CN114175957A - Close planting and arbor afforestation method for camellia oleifera - Google Patents
Close planting and arbor afforestation method for camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN114175957A CN114175957A CN202111306397.3A CN202111306397A CN114175957A CN 114175957 A CN114175957 A CN 114175957A CN 202111306397 A CN202111306397 A CN 202111306397A CN 114175957 A CN114175957 A CN 114175957A
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- camellia oleifera
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Links
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Images
Classifications
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to a camellia oleifera close planting and arbor afforestation method, which comprises the steps of planting field treatment, cutting seedling cultivation, field planting afforestation, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, pest control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera close-planting and vigorous afforestation method.
Background
Tea-oil camellia, another name: tea tree, tea oil tree, and white flower tea; camellia oleifera is a general term for species with high oil content and certain cultivation value in seeds of Camellia in Theaceae, and can be used for eating, hair moistening, medicine blending, candle and soap preparation, and as a substitute for engine oil. The oil tea is a tree species with extremely strong pollution resistance, has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, and also has strong fluorine resistance and chlorine absorption capacity. Therefore, the scientific management of the oil tea forest has the ecological benefits of maintaining water and soil, conserving water sources and regulating climate. In addition, the camellia oleifera is also an excellent winter honey source plant, the flowering season is less in the positive value, the last ten days of 10 months to 12 months, and the honey is extremely rich.
The camellia oleifera is one of four woody edible oil tree species in the world, has a cultivation history of over 2300 years in China, and has very important functions in the aspects of forestry industry construction, ecological construction, edible plant oil safety guarantee, national health level improvement and the like in China. The camellia oleifera is a broad-leaved tree species which is evergreen in four seasons, flowers are white in winter and bloom in seasons, and flowers are scattered in mountains and all over the fields, so that the camellia oleifera has extremely high ornamental value. The tea-oil tree has strong adaptability and developed root system, and is an ideal tree species for maintaining water and soil and conserving water sources.
Due to the strong growth capacity of the camellia oleifera and the nutritive value and economic value of the camellia oleifera, the planting area of the camellia oleifera in China is gradually enlarged in recent years. However, the camellia oleifera cultivation technology in the prior art does not form standardized, large-scale and scientific planting, and meanwhile, because a grower is influenced by the traditional concept, the selection of good camellia oleifera seedlings and the management of pruning, fertilization, pest control and the like of camellia oleifera trees are not paid attention to, the tree body management is extensive, the structure is disordered, the light energy utilization rate is low, and the yield and the quality of tea oil are influenced.
In the open literature, the following are some methods for camellia oleifera cultivation:
1) the Chinese patent with the application number of 201810833413.6 discloses a planting method of oil tea, which comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, cutting and seedling hardening, transplanting and afforestation, fertilizer and water management, field management and the like. The planting method of the oil tea uses a large amount of organic fertilizers, maintains and improves soil fertility, adopts the biological insecticide without influencing the quality of the oil tea fruits, greatly improves the yield and the quality of the oil tea fruits, adopts a cutting planting technology, has short planting time, and increases the economic income of farmers.
2) The Chinese patent with the application number of 201811376352.1 discloses a method for planting camellia oleifera with increased yield, which achieves the purpose of increasing the yield by managing water and fertilizer and pruning branches and leaves to dwarf the branches and leaves.
3) The application number 201811304387.4 of the Chinese patent discloses a high-yield planting technology for camellia oleifera, and the method focuses on increasing the application of fertilizer during planting, fully considers that the requirements of camellia oleifera on the fertilizer at different periods are different, reasonably applies the fertilizer, ensures the full utilization of the fertilizer, prevents the condition that the camellia oleifera has few seeds, and realizes yield increase.
The methods dwarf the camellia oleifera through management such as pruning and the like so as to achieve the purpose of yield increase, but the dwarf camellia oleifera is difficult to realize close planting and is not suitable for mechanical operation, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed for management and harvesting. In addition, most of the camellia oleifera in the prior art only pay attention to yield benefits, but neglect the ecological benefits of 'water and soil conservation, water source conservation and climate regulation'.
