enable the land to be integrated, more and more enterprises invest funds into the production of fruit trees, and the mechanized cultivation of fruit trees under the background becomes a problem which is urgently needed to be solved in the development of fruit tree industry. The mechanized research of the production of the peach trees in China is just started, particularly, no proper dwarfing stock exists in the peach trees at present, the growing quantity of the peach trees is large, and the fine spindle tree shape in apples cannot be used, so that how to develop the tree shape of the peach trees is suitable for the whole environment with rich rainfall and high temperature in the south, the mechanized operation can be carried out, and related contents are not related in the existing literature.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a cultivation and management method for a U-shaped peach tree suitable for mechanical operation, which can adapt to the overall environment with abundant rainfall and high temperature in the south.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a U-shaped peach tree shaping and trimming method suitable for mechanical operation, which comprises the following steps:

after field planting, the peach trees grow to 40-50 cm, and then the peach trees are fixed, and 2 main branches are selected and reserved to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees; and when the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 0.8-1.2 m, enabling the new tips of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain the U-shaped peach tree.

Preferably, the growth direction of the main branches is opposite to and relatively parallel to the row direction of the peach trees.

Preferably, the main branches are 10-20 cm away from the main trunk.

Preferably, the height of the crown of the U-shaped peach tree is controlled to be 3-3.5 m.

The invention also provides a southern peach mechanized cultivation method based on the shaping and trimming method, which comprises the following steps:

1) ridging 4.5-6.0 m wide ridges in the field, wherein grooves 35-50 cm deep are formed in two sides of each ridge, and the grooves 3m wide are staggered;

2) burying binding devices in a direction parallel to the ridges at intervals of 6-9 m;

3) planting a peach tree seedling every 2-3 m between the binding devices in the step 2);

4) carrying out pruning according to the pruning method of any one of claims 1 to 4 to obtain a U-shaped peach tree.

Preferably, the mechanical peach tree cultivation method further comprises the steps of managing the orchard ground, managing flowers and fruits and implementing an early high-yield flower-forming technology.

Preferably, the management of the orchard ground comprises grass growing in the whole orchard, grass growing in rows by arranging the tree trays in a covering manner or grass growing in rows by clearing the tree trays.

The pruning method provided by the invention can obtain the U-shaped peach tree which is suitable for the high-temperature and rainy environment in the south, the two main branches of the pruned peach tree are parallel to the row direction, the crown width of the branches extending in the row direction is reduced, after the U-shaped tree is formed, only two stages of branches, namely the main branch and the fruiting side branch, are arranged on the tree body, the fruiting side branch is planted on the main branch, the light transmission between the tree bodies is good, and the fruit quality is good. The mechanized peach tree cultivation method based on the U-shaped structure solves the problem that the south area is large in rainfall and needs to be drained through combination of the wide ditches and the wide ridges, avoids the problem that mechanical walking and operation are affected because a conventional drainage ditch is located between two rows, increases operation space between rows through a wide-row and compact cultivation mode, effectively reduces crown width of a tree body, particularly row-direction crown width, facilitates various machines such as a cultivator, a mist sprayer, a small tractor, a mower and the like to walk between rows conveniently, improves working efficiency, and saves 30% of labor; and the yield can be 500-800 jin in the second year of field planting, and 1000-1500 jin/mu in the third year, thus realizing the purpose of early high yield.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a U-shaped peach tree obtained by pruning according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the bearing of a U-shaped peach tree in the second year after planting according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the bearing of a U-shaped peach tree in the third year after planting according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a U-shaped orchard provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a tree on a ridge and a binding device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a diagram of a ridge pattern in soil preparation according to example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In the invention, the variety of the peach tree is preferably excellent nectarine and/or yellow peach variety in the south, more preferably fresh phoenix honeydew, a brocade garden, early-maturing nectarine Huyou 005, early-maturing yellow peach Jinchun and late-maturing yellow peach brocade; in the present invention, the peach tree is from Shanghai city academy of agricultural sciences. In the invention, the planting time of the peach trees in the south is preferably from the leaf fall of the peach trees to the bud before, and more preferably in winter, which is beneficial to the germination and growth of the fibrous roots of the peach trees.

