CN113273422A

CN113273422A - Olive planting method

Info

Publication number: CN113273422A
Application number: CN202110461726.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖剑; 肖星; 刘伟; 黄露; 杨西镇; 肖辉海
Original assignee: Sichuan Huaou Olive Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Huaou Olive Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-27
Filing date: 2021-04-27
Publication date: 2021-08-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of olea europaea, which comprises the steps of garden selection, garden management, variety allocation, field planting, cultivation management and young forest management. Wherein, regarding garden selection, the low mountain gentle slope and the slope land of neutral or slightly alkaline calcareous soil with the soil air porosity of 20-30%, the permeability of 80-150mm/h and the pH value of 6-8 are selected for planting. And (3) garden arrangement: digging at least two strip-shaped ditches, wherein the width of each ditch is 120cm-160cm, and the depth of each ditch is 80cm-100 cm. Regarding variety configuration, a central configuration mode is adopted, and Poo or Luxing is selected as a pollination tree. Regarding the field planting, the olive Huaou No. 9 seedling which is born for 2 to 3 years, has the height of 100 to 200cm, the diameter of 5 to 15cm, complete root system and no mechanical damage or pest is selected. For cultivation management, water is poured every 5-7 days 25-35 days after planting. For young forest management, fertilization, pruning and pest control measures are taken. The invention can make olive Hua Euro No. 9 adapt to the climate and soil of Sichuan, and improve the high yield and stable yield and the product quality.

Description

Olive planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method of olea europaea.

Background

The olive is the best woody oil plant recognized in the world, has the characteristics of high yield, high quality and high benefit, and is an evergreen arbor species with drought resistance, light preference, barren resistance, strong growth force and long life. In recent years, the olive area in China is continuously enlarged, and the olive area is now an important economic plant in the preferential development of novel strategic industry in China.

The olive Huaou No. 9 belongs to a new plant variety, but the olive industry in China starts late, the research on the olive cultivation method is too general, the operability is not strong, and the climate of Sichuan is special, so that the olive does not give full play to the maximum economic benefit, the conditions of low yield, high volatility and low fruit quality occur, and the positivity of farmers in planting the olive is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the prior art research on the olive planting method is too general, and the operability is not strong.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a planting method of olea europaea, which enables the olea europaea No. 9 to be more suitable for the climate and soil of Sichuan, and improves the high yield, stable yield and product quality.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a planting method of olea europaea comprises the following steps:

a. garden selection: planting in a low mountain gentle slope and a slope land of neutral or slightly alkaline calcareous soil with the soil ventilation porosity of 20-30%, the permeability of 80-150mm/h, the underground water level low, good drainage, wide terrain, leeward and sunny and the pH value of 6-8;

in the step a, the oxygen demand of the olive root system is the maximum, the aeration porosity of the soil is required to be 20% -30%, the permeability is 80-150mm/h, and the pH value of neutral and slightly alkaline calcareous soil is generally 6.5-8.

b. Garden preparation: digging at least two strip-shaped ditches, wherein the width of each ditch is 120cm-160cm, and the depth of each ditch is 80cm-100 cm; the distance between the ditches is 5-7 m, a layer of 25-35 cm straws or weeds is laid at the bottom of the ditches, soil is covered by 8-12 cm, then a layer of lime is covered for disinfection, soil mixed with stones, calcium superphosphate, pesticides and cured chicken manure or cattle manure is filled in and covered on the lime and 8-12 cm higher than the horizon, and meanwhile, surface soil within 1 m nearby is covered by 60-80 cm higher than the ground;

in step b, the following are supplemented:

1. land preparation time: 3-6 months before olive planting;

2. the land preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) ridging (interplanting, topsoil piling, piling to form a steamed bun shape with the height of 60-80 cm and the diameter of 100 plus 120cm, forming drainage ditches at the periphery of the lower part of the pile in rainy season and draining redundant rainwater), piling with the ridge width of 100 plus 120cm to form a strip steamed bun shape, and naturally draining ditches (draining redundant rainwater and underground water in rainy season) at two sides of the ridge;

