CN107593246A - The method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover, be to because of forest land with seriously degenerating the shrub land of formation, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, under the premise of fencing, by cultivating Chinese pine elite stand, plus artificial cave-shaped site preparation and the banding brush in part, and the seedling in later stage fosters and managed, with promoting shrub land, shrub, wild grass ground or opening progressively revert to a kind of near-nature forest restoration methods of Pinus tabulaeformis stand.The present invention's promotes the method that serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovers, elite stand resource can be made full use of, kind is dissipated naturally by elite stand, strengthen the transplanting and cultivation of germinating Chinese pine seedling, progressively expansion plant scope, have the advantages that recovery density is reasonable, cost of forestation is low, the tall shrub multilayer structure of easy formation, increase bio-diversity, raising ecosystem stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Pinus tabulaeformis forest recovery technology field, more particularly to a kind of side for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover
Method.
Background technology
Chinese pine, is Pinaceae needle aiphyllium, shallow root, light, it is drought-resistant, resist barren, wind resistance, have compared with strong adaptability and
Resistance, it is one of the Major Tree Species Planted on Ji Beishan Mountain ground.The 1950s, Ji Beidiqu are planted by artificial afforestration
Substantial amounts of Pure Plantation of Pinus tabulaeformis, the reason such as hand over because initial density in planting is high, to lack more seeds mixed, occur forest land bio-diversity at present
The low, series of problems such as natural renovation is difficult, tree growth is slow, diseases and insect pests resistance is poor, have a strong impact on the ecosystem it is stable and
Self―sustaining, influence effective performance of Ecosystem Service.Therefore, in Ji Bei Suitable For Pinus Tabulaeformis area, the forest land caused by artificial destruction
Seriously with deteriorating to shrub land, shrub, the area of wild grass ground or opening is, it is necessary to reposition vegetation to recover Pinus tabulaeformis forest
Ground, but fencing shrub land, shrub or wild grass ground natural renovation it is slow, and take artificial afforestration not only cost be high, also hold
Easily there is subsequent serial ecological problem.
The content of the invention
To solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of side for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover
Method, this method, which has, recovers that density is reasonable, cost of forestation is low, easy form tall shrub multilayer structure, increase bio-diversity, carries
The advantages that high ecosystem stability.
To achieve the above object, the method provided by the invention for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover, is in fencing bar
Under part, to because of forest land with seriously degenerating the shrub land of formation, shrub, the forest land to be restored of wild grass ground or opening, enter pedestrian
Work measures to promote, the method for reverting to Pinus tabulaeformis stand, the artificial measures to promote comprise the following steps：
A, elite stand is cultivated：
A1, the shrub land without Chinese pine elite stand or Chinese pine elite stand deficiency, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, pass through plant
The mode entered, according to triangle disposition arrange elite stand, make elite stand row perpendicular to cardinal wind, and between elite stand spacing in the rows as 3~6 times of mothers
The height of tree is set, line-spacing is that the standard of 3~5 times of elite stand height of trees controls elite stand distribution to cultivate elite stand；
A2, the opening in Chinese pine elite stand resource abundance, by way of selected combination transplanting, also according to triangle disposition
Elite stand is arranged, making elite stand row, for spacing in the rows as 3~6 times of elite stand height of trees, line-spacing is 3~5 times of elite stands between elite stand perpendicular to cardinal wind
Elite stand is cultivated in the standard adjustment elite stand distribution of the height of tree；
The selection of the elite stand is different because of region traffic condition, and in transport fairway, selection tree vigo(u)r is strong, growth is prosperous
Contain, hip number is big, seed is full, the age of tree Chinese pine of 15~40 years dissipates kind of an elite stand；In transport difficult area, the age of tree 8~12 is selected
The Chinese pine treelet in year；
B, partial soil preparation：Being implanted into scattered kind of elite stand of Chinese pine needs to carry out within the 3rd year partial soil preparation after the implantation, implantation Chinese pine treelet work