In the invention, the trunk fixation height of the peach trees after field planting is 40-50 cm, which is beneficial to cultivation of the U-shaped tree shape of the peach trees.

After the peach tree finishes the fixed trunk germination, selecting and reserving 2 main branches to form an included angle of 40-60 degrees. In the method, after trunk setting, young shoots are sent out in 6 months, branches with opposite directions, the directions of the branches are relatively parallel to the row direction of a peach tree, the thicknesses of the branches are close to each other, and the branches are used as main branches, the distance between the main branches on main trunks is preferably 10-20 cm, the distance between the main branches is too close, the main branches are easy to split at the main branches in the growing process, the main branches are too far away, the needed tree shape is not formed, the main branches are too far away, and due to the advantage of the top ends, the two young shoots are large in growth potential difference, and the two branches are unbalanced in growth. In the invention, if the included angle is less than 40 degrees, the included angle can be formed into an included angle of 40-60 degrees in a branch pulling mode, the included angle of 40-60 degrees is favorable for preventing the main branch from being crushed or broken by fruits after the fruits are hung, the angle can also alleviate the tree vigor, increase the ventilation and light transmission in the tree body and is favorable for forming high-quality fruits, and the included angle is more preferably 45 degrees.

In the invention, when the distance between the top ends of 2 main branches reaches 0.8-1.2 m, preferably inserting bamboo poles at two sides of the tree, binding the main branches by using waste cloth strips, and then pulling the main branches onto the bamboo poles to enable the new tips of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain the U-shaped peach tree. In the present invention, the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches is preferably 1 m; in the invention, the crown height of the U-shaped peach tree is 3-3.5 m.

In the invention, in the shaping process of the U-shaped peach tree, the preferred pruning is that in the main branch growing process, when the length of the new shoots growing on the trunk is more than 30cm, the operations of pinching, picking branches, pulling branches and the like are carried out, the new shoots are controlled to grow vigorously and too thick, and the growth and thickening of the main branches are promoted; more preferably, autumn pruning is carried out once from 9 middle ten days to 10 months, the upper dense branches, the upright strong and vigorous branches and the bare-grown branches are mainly removed, ventilation light in the interior of the tree body is increased, and transformation of young sprout to flower sprout is promoted.

4) and (5) shaping and trimming according to the shaping and trimming method to obtain the U-shaped peach tree.

According to the invention, ridges with the width of 4.5-6.0 m are formed in the field, trenches with the depth of 35-50 cm are arranged on two sides of each ridge, and the trenches with the width of 3m are staggered. In the invention, an organic fertilizer is preferably applied to the soil before the ridges with the width of 4.5-6.0 m, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 5 tons per mu; the organic fertilizer is preferably decomposed farmyard manure, more preferably one or more of decomposed cattle manure, chicken manure and sheep manure, and most preferably decomposed cattle manure. In the invention, the ridges with the width of 4.5-6.0 m are preferably dug with small ditches in the middle of the ridges, the small ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 25-30cm are preferably dug with the small ditches in the middle of the ridges, so that the drainage in rainy seasons can be accelerated, and the mechanical operation cannot be influenced; the ridging is preferably operated using a machine, preferably an excavator, bulldozer, or machine.

According to the method, planting holes are preferably dug on the ridges, and the plant row spacing of the planting holes is preferably 3.5-4.5 m and 2-3 m; the planting holes are preferably dug by machinery, and the machinery is preferably a hole digger.

In the present invention, the trench is a drainage ditch; the width of the groove is preferably 2.5-3.5 m, and more preferably 3 m; the depth of the ditch is preferably 35-50 cm, more preferably 40cm, in the invention, the distance from the edge of the ditch close to the ridge to the tree on the ridge is preferably 50cm, and the distance between the tree on the ridge and the adjacent row is more preferably 4 m. In the invention, through the combination of the wide ditches and the wide ridges, the problem that the southern area has large rainfall and needs to be drained is solved, the problem that the walking and the operation of machinery are influenced because the conventional drainage ditch is positioned in the middle of two rows is also avoided, 4m is preferably reserved at two ends of the field so as to facilitate the mechanical turning around, and the wide row spacing is convenient for the mechanical operation under the condition of not influencing the drainage.