The camellia oleifera belongs to small trees, and is not easy to form large forests like other high trees, so that the camellia oleifera is dwarfed for large yield in the cultivation process. In the prior art, oil tea and Hongsenhuai are planted in a mixed mode for afforestation, the method can well exert protection benefits, enhance the capability of resisting natural disasters and improve the site conditions. For example, in the chinese patent with application number 201510921618.6, a method for dwarfing, close planting and high yield afforestation of camellia oleifera is disclosed, which improves the survival rate of seeds to a certain extent and the quality of produced camellia oleifera, but needs to be improved in terms of yield and land utilization rate.
Aiming at the problems, the invention carries out close planting and vigorous afforestation on the camellia oleifera, can improve the land utilization rate, improve the yield of the camellia oleifera and shorten the fruiting period of the camellia oleifera and is convenient for mechanized operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a camellia oleifera close-planting and arbor afforestation method, which improves the yield of camellia oleifera, shortens the fruiting period of camellia oleifera, is convenient for mechanized operation, saves the production cost and improves the economic benefit of camellia oleifera planting by taking measures such as planting field treatment, cutting seedling cultivation, field planting afforestation, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, pest control and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for densely planting and arbor afforestation of camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a planting field: selecting a sloping field with good drainage, a slope of 5-25 degrees, sunny exposure and pH of 5.5-6.5 as a planting base, removing shrubs and weeds, uniformly spraying 5-10% acetamiprid wettable powder into soil, and naturally keeping for 2-4 months; then deeply ploughing and turning the land, and applying a base fertilizer as a base fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu;
(2) cultivating cutting seedlings: selecting upright camellia oleifera fine varieties with branch angles smaller than 30 degrees to cultivate cutting seedlings, cutting and cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings according to a large cup seedling cultivation method, and obtaining high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings after outplanting;
(3) planting and afforesting: planting in 12 months to 1 month of the next year, excavating planting pits according to the planting density suitable for mechanized operation, wherein the row spacing is 3.5-4.5 m, the plant spacing is 1.0-2.0 m, the depth of each planting pit is 24-28 cm, and the width of each planting pit is 23-25 cm; applying a base fertilizer into the planting pits before field planting, then placing the oil tea seedlings out of the garden in the step (2) into the planting pits, filling soil for field planting, and watering enough root fixing water;
(4) forest management: 7-10 days after field planting, checking and replenishing seedlings, weeding after 30-40 days of field planting, and watering once every 3-5 days; weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in the second field planting year, and intertillage weeding in 5-6 months and 8-9 months every year after the second field planting year; in addition, the method also comprises water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control;
management of water and fertilizer: watering in due time according to rainfall condition; applying fertilizer in annular ditch, digging 20-30 cm wide or semi-circular ditch on the outer edge of tree crown;
in 1-2 years after afforestation, applying urea in spring and applying soil and miscellaneous fertilizers in winter, wherein each plant is 10-20 g; after 3 years of forestation, intertillage is carried out 5-6 months per year, and then a special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is applied, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-25 g/plant, and a compound fertilizer is applied in 11-12 months, and the fertilizing amount is 10-15 g/plant;
shaping and trimming: pruning branches and leaves in winter or early spring, wrapping a layer of plastic film at the pruning port, and removing the plastic film after the wound of the branch is healed;
in the 1 st year after afforestation, the spring tips of the terminal buds are completely reserved, so that the spring tips quickly form an upright trunk, and buds are wiped when the lateral branches grow out; pinching the trunk in the 2 nd year to thicken the trunk;
cutting redundant branches and leaves and trimming and shaping the branches and leaves at 3 rd year after afforestation, selecting and reserving 3-4 main branches around a trunk, reserving 3-4 primary side branches for each main branch, reserving 2-3 strong branches as secondary side branches on each primary side branch, keeping each side branch at different heights as much as possible, and staggering space; in the pruning process, branches and leaves at the periphery of the trunk are preferentially pruned, so that the camellia oleifera keeps the trend of growing vertically and upwards to form a tower shape;
for old trees growing for more than 6 years, cutting off dense branches, cross branches, overlapped branches, weak branches and diseased and residual branches after picking fruits; performing bud wiping when buds grow out between the lateral branches and leaf axils of the branches, and only leaving 1-2 buds growing upwards;
