CN108566862A - A kind of quick broad-leafization alteration method of East Sea island degeneration pine forest - Google Patents
A kind of quick broad-leafization alteration method of East Sea island degeneration pine forest Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quick broad-leafization alteration methods of East Sea island degeneration pine forest, in the pine forest of island pine nematode harm, it is main to foster and implement broad leaf tree artificial regeneration to realize that degeneration pine forest broad-leafization alteration restores using continuous loose epidemic disease wood cleaning, due to being difficult to seek obtaining potential plant and suitable Tending, broad-leaved pioneer devaluation seeds in woods are caused largely to invade, stand structure is simple, poor quality, updates difficult and weak protective benefits situation.The technical methods such as the present invention fostered using the potential species of zonality as functional objective constructive species, sanitation felling, the potential seeds of after-culture, tending ot young growth, density adjusting and standing forest management, stand structure, composition and the dominant tree quantity that can effectively improve degeneration pine forest remarkably promote forest and tend to zonality climax succession.The method increase stand site condition, forest community quality and economy, ecological benefits, will have a wide range of applications in island degeneration forest rehabilitating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broad-leafization alteration technology of degeneration forest, especially a kind of East Sea island degeneration pine forest it is fast
Fast broad-leafization alteration method.
Background technology
The shelter-forests on island ecological environment frailty in China East Sea region, afforestation are difficult.In the past 20 years, due to pine nematode
Great outburst, island masson pine (Pinus massoniana) woods and black pine (Pinus thunbergii) woods by extinction,
Most island pine forests degenerate completely.Currently, how to reverse the degradation trend of degeneration masson pine and black pine shelter-forest so that
Island forest ecology protection benefit is uninterrupted, it has also become a difficult point of the shelter-forests on island operation at present.
Using traditional forestry theory and tending technique often restore slow, forest structure is single, update is difficult, benefit is low.
Therefore, forest workers constantly researches and develops various methods effectively, practical, operability is strong.There are following methods in the prior art：
1) widespread practice is that first full wood progress sanitation felling cleaning is fostered in pine forest, then is closed hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and is let nature take its course extensive
It is multiple, but the scarcity of the variability due to island environment, fragility and evergreen broad-leaved dominant tree elite stand, it often generates after sealing a mountain pass,
Pest and disease damage is broken out again, forest is impaired, positive devaluation species are largely invaded, broad-leaved increment species of one's native land are less, standing forest is uncultivated, extensive
It is multiple slow.
2) after being fostered using sanitation felling in degeneration pine forest, small blocky or strip after-culture and the side fostered on slash
Method, since selection seeds are improper and Tending is ineffective, the raw broad-leaved vanguard tree seed of sun largely invades, and leads to after-culture treelet storage rate
Low, slow-growing, update difficulty, input are big, ineffective.
Therefore, degeneration pine forest is transformed there are two the key factors restored after restricting the harm of pine forest nematodiasis, and one is a lack of pine
The sufficient potential seeds of adaptability in the woods succession of community stage；Two are a lack of the Management Technology of a set of scientific system.Therefore, one is researched and developed
In kind degeneration pine forest, using natural endowment is given naturally, the island forest science that law of nature and technical advantage organically combine is utilized to pass through
Battalion's technology is extremely urgent.
Schima superba (Schima superba) is one of the sociales of Eastern China Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest, and China east
Portion moistens the main advantage seeds in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest area.Since Schima superba timber is tough and tensile, fine and close, corrosion resistant, artificial growth are suitable
Ying Xingqiang, growth fast, solid morning, updating ability is strong and treelet is compared with the feature of shade tolerant, and each province, city are equal on the south China Yangtze river basin
It is distributed, is the ideal broad-leaved high quality timber of south China, Shelter-wood and Mixed effect.
East China island forest cover category Mid-subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forests, Zhejiang Fujian massif castanopsis caudata
(Castanopsiseyrei), Schima superba forest zone.Schima superba can not only invade naturally earlier in the During Succession of evergreen broad-leaved vegetation
Enter the group of succession initial stage, and the succession later stage can be developed to, adaptation is played in Broad-leaved Forest Communities succession development
Property it is strong, solid it is early, amount is big, it is fast to restore, unique effect that is having grown.It is not only the potential seeds of South East area island, and
And it is also Precious Timber Species.But according to long-term the study found that Schima superba does not have NATURAL DISTRIBUTION on east China island.This was both
May be that long-term Human impact causes its population to disappear, it is also possible to which when east island is detached with continent, Schima superba is not spread
To Island.In this case, the advantage ecology strategy for how utilizing Schima superba, researches and develops it in island degeneration pine forest broad-leaved
Technical method in transformation can solve the broad-leafization alteration problem of island degeneration pine forest.
Early- season rice A Kang is a kind of common composite fertilizer on the market, N:P:K is 16%:16%:
16%.
Invention content
A kind of East Sea island degeneration pine forest is provided the purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art
Quick broad-leafization alteration method
To achieve the goals above, the quick broad-leafization alteration side of a kind of East Sea island degeneration pine forest designed by the present invention
Method, method include the following steps：
Step 1 endangers the typicalness, fragility and duration of masson pine forest and black pine woods according to island pine nematode
Feature, comprehensive pine forest land occupation condition, marks off the two site type regions in hillside and ridge first, the root again in the two regions
Forest zone domain and sparse woods region have been marked off according to the canopy density of pine tree children middle forest；The Pine Forest Density has sentencing for woods and sparse woods region
Disconnected standard is canopy density>0.4 is to have forest zone domain；Canopy density≤0.4 is sparse woods region；
Step 2, in the different zones divided in above-mentioned steps one, according to Potential vegetation and succession of community rule, in conjunction with
Orest management target determines the purpose species of trees；And sanitation felling, thinning for tending are implemented to pine forest, loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall, discount are removed comprehensively
Wood and decline wood；Outward transport is removed comprehensively to loose epidemic disease residuum；Filling, bamboo, rattan, grass are cleared up, its residuum is covered in woods, from
So rot；It avoids that broad-leaved treelet is caused to damage as possible when fostering and transporting；It prunes to the broad-leaved treelet of reservation, promotes master
The tip is grown；
Step 3, the sparse woods region divided in above-mentioned steps one site preparation after-culture by the way of blocky or bulk, is having
Forest zone is using broad-leaved evergreens seedling such as irregular stripelike manner site preparation after-culture Schima superbas；December after the cleaning of degeneration pine forest is fostered
Cave site preparation is dug, cave specification 0.5m × 0.5m × 0.35m is cultivated, table soil fills out bottom, and cubsoil is upward, and blocky or bulk site preparation distance between rows and hills is
2.8m × 2.6m, the distance between rows and hills of strip site preparation away from cultivating cave under the crown canopy outside plant 1.2m, according to retain pine plant amount number,
Its distance between rows and hills is changeable, and distance between rows and hills is about 2.8m × 2.6m；After-culture is carried out in mid or late March, seedling strain is using local or neighbouring
What area was cultivated grow directly from seeds, be healthy and strong, apical dominance is apparent, degree of lignification is high, 1 to the 2 year bare-root seeding or container seedling of no disease and pests harm；
Step 4, after-culture nursery stock foster, the late May after planting seedlings and early September, to 1.0m models around planting nursery stock
Enclose the interior shrub newly grown, weeds loosen the soil fostering, continuous 3 years；To being damaged serious in cleaning transport after loose epidemic disease wood or giving money as a gift
Treelet removed with all being repaiied at the pile from the high about 3cm of earth's surface, with profit sprout branch update；The measure of tending ot young growth when planting height of seedling 2m
It is semicircle shallow ridges also to be excavated above plant, deep 5cm, every plant is applied after carrying out the clear grass of bushing around plant in late Febuary
Russian Chan A health composite fertilizer about 30g applies rear earth backing, continuous fertilization 3 years；
Step 5 carries out integrated management to standing forest, and loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall, discount wood are persistently removed in arborous layer；Selection is real
The excellent wood individual raw, healthy and strong, vitality is strong, dry type is logical directly, satisfactory, without tree body damage is as alternative target tree；In update step and
In herbaceous layer, using artificial after-culture at updated seedling is set, regulate and control the density of crop, in mid or late March, children will be updated under crown canopy
Nursery stock more than seedling, now playing existing cultivation, after-culture reinforces seedling culture on vacant lot again；Prevent forest disease and pest and forest fires from occurring；It builds
Vertical forest monitoring sample and files of forest resources；It is described to establish forest monitoring sample, sample projected area be 400m2, quantity 3
It is a, and set up control；The regulation and control density after-culture selection of seedling standard is height of seedling >=0.4m, healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, lignifying journey
The seedling that degree is high, vitality is strong；It is described regulation and control density after-culture seedling measure be to try to transplantation with soil, to the nursery stock after lifting into
Row branches and leaves trim, dredge take 1/3 leaf, plant in the gap that later stage pine epidemic disease wood is removed ground, water after plant；And repeat step 4
Tending ot young growth measure adjusts the density of crop, it is made to be uniformly distributed.