Being cultivated for elite stand need to be progressively ripe in Chinese pine and start to sow carries out partial soil preparation on the 2nd year, the mother selected with non-transplanting mode
Tree need to carry out partial soil preparation then；Partial soil preparation is carried out in mid-September to early October；Partial soil preparation operation include with
Lower step：
B1, at each 1.0 times of height of trees of forward and reverse direction of wind direction, upwind and vertical cardinal wind, excavated under elite stand
The rectangle seed hollow that 4 specifications are length × width × height=2m × 0.5m × 0.15m, on outer side edges edge of the seed hollow with respect to elite stand
Ridging ridge building, the high 30~40cm in the ridge；At the upward slope position edge of seed hollow, the low bank of earth between fields, the high 10~15cm in the ridge are built in training, and the low bank of earth between fields is not tamped, and are protected
Hold loose；
B2, under elite stand at 2.0 times of height of trees of wind direction, banding brush is carried out along contour, makes soil bareness, brush width
2.0m；Cleaning earth's surface hinders the barrier medium that seed contacts with soil, makes soil bareness；
C, Chinese pine seedling fosters：In 1~5 year after partial soil preparation, annual spring inspection Chinese pine seedling sprouting situation, and
Operation is fostered below being carried out in different zones：
The Chinese pine seedling of sprouting is all migrated into the location that is short of seedling in c1, seed hollow, brush is carried out around nursery transplant and is comforted
Educate；
The Chinese pine seedling sprouted in c2, banding brush region reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine seedling
The location that is short of seedling is migrated to, brush is carried out around nursery transplant and is fostered；
The Chinese pine seedling that c3, non-site preparation region are sprouted reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine sprigging
To the location that is short of seedling, in nursery transplant and retain and carry out brush around seedling and foster；
It is centered on Chinese pine seedling that the brush, which is fostered, and 1m is that radius cuts off shrub around, until Chinese pine seedling is higher by
Surrounding 20~40cm of shrub, stop brush；
D, follow-up management：
D1, seed hollow and banding brush area decide whether to retain and safeguarded depending on Chinese pine seedling distribution situation, if nothing is short of seedling ground
Section, can no longer be safeguarded, it is Pinus tabulaeformis forest to carry out nature growth recovery, otherwise should continue to retain, until without the location that is short of seedling；
D2, for non-site preparation region, if without the location that is short of seedling, no longer the Chinese pine seedling of sprouting can be transplanted and brush is comforted
Educate, it is kept nature growth.
The present invention's promotes the method that serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovers, and is to because forest land is seriously degenerated the spinney of formation
Ground, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, the method for reverting to Pinus tabulaeformis stand by carrying out artificial measures to promote, this method sealing
Under the premise of educating, for the shrub land without Chinese pine elite stand or Chinese pine elite stand deficiency, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, take plant
The mode for entering elite stand cultivates Chinese pine elite stand；For the sufficient sparse woods shrub of Chinese pine elite stand resource, foundation implantation elite stand method standard,
Selection elite stand simultaneously combines the distribution that the mode transplanted adjusts elite stand, cultivates Chinese pine elite stand；Kind is dissipated naturally by elite stand again, plus portion
Point artificial cave-shaped site preparation and banding brush, and the seedling in later stage foster and managed, with promoting shrub land, shrub, wild grass ground
Or opening progressively reverts to a kind of near-nature forest restoration methods of Pinus tabulaeformis stand.This method makes full use of elite stand resource, with Chinese pine
Elite stand dissipates every year kind be many decades as long as, and elite stand dissipate naturally kind be easier to run into time that hydrothermal condition is adapted in favor of
The advantage that seedling sprouts, strengthen the transplanting and cultivation for germinating Chinese pine seedling, progressively expand plant scope, have and recover density conjunction
Manage, cost of forestation is low, easy the advantages that forming tall shrub multilayer structure, increase bio-diversity, raising ecosystem stability.