thirdly, pest control: putting artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma into the camellia oleifera forest to trap and kill pests, and putting a pest killing device filled with a pest attractant every 20-30 m; and if the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 500-time mixture for 3-4 times.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of humic acid, 20-22 parts of cow and sheep manure, 18-20 parts of straw, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 25-30 parts of biogas residue and 10-15 parts of oil tea residue;
further, the cultivation method of the large cup seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: pruning old roots and weak roots of camellia oleifera cutting seedlings which are cultivated for 7-8 months, transplanting the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings into a large cup seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, watering sufficient root fixing water, placing the seedling raising bag on seedling raising ridges, placing two rows of seedling raising bags on each row of seedling raising ridges, forming one group of every two rows of seedling raising ridges, and spacing every two rows of seedling raising ridges in each group at intervals; placing a seedling raising bag in a high bedding manner, wherein water is easily accumulated in the seedling raising bag, burying a dry seedling bed at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, transplanting the seedling bed for 2 months, watering once every 5-10 days, keeping the water content of a seedling raising matrix to be more than 60%, and spraying a leaf fertilizer every 20-30 days; performing conventional daily management after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, wiping off lateral buds or lateral branches on the seedlings, which compete with terminal buds to grow, when pruning is performed in spring and summer, retracting the lateral branches which excessively grow to control the top end advantages, ensuring the nutrition balance of the seedlings, normally growing and forming a trunk; and (3) pruning the nursery stock in autumn, controlling the growth vigor of the upper part of the nursery stock matrix, reserving lateral branches as protective branches, and taking the nursery stock out of the nursery when the height of the nursery stock is 1.0-1.5 m and the ground diameter is 1.2-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the big cup seedling raising bag adopted by the invention is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the diameter of the bag opening is 12cm, and the height of the bag is 16 cm.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is: 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-10 parts of sodium nitrite, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 1-2 parts of naphthylacetic acid.
Further, the seedling substrate is as follows: 40-60 parts of yellow core soil, 40-60 parts of bagasse and 20-30 parts of humus; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials, adding EM (effective microorganisms) for pile fermentation, stirring and turning the pile-fermented materials once every 3-4 days, and retting the piles for 8-12 days to obtain seedling culture raw materials; drying, placing in a carbonization furnace for carbonization, firstly heating to 250-350 ℃ for pre-carbonization for 2-3 h, then adjusting the temperature to 440-480 ℃ for carbonization for 2-4 h, and obtaining a carbonized raw material, namely the seedling culture substrate.
Preferably, the upright camellia oleifera variety is one of the improved varieties of 'Yilu', 'Yidan' and 'Yi Juan' bred from the camellia oleifera.
Preferably, the planting density suitable for mechanized operation is one of 3.5m × 1.0m, 3.5m × 1.5m, 4.0m × 1.5m or 4.0m × 1.0 m.
Further, the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of oil tea residues, 20-40 parts of cattle and sheep excrement, 20-30 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of metarhizium anisopliae and 1-3 parts of trichoderma viride.
Further, the soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of yellow core soil, 15-20 parts of peat soil and 10-15 parts of plant ash.
Further, the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25-35 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 10-15 parts of humic acid.
Further, the pest attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of camphor leaf water extract, 10-20 parts of camellia oleifera leaf water extract and 2-5 parts of honeysuckle extract.
The varieties of the oil tea selected by the invention are introduced as follows:
the camellia oleifera is a new species of short pillar tea group of camellia genus of camellia in the department of camellia, discovered by camellia research team of Guangxi Ling academy of sciences in 2012, and has the excellent characteristics of rapid growth, strong germination, easy cultivation, strong resistance, high yield, excellent oil quality and the like. Is suitable for cultivation in high-temperature and high-heat areas in the south of China. The introduction test shows that the camellia oleifera has the characteristics of barren resistance, strong resistance, fast growth, early production, high yield and the like in the environment with sufficient illumination and heat, the tree shape is attractive, the flower fragrance is strong, the camellia oleifera can also be used as ornamental tree species, and the development prospect is very wide.
