CN107593246B - Method for promoting recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest land - Google Patents
Method for promoting recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting the recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine woodland, which is a nearly natural recovery method for promoting the gradual recovery of Chinese pine woodland, grassland, barren grass or sparse forest land into Chinese pine woodland by cultivating Chinese pine mother trees, partially performing artificial hole soil preparation and strip cutting irrigation and later seedling tending and management on the Chinese pine forest land, grassland, barren grass or sparse forest land formed by the serious degradation of the woodland before sealing. The method for promoting the recovery of the seriously degraded Chinese pine forest land can fully utilize the resource of the mother tree, strengthen the transplantation and cultivation of the young seedlings of the sprouted Chinese pine by means of natural seed scattering of the mother tree, gradually enlarge the planting range, and has the advantages of reasonable recovery density, low afforestation cost, easy formation of a arbor-shrub-grass multilayer structure, increase of biological diversity, improvement of the stability of an ecological system and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese pine forest restoration, in particular to a method for promoting the restoration of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest lands.
Background
Pinus tabulaeformis, an evergreen arbor of Pinaceae, has light root property, light preference, drought resistance, barren resistance, wind resistance, strong adaptability and stress resistance, and is one of the main afforestation tree species in the mountain region in North Ji. Beginning in the 50 th century in the 20 th century, a large number of pure Chinese pine forests were planted in the northern regions through artificial forestation, and due to the high initial planting density, lack of multi-tree species mixed crossing and the like, a series of problems of low forest biological diversity, difficult natural updating, slow forest growth, poor disease and pest resistance and the like appear at present, so that the stability and self-maintenance of an ecological system are seriously influenced, and the effective exertion of ecological service functions is influenced. Therefore, in areas where forest lands seriously deteriorate into shrub woodlands, grasslands or open areas due to artificial damage in the north of the wing, vegetation needs to be repositioned to restore the pine woodlands, but the natural renewal of the shrub woodlands, grasslands or grasslands is slow, and artificial forestation is not only costly, but also a subsequent series of ecological problems are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for promoting the recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest lands, which has the advantages of reasonable recovery density, low afforestation cost, easy formation of arbor and shrub multilayer structure, increased biological diversity, improved stability of an ecological system and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for promoting the recovery of seriously degraded Chinese pine forest lands provided by the invention is a method for recovering Chinese pine forest lands to be recovered from shrub forest lands, grasslands or sparse lands formed by serious degradation of the forest lands by artificial promotion measures under the condition of sealing, wherein the artificial promotion measures comprise the following steps:
a. cultivating a mother tree:
a1, arranging mother trees in a mode of planting in shrub, grassland or open forest lands without or short of pine nut trees, making the rows of the mother trees vertical to the main wind direction, and controlling the distribution of the mother trees to cultivate the mother trees according to the standard that the inter-plant distance of the mother trees is 3-6 times of the height of the mother trees, and the row distance is 3-5 times of the height of the mother trees;
a2, arranging mother trees in a mode of 'Ping' shape in a sparse land with sufficient Chinese pine mother tree resources by selecting and combining transplantation, enabling the rows of the mother trees to be vertical to the main wind direction, and adjusting the distribution of the mother trees to cultivate the mother trees according to the standard that the plant spacing between the mother trees is 3-6 times of the height of the mother trees, and the row spacing is 3-5 times of the height of the mother trees;
the selection of the mother tree is different according to regional transportation conditions, and in areas with good transportation, the pine nut scattered mother tree with strong tree vigor, vigorous growth, large fruiting amount, full seeds and the tree age of 15-40 years is selected; selecting young Chinese pine trees with the tree age of 8-12 years in areas with difficult transportation;