In addition, in Chinese pine elite stand is cultivated, it is about the principle of 3 times of height of trees according to without standing tree shrub Chinese pine seeds propagation distance, establishes
Triangle disposition transplants form, elite stand is dissipated kind with covering all shrubs as far as possible naturally, preferably recovers Pinus tabulaeformis stand.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the distribution density of elite stand is calculated as follows described in step a：
N=S/ [π (ɑ h)2]
N described in above formula represents distribution density, and the S represents transformation area, and the ɑ represents Chinese pine seeds propagation distance,
Generally take 1.5~3；The h represents the height of tree.
1 plant 5 meters high of Chinese pine elite stand, its maximum control area is in 706.5m2Left and right, the distribution for thus limiting elite stand are close
Degree.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the transplanting operation of elite stand described in step a comprises the following steps：
(1), elite stand lifting, transport:Elite stand carries out " weakness " pruning before lifting, cuts off cella branch, sick branch and does not need
Old, weak branch；Hollow place, band Tu Tuo are dug during lifting, keeps soil to stick together 1.0~2.0m of diameter, is bundled with straw rope；Transportation straw rope
Wind trunk, and moisturizing of spraying water；
(2) soil improvement in plant pit and cave, is excavated：Plant pit is excavated, makes the more native diameter that sticks together of plant pit diameter big by 1/2, plant pit is deep
Degree is highly big by 1/3 compared with Tu Tuo；Humic fertilizer is applied in cave, and is puddled uniformly with the top layer mellow soil excavated out；
(3), elite stand is transplanted：Elite stand depth is transplanted with original soil trace to maintain an equal level or less than 5~10cm of original soil trace；Then layering is filled out
Soil, every mono- layer of 20~30cm, tamps after filling out, untill filling up；
(4), elite stand is managed and protected：The 1st time water is poured immediately after elite stand plant, or coordinates the use of root-inducing powder to pour the 1st time water, 7~
The 2nd time water is poured after 10 days, the 3rd time water is poured after 15~20 days, that carries out elite stand afterwards manages and protects work.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the work of managing and protecting of the elite stand includes loosening the soil, is weeding, cold-proof, makes elite stand
Recover growing way after transplanting, start natural reseeding.
Transplanting for elite stand, lifting, transport are carried out, transplant and the link such as manages and protects, the elite stand after transplanting is recovered as early as possible
Growing way, start natural reseeding.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the transplanting of elite stand or the Chinese pine seedling is carried out in spring.
Preferably spring, hold area is advisable transplanting time with April~the first tenday period of a month in May.
In summary, promote the method that serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovers using technical scheme, acquisition, be
To because of forest land with seriously degenerating the shrub land of formation, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, by carrying out artificial measures to promote recovery
For the method for Pinus tabulaeformis stand, this method dissipates kind under the premise of fencing, by cultivating Chinese pine elite stand, then by elite stand, added naturally
Artificial cave-shaped site preparation and the banding brush in part, and the seedling in later stage foster and managed, with promoting shrub land, shrub, weeds
Ground or opening progressively revert to a kind of near-nature forest restoration methods of Pinus tabulaeformis stand, can make full use of elite stand resource, strengthen germinating
The transplanting and cultivation of Chinese pine seedling, progressively expand plant scope, density is reasonable, cost of forestation is low, easy formation is tall with recovering
Shrub multilayer structure, increase bio-diversity, improve the advantages that ecosystem stability.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described
Embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area
The every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to protection of the present invention
Scope.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is related to the method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover.
(1) suitable area
For Chinese pine suitable growth area, caused by artificial destruction forest land with seriously deteriorating to shrub land, shrub, weeds
The area on ground or opening；And the area of exclusion measures is taken for recovery forest cover at present.
