CN109328965B - Afforestation method for recovering artificial forest from near nature - Google Patents
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- CN109328965B CN109328965B CN201811519572.5A CN201811519572A CN109328965B CN 109328965 B CN109328965 B CN 109328965B CN 201811519572 A CN201811519572 A CN 201811519572A CN 109328965 B CN109328965 B CN 109328965B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an afforestation method for recovering artificial forests close to nature, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting a forest land; step two, selective cutting; step three, hole expanding and planting; step four, expanding the acupuncture points and tending after cutting; step five, cutting by two crops; step six, digging a hole, righting the intercepting rod; and seventhly, carrying out point expanding and tending after felling. According to the afforestation method, the broad-leaved trees are planted artificially under the artificial forest, the young trees of other species, particularly the arbor seedlings, on the forest land are well preserved, the forest is restored by fully utilizing the natural force, the formation of a forest stand mixed by multiple tree species is facilitated, and the species diversity is improved; the broadleaf tree seedlings have good flexibility and fracture resistance, the germination restoration capability after the seedlings are broken and the stems are cut is strong, and the seedlings do not need to be supplemented; the young trees of the arbor seedlings are stored, and the closing time of the forest land is greatly advanced; the method can shorten the one-year operation period of forest stand, effectively reduce the afforestation cost, shorten the exposed time of forest land by one year, and has positive promotion effect on environmental ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an afforestation method for recovering artificial forests close to nature.
Background
A traditional artificial forest cutover updating and repairing mode comprises the following steps: felling the grass, cutting grass and making mountain → preparing land → planting → weeding and tending comprehensively. The traditional mountain-making can thoroughly clear unsuitable natural vegetation and clear up space, is one of the means that the ground-tracing clearing is simple, rapid, economic and effective at present, and the cleared-up plants have short-term fertilizer-activating effect on soil, are beneficial to the early growth of trees and promote the early closure of the trees.
However, this conventional mode has the following disadvantages: firstly, updating is not considered during grass splitting and weeding tending, and young seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees with cultivation prospects are also split, so that species of forestation land are reduced, species diversity is reduced, stress resistance of forest stands is reduced, plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated, the productivity of the forest stands is reduced, and continuous operation of forestry is seriously influenced; secondly, serious water and soil loss, various nutrient loss and soil structure damage are caused by mountain refining, the water retention and storage capacity of soil is reduced, the soil fertility is reduced, and the soil fertility is declined; thirdly, the investment of the forest culture is large, the economic benefit is poor, the traditional forest culture adopts grass splitting and mountain making, large hole digging and land preparation and comprehensive grass removing and tending, the grass removing is finished to be smooth, the florist is large, and the investment is high; fourthly, the survival rate of the artificially planted broad-leaved tree seedlings is not high, the growth amount is low, and the requirements of ecological construction cannot be met. Fifthly, when the broad-leaved seedlings with cultivation prospect are cut off together with grass splitting and weeding tending, only artificially planted plants are on the forest land, the effective photopolymers are few, and the forest land is late in closing.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides an afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature, which is characterized in that measures such as felling and tending are taken to artificially plant broad-leaved trees under the artificial forests to create a near natural habitat for the growth of the artificially planted broad-leaved trees, so that the quick, efficient and biodiverse ecological restoration of the artificial forests is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
a afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a forest land, namely selecting an artificial forest suitable for planting the biological characteristics of the broad-leaved trees;
step two, selective cutting, namely, moderately selective cutting is carried out on the artificial forest, the cut branches are driven to the tips, so that cutting residues fall to the field, and the cutting time is finished before 12 months of the year before the broad-leaved tree seedlings are planted;
step three, expanding holes for planting, digging tree holes on the ground, planting broad-leaved tree seedlings in the tree holes, wherein the planting time is completed before 3 months of the current year of the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
step four, after selective cutting, expanding holes and tending, expanding holes and cultivating stumps in the same year of hole expanding planting, and expanding holes outwards on the basis of the previous tree holes;
step five, cutting by one, namely cutting the rest of the forest in the artificial forest by one, striking the felled branches to the tips, and enabling the felled residues to fall to the field for 10-12 months of the year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
taking off holes, righting and cutting the stems, taking off the felling residues covered on the broad-leaved tree seedlings outwards, righting the inclined seedlings, and cutting the stems of the broken seedlings above the ground for 1-3 months of the next year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
and seventhly, expanding holes and tending after felling by two crops, and expanding the holes outwards on the basis of the previous tree holes every year in the second year and the third year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings.