b. local soil preparation: the mother tree planted with the pine oil needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in 3 rd year after the tree is planted, the young tree planted with the pine oil is used as the mother tree to be cultured, the soil preparation needs to be performed in 2 nd year when the pine oil is gradually mature and begins to be planted, and the mother tree selected in a non-transplanted mode needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in the current year; local soil preparation is carried out from the middle of 9 months to the last of 10 months; the local soil preparation operation comprises the following steps:
b1, excavating 4 rectangular seed collecting holes with the specification of length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 0.15m at the height of 1.0 times of the height of the mother tree in the downwind direction, upwind direction and the positive and negative directions vertical to the main wind direction, ridging the seed collecting holes relative to the outer side edge of the mother tree, and making ridges 30-40 cm high; constructing a ridge on the edge of the upward slope of the seed collecting hole, wherein the ridge is 10-15 cm high, and the ridge is not tamped and is kept loose;
b2, performing zonal cutting and irrigating along contour lines at the height 2.0 times of the downwind direction of the mother tree to expose soil, wherein the cutting and irrigating width is 2.0 m; clearing a barrier medium which obstructs the contact between the seeds and the soil on the earth surface to expose the soil;
c. tending the Chinese pine seedlings: in 1 ~ 5 years after the local soil preparation, the pine sapling condition of annual spring inspection to carry out the following tending operation in different regions:
c1, transplanting all the germinated Chinese pine seedlings to the seedling lacking section in the seed collecting hole, and cutting, irrigating and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c2, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the strip-shaped cutting irrigation area reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c3, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the area without soil preparation reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings and the reserved seedlings;
the shrub cutting and tending is to cut surrounding shrubs by taking the Chinese pine seedlings as the centers and taking 1m as the radius until the Chinese pine seedlings are 20-40 cm higher than surrounding shrubs, and stopping shrub cutting;
d. and (4) subsequent management:
d1, determining whether to reserve and maintain according to the distribution of Chinese pine seedlings in the planting hole and the strip cutting and irrigating area, if there is no lack of seedlings, the natural growth can be recovered to Chinese pine forest, otherwise, the reservation is continued until there is no lack of seedlings;
d2, for the area without soil preparation, if there is no seedling lack section, the germinated Chinese pine seedlings can not be transplanted and cut, irrigated and nursed any more, so as to keep the natural growth.
The method for promoting the recovery of the seriously degraded Chinese pine woodland is a method for recovering the Chinese pine woodland into the Chinese pine woodland by carrying out artificial promotion measures on the shrub woodland, the grassland or the sparse woodland formed by the serious degradation of the woodland, and the method adopts a mode of planting the Chinese pine mother tree aiming at the shrub woodland, the grassland or the sparse woodland without the Chinese pine mother tree or the Chinese pine mother tree deficiency on the premise of sealing and breeding; aiming at the sparse forest grassland with sufficient pine tree mother resources, selecting mother trees and adjusting the distribution of the mother trees in combination with a transplanting mode according to the standard of a mother tree implanting method to cultivate the pine tree mother trees; and then, the natural recovery method is used for promoting the shrub forest land, the grassland irrigation land, the barren grassland or the open forest land to be gradually recovered into the Chinese pine forest land by means of natural seed scattering of the mother tree, partial artificial hole-shaped soil preparation and strip-shaped cutting irrigation and seedling nurturing and management in the later period. The method fully utilizes the mother tree resources, and has the advantages that the annual seed scattering of the Chinese pine can be as long as decades, and the natural seed scattering of the mother tree can easily meet the year with proper hydrothermal conditions so as to be beneficial to seedling germination, so that the transplanting and the cultivation of the germinated Chinese pine seedlings are enhanced, the planting range is gradually expanded, and the method has the advantages of reasonable restoration density, low afforestation cost, easy formation of arbor-shrub-grass multilayer structure, biological diversity increase, ecological system stability improvement and the like. In addition, in the cultivation of the parent pine tree, a planting form in a shape like the Chinese character 'pin' is established according to the principle that the propagation distance of the seeds of the pine tree in the field without standing trees and shrubs is about 3 times of the height of the tree, so that the parent tree naturally spreads to cover all the shrubs as much as possible, and the forest field of the pine tree is better recovered.