(2) recovering the artificial measures to promote of Pinus tabulaeformis stand includes：
A, elite stand is cultivated：
A1, without Chinese pine elite stand or Chinese pine elite stand deficiency (according to elite stand distribution density formula n=S/ [π (ɑ h)2] calculate,
Be elite stand deficiency less than result of calculation) shrub land, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, by way of implantation, according to
Triangle disposition arranges elite stand, makes elite stand row perpendicular to cardinal wind, and for spacing in the rows as 6 times of elite stand height of trees, line-spacing is 5 times between elite stand
Elite stand is cultivated in the standard control elite stand distribution of the elite stand height of tree；
It is a2, sufficient (according to elite stand distribution density formula n=S/ [π (ɑ h) in Chinese pine elite stand resource2] calculate, more than calculating
As a result it is sufficient for elite stand resource) opening, it is selected combine transplanting by way of, arrange elite stand also according to triangle disposition,
Making elite stand row, for spacing in the rows as 6 times of elite stand height of trees, line-spacing is the standard adjustment of 5 times of elite stand height of trees between elite stand perpendicular to cardinal wind
Elite stand is cultivated in elite stand distribution；
The distribution density of elite stand is calculated as follows：
N=S/ [π (ɑ h)2]
N described in above formula represents distribution density, and the S represents transformation area, and the ɑ represents Chinese pine seeds propagation distance,
1.5~3 are generally taken, specific ɑ values are referring to following table；The h represents the height of tree；
ɑ value tables
| Recover regional 10 monthly average wind speed | S ＜ 2m/s | 2m/s≤S ＜ 2.5m/s | 2.5m/s≤S ＜ 3m/s | S≥3m/s |
| ɑ values | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
Elite stand selection tree vigo(u)r is strong, growth is vigorous, hip number is big, seed is full, the age of tree scattered kind of elite stand of 15~40 years, can
Think nearly ripe or ripe Chinese pine, be preferred with nearly stand oil pine, avoid selecting overdone Chinese pine；Respective regions by traffic condition because being limited
System, elite stand tree body is excessive, transports and transplants the problem of difficult to overcome, and the relatively smaller age of tree of tree body may be selected 8~12 years
Chinese pine treelet transplanted, cultivated into elite stand, simply suitably to postpone the process of clear-cutting forestland；
Preferably spring, hold area is advisable with April~the first tenday period of a month in May for the transplanting of elite stand, and transplanting operation can be according to the following steps
Carry out：
(1), elite stand lifting, transport:Chinese pine elite stand is subjected to " weakness " pruning before lifting, cut off cella branch, sick branch and
Unwanted old, weak branch；Hollow place, band Tu Tuo are dug during lifting, keeps soil to stick together 1.0~2.0m of diameter, is bundled with straw rope；Transportation
Trunk, and moisturizing of spraying water are wound with straw rope；
(2) soil improvement in plant pit and cave, is excavated：Plant pit is excavated, makes the more native diameter that sticks together of plant pit diameter big by 1/2, plant pit is deep
Degree is highly big by 1/3 compared with Tu Tuo；Humic fertilizer is applied in cave, and is puddled uniformly with the top layer mellow soil excavated out；
(3), elite stand is transplanted：Without standing tree shrub Chinese pine seeds propagation distance is about 3 times of height of trees, therefore transplants form and be
Triangle disposition arranges, and using 6 times of height of trees as spacing in the rows, 5 times of height of trees are line-spacing, Chinese pine is dissipated kind naturally and covers all shrubs as far as possible
Ground, dead angle is stayed less；Meanwhile considering local cardinal wind, down wind is apart from slightly larger, and vertical cardinal wind is apart from slightly smaller；Control is planted
Density in planting=transformation area/(28.26 × height of tree2), i.e., 1 plant 5 meters high of Chinese pine elite stand, its control area is in 706.5m2Left and right.
Elite stand depth is transplanted with original soil trace to maintain an equal level or less than original soil trace 10cm or so；Then layering is banketed, and per mono- layer of 30cm, fills out rear screed
It is real, untill filling up；
(4), elite stand is managed and protected：The 1st time root water is poured after elite stand plant immediately, or coordinates the use of root-inducing powder to pour the 1st time and determines
Root water, the 2nd time water is poured after 7 days, the 3rd time water is poured after 15 days, loosened the soil, weeding, cold-proof etc. manage and protect work.General nearly ripe or ripe mother
Growing way is recovered substantially after tree is transplanted 2~3 years, starts natural reseeding；Chinese pine treelet dissipates kind of the time depending on ripe and solid situation.