The binding device is buried every 6-9 m in the direction parallel to the ridges. In the invention, the binding device is preferably a cement column, and the cement column is preferably 2-3 m high, and more preferably 2.5m high; the cement column is preferably buried underground for 0.4-0.8 m, and more preferably buried underground for 0.5 m. The shape of the cross section of the cement column is not particularly limited, and the cross section of the cement column is preferably square, more preferably 9cm × 9 cm; the distance between the cement columns is preferably 6-9 m, and more preferably 6 m; the cement columns are preferably connected through plastic steel wires, and the more preferable plastic steel wires penetrate through the cement columns and are 0.5m, 1m and 2m in height respectively. In the invention, the cement column plays a role in binding the saplings and assisting in forming the U-shaped tree form on one hand, and can also effectively prevent the damage of typhoon to the U-shaped tree form on the other hand.

After the binding devices are buried, one peach tree seedling is fixedly planted between the buried binding devices every 2-3 m. In the invention, the peach variety is preferably nectarine and/or yellow peach variety with good quality in the south, more preferably fresh phoenix honeydew, a brocade garden, early-maturing nectarine Huyou 005, early-maturing yellow peach Jinchun and late-maturing yellow peach brocade, and the peach seedling comes from Shanghai city agricultural science academy; the planting time of the peach trees in the south is preferably after leaves of the peach trees fall to before sprouting, more preferably in winter, and the setting of the planting time is favorable for the sprouting and growth of fibrous roots of the peach trees.

The invention carries out shaping and trimming according to the shaping and trimming method to obtain the U-shaped peach tree. In the present invention, when the U-shaped tree form of the peach tree is formed and maintained, it is preferable to further include dormant period pruning and growing period pruning, and the dormant period pruning is preferably divided into young tree pruning, adult tree pruning and senescent tree pruning; the young tree pruning is preferably carried out on peach trees which are planted for 1-2 years, due to the natural condition in the south, the young trees grow vigorously, so that the young trees are light to prune in winter, long-branch pruning is mainly carried out, the branch retaining amount of the small trees is increased, the tree vigor is relieved, and on the redundant branches except for the skeleton branches forming the tree shape, the young trees can grow horizontally on the premise of not influencing the tree shape, the growth vigor is controlled, and the fruiting is facilitated; the adult tree pruning is preferably to be conducted on peach trees 3-6 years after planting, different pruning is conducted according to the tree vigor, the vigorous tree pruning is light, short sections are reduced or not reduced, and long-time placement and thinning pruning are mainly conducted; the trees with weak growth vigor can be mostly trimmed by adopting short sections to help the growth vigor of the trees and prolong the economic life, so in the production practice, thinning and trimming are combined, main side branch trimming needs to master strength inhibition and weakness strengthening and tree vigor balancing, crowns among plants are not suitable to cross, and need to retract in time, if the height of the trees is more than 3.5 meters, a top is timely sealed, the key point of the period is to culture a fruiting branch group and prolong the service life of the fruiting branch group, the fruiting branch group can adopt a double-branch updating method, a new vertical tip on the back is utilized, 4-6 bud weight short sections are reserved for promoting the generation of branches, so that the trees retract after fruiting, for some long branches, single-branch updating can also be adopted, and the trees retract in time after fruiting; the aged trees are pruned, preferably aiming at weak tree bodies, dark and dull leaves, a large amount of gummosis on trunks and main branches, the number of overgrown branches is reduced, the growth amount of new shoots is less than 30cm, and middle and small branch groups begin to die; few middle-long bearing branches, new branches germinate at bald parts at the lower parts, and bearing parts move outwards rapidly; the tips of main branches begin to dry up, the total bearing branches of the whole tree are reduced, the branch quantity per mu is reduced, the fruit size is obviously reduced, the yield is rapidly reduced, the quality of peach fruits is also reduced, except for the bearing branch group needing rejuvenation and updating in the period, the aged main branches and aged side branches need to be retracted and trimmed, the trimming quantity is increased, at the moment, if any spindly branch appears in the inner bore of the crown, the spindly branches in the inner bore are kept as much as possible, trimming or slight trimming is not carried out, the spindly branches can be converted into bearing branch groups in the second year, gaps are filled, the spindly branches are converted into bearing branch groups, and meanwhile, fertilizer and water management (base fertilizer is applied in autumn more, nitrogen fertilizer dosage is increased in spring) is enhanced, and the service life of old trees is prolonged. In the invention, the preferable mode of pruning in the growing period is to remove competitive buds near the cut of each level of extension branches, buds near the saw cut and shoots on the stock in 4 months, thereby protecting the good growth of useful buds; in the middle of 5 months, the newly grown bare branches are timely thinned, deleted or tip-twisted to reduce physiological fruit drop in the hard core period; removing upright and lightproof strong branches in 6-7 months, and improving the ventilation and light transmission of the tree crown; after harvesting, proper pruning is carried out once according to the canopy closure degree of the tree crown, so that the nutrients are supplied intensively, and healthy bearing branches are cultured.