As a limitation to the above technical solution, the distribution density of the mother tree in step a is calculated according to the following formula:
n＝S/[π(ɑh)2]
in the above formula, n represents distribution density, S represents transformation area, and a represents Chinese pine seed propagation distance, which is generally 1.5-3; the h represents the tree height.
1 Chinese pine tree with height of 5m, with maximum control area of 706.5m2And left and right, thereby defining the distribution density of the parent tree.
As a limitation to the above technical solution, the transplanting operation of the mother tree in step a includes the following steps:
(1) carrying out weak pruning on the mother tree before seedling lifting, and cutting off intercalary branches, insect-sick branches and unnecessary old and weak branches; digging a large pit and carrying soil lumps when seedlings are lifted, keeping the diameter of the soil lumps to be 1.0-2.0 m, and binding the soil lumps with a straw rope; winding the trunk with a straw rope during transportation, and spraying water to preserve moisture;
(2) excavating tree pits and improving soil in the pits: excavating a pit, wherein the diameter of the pit is 1/2 greater than that of the soil lump, and the depth of the pit is 1/3 greater than that of the soil lump; applying humic fertilizer into the holes, and uniformly mixing the humic fertilizer with the excavated surface layer mellow soil;
(3) planting a mother tree: the depth of the planted mother tree is equal to or 5-10 cm lower than the original soil mark; then filling soil layer by layer, wherein each layer is 20-30 cm in length, and tamping until the soil is filled;
(4) and mother tree management and protection: and immediately watering the 1 st water after the mother trees are planted, or watering the 1 st water in cooperation with the use of rooting powder, watering the 2 nd water after 7-10 days, watering the 3 rd water after 15-20 days, and then well performing the management and protection work of the mother trees.
As a limitation to the technical scheme, the management and protection work of the mother trees comprises soil loosening, weeding and cold prevention, so that the mother trees recover to grow after being transplanted and begin to be planted naturally.
For the transplanting of the mother tree, the links of lifting seedlings, transporting, planting, managing and protecting and the like are well made, so that the transplanted mother tree can recover the growth vigor as soon as possible and can start to breed naturally.
As a limitation to the technical scheme, the transplanting of the mother tree or the Chinese pine seedling is carried out in spring.
The transplanting time is preferably spring, and the Zhang Yuan area is preferably 4 to 5 ten days.
In conclusion, the method for promoting the recovery of the seriously degraded Chinese pine forest land is a method for recovering the Chinese pine forest land by carrying out artificial promotion measures on shrub forest land, grassland waste or sparse land formed by the serious degradation of the forest land, the method is characterized in that under the premise of sealing cultivation, by cultivating the Chinese pine mother tree, naturally scattering seeds by the mother tree, partially performing hole-shaped soil preparation and strip-shaped cutting irrigation, and seedling nurturing and management in the later period, promotes shrubbery land, grassland or open forest land to gradually recover to the pine forest land, can fully utilize the mother tree resource, strengthen the transplantation and the cultivation of the young seedling of the sprouted Chinese pine, gradually expand the planting range, and have the advantages of reasonable restoration density, low afforestation cost, easy formation of a arbor, shrub and grass multilayer structure, increased biological diversity, improved stability of an ecological system and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The present embodiments relate to methods for facilitating the restoration of severely degraded pinus tabulaeformis land.
(I) suitable area
The method is used in areas where the Chinese pine is suitable for growth, and the forest land is seriously degraded into shrubbery land, grassland irrigation, barren grassland or open forest land due to artificial damage; and areas that currently take seal-growing measures for recovering forest vegetation.
