CN105309261A - Production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings - Google Patents
Production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN105309261A CN105309261A CN201410372946.0A CN201410372946A CN105309261A CN 105309261 A CN105309261 A CN 105309261A CN 201410372946 A CN201410372946 A CN 201410372946A CN 105309261 A CN105309261 A CN 105309261A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings. The high dwarfing rootstock apple seedlings comprise high dwarfing interstock apple seedlings and high dwarfing self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings. The height of dwarfing rootstocks of the dwarfing interstock apple seedlings or the dwarfing self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings is increased to 50-60 cm from current height of 20-30 cm, tree planting after ridging is not required, watering is easily performed, and the drought resistant ability is high. By comparison with a method for planting the apple seedlings on ridges after ridging, the survival rate of the seedlings is high. After field planting, 30 cm high ridges are formed in combination of fertilization in the first three years, 20-30 cm high dwarfing rootstocks on the ground are still reserved and take roots, own-root apple trees are grown and grow stably, fruits are high-quality, and the defects of canopy closure of a fruit garden and reduction of fruit quality due to the fact that apple trees vigorously grow after ridging of the conventional dwarfing apple seedlings are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of apple seedling, especially a kind of production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling.
Background technology
In known technical field, modern Apple Culture technical research shows: Root growth not only can avoid dead tree that autumn, damage caused by waterlogging caused and tree vigo(u)r significantly to slacken the serious plant disease caused, and impel the root system of apple tree to become good configuration (as seen: " fruit tree ridging Mulching cultivation Summary on technology "-" Shanxi fruit tree ", 2012, the 5th phase; " Root growth is on the impact of root system of the apple configuration "-" deciduous fruit tree ", 04 phase in 2009), thick minimizing, capillary root increases, and shortens nutrient transport distance, adds the output of the basic element of cell division, is conducive to tree body stable growth and becomes bow structure fruit.
The production downgrading apple seedling at present both at home and abroad comprises dwarfing interstock apple seedling and Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, and the height of dwarfing interstock and Dwarf rootstocks is 20 ~ 30cm, is only suitable on mountain area or hills, not Root growth condition Xia Jian garden.In the apple Root growth of Plain, as planted rear ridging, then occur that the dwarfing rootstock juggle basseted is too short, or cultivar takes root, lose the dwarfing effect of dwarfing rootstock, set prosperous length, become Qiao Huashu, orchard closing, illumination is poor, and fruit color is poor, and fruit quality reduces; The height of tree reaches 5 ~ 6m, the pruning of fruit tree, spray medicine, flower and fruit thinning, bagging and picking fruit difficulty, more cannot carry out machinery to prune and spray medicine, do not meet the requirement of modern apple dwarf intensive culture (as seen: " Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees Study and appliance present situation "-Shihezi Univ's journal, 7th volume, the 4th phase); If ridging before planting seedling is then because of spring arid, and ground is uneven, difficulty of watering, and dry soon on ridge after watering, under the condition dropped into without the high standard such as water-fertilizer integral, drip irrigation, survival rate is extremely low, is generally 40 ~ 65%; And the base anvil Malus spectabilis because of dwarfing interstock seedling after building garden has bound feet phenomenon and the performance with the affine difference of interstock, have the tree of about 8.3% to occur lodging and windbreak, cause being short of seedling or garden as uneven.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the problems referred to above, provide a kind of can without the need to the production method of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling of planting trees after ridging.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A production method for high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling, described high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling comprises high dwarfing interstock apple seedling and high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling two kinds,
If produce high dwarfing interstock apple seedling, comprise the steps:
A () enters the winter before, choose full Mains micromalus or hupehensis Rehd seed sand Tibetan, March in spring of waiting for the coming year is sowed after Seed sprouting, trench digging drilling, ditch depth is 4 ~ 5cm, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and fertilizer thickness is 0.5cm, then earthing 1cm, the seed uniform broadcasting bottom of trench husky by band, the density spacing of seed is about 1cm, and upper strata earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm, last covering with plastic film heats moisturizing.
B (), after early April, seedling all sprouted, throws off mulch film, watering moisturizing 3 days, completes hardening.
(c) uprooting weed in time, in good time watering, fertilizing, namely the thick Mmalus prunifolia of leading thread 0.3 ~ 1.2cm is grown up to after fallen leaves, Second Year selects the Mmalus prunifolia of more than leading thread rugosity 0.5cm spring, at distance ground 5 ~ 10cm place grafting dwarfing rootstock, according to the seeding row spacing field planting of 20 × 30cm in nursery, Malus spectabilis sprout tillers of erasing in time, impels the dwarfing rootstock wood bud of grafting to sprout.