As an improvement of the scheme, in the step one, an artificial forest with forest stand canopy density of more than 0.7 or an artificial forest with less forest mixed irrigation is selected.
As an improvement of the scheme, in the second step, the canopy density of the artificial forest after selective cutting is 0.4-0.6.
As an improvement of the scheme, a nearly natural environment is created for the growth of the broadleaf tree seedlings planted under the forest through the steps from one to five.
As an improvement of the scheme, in the sixth step, the cut stem of the broken seedling on the ground is cut, the stem cutting time is 1-3 months in the second year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedling, and the flexibility and the fracture resistance of the broad-leaved tree seedling are utilized, so that the broad-leaved tree seedling after the stem cutting has strong germination and repair capacity.
In the seventh step, after the tree seedlings are felled, the hole expanding and tending are carried out twice a year in the second year and the third year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings, a nearly natural environment is created for the growth of the broad-leaved tree seedlings, and the time is 5-6 months and 9-10 months every year.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the afforestation method for the near-nature recovery artificial forest has the following advantages:
(1) hole expanding planting and hole expanding tending are carried out, weeding is only carried out on the peripheries of broad-leaved tree seedlings, young trees of other species, particularly arbor seedlings, on the forest land are well preserved, the forest is restored by fully utilizing natural force, the forest stand of multi-tree species mixed crossing is facilitated to be formed, and the variety of the species is improved;
(2) the logging residues are paved on the ground and naturally rot, so that the water retention and storage capacity of the soil is improved, the soil structure is improved, the fertility of various nutrients in the soil is increased, the soil fertility is improved, the nutrient circulation of the forest land is facilitated, and the positive promotion effect on the improvement of the soil biodiversity is achieved;
(3) broad-leaved tree seedlings are shady, and the artificial forest after selective cutting can provide an environment close to natural under-forest growth for the broad-leaved tree seedlings planted under the forest, so that the survival rate and the annual growth amount are improved; the seedlings of the broad-leaved trees are nursed by expanding holes after being felled, and the seedlings of other trees and the weed irrigation growing around the seedlings provide a growing environment which is close to natural recovery and naturally updated in the felling trail of the natural broad-leaved trees, so that the growth quantity of the seedlings is improved;
(4) before each felling, the artificially planted broad-leaved seedlings grow under the artificial forest for one year, actually, the planting of the felling land of the artificial forest is implemented for one year ahead of time, the operating period of the forest in one year is shortened, the use land rents of the forest land for one year are reduced, for example, 750-yuan land rents per hectare of Wuyuan forest land are taken as the example, the artificial forest of 6933 hectares in China is adopted, the artificial forest of 1/3 adopts an artificial planting broad-leaved seedling near-natural recovery mode, 173-million-yuan forest land rents are reduced for the country, and the method is worthy of large-area popularization and application;
(5) the preservation of young trees of arbor seedlings and the collection of germinated trees and artificially planted seedlings greatly improve the effective photosynthetic substance on the forest land, greatly advance the closing time of the forest land, greatly reduce the exposure time of the forest land, greatly increase the carbon fixation of the forest land and play a positive role in promoting the ecological restoration of the environment.