(2) ditching and ridging, wherein an excavator is used for deeply digging a belt or a strip-shaped ditch, the width of the ditch is 100 and 120cm, and the depth of the ditch is 30-50 cm; the distance between every two adjacent grooves is 6 meters;

3. the soil after ditching is built on the right side to form a ridge for planting the olive (a strip-shaped ridge, the ridge width is 100 plus 120cm, steamed bread is formed), and lime, organic matters, stones, calcium superphosphate, pesticides (ground insect light), cured chicken manure or cow manure and the like are added according to the soil condition:

(1) 1 layer (30 cm) of straw and weeds are paved at the bottom of the ditch;

(2) covering soil for 10 centimeters;

(3) coating a layer of thin lime for disinfection;

(4) filling soil mixed with stone, calcium superphosphate, pesticide (ground insect light), cured chicken manure or cattle manure on lime, preferably 10cm higher than horizon;

(5) covering the surface soil nearby by 60-80 cm (60-80 cm higher than the ground).

c. Variety allocation: selecting a Foo or Luxing as a pollinator by adopting a central configuration mode, planting a pollinator at the central position, and planting eight olive Huaou 9 plants around the pollinator;

d. planting: selecting No. 9 Chinese olive seedlings which are 2-3 years old, 100-200 cm high, 5-15 cm ground diameter, complete in root system, free of mechanical damage and plant diseases and insect pests, planting in 3-4 months in the current year, wherein the planting density is 4-6 m multiplied by 5m-7m, the row spacing is 5-7 m, the plant spacing is 4-6 m, and 20-25 Chinese olive seedlings are planted per mu;

e. cultivation management: watering every 5-7 days after planting for 25-35 days;

f. management of young forests: fertilizing, pruning and taking pest control measures.

In a further technical scheme, the step b further comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of comprehensively cultivating and reclaiming the garden 3-6 months before planting the olive No. 9 in Hua Europe, digging up miscellaneous trees and shrubs before land preparation, removing residual pile and residue, and then, deeply ploughing the soil comprehensively, wherein the soil deep ploughing is carried out by combining land leveling and soil improvement.

for the garden where the solanaceae crops are planted, other gramineous crops, beans, green manure and the like are planted for 1-2 years, and then olive Huaou No. 9 is planted.

In the technical scheme, the selected pesticide is the pesticide named as the ground insect light.

In a further technical scheme, the step d further comprises the following steps:

when planting in the backfilled pit or groove, determining a planting point according to the mark, and digging the planting pit by taking the planting point as a center. The diameter of the planting pit is larger than the horizontal root system of the nursery stock, and the depth of the planting pit is consistent with the original depth of the nursery stock in the soil or the height of the container;

removing the container when the olive is planted, lightly placing the seedling with the nutrient soil into the planting pit for righting, filling the soil to the root neck, and enabling the root neck of the planted seedling to be 20-30 cm higher than the ground so as to strictly prevent water accumulation due to settlement;

after planting, building a circular soil disk around the ground surface with the seedling trunk as the center, wherein the periphery of the seedling trunk is slightly higher, gradually lowers outwards, and the disk edge is slightly higher so as to facilitate watering and fertilizing;

immediately irrigating root fixing water into the tree tray after planting, inserting a wood pole with the length of 1.5-2.5 m as a support column beside the plant, wherein the support column needs to be upright, firm and wind-proof, the plant and the support column are crossed and tied firmly by a straw rope or a plastic soft rope to prevent the support column from scratching the bark of the tree, straighten the trunk and facilitate the balanced growth of lateral branches around the plant, and the tree tray is covered with grass or agricultural film to increase the temperature and preserve the soil moisture and promote rooting.