The raw materials used in the invention are introduced as follows:
acetamiprid: the pesticide is a novel broad-spectrum pesticide with certain acaricidal activity, belongs to a chloronicotinyl compound, acts on a nicotine acetylcholine receptor at a synaptic part of an insect nervous system, interferes the stimulation conduction of the insect nervous system, causes the obstruction of a nervous system path, causes the accumulation of neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the synaptic part, leads to the paralysis and the death of the insect, and can kill insect eggs. The acetamiprid has the advantages of small dosage, good quick effect, high activity, long lasting period, wide insecticidal spectrum and the like, and has special effect on pests with resistance to organophosphorus, carbamates and pyrethroids.
Oil tea residue: the residue of oil-tea camellia seed after oil extraction is called tea seed cake. Is rich in saponin, has good stomach toxicity and contact poisoning effects on pests, has no pollution and residual toxicity, is durable in storage and long in pesticide effect, and can effectively prevent and control underground pests by combining with fertilizers.
Plant ash: the ash generated after combustion of herbaceous and woody plants contains potassium carbonate as a main component, is rich in mineral elements, contains 6-12% of potassium and 1.5-3% of phosphorus, and also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace nutrient elements. The inorganic farmyard manure has wide source, low cost, complete nutrients and obvious fertilizer effect. In the afforestation field, can keep loose ventilative state, promote the nursery stock to grow robustly. The plant ash is matched with the organic fertilizer to be used as the base fertilizer, so that the effective nutrients of the base fertilizer and the nutrient soil can be increased, the growth of root systems is promoted, and the effect of reducing plant diseases and insect pests is achieved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the oil tea close planting and arbor planting method disclosed by the invention can keep water and soil, shortens the traditional oil tea planting production period, greatly improves the oil tea yield, improves the land utilization efficiency, is convenient for mechanical operation, greatly saves manpower and material resources, reduces the production input cost, improves the economic benefit of oil tea planting, and has a good promotion effect on high-quality development of the oil tea industry. In addition, the oil tea forest also has the ecological benefits of water and soil conservation, water source conservation and climate regulation, and has a very wide development prospect.
2. The invention selects good upright high-yield camellia oleifera varieties (Yilu, Yidan and Yijuan), maintains the apical dominance of the nursery stock by pruning and shaping measures, keeps the nursery stock in a straight state all the time, and reaches the fixed dry height as soon as possible, thereby effectively shortening the cultivation time for planting and enabling the nursery stock to be fixed dry for one year and fixed dry for two years. After the camellia oleifera seedlings are continuously trimmed in the afforestation process, the afforestation camellia oleifera forest can grow upwards, and high and stable yield is promoted on the premise that the camellia oleifera seedlings are sufficiently illuminated by combining reasonable planting density. Meanwhile, the preferred row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, the plant spacing is 1.0-1.5 m, and mechanized operations can be performed, such as operations of conventional management of the oil tea forest for mechanical land preparation, weeding, intertillage, fertilization, pruning, fruit picking and the like, particularly when the oil tea fruits are picked, the large spacing is convenient for pulling the net to pick the seeds, the labor force is greatly saved, the investment of manpower and material resources is reduced, and the planting cost is reduced.
3. The method effectively solves the problems that the camellia oleifera is difficult to afforest alone, close planting cannot be performed, and high yield cannot be achieved, shortens the fruiting period of the camellia oleifera, increases the income of farmers, and improves the economic benefit.
4. The method adopts the big cup seedling raising method, the distance of placing the big cup seedling raising bags is large, the mutual extrusion of seedlings can be reduced, sufficient sunlight can be obtained, the seedlings can grow fast, the seedling raising survival rate can be effectively improved, the quality of the oil tea seedlings out of the nursery is good, the seedlings grow strongly, the number of the seedlings can be as high as 1.5m, the ground diameter is more than 1.5cm, more than 12 branches are formed, and the survival rate of transplanting and afforestation after the seedlings are out of the nursery is as high as 98%.
5. The bagasse is added into the seedling culture substrate, contains a large amount of cellulose and lignin, is mixed with the yellow core soil and the fulvic acid, can solve the problems of strong viscosity and poor air permeability of the yellow core soil and the fulvic acid, has good water absorption and moisture retention effects, can avoid loss of nutrient substances, and provides good environmental conditions for growth of camellia oleifera plantation.
6. According to the invention, the seedling substrate is carbonized, so that the distribution conditions of ventilation, moisture and nutrient substances of the seedling substrate can be better adjusted, the nutrient requirement in the seedling process is met, the quality of the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings is improved, and the afforestation effect is improved.
7. The invention adopts the artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma to prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests, and uses the insecticidal equipment to assist, thereby avoiding the pollution to the environment caused by using chemical insecticide. The pest attractant used in the invention is a plant source attractant, and the adult trapping and killing method has the advantages of trace amount, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, long service cycle, difficulty in generating resistance and the like, can greatly reduce the usage amount of pesticides, reduce the damage rate of the camellia oleifera, is beneficial to green production of the camellia oleifera and improves the quality of the camellia oleifera.
8. The special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared according to the absorption characteristics of the oil tea to N, P, K, accords with the absorption of the oil tea to N, P, K, is scientific and reasonable in proportion and long in fertilizer efficiency period, is suitable for intertillage topdressing, is high in nutrient utilization rate, is safe and environment-friendly, and can improve the yield of the oil tea.
9. The special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is added with the metarhizium anisopliae, can be used for preventing and controlling pests such as scarab beetles, weevils, golden moths, butterfly larvae, stinkbugs, aphids and the like, can host insects by more than 200 species, is harmless to human and livestock, is safe to natural enemy insects, and does not pollute the environment; the addition of the Trichoderma viride can generate a plurality of bioactive substances with antagonistic action on plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and insects, can directly kill root-knot nematodes and underground pests at the roots of crops and in soil, can kill tophytic bacteria, can improve the stress resistance of the oil tea, cannot generate drug resistance, has no residual toxicity, has no adverse effect on the crops, and is a good soil conditioner.
10. The selected improved variety of the camellia oleifera (Yilu, Yidan and Zijuan) has the excellent characteristics of strong resistance, excellent oil quality, compact tree form and the like, and has the characteristics of quick growth, early production, high yield and the like in an environment with sufficient illumination and heat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the growth of the camellia oleifera forest of the present invention 2 months after forestation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the placement of the seedling raising bag of the present invention.
In fig. 2: 1-seedling raising bag, 2-seedling raising ridge, 3-channel crossing line, 4-interval interlacing and 5-tool line.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples:
example 1
A method for densely planting and arbor afforestation of camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a planting field: selecting a sloping field with good drainage, a slope of 15 degrees, sunward and a pH of 6.0 as a planting base, removing shrubs and weeds, uniformly spraying 10% acetamiprid wettable powder into soil, and naturally keeping for 4 months; then deeply ploughing and turning the land, and applying base fertilizer as base fertilizer according to 300 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 18 parts of straw, 18 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of biogas residue and 10 parts of oil tea residue.
(2) Cultivating cutting seedlings: selecting upright type camellia oleifera fine breed 'Yilu' with a branch angle less than 30 degrees, cultivating cutting seedlings, cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings by cutting according to a method for cultivating large cup seedlings, and obtaining high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings after outplanting;
the cultivation method of the large cup seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: after old roots and weak roots of camellia oleifera cutting seedlings cultivated to 8 months are trimmed, transplanting the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings into a large cup seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, watering sufficient root fixing water, placing the seedling raising bag on seedling raising ridges, placing two rows of seedling raising bags next to each other on each row of seedling raising ridges, forming one group of seedling raising ridges in every two rows, and spacing every two adjacent groups of seedling raising ridges with one tool line; the seedling bed easy to accumulate water is padded up to place the seedling raising bag, the drought seedling bed is deeply buried at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, water is poured once every 8 days within 2 months of transplantation, the water content of the seedling raising substrate is kept to be more than 60%, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed every 30 days; performing conventional daily management after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, wiping off lateral buds or lateral branches on the seedlings, which compete with terminal buds to grow, when pruning is performed in spring and summer, retracting the lateral branches which excessively grow to control the top end advantages, ensuring the nutrition balance of the seedlings, normally growing and forming a trunk; pruning the nursery stock in autumn, controlling the growth vigor of the upper part of the nursery stock matrix, reserving lateral branches as protective branches, and taking out the nursery stock when the nursery stock grows to 1.2m high and the ground diameter is 1.3 cm.
The big cup seedling raising bag is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the diameter of the bag opening is 12cm, and the bag height is 16 cm. The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of sodium nitrite, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate and 1.5 parts of naphthylacetic acid. The seedling substrate is as follows: 40 parts of yellow core soil, 40 parts of bagasse and 30 parts of humus; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials, adding EM (effective microorganisms) for pile fermentation, stirring and turning the pile-fermented materials once every 4 days, and retting the piles for 8 days to obtain seedling culture raw materials; drying, carbonizing in a carbonizing furnace, heating to 350 deg.C for 2 hr, regulating temperature to 480 deg.C for 3.5 hr, and getting the carbonized material as seedling culture medium.
(3) Planting and afforesting: planting in 12 months, excavating planting pits according to the planting density suitable for mechanized operation, wherein the row spacing is 3.5m, the plant spacing is 1.0m, and the depth and the width of each planting pit are 24cm and 25 cm; applying a base fertilizer into the planting pits before field planting, then placing the oil tea seedlings out of the garden in the step (2) into the planting pits, filling soil for field planting, and watering enough root fixing water;
(4) forest management: carrying out seedling checking and seedling supplementing after 8 days of field planting, carrying out weeding after 30 days of field planting, and watering once every 3-5 days; weeding and loosening soil for 1 time in the second field planting year, and intertillage weeding in 5 and 8 months of each year after the second field planting year; in addition, the method also comprises water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control;
management of water and fertilizer: watering in due time according to rainfall condition; the fertilization mode adopts annular furrow application, and circular or semicircular furrows with the width and the depth of 25cm are dug on the outer edge of the tree crown for application;
in 1-2 years after afforestation, applying urea in spring and applying soil and miscellaneous fertilizers in winter, wherein each plant is 10 g; after 3 years of forestation, applying special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera after intertillage in 5 months every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant, and applying compound fertilizer in 11-12 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 g/plant;
the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of oil tea residues, 30 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 25 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 1.5 parts of green muscardine fungi and 1.5 parts of green trichoderma. The soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of yellow core soil, 15 parts of peat soil and 10 parts of plant ash. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 10 parts of humic acid.
Shaping and trimming: pruning branches and leaves in winter or early spring, wrapping a layer of plastic film at the pruning port, and removing the plastic film after the wound of the branch is healed;
in the 1 st year after afforestation, the spring tips of the terminal buds are completely reserved, so that the spring tips quickly form an upright trunk, and buds are wiped when the lateral branches grow out; pinching the trunk in the 2 nd year to make the trunk become thick,
cutting redundant branches and leaves and trimming and shaping the branches and leaves at 3 rd year after afforestation, selecting and reserving 3-4 main branches around a trunk, reserving 3-4 primary side branches for each main branch, reserving 2-3 strong branches as secondary side branches on each primary side branch, keeping each side branch at different heights as much as possible, and staggering space; in the pruning process, branches and leaves at the periphery of the trunk are preferentially pruned, so that the camellia oleifera keeps the trend of growing vertically and upwards to form a tower shape;
for old trees growing for more than 6 years, cutting off dense branches, cross branches, overlapped branches, weak branches and diseased and residual branches after picking fruits; performing bud wiping when buds grow out between the lateral branches and leaf axils of the branches, and only leaving 1-2 buds growing upwards;
thirdly, pest control: putting artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma into the camellia oleifera forest to trap and kill pests, and putting a pest killing device filled with a pest attractant every 20 m; the pest attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of camphor leaf water extract, 15 parts of camellia oleifera leaf water extract and 2 parts of honeysuckle extract. And if the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture for 3-4 times.
Example 2
A method for densely planting and arbor afforestation of camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a planting field: selecting a sloping field with good drainage, a slope of 15 degrees, sunny exposure and pH of 6.0 as a planting base, removing shrubs and weeds, uniformly spraying 10% acetamiprid wettable powder into soil, and naturally keeping for 3 months; then deeply ploughing and turning the land, and applying base fertilizer as base fertilizer according to 300 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 20 parts of straw, 20 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of biogas residue and 12 parts of oil tea residue.
(2) Cultivating cutting seedlings: selecting an upright camellia oleifera fine variety Yidan with a branch angle of less than 30 degrees, cultivating cutting seedlings, cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings in a cutting way according to a large cup seedling cultivation method, and obtaining high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings after outplanting;
the cultivation method of the large cup seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: after old roots and weak roots of camellia oleifera cutting seedlings cultivated to 7 months are trimmed, transplanting the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings into a large-cup seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, watering root fixing water, placing the seedling raising bag on seedling raising ridges, placing two rows of seedling raising bags next to each other on each row of seedling raising ridges, forming one group of seedling raising ridges in every two rows, and forming an interval line between every two adjacent groups of seedling raising ridges; the seedling bed easy to accumulate water is padded up to place the seedling raising bag, the drought seedling bed is deeply buried at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, water is poured once every 7 days within 2 months of transplantation, the water content of the seedling raising substrate is kept to be more than 60%, and leaf fertilizer is sprayed every 25 days; performing conventional daily management after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, wiping off lateral buds or lateral branches on the seedlings, which compete with terminal buds to grow, when pruning is performed in spring and summer, retracting the lateral branches which excessively grow to control the top end advantages, ensuring the nutrition balance of the seedlings, normally growing and forming a trunk; pruning the nursery stock in autumn, controlling the growth vigor of the upper part of the nursery stock matrix, reserving lateral branches as protective branches, and taking the nursery stock out of the nursery when the height of the nursery stock is 1.5m and the ground diameter is 1.5 cm.
The big cup seedling raising bag is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the diameter of the bag opening is 12cm, and the bag height is 16 cm. The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of sodium nitrite, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid. The seedling substrate is as follows: 50 parts of yellow core soil, 50 parts of bagasse and 20 parts of humus; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials, adding EM (effective microorganisms) for pile fermentation, stirring and turning the pile-fermented materials once every 4 days, and retting the piles for 12 days to obtain seedling culture raw materials; drying, carbonizing in a carbonizing furnace, heating to 300 deg.C for 2.5 hr, and carbonizing at 460 deg.C for 3 hr to obtain the final product.
(3) Planting and afforesting: planting in 12 months, excavating planting pits according to the planting density suitable for mechanized operation, wherein the row spacing is 3.5m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, and the depth and width of each planting pit are 28cm and 25 cm; applying a base fertilizer into the planting pits before field planting, then placing the oil tea seedlings out of the garden in the step (2) into the planting pits, filling soil for field planting, and watering enough root fixing water;
(4) forest management: carrying out seedling checking and seedling supplementing after 10 days of field planting, weeding after 40 days of field planting, and watering once every 3-5 days; weeding and loosening soil for 1 time in the second planting year, and intertilling and weeding in 6 and 9 months of each year after the second planting year; in addition, the method also comprises water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control;
management of water and fertilizer: watering in due time according to rainfall condition; the fertilization mode adopts annular ditch application, and circular or semicircular ditches with the width and the depth of 30cm are dug at the outer edge of the tree crown for application;
in 1-2 years after afforestation, applying urea in spring and applying soil and miscellaneous fertilizers in winter, wherein each plant is 15 g; after 3 years of forestation, applying special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera after intertillage in 6 months every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 22 g/plant, and applying compound fertilizer in 12 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10 g/plant;
the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of oil tea residues, 30 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 25 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 2 parts of green muscardine fungi and 2 parts of green trichoderma. The soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of yellow core soil, 18 parts of peat soil and 15 parts of plant ash. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 8 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 30 parts of potash fertilizer, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate and 12 parts of humic acid.