B, partial soil preparation：To reduce soil disturbance, destroying vegetation, needed the 3rd year after the implantation when implantation Chinese pine dissipates kind of elite stand
Partial soil preparation is carried out, implantation Chinese pine treelet need to be progressively ripe in Chinese pine as elite stand cultivation and starts the 2nd year carry out office sowed
Portion's site preparation, partial soil preparation need to carried out then with the elite stand that non-transplanting mode selects；Partial soil preparation is in mid-September to early October
Carry out；Partial soil preparation's operation comprises the following steps：
B1, at each 1.0 times of height of trees of forward and reverse direction of wind direction, upwind and vertical cardinal wind, excavated under elite stand
The rectangle seed hollow that 4 specifications are length × width × height=2m × 0.5m × 0.15m, cave is being concentrated with respect to the outer side edges edge of elite stand
Ridging ridge building, the high 30~40cm in the ridge, dissipate kind in favor of collecting nature；At the upward slope position edge of seed hollow, the low bank of earth between fields is built in training, and the ridge is high by 10
~15cm, the low bank of earth between fields are not tamped, and keep loose, so that soil enters seed hollow covering seed with current；
B2, under elite stand at 2.0 times of height of trees of wind direction, carry out banding brush along contour, the height for the stubble left using soil bareness as
Preferably, brush width 2.0m；Cleaning earth's surface hinders the barrier medium that seed contacts with soil, makes soil bareness；
C, treelet fosters：In 1~5 year after partial soil preparation, annual spring checks Chinese pine seedling sprouting situation, and in difference
Operation is fostered below being carried out in region：
The Chinese pine seedling of sprouting is all migrated into the location that is short of seedling in c1, seed hollow, coming year seed is collected with slot milling,
Brush is carried out around nursery transplant to foster；
The Chinese pine seedling sprouted in c2, banding brush region reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine seedling
The location that is short of seedling is migrated to, brush is carried out around nursery transplant and is fostered；
The Chinese pine seedling that c3, non-site preparation region are sprouted reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine sprigging
To the location that is short of seedling, in nursery transplant and retain and carry out brush around seedling and foster；
The location that is short of seedling is to be less than 12 plants/100m with Chinese pine seedling numbers2For as criterion；The brush is fostered
It is centered on seedling, 1m is that radius cuts off shrub around, until Chinese pine seedling is higher by 20~40cm of shrub around, stops cutting
Fill；
D, follow-up management：Want the full Closing Measures of strict implement in transformation region, avoid herding etc. for people's activity it is young to Chinese pine
The destruction of seedling；Answer annual spring to check growth of seedling and sprouting situation, find the location that is short of seedling, transplanted in time；
D1, seed hollow and banding brush area decide whether to retain and safeguarded depending on Chinese pine seedling distribution situation, if nothing is short of seedling ground
Section, can no longer be safeguarded, it is Pinus tabulaeformis forest to carry out nature growth recovery, otherwise should continue to retain, until without the location that is short of seedling；
D2, for non-site preparation region, if without the location that is short of seedling, no longer the Chinese pine seedling of sprouting can be transplanted and brush is comforted
Educate, it is kept nature growth.
Respectively by Typical Shrub forest land, typical shrub, the recovery of Pinus tabulaeformis stand is carried out exemplified by opening, specifically experimental field
The condition such as situation and reset mode is shown in Table 1：
Table 1 experimental field basic condition and reset mode
As seen from the above table：
Experimental field 1 belongs to Typical Shrub forest land, and shrub cover degree reaches 90%, and draft cover degree reaches 50%, without arbor tree
Kind, this means that due to no introduces a collection and hinders the ecosystem to the succession of high forest direction, if merely by drilling naturally
For will very slowly, can only rely on animal carry introduces a collection enter.And in such high cover degree spinney, it is added without and artificially arranges
Apply, seedling would become hard to survive.