In a further technical scheme, the step e further comprises the following steps:

draining water in a low-lying land section of the terrain, applying a first nitrogen fertilizer 15-20 days after transplanting, applying 13-17 g of urea around each plant, applying a nitrogen fertilizer again 20-25 days later, and watering together with the nitrogen fertilizer in the same amount for 2 times;

observing the growth vigor of the plants in the growing period, keeping the trunks of the plants to grow straightly and not to deflect; observing the loosened soil and preserving soil moisture, and removing weeds; keep the orchard sanitary and prevent the infection of diseases and pests.

In a further technical scheme, the fertilization step in the step f is as follows:

removing high-density weeds which influence the growth of young trees in and around the tree disc, wherein the earthing range is based on the tree crown, the position inside the tree crown, which is close to the trunk, is slightly higher, and the position around the tree crown is lower, so that the tree disc is formed;

re-applying base fertilizer and then applying additional fertilizer, taking organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer as main materials and chemical fertilizer as auxiliary materials, comprehensively balancing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and applying trace elements and microbial fertilizer in a combined manner;

applying N fertilizer mainly in 3-4 months; n, P fertilizers are mainly used from the end of 5 months to the middle of 6 months; k fertilizer application is mainly carried out for 6-7 months; and (3) applying a base fertilizer by combining hole expanding and soil improving in 11-12 ten days in the middle of the month, wherein the main fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer, 10kg-20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5kg-1kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to the plants.

In a further technical scheme, the trimming step of the step f is as follows:

thinning branches mainly in winter and spring, and pinching, bud picking and tiller removing mainly in summer;

selecting and reserving primary and secondary main branches and side branches, and pruning diseased and insect branches and overgrown branches disturbing the tree form;

thinning dense branches, overlapped branches and crossed branches, cutting extended branches and vigorous branches, reserving more horizontal branches and outward branches, reserving auxiliary nourishing branches and small branches, and adopting a three-main-branch natural open-heart shape in a tree form.

The trimming step further comprises the following steps:

in 2-3 years after the field planting of the nursery stock, 3 strong growing branches are selected and reserved at the position 60-80 cm away from the ground at the height of the nursery stock from bottom to top, the interlayer spacing is about 15-20 cm, the three branches are uniformly distributed in three directions, the side branches with the plane included angle of 120 degrees are cultured into three main branches, the included angles between the three main branches and a trunk are 40-50 degrees, the three main branches are allowed to naturally grow obliquely, when the length reaches 2.5-3.5 m, the top ends of the main branches are cut off when 5-6 first-stage side branches are arranged on each main branch, the three main branches are naturally open-heart-shaped, meanwhile, 5-6 first-stage side branches are alternately reserved in the left side direction or the right side direction or the outer side direction on the three main branches according to the interval of 45-55 cm, and the rest of the three main branches are cut off or shortened.

In a further technical scheme, the pest control measures of the step f comprise the following steps:

and (3) irrigating and fertilizing regularly, strengthening tending management, enhancing tree vigor, observing soil drainage and ventilating and light-transmitting tree crowns.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the olive Huaou No. 9 can be more suitable for the climate and soil of Sichuan, and the high yield, stable yield and product quality are improved;

2. for olive planting, fruits are harvested, and the yield and quality of the fruits depend on a root system with robust growth and an orchard with high and stable yield;

3. the ridge culture is beneficial to the growth of crop roots, drainage and waterlogging prevention, and can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field and the centralized fertilization.

Detailed Description

The following provides a detailed description of embodiments of the invention.

Example 1:

a specific planting method of olive Huaou No. 9 comprises the following specific steps:

(1) selection of garden

The method comprises the steps of selecting a low mountain gentle slope and a slope land of neutral or slightly alkaline calcareous soil with the soil ventilation porosity of 20-30%, the permeability of 80-150mm/h, the underground water level low, the drainage good, the terrain wide, the leeward and sunny side and the pH value of 6-8 for planting.