Detailed Description
Ecological restoration is an important component of ecological civilization, and success and failure of ecological restoration directly relates to the success of ecological civilization construction. In the existing ecological restoration process of the artificial forest, conifer trees with wide growth application range are usually adopted for afforestation, and along with the application of light medium container seedlings in the forestry technology, the problem that the conifer trees are not available for afforestation every year is gradually solved. The broad-leaved tree seedlings are planted on the artificial forest cut land in a shade-loving characteristic, the survival rate still cannot meet the requirement (more than 85 percent), the growth quantity is not high, and the requirement of 'rapidness, high efficiency and various species' of the current ecological restoration cannot be met. At present, the artificial forest in China mainly comprises coniferous trees, the area of the artificial forest of the broad leaf trees is less than 5%, and the artificial forest of the broad leaf trees is not widely popularized and applied in the artificial forest although the tree species resources in China are rich and the broad leaf trees are in various types.
The artificial forest mainly comprising the conifer has the problem of single biological community in the artificial forest. In artificial forest cultivation, in order to obtain more forest reserves and economic benefits, the planting density is generally large, and the development coverage of under-forest vegetation and renewable broad-leaved trees is low. Moreover, along with the improvement of the purity of improved varieties of seedlings of the artificial forest, clone afforestation is commonly used in China, so that the gene narrowing of the artificial forest is further caused, and the resistance of the artificial forest is reduced.
In order to improve the stability of the artificial forest, increase the complexity of forest stand composition, increase the variety selection of saplings of the artificial forest, fully utilize natural force to recover the forest and improve the biological diversity and community structure of artificial forestation. The method is characterized in that the mode of establishing, nurturing and felling the forest stand is close to the natural relationship of potential natural forest vegetation, so that the forest stand can perform spontaneous production close to natural ecology to achieve dynamic balance of forest biological communities, natural species are revived under the assistance of manpower, and the diversity of forest biological species is ensured to the maximum extent. The artificial forest for artificially planting the broad-leaved trees to restore the artificial forest close to nature provides a rapid, efficient and diverse-species ecological restoration technology for the artificial forest for the society, and directly promotes the progress of ecological civilization construction.
The embodiment of the invention provides an afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from nature, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a forest land. According to the biological characteristics of planting broad-leaved tree species, selecting an artificial forest suitable for planting broad-leaved trees, and mainly selecting an artificial forest with a forest stand canopy density of more than 0.7 or an artificial forest with less under-forest mixed irrigation.
And step two, cutting. Properly cutting an artificial forest, hitting the felling branches to the tips, enabling the felling residues to fall on the spot, promoting the felling residues to rot as early as possible, wherein the canopy density of the forest after the artificial forest is cut is required to be 0.4-0.6, the time is finished before 12 months of the year before the broad-leaved tree seedlings are planted, and preferably the time is finished before 9 months of the year before the broad-leaved tree seedlings are planted; in the step, 1-2 cutters can be added to the cut stump during cutting, so that the formation of the dominant strains of the sprouting strips of the cut stump is promoted (the stump refers to the roots and stems close to the roots of some plants).
And step three, hole expanding and planting. Selecting a ground with a square meter of 0.1 to 0.5, digging 0.3 to 0.6m deep into the ground to form tree holes, wherein the tree holes can be square tree holes with a depth of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m and 0.3m, and the tree holes can be regular shapes such as circle, square, ellipse and the like or other irregular shapes, planting broad leaf tree seedlings into the tree holes, selecting the inner side of the mountain and the outer side of the mountain as far as possible for planting the broad leaf trees, and gently forming a low-concave place, wherein the time is completed before 3 months of planting the broad leaf tree seedlings in the same year. The time for planting the broad-leaved trees can also be advanced to 10-12 months of the selective cutting current year.
And step four, expanding the acupoints and tending after selective cutting. Expanding holes and cultivating stumps in the same year as hole expanding planting, expanding the holes outwards by 0.1-1.5 m on the basis of the original tree holes, for example, the ground area of the original tree holes is a square area of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, the step can be expanded outwards on the basis of the original tree holes, for example, the tree holes with the ground area of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m can be expanded into 1m multiplied by 1 m; when the hole is expanded, soil can be shoveled and turned over in a shallow manner on the soil layer of the original tree hole, the depth of the shallow shovel is 3-5 cm, soil is shoveled and turned over in a deep manner on the soil layer of the hole, the depth of the deep shovel is 15-30 cm, a steamed bun-shaped soil slope structure is formed around the broad-leaved tree seedling after soil turning, the step is carried out for 5-6 months and 9-10 months of the current year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedling, and if the time for planting the broad-leaved tree seedling is advanced to 10-12 months of the current year of selective cutting, the time for expanding the hole and tending after selective cutting is 5-6 months and 9-10 months of the next year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedling.