D () is after dwarfing rootstock height reaches more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 50 ~ 60cm place, ground, grafting adopts T-shape bud grafting method, within after grafting 10 days, check Survival rate of nursery stock situation, determine that the seedling survived cuts anvil, within 7 days, check the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock afterwards, erase in time after discovery, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards.
E namely () autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedling after fallen leaves,
F in () the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, namely autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedlings after fallen leaves.
If produce high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, comprise the steps:
I () first cultivates Dwarf rootstocks seedling, by wide, dark each 20cm trench digging, to dig pit field planting Dwarf rootstocks at bottom of trench, tilting with ground along ditch is 30 degree of angles, carves bud at branch back, promotes that back bud is evenly sprouted, spacing 10cm, the dwarfing rootstock of sprouting is new when slightly length reaches 20cm, flattened by former maternal branch, bury native 5cm, what make that quarter, bud grew is new slightly upright, and dwarfing rootstock is when newly slightly length reaches 50cm, earthing 20cm again, through fertilizing, watering management, grow to 40 ~ 60cm then.
(ii) after Second Year dwarfing rootstock in summer seedling grows into more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 60cm place, ground, grafting is after 10 days, anvil is cut to grafting survival seedling, check after 7 days, and the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock of erasing in time, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling
(iii) retain full bud the 3rd year spring surely to do, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedlings.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention by the dwarfing interstock of apple seedling or downgrade own-rooted tree stock height by current productions highly 20 ~ 30cm, bring up to 50 ~ 60cm, without the need to planting trees after ridging, easily water, drought-resistant ability is strong, compared with apple seedling being planted on ridge with after ridging, plant percent is high, after Fertilizers ridging 30cm, overground part dwarfing rootstock still retains 20 ~ 30cm, dwarfing rootstock is taken root, become apple dwarf own-root tree, growth is stable, result high-quality, avoid tradition and downgrade the prosperous length of apple tree after apple seedling ridging, cause orchard closing, the disadvantage that fruit quality reduces, especially high dwarfing interstock apple seedling builds garden, after 3 years ridgings, utilize the feature of plain soils poor air permeability, suppress the growth of base anvil Malus spectabilis root system, high dwarfing interstock apple tree is made to be converted into Dwarf rootstocks apple tree, considerably reduce and build garden seedling cost (being only apple dwarf from 1/3 of root anvil seedling valency), achieve the dream that low developed area orchard worker utilizes apple dwarf own-root tree to produce.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is dwarfing apple seedling and the high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling contrast legend morphologically of produced in conventional processes in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling in the present invention, after Root growth manages 3 years, with the contrast legend of the dwarfing apple seedling upgrowth situation of produced in conventional processes;
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, only basic structure of the present invention are described in a schematic way, and therefore it only shows the formation relevant with the present invention.
The preferred embodiment of the production method of a kind of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling of the present invention is as follows: described high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling comprises high dwarfing interstock apple seedling and high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling two kinds,
If produce high dwarfing interstock apple seedling, comprise the steps:
A () enters the winter before, choose full Mains micromalus or hupehensis Rehd seed sand Tibetan, March in spring of waiting for the coming year is sowed after Seed sprouting, trench digging drilling, ditch depth is 4 ~ 5cm, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and fertilizer thickness is 0.5cm, then earthing 1cm, the seed uniform broadcasting bottom of trench husky by band, the density spacing of seed is about 1cm, and upper strata earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm, last covering with plastic film heats moisturizing.
B (), after early April, seedling all sprouted, throws off mulch film, watering moisturizing 3 days, completes hardening.
(c) uprooting weed in time, in good time watering, fertilizing, namely the thick Mmalus prunifolia of leading thread 0.3 ~ 1.2cm is grown up to after fallen leaves, Second Year selects the Mmalus prunifolia of more than leading thread rugosity 0.5cm spring, at distance ground 5 ~ 10cm place grafting dwarfing rootstock, according to the seeding row spacing field planting of 20 × 30cm in nursery, Malus spectabilis sprout tillers of erasing in time, impels the dwarfing rootstock wood bud of grafting to sprout.
D () is after dwarfing rootstock height reaches more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 50 ~ 60cm place, ground, grafting adopts T-shape bud grafting method, within after grafting 10 days, check Survival rate of nursery stock situation, determine that the seedling survived cuts anvil, within 7 days, check the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock afterwards, erase in time after discovery, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards.
E namely () autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedling after fallen leaves,
F in () the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, namely autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedlings after fallen leaves.