Experimental field 2 with belonging to typical shrub, and shrub cover degree reaches 20%, draft cover degree 40%, without arbor species, equally
Because it is hindered without introduces a collection to the process of high forest direction succession.Most succession is spinney at last in this degeneration forest land.
Experimental field 3 belong to opening, shrub cover degree 50%, draft cover degree 25%, there is the Chinese pine tree of fragmentary cluster-shaped distribution
Kind, due to have Chinese pine maturation elite stand naturally dissipate plant, this degeneration forest land finally can succession be Pinus tabulaeformis forest.But Chinese pine elite stand point
Cloth is uneven, and naturally scattered kind of distance is limited, and whole region reverts to Pinus tabulaeformis stand and is also required to for quite a long time, and this is just needed
Introducing artificial measures aids in it to accelerate to recover.
(3) restoration result
Restoration methods by the invention described above are experimental field being implemented, and restoration result is shown in Table 2：
Follow-up investigation situation after the implementation this method of table 2 in 5 years
From the annual newborn seedling total amount of upper table and the The dead quantity of seedling before, the 1st, 3,4 year hydro-thermal after site preparation
Condition is relatively preferable, and generally newborn seedling is more, and the The dead quantity of seedling is also less before；Hydrothermal condition is poor within 2nd, 5 year, newly
Raw seedling is few, and the death rate is high.Experimental field 1,2,3 preservation seedling total amounts are respectively 620,1013 and for follow-up investigation in the 5th year after site preparation
1295 plants.Generally, what resume speed was most fast is experimental field 3, next to that experimental field 2, most slow is experimental field 1.Mainly by
Itself there is Chinese pine elite stand in experimental field 3, and elite stand quantity abundance, part elite stand transplants solution and is evenly distributed sex chromosome mosaicism on the spot,
Its adaptability is also relatively good；Shrub cover degree is also relatively lower, and Chinese pine seeds have an opportunity to fall into bare soil and sprout.Experimental field
1 recovers too high mainly due to shrub cover degree slowly, and the seed for dissipating kind naturally is difficult to fall into soil sprouting, even if sprouting due to surrounding
High density shrub, also can quick death to liquid manure, the contention of illumination.This is also that the present invention takes the original that brush is fostered around seedling
Cause.Experimental field 2 recover fast than experimental field 1, and mainly its shrub cover degree is more experimental field 1 much lower, and seed has an opportunity to sprout,
Also there is certain space survival.Due to the presence of elite stand, kind is dissipated every year, and experimental field 1,2, the 3 final per hectares that are attained by preserve
Between seedling 1200-1500 strains, per hectare is finally reached by autothinning and preserves treelet 700-1000 strains.
In the Pinus tabulaeformis forest restoration methods of the present invention, for the shrub land without Chinese pine elite stand or Chinese pine elite stand deficiency, fill
Meadow or wild grass ground are, it is necessary to be implanted into elite stand.Be implanted into elite stand compared with Traditional Man broadcasts sowing Chinese pine seeds, although put into first compared with
Height, but there is sustainability.Chinese pine elite stand dissipates kind every year, as long as being many decades；And or some current fencing engineerings are not
Arbor introduces a collection is introduced, final target of recovering is shrub land；Take and manually sow seeds, be all much only to spread 1 year or several
Year, labour cost of sowing seeds is added up unsustainable, and poor effect every year, and some places are almost sprouted without seedling.In addition, elite stand is certainly
So dissipate kind, because its long duration than manually sowing seeds in short term is easier to run into the hydrothermal condition suitable time, once condition is fitted
Credit union has a large amount of Chinese pine seedling to sprout, and manually sows seeds and be easy to let slip a golden opportunity.Filled for the sufficient sparse woods of Chinese pine elite stand resource
Meadow, according to control area and distributing homogeneity, according to implantation elite stand method selection elite stand.Such as target elite stand skewness, part
Region is seriously short of, and can take the method transplanted on the spot, and the elite stand in region more than needed is transplanted into shortcoming region；Such as elite stand resource not
Foot, implantation elite stand method can be taken.The elite stand (except transplanting) of general opening does not need excessive artificial maintenance, keeps nature life
Length.Existing elite stand resource is made full use of, strengthens the transplanting and cultivation of germinating Chinese pine seedling, progressively expands plant scope, because
This present invention, which has, recovers that density is reasonable, cost of forestation is low, easy form tall shrub multilayer structure, increase bio-diversity, carries
The advantages of high ecosystem stability.