The mechanical cultivation method of the southern peach trees preferably further comprises the technologies of managing orchard ground, managing flowers and fruits and achieving early high yield and flower formation, wherein the management of the orchard ground comprises full-garden grass generation, grass generation between rows of tree trays covered and arranged or row grass generation between clear ploughing of the tree trays; the full-garden grass growing is preferably provided with a micro-irrigation system and easily-mowed trees in an orchardUnder the premise of disk and row weed machinery (such as a mower and the like), grass is grown in the whole orchard, and by continuous mowing, organic matters and fertility of soil in the orchard can be slowly improved, a benign circulating system capable of sustainable development is formed, and the ecological system and the microenvironment of the orchard can be improved. In the invention, the tree disc covers grass prevention cloth and grass among rows, a simple irrigation system and a simple mowing machine are preferably arranged in an orchard, a mode that the tree disc covers the grass prevention cloth and the grass among rows can be selected, small gaps are formed on the grass prevention cloth, the tree disc has a ventilation function, general rainfall can permeate down, water under the tree disc is not easy to evaporate and dissipate, the tree disc weed can be prevented from growing, and the cost of manual weeding is saved; the grass prevention cloth is preferably a gardening black weeding ground cloth with the specification of 90g/cm²The width is 0.5 to 4.5 meters; the grass prevention cloth is used for removing weeds before being laid, the ground is leveled, the ground cloth is necessarily pulled straight and tightened when being laid, the ground cloth on the two sides of a tree is mutually connected and fixed through ground cloth nails, soil is not contained on the ground cloth as much as possible, weed breeding is avoided, a drip irrigation pipe can be placed under the ground cloth in an orchard with drip irrigation equipment, the ground cloth is lifted in winter, cleaning and airing are carried out, and the ground cloth is covered again in the next spring year after being ploughed once (30-40 cm deep) by combining base fertilizer applied in autumn (9-10 months). According to the invention, the tree disc is ploughed clearly and grass is grown between rows, preferably, an irrigation system is not arranged in an orchard, the annual rainfall of the area of the orchard is less, and grass growth in the orchard cannot be carried out, and the tree disc is covered to prevent grass from ploughing between rows or naturally growing grass; the natural grass is preferably not treated in the early stage of growth, the natural grass is allowed to grow freely, malignant weeds (weeds with strong adaptability, wide distribution range, large quantity, serious harm and difficult control, such as stramonium, chenopodium album, artemisia selengensis and imperata) are pulled out manually, when the grass grows to 30-50 cm, the grass is cut, the stubble height is 6-8 cm, the height of the weeds in the control row cannot exceed 50cm, the cut grass covers the periphery of a tree disc, and the cutting times in the whole year are 3-5 times.

In the invention, the means for high yield and flower formation is not particularly limited, and a conventional high yield and flower formation method well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted, in the invention, the early high yield and flower formation technology is preferably to promote the early growth and control the later growth, more preferably to fertilize more water before 7 months to promote the growth of saplings, paclobutrazol is used in late 7 months to control the vigor of trees to promote the formation of flower buds, and fertilizers are applied for 2-3 times per month in 4-7 months of the year: the volume ratio of water is 1: 4 (the thin water fertilizer refers to fertilizer formed by adding water to decomposed human excrement, urine and the like) or 0.5% of compound fertilizer to promote early formation of crowns, 150-fold 300-time paclobutrazol is sprayed in the middle of 7 months to control new tips to grow vigorously and promote flower buds, and after two weeks, if the tip control effect is not obvious (if the tip control effect is good, the growth point at the top stops differentiating, no tender leaves grow out, and if the tip control effect is not good, the new tips continue to extend), paclobutrazol is sprayed for one more time.