(2) Garden preparation

Soil deep ploughing is preferably carried out in combination with land leveling and soil improvement. Planting other gramineous crops or beans, green manure and the like for 1-2 years in a garden where solanaceae crops are planted, and then planting the olive. Deeply digging a belt or a strip-shaped trench by using an excavator, wherein the width of the trench is 120cm-160cm, and the depth of the trench is 80cm-100 cm; the trench-to-trench spacing was 6 m. 1 layer of 30cm straws and weeds are paved at the bottom of the ditch; covering soil of 10cm, and covering a layer of thin lime for disinfection; filling soil mixed with stone, calcium superphosphate, pesticide (ground insect light), and cured chicken manure or cattle manure, and covering on lime 10cm higher than horizon. Covering the nearby surface soil and raising the surface soil to 60-80 cm above the ground.

(3) Variety allocation

Adopting a central configuration mode, selecting the Poyola or the Luxing as pollinating trees, planting 1 pollinating tree at the central position, and planting 8 olive Huaohu No. 9 plants around.

(4) Planting

And (3) selecting robust Huaou No. 9 seedlings, and planting in 3-4 months, wherein the planting density is 5m multiplied by 6m, the row spacing is 6m, the plant spacing is 5m, and 22 plants are planted per mu. The depth of the planting pit is consistent with the original seedling planting depth or the height of the container, soil is filled to the root neck, and the root neck of the planted seedling is 20cm-30 cm higher than the ground, so that the sunk water accumulation is strictly prevented. After planting, a round soil disk is built around the ground surface with the seedling stems as the center. The seedling stem is slightly higher around, gradually lower outwards and slightly higher at the edge of the plate, so as to facilitate watering and fertilizing. Immediately after planting, the tree tray is filled with sufficient root fixing water, and a wood pole with the length of about 2m is inserted beside the plant to be used as a support. The struts must be upright, strong, and wind-resistant. Plant and pillar are cross tied firmly by straw rope or plastic soft rope, preventing the pillar from scratching the bark, straightening the trunk, and facilitating the balanced growth of the lateral branches around the plant. The tree tray is covered with grass or agricultural film to raise temperature and preserve soil moisture and promote rooting.

(5) Cultivation management

And (3) watering management is mainly performed 30 days after planting, the watering amount and the interval time are determined according to weather conditions, water is watered once in 5-7 days generally, and water drainage needs to be paid attention to in low-lying land sections of the terrain. After transplanting, the plants can survive in 15-20 days, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied for the first time in the stage, about 15g of urea is applied around each plant, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for another time every 20-25 days, the total time is 2 times, the usage amount is the same as that of the nitrogen fertilizer, and watering is carried out together with the nitrogen fertilizer application. The growth vigor of the plants should be noticed in the growth period, and the trunks of the plants are kept to grow straightly and cannot be deflected; loosening soil, preserving soil moisture and removing weeds; keep the orchard sanitary and prevent the infection of diseases and pests.

(6) Management of young forests

a. Fertilizing

And removing high-density weeds affecting the growth of the saplings in and around the tree disc at proper time. The range of the hilling is based on the crown, the position inside the crown, which is close to the trunk, is slightly higher, and the periphery of the crown is a little lower, so that a tree disc is formed. Applying N fertilizer mainly in 3-4 months; n, P fertilizers are mainly used from the end of 5 months to the middle of 6 months; k fertilizer application is mainly carried out in 6-7 months; and (3) in the middle ten days of 11 to 12 months, hole expanding, soil improving and base fertilizer applying are combined, the decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly applied, 10-20kg of the decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5-1kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied.

b. Pruning

In winter and spring, branch thinning is mainly used; picking, bud picking and tiller removing are mainly used in summer. 2-3 years after the field planting of the nursery stock, 3 strong branches are selected and reserved from bottom to top at the position 60cm-80cm away from the ground, the interlayer spacing is about 15cm-20cm, the three branches are uniformly distributed in three directions, and the side branches with the plane included angle of 120 degrees are cultured into three main branches. The included angle between the three main branches and the main trunk is about 45 degrees, the three main branches are allowed to naturally grow obliquely, when the length reaches about 3m and each main branch is provided with 5-6 primary side branches, the top ends of the main branches are cut off, and the three main branches are in a natural open heart shape. Meanwhile, 5-6 first-stage lateral branches are alternately selected and remained on the three main branches in the left and right sides or the outer sides according to the distance of 50cm, and the rest of the three main branches are subjected to thinning shearing or chopping.