Step five, cutting by two crops. Felling the rest of the trees in the artificial forest by one year, hitting the branches of the felled trees to the tips, enabling the felled residues to fall on the spot as much as possible, promoting the felled residues to rot as early as possible, and planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings in the current year for 10-12 months.
And step six, digging a hole to centralize the cutting rod. After felling by one kind, digging out the felling residues covered around the broad-leaved tree seedlings, wherein the digging-out distance can be actually judged according to the growth vigor of the broad-leaved tree seedlings, for example, 1m can be dug out, and the felling residues refer to the sundries of branches and leaves felled after felling by one kind; the method has the advantages that the inclined seedlings are righted, if the broad-leaved tree seedlings are cut off in the process of cutting by two persons, the cut stems can be cut off from the cut seedlings, the cut stems are located at the positions, more than 5cm away from the ground, of the broken seedlings in one year, the broken seedlings are good in flexibility and strong in folding resistance, the broken seedlings are strong and germinate and restore rapidly after being cut off, after the cut seedlings are cut by two persons, new seedlings do not need to be reseeded, and the method is very convenient to use and the time is 1-3 months in the second year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings.
And seventhly, carrying out point expanding and tending after felling. In the second year and the third year of planting broad-leaved tree seedlings, the broad-leaved tree seedlings are nursed twice a year, the time is 5-6 months and 9-10 months per year for expanding the holes and cultivating the stumps, the holes are expanded outwards by 0.1-1.5 m on the basis of the previous holes, for example, the 1m multiplied by 1m tree hole is expanded outwards by 0.3m in the 5 months of the second year, and the holes are expanded outwards by 0.2m in the 9 months, so that a new hole with the surface area of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m is formed. And (3) digging soil on the soil layer of the previous tree hole with a shallow depth of 3-5 cm, digging soil on the soil layer of the hole expanding with a deep depth of 15-30 cm, and forming a steamed bread-shaped soil slope structure around the planted broad-leaved tree seedling after digging soil.
Forest stand means a piece of forest whose internal features are generally consistent and clearly distinguished from adjacent sections. The forest in a forest area can be divided into different forest stands according to the factors of the composition of tree species, the origin of the forest, the forest phase, the forest age, the density, the forest type and the like. Different forest stands often require different forest management measures.
Canopy density is the ratio of the total projected area (crown width) of the crown of an arbor in a forest on the ground in direct sunlight to the total area of the forest land (forest stand), and reflects the density of the forest stand. The canopy density is an important factor reflecting forest structures and forest environments, and is widely applied to the aspects of water and soil loss, water conservation, forest stand quality evaluation, forest landscape construction and the like. In forest management, the canopy density is an important factor for zoning a small class, determining tending and felling intensity and even judging whether the forest is in operation or not. The canopy closure degree can reflect the closure degree of the crown and the degree of the tree using living space.
Broad-leaved trees, especially broad-leaved tree seedlings, have strong germination capacity and do not influence the shape of the main stems of the seedlings, the broad-leaved trees generally refer to dicotyledonous plants, and the broad-leaved trees have flat broad-leaved leaves, leaf veins are netted, leaves are evergreen or fallen leaves, the broad-leaved trees generally have broad leaf surfaces, and the leaf shapes of perennial woody plants have various shapes according to different tree species. Some are evergreen, and most of fallen leaves fall off from branches in autumn and winter. A forest consisting of broad-leaved trees is called a broadleaf forest.