In the present invention, the means of flower and fruit management is not particularly limited, and conventional flower and fruit management methods well known to those skilled in the art may be adopted, and in the present invention, the flower and fruit management preferably includes flower and fruit thinning management and bagging management. The flower thinning and the fruit thinning are preferably carried out in the large bud period; thinning fruit is carried out two weeks after flower blooming and before the hard pit period. According to different variety characteristics and different ripening periods, the yield is adjusted by pruning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, and the yield per mu is generally controlled to be 1000-1500 kg; the bagging is preferably carried out on the middle-late-maturing variety, more preferably, the honey peaches are yellow bags, and the yellow peaches are yellow bags or black bags; the bagging time is delayed backwards according to the extension of the mature period, and the bagging is generally carried out from the middle of 5 months to the last of 6 months; before bagging, the pesticide of the bactericidal insecticide needs to be sprayed once.

The mechanized cultivation management of the invention preferably comprises that an excavator, a bulldozer and a bed building machine can be used for building a garden, and the hole digger is used for burying cement columns and digging fixed planting holes; during ground management of an orchard, a ditcher is used for ditching and cleaning, and a high-horsepower cultivator is used for intertillage and fertilization; when flowers and fruits are managed, a semi-automatic flower thinning device is used for thinning flowers; when pruning and branch treatment are carried out, electric scissors are used for pruning, a lifting platform is used for pruning the higher part, and a grinder is used for grinding the branches and returning the branches to the field; when weeding, the riding type mower and the handheld lawn mower are used for weeding in rows; an air-assisted spraying machine is used during spraying; in irrigation and fertilization, a drip irrigation system and a fertilization system (a venturi fertilizer applicator and a fertilization pump) are used; during picking, fruits and vegetables can be transported by means of the lifting platform and the small tractor, and fruit trees can be classified by utilizing various classification machines for automatic separation; the peach tree cultivation method based on the U-shaped structure solves the problem that the rainfall in the southern area is large and drainage is needed by combining the wide ditches and the wide ridges, avoids the problem that the walking and operation of machinery are affected because the conventional drainage ditches are positioned between two lines, increases the operation space between lines through a wide-line and dense cultivation mode, effectively reduces the crown width of a tree body, particularly the crown width of the lines, is convenient for various machinery such as a cultivator, a mist sprayer, a small tractor, a mower and the like to walk in operation between lines, improves the working efficiency and saves 30% of labor; and the yield can be 500-800 jin in the second year of field planting, and 1000-1500 jin/mu in the third year, thus realizing the purpose of early high yield.

The following will describe in detail the method for pruning a U-shaped peach tree and the method for cultivating a peach tree based on the same in accordance with the present invention with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Spreading 5 tons of decomposed cow dung per mu before land preparation;

1) in the field, a ridge with the width of 5m is formed by an excavator, trenches with the depth of 40cm are arranged on two sides of the ridge, and the trenches and the ridges are staggered (as shown in fig. 6);

2) burying a cement column with the height of 2.5m every 6m in the direction parallel to the ridges, and binding plastic steel wires at the positions of 0.5m, 1m and 2m of the cement column (as shown in figure 5);

3) planting one Huyou 005 seedling every 2m among the cement columns;

4) after field planting, fixing the trunk of the peach tree to 50cm, and selecting and reserving 2 main branches which are opposite in direction and are parallel to the row direction of the peach tree to form an included angle of 45 degrees; when the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 1.0m, enabling the new shoots of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain a U-shaped peach tree (shown in figure 1), and controlling the height of the crown to be below 3 m; the fruit trees begin to produce yield in the second year after planting (as shown in figure 2), and high yield in the third year (as shown in figure 3); the whole orchard adopts a whole orchard grass growing mode (as shown in figure 4).