Example 2:

first, selecting a suitable land

The oxygen demand of the olive root system is the largest, the soil aeration porosity is required to be 20% -30%, the permeability is 80-150mm/h, the neutral and slightly alkaline calcareous soil is adopted, and the pH value is generally 6.5-8.

Second, soil preparation

1. Land preparation time: 3-6 months before olive planting;

2. the land preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) 1 layer (30 cm) of straw and weeds are paved at the bottom of the ditch;

(2) covering soil for 10 centimeters;

(3) coating a layer of thin lime for disinfection;

Thirdly, planting

1. Adjusting seedlings to prepare for planting; preparing 1.5m bamboo poles, one for each tree, and using the bamboo poles as planting pillars; the rope for fixing can be a plastic belt; preparing a water source and pumping equipment, and irrigating enough water for the first time after planting the seedlings;

2. planting density: 6m is multiplied by 6m, the row spacing is 6m, and the plant spacing is 6 m; the interplanting density is 10m multiplied by 6m, the row spacing is 10 meters, and the plant spacing is 6 meters;

3. planting time: the planting is better in spring for 3-5 months and autumn for 9-10 months;

4. the planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) digging planting pits according to the plant spacing, wherein the planting pits are 35cm multiplied by 35cm, and are preferably slightly larger than the roots of the seedling; the planting depth is consistent with the depth of the original nursery;

(2) putting the seedlings in the dug planting pits;

(3) filling fine soil with a large amount of organic matters around the seedlings, slightly compacting the small soil around the root systems after the seedlings are completely filled with the soil, and then building ridges around the planting pits to form watering trays;

(4) irrigating root fixing water, wherein enough water must be irrigated for the first time;

(5) inserting a bamboo pole with the length of about 1.5m beside the plant as a support column, and using a rope to cross and fasten the plant and the support column to prevent the support column from scratching the bark. The tree disks are covered with grass, so that the temperature is increased, the soil moisture is preserved, and the rooting is promoted.

Fourth, manage

1. And (3) watering and managing after planting: watering management is mainly performed 30 days after planting, the survival moisture of the seedlings is guaranteed, water is generally watered once in 5-7 days, and the watering amount and the interval time are determined according to the weather conditions;

2. fertilizing and managing after planting: the seedlings with the nutrition pot soil survive and grow 15 days after being planted, and the seedlings with bare roots survive and grow 20-25 days after being planted. Generally, clear liquid dung can be applied once 25 days after planting; applying the first nitrogen fertilizer (or applying about 15g urea around each plant with the first nitrogen fertilizer) for 40-45 days, applying the nitrogen fertilizer again every 20-25 days for 2 times, and watering together with the nitrogen fertilizer.

3. Paying attention to the growth vigor of the plants, keeping the trunks of the plants to grow straightly and not to deflect; soil loosening and soil moisture conservation are also needed to be paid attention to, and weeds are removed; keep the orchard sanitary and prevent the infection of diseases and pests.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The olive planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The olive planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, the method further comprises the following steps:

3. The olive planting method according to claim 2, wherein in the step b, the method further comprises the following steps:

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in step b, the pesticide is tebufenpyrad.

5. The olive planting method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps in step d:

6. The olive planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step e, the method further comprises the following steps:

7. The olive planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step f, the step of applying fertilizer is as follows:

8. The olive growing method according to claim 1, wherein in step f, the trimming step is as follows:

9. The olive growing method according to claim 8, wherein in the step f, the step of pruning further comprises:

10. The method for planting olea europaea according to claim 1, wherein the step of the pest control measures in step f is as follows: