CN115067139B - Construction method of mixed forest of radix zanthoxyli and sassafras wood in coastal hills of Zhejiang - Google Patents
Construction method of mixed forest of radix zanthoxyli and sassafras wood in coastal hills of Zhejiang Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a mixed forest, in particular to a method for constructing a mixed forest of sassafras, wherein the method comprises the steps of retaining a strong sassafras parent tree with good quality on a trace, and keeping 30-60 plants per hectare; planting 1 year old woody lotus with plant row spacing of 1.5-1.8mX1.8m; natural updated sassafras seedlings are maintained on the forest lands between the row spacing of the wood lotus plants outside the projection range of the crowns of the sassafras parent trees; through young forest tending and stand management, the target tree density per hectare reaches 105-135 plants of Mulotus and 60-75 plants of sassafras respectively. According to the invention, biological characteristics such as seed sources, time difference of tree growth and the like are provided by the sassafras parent tree, so that the sunshade of the sassafras with dense crowns is realized, and the sunburn of the sassafras sapling caused by direct light is avoided; meanwhile, the upper layer of the sassafras tree crown is sun-shading, a good growing internal environment is created for the lower layer of the tree lotus, the high competition of the tree is promoted, the natural pruning is accelerated, the two are mutually cooperated, and the growth and the quality of the forest are obviously promoted by interaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for constructing a mixed forest, in particular to a method for constructing a mixed forest of wood lotus and sassafras at the coastal hills of Zhejiang.
Background
The artificial forest has the characteristics of fast growth, short period, stable quality and the like, and is a main way of wood production in China, so that the artificial forest is popularized and applied in many places in China.
At present, most of artificial wood lotus forests cultivated in Zhejiang coastal hills are pure wood lotus forests or other tree species are planted in a strip-shaped interval mode, the forestation effect is poor, and the main reasons are as follows: firstly, neglecting the source of the mother tree of the excellent rural broad-leaved tree species on the harvest land, and often carrying out 'one-broom' operation, thereby losing the naturally updated high-quality source of the species; secondly, the planting mode is rough, the spacing planting is estimated by experience, the plant row spacing is too close, the mixed tree species are improperly selected, and the complementary effect of interaction cannot be achieved; thirdly, the forest land management technology is lagged, and besides young forests are nursed and light-transmitting cut in 3 years after forestation, the trees grow by themselves, particularly the water fertilizer management technology of soil is lacked, so that the situations of slow growth of the trees, poor forest stand quality, low economic yield and difficult land maintenance are caused.
Through the search of the prior art, CN111280014A discloses a method for transforming the artificial pure forest of the spruce with coarse branches into the multilayer mixed forest of the fir, CN105409713A discloses a method for constructing the mixed forest of the sweetgum and the tulip tree and CN111788981A discloses a method for constructing the mixed forest of the fir and the phoenix tree imitating nature. The construction method is to realize the hybrid forests with different management targets by manually planting the seedlings, the natural force of potential seed libraries on the forests cannot be fully utilized, the updating of the forests is promoted, and more importantly, the influence of the structural characteristics of crowns among the hybrid tree species on the growth of the forests is not deeply analyzed in the different technical methods. The density and the row spacing configuration are direct influencing factors of the crown layer structure of the saplings, the crown layer structure influences the distribution and utilization of light in the crown layer, and the good crown layer is beneficial to improving the utilization efficiency of the forest on the climate factors such as light, temperature and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method and technology for improving the growth and quality of artificial woody and lotus trees in coastal hills of Zhejiang by fully coordinating with artificial planted tree species by means of forest natural force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a method for constructing a mixed forest of wood lotus and sassafras by means of natural force of forests. The method is suitable for medium or above site types, and the accumulation of 20-year forest stand is 100-110m per hectare 3 。
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for constructing the mixed forest of the wood lotus and the sassafras in the coastal hills of Zhejiang, which is designed by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) Forest land selection: removing residues on the cut land in a small pile-shaped soil preparation mode, and firing the residues into a coked soil organic fertilizer; selecting 15-25 years of sassafras with large crown width, wherein the sassafras is healthy and healthy, the trunk is straight and full, and 30-60 plants are grown per hectare;
(2) The planting mode is as follows: 1 year-old wood lotus seedlings with strong planting and high lignification degree are planted in the cultivation holes by adopting plant row spacing of 1.5-1.8mx1.8m;
(3) The updating mode is as follows: the natural and updated live and robust sassafras seedlings are maintained on the forest land outside the projection area of the crowns of the wood lotus plants between the wood lotus plant spacing and the row spacing;
(4) And (5) stand management: weeding, fertilizing and tending the young forest continuously after planting; when the canopy density of the forest stand exceeds 0.75, carrying out light transmission defocusing; after tending, 2250-2700 plants and 500-600 plants of sassafras are used per hectare, and healthy dominant wood is selected, 180-225 plants and 75-90 plants are used per hectare; periodically checking the canopy closure degree, if the canopy closure degree exceeds 0.75, performing intermediate cut tending again in winter, reserving 950-1100 strains of nux vomica and 250-280 strains of sassafras per hectare, and selecting 105-135 strains of nux vomica and 60-75 strains of sassafras per hectare of the target tree; and covering 100kg of fresh grass and litter residue organic matters within the vertical projection range of the target tree crown for 2 months, and covering mud with the thickness of about 2-3cm.
In the step (1), the calcined clay is preferably calcined clay, wherein the weight ratio of the residual body of the dried branches and leaves to the fine clay is 5:1.
And (3) keeping natural updated sassafras seedlings between the plant spacing and the row spacing of the carya, wherein the periphery of each plant of the carya is preferably at most 1 plant of the sassafras, and the sassafras are irregularly distributed.
Continuously weeding the young forest after planting in the step (4) preferably for 5 months and 9 months each year, wherein weeds in the range of 0.5m around the young tree are respectively weeding for 1 time respectively, and continuously weeding for 3 years; and the dosage of the applied clay is about 1kg.
The light-transmitting cut-raising in the step (4) is preferably selected from cut-off, wind-pouring, dry standing, interference, weakened wood and plant diseases and insect pests.
In the step (4), the target tree is preferably selected to be a good individual which is solid, strong, straight and full in trunk, has better development crown, the crown length accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the height of the whole tree, the trunk has no thick branches, and no damage or disease.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
a small amount of sassafras balm seed are mixedly grown on the cut land of the artificial forest in the coastal hills of Zhejiang, and the strong and high-quality parent tree is selected as seed source for the maintenance, so that a potential seed stock can be provided for the offspring forest, and good natural updating conditions can be created. Therefore, after intensive research and a large number of experiments, the sassafras in the artificial wood lotus forest is found to have strong natural updating capability, high seedling rate and rapid growth, the wood lotus crowns are dense, the sassafras sapling can be shaded by utilizing the time difference of tree growth, the sapling trunk is prevented from being damaged by sunburn, and the sassafras grow rapidly along with the tree growth.
Therefore, the method for constructing the mixed forest of the sassafras wood utilizes the dense crowns of the rosewood lotus to shade the trunks of the sassafras wood, reduces the cluster branches and the scars, and promotes the quality of the trunk of the sassafras wood; meanwhile, the upper layer sassafras crowns are used for shielding part of direct light for the lower layer bole, so that a good forest growth internal environment is created, high growth of bole is promoted, two trees are mixed, a synergistic promotion effect can be achieved, mutually complementary effects are achieved, and growth and quality of the forest are effectively promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the wood lotus and sassafras can be mutually cooperated, and the effects of the quality and unit accumulation of the produced forest are far better than those of a single wood lotus tree species through the mixing and comparison.
(2) According to the invention, the in-situ reserved sassafras parent tree is selected, the seed quality is good, the vitality is strong, the survival rate is high, a large number of actual seedlings can be obtained, the mixing degree and stability of the stand are improved, the resources are fully utilized, and the production cost is reduced.
(3) According to the invention, the time difference between the artificial planted wood lotus and the natural updated sassafras sapling growth and the difference of the tree growth rate are utilized to avoid sunburn injury caused by direct light of the trunk of the sassafras sapling, and the dense tree crowns of the wood lotus provide sun shielding for the trunk of the sassafras as the sassafras grow rapidly, so that the cluster branches and the free branches are reduced, and the quality of the sassafras trunk is improved.
(4) The invention adopts the fertilizer under the crown of the target tree, can intensively cultivate the limited high-quality genetic resource individuals, has accurate cultivation technology, is simple and convenient to operate and is convenient for forest farmers to master.
(5) The invention adopts the organic matters such as fresh grass, fallen leaves and the like to cover on site, thereby not only improving the soil fertility, but also improving the soil environment and the soil quality, reducing the water and fertilizer loss and having strong pertinence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of the tree height and average chest annual growth, accumulated annual growth per hectare, and target/dominant wood plant number of woods in a region of wood-lotus/sassafras wood mixing and crossing in the examples (cultivation tubes for 20 years of continuous tending and target wood fertilization, fresh grass, and residual organic matter covering of fallen leaves) and single wood species of wood-lotus (conventional 3 years of continuous tending and light transmission and mountain sealing) operation.
Detailed Description
The following examples serve to illustrate the invention.
The implementation site is located in the south mountain of Tiantong forest farm in area of Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, the elevation is 200-320m, the slope is northeast, the slope is 15-20 degrees, the red soil is red, and the soil thickness is 70-90cm.
(1) Forest land selection: in 2001, small piled cleaning and stacking modes are adopted on land type traces such as fir, cedar artificial forest and the like, cut residues are comprehensively removed, residues such as tree branches, branches and leaves and the like are burned into a coked soil organic fertilizer which is used as a fertilizer, and the trace is selected to be reserved for growing, strong, trunk-passing, flat branches and large crown width of 20-25 years of sassafras parent trees, wherein 45 plants are grown per hectare;
(2) The planting mode is as follows: in 3 months of 2001, annual wood lotus seedlings with strong planting and high lignification degree are planted in the cultivation holes with the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 1.8m, and the specification of the cultivation holes is 0.5m multiplied by 0.3m;
(3) The updating mode is as follows: after 3 months of 2001, natural and updated live and robust sassafras seedlings are kept on the forest lands outside the projection area of the crowns of the tree at the plant spacing and the row spacing of the tree, and 555 plants are reserved per hectare;
(4) And (5) stand management: after planting, applying Jiao Nitu kg on each plant of the uphill of the seedlings, weeding weeds in the range of 0.5m around the artificially planted and updated seedlings for each time in 5 months and 9 months of the current year respectively, and continuously tending for 3 years; after the young forest is closed, the forest stand is subjected to light-transmitting cut-off tending in winter, and the withered, windward, bent, weakened wood and insect wood are removed, wherein each hectare of wood is respectively kept at 2250 plants and 500 plants; pruning is carried out on the young tree of the wood lotus, the crown of the young tree is kept to be about 1/2 of the height of the whole tree, and side shoots competing with main shoots are pruned to promote the growth of the trunk; selecting 180 dominant plants of the lotus and 75 plants of sassafras per hectare; in the growth stage of the stems, the woods are subjected to intermediate cutting tending again for 12 months, interference, withered and wind-poured woods are removed, so that the canopy density of the woods is kept at about 0.7, 965 plants and 250 plants of sassafras are reserved per hectare, and the target trees of the lotus and the sassafras are 120 plants and 60 plants respectively, so that the crowns of the woods are fully exposed; covering about 100kg of fresh grass and littering leaf residues per plant in the vertical projection area of the crown of the target tree in the last 2 months, and then covering mud with the thickness of 2-3cm.
And (3) keeping the number of the naturally updated sassafras seedlings between the plant spacing and the row spacing of the Mulotus plants to be at most 1 plant, wherein the sassafras seedlings are irregularly distributed.
The dominant wood in the step (4) is required to be a dominant individual with the advantages of being solid, strong, straight in trunk, full, high and long under branches and uniform in crowns.
The target tree in the step (4) is required to be strong and has a well developed crown, the length of the crown layer accounts for 1/3-1/2 of that of the whole tree, the trunk is round and straight, the branches have no crotch or thick branches, and the excellent individuals have no damage or disease.
The specific gravity of the shrub covered with the fresh grass and the fallen leaves in the vertical projection area of the crown in the step (4) is 2:1.
Contrast effect
In the land with the same standing condition, planting time and forest age, a mixed area (20 years of continuous tending after artificial planting of the wood lotus and natural updating of sassafras) and a control area (400 m of investigation sample area after 3 years of continuous tending and light transmission and mountain sealing measures are adopted) are established 2 And 800m 2 Investigation of 20 age stand treesDensity, average breast diameter, tree height, accumulation, and target or dominant wood number. The results show that: the density, average chest diameter, height and accumulation of trees per hectare in the intercross zone were 1198, 14.3cm, 11.3m and 107.4m, respectively 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control zones were 1200 strains, 13.4cm, 10m and 83.6m, respectively 3 The average breast diameter of the forest in the mixed area is improved by 6.7% compared with that in the control area, the height of the tree is improved by 13% compared with that in the control area, the accumulation amount of the mixed area per hectare is improved by 28.5% compared with that in the control area, and meanwhile, the number of target trees or dominant trees per hectare in the mixed area and the control area is 165 plants and 120 plants respectively. The technology of the invention not only obviously promotes the growth of the forest and improves the quality, but also has a plurality of healthy and healthy target trees, realizes the early forest management targets with health, stability and higher productivity, and has obvious construction effect.
Claims (3)
1. A method for constructing a mixed forest of Mulotus and sassafras in Zhejiang coastal hills is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Forest land selection: removing residues on the cut land in a small pile-shaped soil preparation mode, and firing the residues into a coked soil organic fertilizer; selecting 15-25 years of sassafras with large crown width, wherein the sassafras is healthy and healthy, the trunk is straight and full, and 30-60 plants are grown per hectare;
(2) The planting mode is as follows: 1 year-old wood lotus seedlings with strong planting and high lignification degree are planted in the cultivation holes by adopting plant row spacing of 1.5-1.8mx1.8m;
(3) The updating mode is as follows: the natural and updated live and robust sassafras seedlings are maintained on the forest land outside the projection area of the crowns of the wood lotus plants between the wood lotus plant spacing and the row spacing;
(4) And (5) stand management: weeding, fertilizing and tending the young forest continuously after planting; when the canopy density of the forest stand exceeds 0.75, carrying out light transmission defocusing; after tending, 2250-2700 plants and 500-600 plants of sassafras are planted in each hectare, pruning is carried out on young trees of the wood lotus, the crowns of the young trees account for about 1/2 of the height of the whole trees, lateral tips competing with main tips are pruned to promote trunk growth, and dominant woods with strong vigor are selected, wherein 180-225 plants and 75-90 plants of sassafras are planted in each hectare; periodically checking the canopy closure degree, if the canopy closure degree exceeds 0.75, performing intermediate cut tending again in winter, reserving 950-1100 strains of nux vomica and 250-280 strains of sassafras per hectare, and selecting 105-135 strains of nux vomica and 60-75 strains of sassafras per hectare of the target tree; covering 100kg of fresh grass, litters and organic matters in the vertical projection range of the target tree crown for 2 months, and covering mud with the thickness of 2-3cm;
wherein, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the dead branch and leaf residues to the fine soil is 5:1 to burn the coke soil; the light-transmitting cut-tending in the step (4) is selected from cut-off and wind-dispelling, withered and vertical, interference, weak wood and plant diseases and insect pests wood; in the step (4), the target tree is selected to be a good individual which is solid, strong, straight and full in trunk, has better development crown, and has the crown length of 1/3-1/2 of the height of the whole tree, the trunk has no thick branch and no damage or disease.
2. The method for constructing the mixed forest of the wood lotus and the sassafras of the coastal hills of Zhejiang according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) reserving natural updated sassafras seedlings between the plant spacing and the row spacing of the carya, wherein the periphery of each plant of the carya is selected to be at most 1 plant of sassafras, and the sassafras are irregularly distributed.
3. The method for constructing the mixed forest of the wood lotus and the sassafras of the coastal hills of Zhejiang according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: continuously weeding the young forest after planting in the step (4) for 1 time respectively for 3 years in the range of 0.5m around the young tree respectively for 5 months and 9 months each year; and each plant was dosed with 1kg of clay.
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