Broadleaf forests mixed with other plants have more animal and plant species than traditional coniferous forests. Broad-leaved trees have luxuriant branches and leaves in spring and summer and are well concealed, the branch shapes are suitable for stable building of nests, most bird nests are built on the broad-leaved trees, the number of birds building the nests on the coniferous trees is relatively small, and particularly large-sized birds feel trouble on the excessively dense branches and leaves, so that the broad-leaved trees are added in the artificial forest to directly and beneficially affect the variety improvement.
The broad-leaved tree seedling is selected from Magnoliaceae, Anisodiaceae, Lauraceae, Longophthalmology, Theaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Tiliaceae, Elaeocarpus dulcis, Sterculiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Aceraceae, Ulmaceae, Leguminosae, Anacardiaceae, Oleaceae, Salicaceae, and Fagaceae.
The following description will be made in detail by taking an example of artificially planting near-nature Chinese fir artificial forest in Wuyuan county.
1. Selecting a forest land: selecting a fir wood artificial forest with the elevation of less than 500 meters and local topography of valleys and depressions and the forest age of 20-30 years as a forest land for artificially planting the machilus pauhoi near the nature to recover the fir wood artificial forest. Requiring a soil layer: the thickness is more than 80 cm, the thickness of humus is more than 15cm, and the soil is fertile, loose, moist and good in drainage.
The forest land where the machilus pauhoi nanensis is artificially planted is close to the natural recovery fir wood artificial forest, is selected from 14 and 37 shifts of long beach forest in Xichong separation field, the canopy density of the fir wood artificial forest is more than 0.9 per 360 mu, and the forest age is 26 years. Landform hills with an altitude of 100-165 m, southeast direction and full slope length. The soil is yellow red soil, and the thickness of the soil layer is more than 100 cm.
The traditional Chinese fir artificial forest cutting land is updated in the forest land selection: 54 shifts in Taibai branch, the China fir artificial forest in 2017 and 10 months adopts a cutting land, a landform hill, an elevation of 51-147 meters, a south slope and a full slope length. The soil is yellow red soil, and the thickness of the soil layer is more than 100 cm.
2. And (3) selective cutting: in 2016, 10 months, moderate selective cutting was performed. Thinning the fir trees according to the principles of poor harvest and excellent retention, weak harvest and strong retention, dense harvest and thin retention and even distribution of the trees, and keeping the canopy density of 0.4-0.6 after thinning. 1-2 cutters are added to the cut stump during cutting, so that the formation of the dominant strains of the bud strips of the cut stump is promoted; and (4) striking the cutting branches to the tips, and enabling cutting residues to fall to the field as much as possible to promote the cutting residues to rot as early as possible. The selective cutting completion time is required to be 12 months ago.
3. Planting: 14 and 37 shifts of Xichong separated field long beach forest, planting the machilus pauhoi kanehfia in a range of 50 cm by 50 cm around the position of the machilus pauhoi kansui according to the planting requirement that the planting density is 100 plants/mu and the plant-row spacing is 2.2 m by 3m, and planting the machilus pauhoi kanehfia after deeply digging 40 cm. Time completed in 2018, month 3.
54 shifts of Taibai branch adopt a cut land, 10 months of training in 2017, and 11 months of conditioning a forest land. According to the planting requirements of planting density of 100 plants/mu and plant row spacing of 2.2 m multiplied by 3m, the periphery of the planting position is dug to be 40 cm deep and then planted within the range of 50 cm multiplied by 50 cm. The planted tree species are pinus elliottii and machilus pauhoi 1: 1 plant is mixed and hybridized, the time is finished in 2018 and 3 months, and the method is compared with the artificial forest for artificially planting the near-natural recovered fir wood.
4. Tending: 14 and 37 shifts of Xichong separated long beach forest, expanding holes and cultivating stumps in 5 months in 2018, expanding the holes to 1m multiplied by 1m, digging a shallow shovel in the holes to a depth of 3-5 cm, digging a shallow shovel outside the holes to a depth of 15-30 cm, and forming steamed bread.
And 4, dividing the field into 54 small shifts in Taibai, and performing cutting irrigation, weeding and tending in 5 months and 9 months.