Example 2

Spreading 5 tons of decomposed chicken manure per mu before land preparation;

1) in the field, a ridge with the width of 6.0m is formed by an excavator, trenches with the depth of 40cm are arranged on two sides of the ridge, and the trenches and the ridges are staggered;

2) burying cement columns with the height of 2.5m every 8m in the direction parallel to the ridges, and binding plastic steel wires at the positions of 0.5m, 1m and 2m of the cement columns;

3) planting a chinquapin seedling every 2.5m among the cement columns;

4) after field planting, fixing the trunk of the peach tree to 45cm, and selecting and reserving 2 main branches which are opposite in direction and are parallel to the row direction of the peach tree to form an included angle of 40 degrees; when the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 1.2m, enabling the new shoots of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain a U-shaped peach tree, and controlling the height of the crown to be below 3 m; the fruit trees begin to form yield in the second year after planting and begin to have high yield in the third year; the whole orchard adopts a natural grass growing mode.

Example 3

Spreading 5 tons of decomposed sheep manure per mu before land preparation;

1) a 4.5m wide ridge is formed in the field by an excavator, trenches with the depth of 50cm are arranged on two sides of the ridge, and the trenches and the ridges are staggered;

2) burying cement columns with the height of 2.5m every 9m in the direction parallel to the ridges, and binding plastic steel wires at the positions of 0.5m, 1m and 2m of the cement columns;

3) planting a beautiful seedling every 3m among the cement columns;

4) after field planting, fixing the trunk of the peach tree to 50cm, and selecting and reserving 2 main branches which are opposite in direction and are parallel to the row direction of the peach tree to form an included angle of 40 degrees; when the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 0.8m, enabling the new shoots of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain a U-shaped peach tree, and controlling the height of the crown to be below 3 m; the fruit trees begin to form yield in the second year after planting and begin to have high yield in the third year; the whole orchard adopts a mode of grass generation among covering grass prevention rows.

The data of tree height, east-west crown width, south-north crown width, single plant yield, average single fruit weight, acre yield and the like of the embodiments 1 to 3 are respectively measured,

TABLE 1 test data of different varieties of U-shaped trimmed

According to the embodiment, the U-shaped tree form is utilized, the height of the tree is controlled to be below 3.5m, the crown width between lines is small, the yield is 500-800 jin/mu in the second year of field planting, the yield can reach 1000-1500 jin/mu in the third year, and early high yield is realized; all operations are performed mechanically, so that 30% of labor is saved; the cultivation mode of wide row spacing and close planting ensures that the tree body has good row spacing light transmission and good fruit quality, and has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, high yield in early stage and full-mechanized operation.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical cultivation method for southern peach trees based on a U-shaped peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:

1) ridging 4.5-6.0 m wide ridges in the field, wherein grooves 35-50 cm deep are formed in two sides of each ridge, and the wide grooves and the wide ridges are staggered;

4) carrying out shaping and trimming according to the shaping and trimming method to obtain a U-shaped peach tree; the U-shaped peach tree shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:

fixing the trunk of the peach tree to 40-50 cm after field planting, and selecting and reserving 2 main branches after fixing the trunk to form an included angle of 40-45 degrees, wherein the direction is towards the row direction;

when 2 main branches grow until the distance between the top ends of the 2 main branches reaches 0.8-1.0 m, enabling the new tips of the main branches to grow vertically upwards to obtain a U-shaped peach tree;

the shaping and pruning of the U-shaped peach tree further comprises carrying out autumn pruning once from middle ten days of 9 months to 10 months, and mainly removing over-dense branches at the upper part, upright strong branches and bare branches;

the growth directions of the main branches are opposite and are relatively parallel to the row direction of the peach tree;

the distance between the main branches and the main trunk is 10-20 cm;

the height of the crown of the U-shaped peach tree is controlled to be 3-3.5 m;

digging a small ditch in the middle of the ridge in the step 1), wherein the width of the small ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the small ditch is 25-30 cm.

2. The mechanized cultivation method of southern peach of claim 1, further comprising managing orchard ground, managing flowers and fruits, and implementing early high yield flower-forming technology.

3. The mechanized cultivation method of southern peach of claim 2, wherein the management of the orchard floor includes growing grass all around or in rows covered by a tree tray or in rows ploughed by a tree tray.