If produce high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, comprise the steps:
I () first cultivates Dwarf rootstocks seedling, by wide, dark each 20cm trench digging, to dig pit field planting Dwarf rootstocks at bottom of trench, tilting with ground along ditch is 30 degree of angles, carves bud at branch back, promotes that back bud is evenly sprouted, spacing 10cm, the dwarfing rootstock of sprouting is new when slightly length reaches 20cm, flattened by former maternal branch, bury native 5cm, what make that quarter, bud grew is new slightly upright, and dwarfing rootstock is when newly slightly length reaches 50cm, earthing 20cm again, through fertilizing, watering management, grow to 40 ~ 60cm then.
(ii) after Second Year dwarfing rootstock in summer seedling grows into more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 60cm place, ground, grafting is after 10 days, anvil is cut to grafting survival seedling, check after 7 days, and the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock of erasing in time, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling
(iii) retain full bud the 3rd year spring surely to do, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedlings
Downgrade apple seedling for these two kinds all can to plant on level land, ridging before unnecessary cultivation seedling, and suitably deeply can plant 5 ~ 10cm, late fall or spring plant all to have and easily water, the advantage that survival rate is high.After entering rainy season, organic matter or fertilizer are sprinkling upon on tree dish, firming ridging, annual 10cm, after 3 years, ridging height reaches 30cm.
The interstock hypomere of high dwarfing interstock seedling is taken root, and the root system of base anvil Mains micromalus or hupehensis Rehd shrinks, and forms apple dwarf own-root tree, and growth is stable, result high-quality;
High Dwarf rootstocks seedling same method ridging, after 3 years, forms double-deck root, waterlogging-resistant drought-enduring, possesses apple dwarf own-root tree feature, stabilization result, good quality and high output.High dwarfing rootstock nursery stock is used for hills and mountain area, deeply should plant 10 ~ 20cm, and shallow embedding soil, makes around nursery stock recessed, be convenient to water, and retains later and waters puddle, for coalescent rainwater, increase substantially drought-resistant ability and the survival rate of apple tree.
The dwarfing apple seedling of current produced in conventional processes, no matter be dwarfing interstock seedling or Dwarf rootstocks seedling, the height of dwarfing rootstock juggle is all at 20 ~ 30cm, the height of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling dwarfing rootstock juggle is 50 ~ 60cm, because the height of its dwarfing rootstock adds 20 ~ 30cm, after ridging 30cm, the dwarfing rootstock juggle of 20 ~ 30cm is still had to basset, to the growth of apple tree and result, there is good control action, apple tree height about 3.5m, Growth status is stablized, and result is good, meets the requirement of modern apple intensive cultivating; And the dwarfing rootstock height of the dwarfing apple seedling of produced in conventional processes is all at below 30cm, the dwarfing rootstock juggle basseted after ridging has and a small amount of reaches 3 ~ 5cm, and major part can't see dwarfing rootstock from ground, and have the kind of a large amount of apple tree to take root, lose Dwarf Effect on Dwarf, Apple Growth is vigorous, highly reaches more than 4m, close to Qiao Huashu, cannot carry out intensive cultivating, hat width increases, and causes orchard closing, fruit color is poor, and fruit quality reduces.And high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling can suitably be planted deeply, easily water, drought-resistant, make plant percent improve 34 ~ 47%, definite value amount of growth then on average adds 220cm.
As Fig. 1 is shown in the dwarfing apple seedling of produced in conventional processes and the difference morphologically of high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling,
After Root growth manages 3 years, the dwarfing apple seedling of produced in conventional processes is different from high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling upgrowth situation, as seen Fig. 2.
With above-mentioned according to desirable embodiment of the present invention for enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff in the scope not departing from this invention technological thought, can carry out various change and amendment completely.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on specification, must determine its technical scope according to right.
Claims (1)
1. a production method for high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling, described high dwarfing rootstock apple seedling comprises high dwarfing interstock apple seedling and high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling two kinds, it is characterized in that:
If produce high dwarfing interstock apple seedling, comprise the steps:
A () enters the winter before, choose full Mains micromalus or hupehensis Rehd seed sand Tibetan, March in spring of waiting for the coming year is sowed after Seed sprouting, trench digging drilling, ditch depth is 4 ~ 5cm, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and fertilizer thickness is 0.5cm, then earthing 1cm, the seed uniform broadcasting bottom of trench husky by band, the density spacing of seed is about 1cm, and upper strata earthing 0.5 ~ 1cm, last covering with plastic film heats moisturizing.
B (), after early April, seedling all sprouted, throws off mulch film, watering moisturizing 3 days, completes hardening.