5. The method is realized by two steps: in 2018, the trees of the 14 th class and the 37 th class in the Xichong separated field long beach forest are felled in both the 10 th month and the 12 th month. 1-2 cutters are added to the cut stump during cutting, so that the formation of the dominant strains of the bud strips of the cut stump is promoted; and (4) striking the cutting branches to the tips, and enabling cutting residues to fall to the field as much as possible to promote the cutting residues to rot as early as possible.
Wuyuan encounters drought lasting 20 days in 2018, late 3 to early 4 months. After 4 months and 10 days, no withered tips of the machilus pauhoi kanehfia planted under the artificial forests of 14 and 37 small-class fir trees in the west-Chong branch field, withered tips of more than 70 percent of the machilus pauhoi kanensis planted in 54 small-class artificial forest cut-out fields in the Taibai branch field, and 40 percent of machilus pauhoi kanensis seedlings are withered. In 11 months in 2018, the survival rate of the machilus pauhoi kanehfia planted under the artificial forests of 14 and 37 small-class fir trees in the west break field reaches more than 92 percent, and the survival rate of the machilus pauhoi kanehfia planted on the cut-off land of 54 small-class artificial forests in the Taibai field is only 55 percent, so that the survival rate and other growth parameters of the near-natural recovery artificial forest are greatly improved compared with those of the traditional artificial forest. The growth conditions of the two-dimensional wood shavings are detailed in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of growth vigor of machilus pauhoi kanehfia in Xichong and Taibai fields
| Location of a site | Mode(s) | Survival rate (%) | Miao height (cm) | Crown width (cm) | Number of blades (sheet) |
| West Chong separation field | Close to nature | 92 | 57.0 | 29.4 | 27.9 |
| Taibai field | Tradition of | 55 | 48.9 | 18.1 | 40.1 |
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made to the embodiments of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a forest land, namely selecting an artificial forest suitable for planting the biological characteristics of the broad-leaved trees;
step two, selective cutting, namely, moderately selective cutting is carried out on the artificial forest, the cut branches are driven to the tips, so that cutting residues fall to the field, and the cutting time is finished before 12 months of the year before the broad-leaved tree seedlings are planted;
step three, expanding holes for planting, digging tree holes on the ground, planting broad-leaved tree seedlings in the tree holes, wherein the planting time is completed before 3 months of the current year of the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
step four, after selective cutting, expanding holes and tending, expanding holes and cultivating stumps in the same year of hole expanding planting, and expanding holes outwards on the basis of the previous tree holes;
step five, cutting by one, namely cutting the rest of the forest in the artificial forest by one, striking the felled branches to the tips, and enabling the felled residues to fall to the field for 10-12 months of the year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
digging holes to centralize the cutting rods, digging out felling residues covered on broad-leaved tree seedlings, centralizing the inclined seedlings, and cutting the broken seedlings on the ground;
step seven, after felling by two crops, expanding holes and tending, and expanding holes outwards again on the basis of the former tree holes every year in the second year and the third year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings;
wherein, in the step one, the artificial forest with forest stand canopy density of more than 0.7 or the artificial forest with less forest bottom miscellaneous irrigation is selected.
2. The afforestation method for recovering artificial forests close to nature according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the canopy density of the artificial forests after selective cutting is 0.4-0.6.
3. The afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature according to claim 1, wherein a near nature environment is created for the growth of the broadleaf tree seedlings planted under the forests through the steps one to five.
4. The afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature according to claim 1, wherein, in the sixth step, the cut-off of the cut-off seedlings is performed on the ground, the cut-off time is 1 month to 3 months in the second year of planting the broadleaf seedlings, and the cut-off broadleaf seedlings have strong germination and restoration abilities by virtue of the flexibility and the folding resistance of the broadleaf seedlings.
5. The afforestation method for recovering artificial forests from near nature according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the hole-expanding and tending after felling is carried out twice a year in the second year and the third year of planting the broad-leaved tree seedlings, so as to create a near nature environment for the broad-leaved tree seedlings, and the time is 5-6 months and 9-10 months per year.
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| CN109984008A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-09 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations structure of modification method |
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