(II) the artificial promoting measures for restoring the Chinese pine forest land comprise:
a. cultivating a mother tree:
a1, in the oil-free pine tree or the shortage of the pine tree (according to the distribution density formula of the tree n ═ S/[ pi (a) h)2]Calculating, the calculation result is less than that of the mother tree), arranging the mother trees in a mode of planting according to a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', enabling the rows of the mother trees to be perpendicular to the main wind direction, and controlling the distribution of the mother trees to cultivate the mother trees by using the standard that the spacing between the mother trees is 6 times of the height of the mother trees, and the spacing between the rows is 5 times of the height of the mother trees;
a2, the pine tree resource is sufficient (according to the mother tree distribution density formula n ═ S/[ pi (a h)2]Calculated, the resource of the mother tree is sufficient if the calculation result is larger than the calculation result), the mother trees are arranged in a mode of selecting and combining transplantation, and the mother trees are enabled to be in a shape like the Chinese character' pinThe tree rows are vertical to the main wind direction, and the mother trees are cultivated by adjusting the distribution of the mother trees according to the standard that the inter-plant spacing of the mother trees is 6 times of the height of the mother trees and the row spacing is 5 times of the height of the mother trees;
the distribution density of the mother tree is calculated according to the following formula:
n＝S/[π(ɑh)2]
in the above formula, n represents distribution density, S represents transformation area, and a represents Chinese pine seed propagation distance, where a is usually 1.5-3, and a specific value of a refers to the following table; the h represents the tree height;
alpha value taking table
| 10 month average wind speed in recovery area | S＜2m/s | 2m/s≤S＜2.5m/s | 2.5m/s≤S＜3m/s | S≥3m/s |
| Alpha value | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
The mother tree is a scattered seed mother tree which is strong in tree vigor, vigorous in growth, large in fruiting amount, full in seeds and 15-40 years old, can be a near-ripe or mature Chinese pine, preferably a near-ripe Chinese pine, and selection of an over-ripe Chinese pine is avoided; as the individual areas are limited by transportation conditions, in order to solve the problems of overlarge tree bodies of parent trees and difficulty in transportation and transplantation, young pinus tabulaeformis trees with smaller tree bodies and the age of 8-12 years can be selected for transplantation and cultivated into the parent trees, and the natural recovery process is delayed properly;
the transplanting of the mother tree is better in spring, the best in ten days of 4-5 months in the Zhang bearing area, and the transplanting operation can be carried out according to the following steps:
(1) carrying out weak pruning on the Chinese pine tree before seedling raising, and cutting off intercalary branches, insect-sick branches and unnecessary old and weak branches; digging a large pit and carrying soil lumps when seedlings are lifted, keeping the diameter of the soil lumps to be 1.0-2.0 m, and binding the soil lumps with a straw rope; winding the trunk with a straw rope during transportation, and spraying water to preserve moisture;
(2) excavating tree pits and improving soil in the pits: excavating a pit, wherein the diameter of the pit is 1/2 greater than that of the soil lump, and the depth of the pit is 1/3 greater than that of the soil lump; applying humic fertilizer into the holes, and uniformly mixing the humic fertilizer with the excavated surface layer mellow soil;
(3) planting a mother tree: the propagation distance of the Chinese pine seeds in the field without stumpage shrubs and grasses is about 3 times of the height of the trees, so that the planting form is in a shape like the Chinese character 'pin', the height of the trees is 6 times of the plant spacing, the height of the trees is 5 times of the row spacing, the Chinese pine naturally spreads seeds to cover all the shrubs as far as possible, and dead angles are few; meanwhile, the distance along the wind direction is slightly larger and the distance perpendicular to the main wind direction is slightly smaller in consideration of the main wind direction; controlling planting density as transformation area/(28.26X tree height)2) Namely 1 Chinese pine tree with the height of 5m and the control area of the Chinese pine tree is 706.5m2Left and right. The depth of the planted mother tree is equal to or about 10cm lower than the original soil mark; then filling soil layer by layer, filling one layer every 30cm, tamping and filling until the soil is filled;
(4) and mother tree management and protection: and immediately watering the root fixing water for the 1 st time after the mother trees are planted, or watering the root fixing water for the 1 st time by matching with the use of rooting powder, watering the root fixing water for the 2 nd time after 7 days, watering the root fixing water for the 3 rd time after 15 days, and performing management and protection work such as soil loosening, weeding, cold prevention and the like. Generally, after a nearly mature or mature mother tree is transplanted for 2-3 years, the growth vigor is basically recovered, and natural seeding is started; the seed scattering time of the young Chinese pine depends on the mature and fructification conditions.