The advantageous effect that the present invention obtains is：By loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall, discount wood sanitation felling and sparsely fell, remove shrubbery and
Weeds foster, the potential seeds seedling of artificial after-culture, foster shoot, regulate and control the density of crop in time, and the technologies such as standing forest management improve
Standing forest composition, stand structure and land occupation condition significantly promote the fast of zonality evergreen broad-leaved advantage purpose species of trees Schima superba
Quick-recovery growth and development make the quick broad-leaved of degeneration coniferous forest；The present invention improves the stand quality of transformation forest, update
Ability and economic benefit and ecological protective functions will have extensively in China South East area island and the transformation of Mountainous Area Degeneration coniferous forest
Application prospect.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Enforcement place is located at coastal hillside and the ridge of Zhejiang Province Zhoushan Mount Putuo black bamboo woods, height above sea level 50m, slope aspect east
South, the gradient≤15 °.Early period is artificial masson pine and black pine middle-aged forest, and pure forest, canopy density 0.7,2005 are by pine nematode
Insect pest.
Zhoushan Island Degraded Pinus massoniana Forest and black pine woods transform as to be fostered by the sanitation felling of target constructive species of Schima superba；
According to potential vegetation community succession of herbaceous, determines transformation seeds, select Schima superba, Hong Nan
(Machilusthunbergii) etc. zonality broad leaf tree is purpose seeds；Winter in 2007 to pine forest sanitation felling, sparsely fell, entirely
Withered wood, wind-fall, discount wood and the shrubbery rattan and weeds of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus harm are removed in face, improve standing forest sanitary condition and illumination item
Part, to loose epidemic disease wood, dry, branch is cleared comprehensively；Part shrubbery and weeds residuum are positioned in woods, decomposition of letting nature take its course is rotted；
In cleaning and transport, avoid causing update broad-leaved seedling, treelet damage as possible；It prunes to the broad-leaved treelet of reservation, with
Promote leading shoot growth.
The potential seeds of after-culture；
The vacant lot caves the Zhong Wa site preparation of standing forest is fostered in degeneration pine forest at the beginning of in mid-March, 2008 to 4 months；Cultivate cave specification 0.5m
The seeding row spacing of × 0.5m × 0.3m, spot soil preparation are 2.6m × 2.8m, and the seeding row spacing of strip site preparation is felled using loose epidemic disease wood as possible
Gap, general 3m × 2.8m, after-culture is under the crown canopy from pine tree plant 1m；Nursery stock is cultivated healthy and strong, wooden using O near-earths area
Change degree is high, no disease and pests harm life in 1 year is grown directly from seeds bare-root seeding.
After-culture treelet fosters；
In late May, 2008, the early September shrubbery and weeds to newly being grown within the scope of the surrounding 1.5m of planting nursery stock respectively
It is purged, continuously fosters 3 years；It loosens the soil every time and soil at plant rhizome is built up into " small steamed bun " type when fostering mowing, with sharp seedling
The wooden root growth；Treelet is damaged when preventing the cleaning transport of later stage pine epidemic disease wood；To the treelet of damage give money as a gift can liftoff foundation it is high
3cm complete stools, which are repaiied, to be removed, and is germinated with profit；Damage it is light need to prune, keep leading shoot growth, promote the growth of treelet trunk.
Regulate and control the density of crop；
It in high 3m of treelet or so, is fostered to carrying out the clear grass of bushing around plant with interval 2 years 1 time, continuously three times, is promoted
The tree of treelet is high, hat width is grown and solid ahead of time；After after-culture 8 years, has natural regeneration broad-leaved dominant tree seedling under crown canopy
Plot at the end of February to seedling that is healthy and strong, growing fine, set high 0.5m or so, then open semicircle shape shallow ridges, deep 5cm is applied for every plant
Russian Chan A health composite fertilizer 30g, applies rear blinding；Promote the growth of treelet.