(c) uprooting weed in time, in good time watering, fertilizing, namely the thick Mmalus prunifolia of leading thread 0.3 ~ 1.2cm is grown up to after fallen leaves, Second Year selects the Mmalus prunifolia of more than leading thread rugosity 0.5cm spring, at distance ground 5 ~ 10cm place grafting dwarfing rootstock, according to the seeding row spacing field planting of 20 × 30cm in nursery, Malus spectabilis sprout tillers of erasing in time, impels the dwarfing rootstock wood bud of grafting to sprout.
D () is after dwarfing rootstock height reaches more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 50 ~ 60cm place, ground, grafting adopts T-shape bud grafting method, within after grafting 10 days, check Survival rate of nursery stock situation, determine that the seedling survived cuts anvil, within 7 days, check the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock afterwards, erase in time after discovery, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards.
E namely () autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedling after fallen leaves,
F in () the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, namely autumn grows up to high dwarfing interstock apple seedlings after fallen leaves.
If produce high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, comprise the steps:
I () first cultivates Dwarf rootstocks seedling, by wide, dark each 20cm trench digging, to dig pit field planting Dwarf rootstocks at bottom of trench, tilting with ground along ditch is 30 degree of angles, carves bud at branch back, promotes that back bud is evenly sprouted, spacing 10cm, the dwarfing rootstock of sprouting is new when slightly length reaches 20cm, flattened by former maternal branch, bury native 5cm, what make that quarter, bud grew is new slightly upright, and dwarfing rootstock is when newly slightly length reaches 50cm, earthing 20cm again, through fertilizing, watering management, grow to 40 ~ 60cm then.
(ii) after Second Year dwarfing rootstock in summer seedling grows into more than 80cm, required kind in producing apart from the grafting of 60cm place, ground, grafting is after 10 days, anvil is cut to grafting survival seedling, check after 7 days, and the sprout tillers of dwarfing rootstock of erasing in time, within 20 days, remove grafting bondage thing afterwards, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling
(iii) retain full bud the 3rd year spring surely to do, fallen leaves after high Dwarf rootstocks apple seedlings.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
| CN105830841A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | High quality apple planting method |
| CN105830840A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Ecological apple planting method |
| CN105918037A (en) * | 2016-04-24 | 2016-09-07 | 李建明 | Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN106171799A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-12-07 | 王少雷 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method |
| CN106171547A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of apple dwarf is from the mating system of root anvil stock |
| CN106342634A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 王少雷 | Apple high position dwarf culture method |
| CN106358912A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 王少雷 | Apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN108718868A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-11-02 | 昆明学院 | A kind of breeding method of the nontoxic apple seedling of high dwarfing rootstock |
| CN109328704A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-15 | 李建明 | A kind of apple tree Early Paleozoic strata stock garden building method |
| CN110612827A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2019-12-27 | 吴忠市中苗果树研究所有限公司 | Grafting cultivation method suitable for dwarfing interstock apple seedlings of apples in alpine regions |
| CN111543246A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-18 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Method suitable for early fruiting of apple seedlings in cold climate areas |
| CN114793658A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-29 | 北京市陶然亭公园管理处 | Method for breeding Chinese flowering crabapple by high-altitude pressure bar grafting after bare-rooted branch shaping |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
| CN105830841A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | High quality apple planting method |
| CN105830840A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Ecological apple planting method |
| CN105918037A (en) * | 2016-04-24 | 2016-09-07 | 李建明 | Top-grafting variety-changing rapid forming cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN106171547A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of apple dwarf is from the mating system of root anvil stock |
| CN106171799A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-12-07 | 王少雷 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method |
| CN106342634A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-25 | 王少雷 | Apple high position dwarf culture method |
| CN106358912A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 王少雷 | Apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock high-position dwarf cultivation method |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
| CN108718868A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-11-02 | 昆明学院 | A kind of breeding method of the nontoxic apple seedling of high dwarfing rootstock |
| CN109328704A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-15 | 李建明 | A kind of apple tree Early Paleozoic strata stock garden building method |
| CN110612827A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2019-12-27 | 吴忠市中苗果树研究所有限公司 | Grafting cultivation method suitable for dwarfing interstock apple seedlings of apples in alpine regions |
| CN111543246A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-18 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Method suitable for early fruiting of apple seedlings in cold climate areas |
| CN114793658A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-29 | 北京市陶然亭公园管理处 | Method for breeding Chinese flowering crabapple by high-altitude pressure bar grafting after bare-rooted branch shaping |
| CN114793658B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2024-02-06 | 北京市陶然亭公园管理处 | Method for breeding crabapple by high-altitude layering grafting after shaping of bare branches |
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Application publication date: 20160210 |