b. Local soil preparation: in order to reduce soil disturbance and destroy vegetation, when the mother tree planted with the pine oil needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in 3 rd year after the tree is planted, the young tree planted with the pine oil needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in 2 nd year after the pine oil is gradually matured and begins to be planted as the mother tree for cultivation, and the mother tree selected in a non-transplanted mode needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in the current year; local soil preparation is carried out from the middle of 9 months to the last of 10 months; the local soil preparation operation comprises the following steps:
b1, excavating 4 rectangular seed collecting holes with the specification of length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 0.15m at the height of 1.0 times of the height of the mother tree in the downwind direction, upwind direction and the positive and negative directions vertical to the main wind direction, ridging the outer side edges of the mother trees at the seed collecting holes, and enabling the ridges to be 30-40 cm high so as to be beneficial to collecting natural scattered seeds; constructing a ridge on the edge of the upward slope of the seed collecting hole, wherein the ridge is 10-15 cm high, is not tamped and is kept loose, so that soil can enter the seed collecting hole along with water flow to cover seeds;
b2, performing zonal cutting irrigation along contour lines at the height 2.0 times of the downwind direction of the mother tree, wherein the stubble height is suitable for the soil to be exposed, and the cutting irrigation width is 2.0 m; clearing a barrier medium which obstructs the contact between the seeds and the soil on the earth surface to expose the soil;
c. tending the saplings: in 1 ~ 5 years after the local soil preparation, the pine sapling condition of annual spring inspection to carry out the following tending operation in different regions:
c1, transplanting all the germinated Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section in the seed collecting hole to reserve a space for collecting seeds in the next year, and cutting, irrigating and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c2, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the strip-shaped cutting irrigation area reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c3, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the area without soil preparation reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings and the reserved seedlings;
the seedling shortage section is formed by that the number of Chinese pine seedlings is less than 12 plants/100 m2As a determination criterion; the cutting, irrigating and fostering is to cut surrounding shrubs by taking the seedling as the center and taking 1m as the radius until the Chinese pine seedling is 20-40 cm higher than surrounding shrubs, and stopping cutting and irrigating;
d. and (4) subsequent management: strictly executing all-sealing prohibition measures in a transformation area to avoid damages to Chinese pine seedlings caused by human activities such as grazing and the like; the growth and germination conditions of seedlings are checked every year in spring, and the seedling lacking sections are found and transplanted in time;
d1, determining whether to reserve and maintain according to the distribution of Chinese pine seedlings in the planting hole and the strip cutting and irrigating area, if there is no lack of seedlings, the natural growth can be recovered to Chinese pine forest, otherwise, the reservation is continued until there is no lack of seedlings;
d2, for the area without soil preparation, if there is no seedling lack section, the germinated Chinese pine seedlings can not be transplanted and cut, irrigated and nursed any more, and the natural growth of the seedlings can be kept.
The conditions of the test conditions, the recovery mode and the like are shown in table 1, wherein the conditions are respectively taken as a typical shrubbery land, a typical shrubbery land and a sparse land as examples to recover the Chinese pine forest land:
TABLE 1 basic conditions and recovery modes of the test
As can be seen from the above table:
the test field 1 belongs to a typical shrub land, the coverage of shrubs reaches 90%, the coverage of herbs reaches 50%, and no arbor species exist, so that the ecological system is prevented from being succeeded in the direction of an arbor forest due to the fact that no seed source exists, and if the experiment field only depends on natural succession, the experiment field can only depend on animals to carry seed sources to enter. Moreover, in such high-coverage shrubs, seedlings will hardly survive without the addition of artificial measures.