Standing forest management；
Duration integrated management is implemented to standing forest, removes loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall and discount wood in time, protect after-culture seedling and
Treelet；Pole stock cultivation is carried out to the trees of after-culture for the first time, selection preparation is grown directly from seeds, healthy and strong, dry-shaped straight, satisfactory, growing way is vigorous, nothing
The individual of tree body damage is as target wood；The generation for preventing forest disease and pest and forest fires, forbids human interference to destroy；Establish forest
Dynamic monitoring sample, the sample of 20m × 20m is set up in the typical transformation of the selection of in August, 2017 restores standing forest 3, and set up pair
1 in the same old way, establish files of forest resources.
Advantageous effect；
In masson pine forest land occupation condition, the age of stand identical location identical with pine nematodiasis wood cleaning Tending,
In September, 2017 has investigated transformation area (after after-culture 10 years) and check plot (only clearing up loose epidemic disease wood and measure of sealing a mountain pass) standing forest arborous layer
Unit intensity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height, hat width, accumulation and update Seedling density, the high index of tree.The result shows that the arbor in area is transformed
The index of layer trees is noticeably greater than check plot, and update step treelet index is also superior to check plot.Be transformed area's arborous layer in
The density of coniferous and deciduous tree species based on Schima superba, since its density masson pine substantially reduces after removing loose epidemic disease wood, per hectare standing forest
Mean DBH increment, tree are high and accumulation is respectively 13.9cm, 9.9cm and 132.1m3, 7.5% has been respectively increased than tradition operation,
43% and 21.5%；In area's update step is transformed, since constructed floating bed removes the raw devaluation species of sun, density is also reduced, but its
The broad-leaved treelet mean DBH increment based on Schima superba, the tree height retained reach 3.3cm and 3.9cm respectively, are improved than tradition operation
94% and 92%；The relative aboundance of Schima superba Seedlings has occupied update seedling first place, tradition up to 14.1% in area's herbaceous layer is transformed
It manages with Bermuda grass, ask based on the species such as spartina, Glochidion puberum, thorny elaeagnus.This illustrates that the technology of the present invention not only significantly promotes woods
Wood growth, and Schima superba has quickly become the main of the standing forest and has built group seeds.
Table 1 is that the effect of two kinds of business methods in degeneration pine forest compares；
1 two kinds of Contrast on effect for managing remodeling method of table
Note：Arborous layer and the strain tree that update step density is per hectare；It is spend in herbaceous layer more.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of quick broad-leafization alteration method of East Sea island degeneration pine forest, feature include the following steps：
Step 1 endangers the typicalness, fragility and characteristics of SSTA persistence of masson pine forest and black pine woods according to island pine nematode,
Comprehensive pine forest land occupation condition, marks off the two site type regions in hillside and ridge, further according to pine in the two regions first
The canopy density of the young middle forest of tree have marked off forest zone domain and sparse woods region；The judgement mark for having woods and sparse woods region of the Pine Forest Density
Standard is canopy density>0.4 is to have forest zone domain；Canopy density≤0.4 is sparse woods region；
Step 2, in the different zones divided in above-mentioned steps one, according to Potential vegetation and succession of community rule, in conjunction with forest
Operations objective determine that function builds group seeds；And sanitation felling, thinning for tending are implemented to pine forest, loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall, discount are removed comprehensively
Wood and decline wood；Outward transport is removed comprehensively to loose epidemic disease residuum；Filling, bamboo, rattan, grass are cleared up, its residuum is covered in woods, from
So rot；It avoids that broad-leaved treelet is caused to damage as possible when fostering and transporting；It prunes to the broad-leaved treelet of reservation, promotes master
The tip is grown；
Step 3, the sparse woods region divided in above-mentioned steps one site preparation after-culture by the way of blocky or bulk, is there is forest zone
Using broad-leaved evergreens seedling such as irregular stripelike manner site preparation after-culture Schima superbas；December cave is dug after the cleaning of degeneration pine forest is fostered
Site preparation cultivates cave specification 0.5m × 0.5m × 0.35m, and table soil fills out bottom, and cubsoil is upward, and blocky or bulk site preparation distance between rows and hills is 2.8m
× 2.6m, the distance between rows and hills of strip site preparation away from cultivating cave under the crown canopy outside plant 1.2m, according to retain pine plant amount number, row
Spacing in the rows is changeable, and distance between rows and hills is about 2.8m × 2.6m；After-culture is carried out in mid or late March, seedling strain uses local or neighbouring area
Cultivate grow directly from seeds, be healthy and strong, apical dominance is apparent, degree of lignification is high, 1 to the 2 year bare-root seeding or container seedling of no disease and pests harm；
Step 4, after-culture nursery stock foster, the late May after planting seedlings and early September, within the scope of 1.0m around planting nursery stock