According to Hebei province's forest governmance result in 2006,128,720,000 mu of Hebei the whole province forest land area, typically
16,380,000 mu of spinney, and Ji Bei are held regional general 7,950,000 mu of spinney area, account for the 48.5% of the whole province's spinney area,
Therefore the present invention has a extensive future.
In summary, the method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovery of the invention, to be formed to being degenerated because of forest land
Shrub land, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, it is artificial cave-shaped plus part by cultivating Chinese pine elite stand under the premise of fencing
Site preparation and banding brush, and the seedling in later stage foster and managed, with promoting shrub land, shrub, wild grass ground or opening by
Step reverts to a kind of near-nature forest restoration methods of Pinus tabulaeformis stand, and of the invention promotes the method that serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovers,
Elite stand resource can be made full use of, kind is dissipated naturally by elite stand, strengthens the transplanting and cultivation of germinating Chinese pine seedling, progressively expand plant
Scope, have and recover that density is reasonable, cost of forestation is low, easy form tall shrub multilayer structure, increase bio-diversity, improves life
The advantages that state stability of a system.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover, it is characterised in that：This method be under the conditions of fencing, to because Forest land with seriously degenerating the shrub land of formation, shrub, the forest land to be restored of wild grass ground or opening, carry out artificial promoting to arrange Apply, the method for reverting to Pinus tabulaeformis stand；The artificial measures to promote comprises the following steps：A, elite stand is cultivated：A1, the shrub land without Chinese pine elite stand or Chinese pine elite stand deficiency, shrub, wild grass ground or opening, pass through implantation Mode, according to triangle disposition arrange elite stand, make elite stand row perpendicular to cardinal wind, and between elite stand spacing in the rows as 3~6 times of elite stand trees Height, line-spacing are that the standard of 3~5 times of elite stand height of trees controls elite stand distribution to cultivate elite stand；A2, the opening in Chinese pine elite stand resource abundance, by way of selected combination transplanting, arranged also according to triangle disposition Elite stand, making elite stand row, for spacing in the rows as 3~6 times of elite stand height of trees, line-spacing is 3~5 times of elite stand height of trees between elite stand perpendicular to cardinal wind Standard adjustment elite stand distribution cultivate elite stand；The selection of the elite stand is different because of region traffic condition, and in transport fairway, selection tree vigo(u)r is strong, growth is vigorous, knot Actual quantities is big, seed is full, the age of tree Chinese pine of 15~40 years dissipates kind of an elite stand；In transport difficult area, the age of tree oil of 8~12 years is selected Loose treelet；B, partial soil preparation：Being implanted into scattered kind of elite stand of Chinese pine needs to carry out within the 3rd year partial soil preparation after the implantation, and implantation Chinese pine treelet is used as female Tree is cultivated need to be Chinese pine be progressively ripe and start to sow carries out partial soil preparation on the 2nd year, and the elite stand selected with non-transplanting mode needs Partial soil preparation is being carried out then；Partial soil preparation is carried out in mid-September to early October；Partial soil preparation's operation includes following step Suddenly：B1, at each 1.0 times of height of trees of forward and reverse direction of wind direction, upwind and vertical cardinal wind, excavate 4 under elite stand Specification is length × width × height=2m × 0.5m × 0.15m rectangle seed hollow, in outer side edges edge training of the seed hollow with respect to elite stand Native ridge building, the high 30~40cm in the ridge；At the upward slope position edge of seed hollow, the low bank of earth between fields, the high 10~15cm in the ridge are built in training, and the low bank of earth between fields is not tamped, and are kept It is loose；B2, under elite stand at 2.0 times of height of trees of wind direction, banding brush is carried out along contour, makes soil bareness, brush width 2.0m； Cleaning earth's surface hinders the