The test field 2 belongs to a typical grassland, the coverage of shrubs reaches 20%, the coverage of herbs reaches 40%, and arbor species do not exist, and the succession progress towards the direction of arbors is also prevented because of the absence of seed sources. Such degraded woodlands will eventually succeed as shrubs.
The test field 3 belongs to a sparse forest land, the shrub coverage is 50%, the herbaceous coverage is 25%, the Chinese pine seeds distributed in a scattered cluster shape exist, and due to the fact that mature Chinese pine mother trees naturally scatter seeds, the degraded forest land can be finally replaced by a Chinese pine forest. However, the Chinese pine tree is unevenly distributed, the natural seed scattering distance is limited, and a long time is needed for the whole area to recover to the Chinese pine forest land, so that manual measures are needed to be introduced to assist the quick recovery.
(III) recovery of results
The recovery method according to the invention described above was carried out experimentally, the recovery results being shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 follow-up survey within 5 years after the method was carried out
As can be seen from the total number of the new seedlings and the number of the dead seedlings before the new seedlings in each year in the table above, the hydrothermal conditions in 1 st, 3 th and 4 th years after the land preparation are relatively good, the number of the new seedlings is large on the whole, and the number of the dead seedlings before the new seedlings is small; in the 2 nd and 5 th years, the hydrothermal conditions are poor, the number of new seedlings is small, and the death rate is high. The total number of seedlings stored at the 5 th year after soil preparation at test sites 1, 2 and 3 were 620, 1013 and 1295 respectively. Overall, the fastest recovery was trial 3, followed by trial 2, and the slowest was trial 1. The experimental plot 3 is mainly characterized in that the experimental plot has the Chinese pine tree, the number of the tree is sufficient, part of the tree is transplanted on the spot to solve the problem of distribution uniformity, and the adaptability is good; the grass cover is also relatively low and the Chinese pine seeds have the opportunity to fall into bare soil for germination. The slow recovery of the test field 1 is mainly caused by that the cover degree of the shrubs is too high, naturally scattered seeds are difficult to fall into soil for germination, and even if the seeds germinate, the seeds die quickly due to the competition of the surrounding high-density shrubs for water, fertilizer and illumination. This is also the reason why the present invention adopts the cutting and irrigating around the seedling. The test plot 2 recovers faster than the test plot 1, mainly the cover degree of the shrubbery is much lower than that of the test plot 1, the seeds have the opportunity to germinate, and a certain space also exists for survival. Due to the existence of the mother trees, the seedlings are scattered every year, the test fields 1, 2 and 3 can finally achieve the purpose of storing 1500 seedlings per hectare, and the natural sparsity can finally achieve the purpose of storing 1000 seedlings per hectare.
In the method for recovering the Chinese pine forest, the mother trees are required to be implanted aiming at shrubbery lands, grasslands or grasslands without or insufficient Chinese pine mother trees. Compared with the traditional artificial sowing of Chinese pine seeds, the method for planting the female tree has the advantages that although the first investment is high, the sustainability is realized. The pine nut tree is scattered every year for decades; at present, some sealing and breeding projects do not introduce arbor seed sources, and the final recovery target is only shrubbery land; or manual seeding is adopted, most of the seeding is only performed for one year or several years, seeding labor cost is not sustainable in year-to-year accumulation, the effect is poor, and seedlings hardly germinate in some places. In addition, the mother trees are naturally scattered, and the long-term persistence of the mother trees is easier to meet the years with proper hydrothermal conditions than the artificial short-term sowing, once the conditions are proper, a large number of Chinese pine seedlings germinate, and the artificial sowing is easy to miss good opportunity. Aiming at the sparse and irrigated grassland with sufficient pine tree mother tree resources, the mother tree is selected according to a mother tree implantation method according to the control area and the distribution uniformity. If the target parent trees are unevenly distributed and partial areas are seriously deficient, an in-place transplanting method can be adopted to transplant the parent trees in the surplus areas to the deficient areas; if the resource of the mother tree is insufficient, a mother tree implantation method can be adopted. The mother trees (except for transplanting) of the general sparse land do not need excessive artificial maintenance and can keep natural growth. The method fully utilizes the prior mother tree resources, strengthens the transplantation and cultivation of the young seedlings of the sprouted Chinese pine, and gradually enlarges the planting range, so the method has the advantages of reasonable density recovery, low afforestation cost, easy formation of arbor and shrub multilayer structure, increased biological diversity and improved stability of an ecological system.