Shrub, the weeds newly grown loosen the soil fostering, continuous 3 years；To being damaged treelet that is serious or giving money as a gift in the cleaning transport of loose epidemic disease wood
It is removed with all being repaiied at the pile from the high about 3cm of earth's surface, branch update is sprouted with profit；The measure of tending ot young growth is when planting height of seedling 2m, 2
The last ten-days period moon also excavate semicircle shallow ridges, deep 5cm, every plant is applied Russia after carrying out the clear grass of bushing around plant above plant
Chan A health composite fertilizer about 30g applies rear earth backing, continuous fertilization 3 years；
Step 5 carries out integrated management to standing forest, and loose epidemic disease wood, wind-fall, discount wood are persistently removed in arborous layer；Selection grow directly from seeds,
The excellent wood individual healthy and strong, vitality is strong, dry type is logical directly, satisfactory, without tree body damage is as alternative target tree；In update step and draft
In layer, using artificial after-culture at updated seedling is set, regulate and control the density of crop, it is more by seedling is updated under crown canopy in mid or late March
Nursery stock, now playing existing cultivation, after-culture reinforces seedling culture on vacant lot again；Prevent forest disease and pest and forest fires from occurring；It establishes gloomy
Woods monitor sample and files of forest resources；It is described to establish forest monitoring sample, sample projected area be 400m2, quantity 3, and
Set up control；The regulation and control density after-culture selection of seedling standard is height of seedling >=0.4m, it is healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, degree of lignification is high,
The strong seedling of vitality；The measure of the regulation and control density after-culture seedling is to try to transplantation with soil, and branch is carried out to the nursery stock after lifting
Leaf trim, dredge take 1/3 leaf, plant in the gap that later stage pine epidemic disease wood is removed ground, water after plant；And repeat the young growth of step 4
Tending adjusts the density of crop, it is made to be uniformly distributed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810455559.1A CN108566862B (en) | 2018-05-14 | 2018-05-14 | Rapid broadleaf transformation method for degraded pine forest of sea island in east China sea |
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| CN201810455559.1A CN108566862B (en) | 2018-05-14 | 2018-05-14 | Rapid broadleaf transformation method for degraded pine forest of sea island in east China sea |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328965A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-15 | 婺源县生态林场 | A kind of near-nature forest restores the method for forestation of artificial forest |
| CN110100631A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-08-09 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of degeneration black pine becomes the remodeling method of high-quality golden larch shelter-forest |
| CN111011098A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-04-17 | 中山大学 | Transformation method of eucalyptus islands forest |
| CN113661875A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 华东师范大学 | Ecological restoration method for pinewood nematode-induced pinewood |
| CN113785734A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-14 | 江西环境工程职业学院 | Method for constructing low-yield modified castanea mollissima tannin extract broad-leaf mixed forest |
| CN114568243A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-03 | 河北省木兰围场国有林场 | Management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with target tree as framework |
| CN115067139A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 宁波市鄞州甬绿生态茶业有限公司 | Method for building mixed forest of schima superba and sassafras tzumu in coastal hills of Zhejiang |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109328965A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-15 | 婺源县生态林场 | A kind of near-nature forest restores the method for forestation of artificial forest |
| CN109328965B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-06-01 | 婺源县生态林场 | Afforestation method for recovering artificial forest from near nature |
| CN110100631A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-08-09 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of degeneration black pine becomes the remodeling method of high-quality golden larch shelter-forest |
| CN110100631B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-08-20 | 华东师范大学 | Transformation method for changing degenerated Pinus thunbergii into high-quality Pinus parviflora protection forest |
| CN111011098A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-04-17 | 中山大学 | Transformation method of eucalyptus islands forest |
| CN113661875A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 华东师范大学 | Ecological restoration method for pinewood nematode-induced pinewood |
| CN113785734A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-14 | 江西环境工程职业学院 | Method for constructing low-yield modified castanea mollissima tannin extract broad-leaf mixed forest |
| CN114568243A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-03 | 河北省木兰围场国有林场 | Management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with target tree as framework |
| CN115067139A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 宁波市鄞州甬绿生态茶业有限公司 | Method for building mixed forest of schima superba and sassafras tzumu in coastal hills of Zhejiang |
| CN115067139B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-10-20 | 宁波市鄞州甬绿生态茶业有限公司 | Construction method of mixed forest of radix zanthoxyli and sassafras wood in coastal hills of Zhejiang |
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