barrier medium that seed contacts with soil, makes soil bareness；C, Chinese pine seedling fosters：In 1~5 year after partial soil preparation, annual spring checks Chinese pine seedling sprouting situation, and in difference Operation is fostered below being carried out in region：The Chinese pine seedling of sprouting is all migrated into the location that is short of seedling in c1, seed hollow, brush is carried out around nursery transplant and is fostered；The Chinese pine seedling sprouted in c2, banding brush region reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine sprigging To the location that is short of seedling, around nursery transplant carrying out brush fosters；The Chinese pine seedling that c3, non-site preparation region are sprouted reaches 2 plants/m2During the above, compared with 2 plants/m2Unnecessary Chinese pine sprigging to lack Seedling location, in nursery transplant and retain and carry out brush around seedling and foster；It is centered on Chinese pine seedling that the brush, which is fostered, and 1m is that radius cuts off shrub around, until Chinese pine seedling is higher by surrounding 20~40cm of shrub, stop brush；D, follow-up management：D1, seed hollow and banding brush area decide whether to retain and safeguard depending on Chinese pine seedling distribution situation, if without the location that is short of seedling, can No longer safeguard, it is Pinus tabulaeformis forest to carry out nature growth recovery, otherwise should continue to retain, until without the location that is short of seedling；D2, for non-site preparation region, if without the location that is short of seedling, no longer the Chinese pine seedling of sprouting can be transplanted and brush is fostered, It is set to keep nature growth.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover, it is characterised in that described in step a The distribution density of elite stand is calculated as follows：N=S/ [π (ɑ h)2]N described in above formula represents distribution density, and the S represents transformation area, and the ɑ represents Chinese pine seeds propagation distance, takes 1.5 ~3；The h represents the height of tree.
- 3. the method according to claim 1 for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand to recover, it is characterised in that described in step a The transplanting operation of elite stand comprises the following steps：(1), elite stand lifting, transport:Elite stand carries out " weakness " pruning before lifting, cut off cella branch, sick branch and it is unwanted it is old, Weak branch；Hollow place, band Tu Tuo are dug during lifting, keeps soil to stick together 1.0~2.0m of diameter, is bundled with straw rope；Transportation is wound with straw rope Trunk, and moisturizing of spraying water；(2) soil improvement in plant pit and cave, is excavated：Excavate plant pit, make the more native diameter that sticks together of plant pit diameter big by 1/2, plant pit depth compared with Tu Tuo is highly big by 1/3；Humic fertilizer is applied in cave, and is puddled uniformly with the top layer mellow soil excavated out；(3), elite stand is transplanted：Elite stand depth is transplanted with original soil trace to maintain an equal level or less than 5~10cm of original soil trace；Then layering is banketed, often Mono- layer of 20~30cm, tamps after filling out, untill filling up；(4), elite stand is managed and protected：The 1st time water is poured immediately after elite stand plant, or coordinates the use of root-inducing powder to pour the 1st time water, 7~10 days After pour the 2nd time water, the 3rd time water is poured after 15~20 days, that carries out elite stand afterwards manages and protects work.
- 4. according to the method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovery described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The elite stand Work of managing and protecting include loosening the soil, be weeding, cold-proof, elite stand is recovered growing way after transplanting, start natural reseeding.
- 5. according to the method for promoting serious degeneration Pinus tabulaeformis stand recovery described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The elite stand Or the transplanting of Chinese pine seedling is carried out in spring.
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Address after: 050061 No. 75, Xuefu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Patentee after: Hebei Academy of forestry and grassland Sciences Address before: 050061 No. 75, Xuefu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Patentee before: HEBEI ACADEMY OF FORESTRY SCIENCE |