According to the two types of investigation results of forest resources in the northern river province in 2006, the area of forestry land in the northern river province is 12872 ten thousand mu, and 1638 ten thousand mu of shrub forest is common, while the area of the shrub forest in the northern river bearing area is 795 ten thousand mu, which accounts for 48.5% of the shrub forest area in the province, so that the method has a wide application prospect.
In conclusion, the method for promoting the recovery of the seriously degraded pine woodland is a near natural recovery method for promoting the gradual recovery of the shrub woodland, the grassland or the sparse forest land into the pine woodland by cultivating the pine female tree, partially performing artificial hole-shaped soil preparation and strip-shaped cutting and later seedling culture and management before sealing and breeding the shrub woodland, the grassland or the sparse forest land.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting the recovery of severely degraded pinus tabulaeformis woodland, which is characterized in that: the method is a method for restoring shrub, grassland waste or to-be-restored forest lands of the sparse forest lands to the pinus tabulaeformis forest lands by artificial promotion measures under the condition of sealing cultivation; the artificial promoting measures comprise the following steps:
a. cultivating a mother tree:
a1, arranging mother trees in a mode of planting in shrub, grassland or open forest lands without or short of pine nut trees, making the rows of the mother trees vertical to the main wind direction, and controlling the distribution of the mother trees to cultivate the mother trees according to the standard that the inter-plant distance of the mother trees is 3-6 times of the height of the mother trees, and the row distance is 3-5 times of the height of the mother trees;
a2, arranging mother trees in a mode of 'Ping' shape in a sparse land with sufficient Chinese pine mother tree resources by selecting and combining transplantation, enabling the rows of the mother trees to be vertical to the main wind direction, and adjusting the distribution of the mother trees to cultivate the mother trees according to the standard that the plant spacing between the mother trees is 3-6 times of the height of the mother trees, and the row spacing is 3-5 times of the height of the mother trees;
the selection of the mother tree is different according to regional transportation conditions, and in areas with good transportation, the pine nut scattered mother tree with strong tree vigor, vigorous growth, large fruiting amount, full seeds and the tree age of 15-40 years is selected; selecting young Chinese pine trees with the tree age of 8-12 years in areas with difficult transportation;
b. local soil preparation: the mother tree planted with the pine oil needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in 3 rd year after the tree is planted, the young tree planted with the pine oil is used as the mother tree to be cultured, the soil preparation needs to be performed in 2 nd year when the pine oil is gradually mature and begins to be planted, and the mother tree selected in a non-transplanted mode needs to be subjected to local soil preparation in the current year; local soil preparation is carried out from the middle of 9 months to the last of 10 months; the local soil preparation operation comprises the following steps:
b1, excavating 4 rectangular seed collecting holes with the specification of length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 0.15m at the height of 1.0 times of the height of the mother tree in the downwind direction, upwind direction and the positive and negative directions vertical to the main wind direction, ridging the seed collecting holes relative to the outer side edge of the mother tree, and making ridges 30-40 cm high; constructing a ridge on the edge of the upward slope of the seed collecting hole, wherein the ridge is 10-15 cm high, and the ridge is not tamped and is kept loose;
b2, performing zonal cutting and irrigating along contour lines at the height 2.0 times of the downwind direction of the mother tree to expose soil, wherein the cutting and irrigating width is 2.0 m; clearing a barrier medium which obstructs the contact between the seeds and the soil on the earth surface to expose the soil;
c. tending the Chinese pine seedlings: in 1 ~ 5 years after the local soil preparation, the pine sapling condition of annual spring inspection to carry out the following tending operation in different regions:
c1, transplanting all the germinated Chinese pine seedlings to the seedling lacking section in the seed collecting hole, and cutting, irrigating and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c2, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the strip-shaped cutting irrigation area reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings;
c3, the germination of Chinese pine seedlings in the area without soil preparation reaches 2 plants/m2When the above is higher, the ratio is more than 2 strains/m2Transplanting the redundant Chinese pine seedlings to a seedling lacking section, and performing cutting, filling and tending around the transplanted seedlings and the reserved seedlings;
the shrub cutting and tending is to cut surrounding shrubs by taking the Chinese pine seedlings as the centers and taking 1m as the radius until the Chinese pine seedlings are 20-40 cm higher than surrounding shrubs, and stopping shrub cutting;
d. and (4) subsequent management:
d1, determining whether to reserve and maintain according to the distribution of Chinese pine seedlings in the planting hole and the strip cutting and irrigating area, if there is no lack of seedlings, then no maintenance is needed, natural growth is carried out to recover Chinese pine forest, otherwise, the reservation is continued until there is no lack of seedlings;
d2, for the area without soil preparation, if there is no seedling lacking, the germinated Chinese pine seedlings are not transplanted and cut, irrigated and nursed any more, so as to keep the natural growth.
2. The method for promoting recovery of severely degraded pinus tabulaeformis land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution density of said mother trees of step a is calculated as follows:
n＝S/[π(ɑh)2]
in the formula, n represents distribution density, S represents transformation area, and alpha represents Chinese pine seed propagation distance, wherein the n represents 1.5-3; the h represents the tree height.
3. The method for promoting the recovery of severely degraded pinus tabulaeformis forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting operation of the mother tree of the step a comprises the steps of:
(1) carrying out weak pruning on the mother tree before seedling lifting, and cutting off intercalary branches, insect-sick branches and unnecessary old and weak branches; digging a large pit and carrying soil lumps when seedlings are lifted, keeping the diameter of the soil lumps to be 1.0-2.0 m, and binding the soil lumps with a straw rope; winding the trunk with a straw rope during transportation, and spraying water to preserve moisture;
(2) excavating tree pits and improving soil in the pits: excavating a pit, wherein the diameter of the pit is 1/2 greater than that of the soil lump, and the depth of the pit is 1/3 greater than that of the soil lump; applying humic fertilizer into the holes, and uniformly mixing the humic fertilizer with the excavated surface layer mellow soil;
(3) planting a mother tree: the depth of the planted mother tree is equal to or 5-10 cm lower than the original soil mark; then filling soil layer by layer, wherein each layer is 20-30 cm in length, and tamping until the soil is filled;
(4) and mother tree management and protection: and immediately watering the 1 st water after the mother trees are planted, or watering the 1 st water in cooperation with the use of rooting powder, watering the 2 nd water after 7-10 days, watering the 3 rd water after 15-20 days, and then well performing the management and protection work of the mother trees.
4. The method for promoting the restoration of severely degenerated Chinese pine forest lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the management and protection work of the mother trees comprises loosening the soil, weeding and preventing cold, so that the mother trees can restore the growth after being transplanted and begin to breed naturally.
5. The method for promoting the restoration of severely degenerated Chinese pine forest land according to claim 1, wherein said transplanting of said mother tree or Chinese pine seedling is performed in spring.
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| CN108566862B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2020-05-05 | 华东师范大学 | Rapid broadleaf transformation method for degraded pine forest of sea island in east China sea |
| CN109328965B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-06-01 | 婺源县生态林场 | Afforestation method for recovering artificial forest from near nature |
| CN112703952B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2023-12-12 | 黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院 | Forestation method using salix tenuifolia nutrition pot seedlings |
| CN115053759A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-16 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Staggered grid recovery method for suaeda heteroptera vegetation in coastal wetland |
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