Shaping and trimming: pruning branches and leaves in winter or early spring, wrapping a layer of plastic film at the pruning port, and removing the plastic film after the wound of the branch is healed;
in the 1 st year after afforestation, the spring tips of the terminal buds are completely reserved, so that the spring tips quickly form an upright trunk, and buds are wiped when the lateral branches grow out; pinching the trunk in the 2 nd year to make the trunk become thick,
cutting redundant branches and leaves and trimming and shaping the branches and leaves at 3 rd year after afforestation, selecting and reserving 3-4 main branches around a trunk, reserving 3-4 primary side branches for each main branch, reserving 2-3 strong branches as secondary side branches on each primary side branch, keeping each side branch at different heights as much as possible, and staggering space; in the pruning process, branches and leaves at the periphery of the trunk are preferentially pruned, so that the camellia oleifera keeps the trend of growing vertically and upwards to form a tower shape;
for old trees growing for more than 6 years, cutting off dense branches, cross branches, overlapped branches, weak branches and diseased and residual branches after picking fruits; performing bud wiping when buds grow out between the lateral branches and leaf axils of the branches, and only leaving 1-2 buds growing upwards;
thirdly, pest control: putting artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma into the camellia oleifera forest to trap and kill pests, and putting a pest killing device filled with a pest attractant every 20-30 m; the pest attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of camphor leaf water extract, 20 parts of camellia oleifera leaf water extract and 5 parts of honeysuckle extract. And if the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 3-4 times.
Example 3
A method for densely planting and arbor afforestation of camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a planting field: selecting a sloping field with good drainage, a slope of 15 degrees, sunward and a pH of 6.0 as a planting base, removing shrubs and weeds, uniformly spraying 5% acetamiprid wettable powder into soil, and naturally keeping for 2 months; then deeply ploughing and turning the land, and applying base fertilizer as base fertilizer according to 200 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 20 parts of straw, 15 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of biogas residue and 15 parts of oil tea residue.
(2) Cultivating cutting seedlings: selecting upright type camellia oleifera fine breed 'Zijuan' with a branching angle of less than 30 degrees, cultivating cutting seedlings, cutting and cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings according to a large cup seedling cultivation method, and obtaining high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings after outplanting;
the cultivation method of the large cup seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: after old roots and weak roots of camellia oleifera cutting seedlings cultivated to 7 months are trimmed, transplanting the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings into a large-cup seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, watering root fixing water, placing the seedling raising bag on seedling raising ridges, placing two rows of seedling raising bags next to each other on each row of seedling raising ridges, forming one group of seedling raising ridges in every two rows, and forming an interval line between every two adjacent groups of seedling raising ridges; placing a seedling raising bag in a high mattress position, deeply burying a dry seedling bed at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, transplanting for 2 months, watering once every 5-10 days, keeping the water content of a seedling raising matrix to be more than 60%, and spraying a leaf fertilizer every 20 days; performing conventional daily management after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, wiping off lateral buds or lateral branches on the seedlings, which compete with terminal buds to grow, when pruning is performed in spring and summer, retracting the lateral branches which excessively grow to control the top end advantages, ensuring the nutrition balance of the seedlings, normally growing and forming a trunk; pruning the nursery stock in autumn, controlling the growth vigor of the upper part of the nursery stock matrix, reserving lateral branches as protective branches, and taking out the nursery stock when the nursery stock grows to 1.0m high and the ground diameter is 1.2 cm.
The big cup seedling raising bag is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the diameter of the bag opening is 12cm, and the bag height is 16 cm. The foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of sodium nitrite, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2 parts of naphthylacetic acid. The seedling substrate is as follows: 60 parts of yellow core soil, 60 parts of bagasse and 25 parts of humus; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials, adding EM (effective microorganisms) for pile fermentation, stirring and turning the pile-fermented materials once every 3 days, and retting the piles for 10 days to obtain seedling culture raw materials; drying, carbonizing in a carbonizing furnace, heating to 250 deg.C for 2 hr, regulating temperature to 450 deg.C for 4 hr, and making into seedling culture medium.
(3) Planting and afforesting: planting in the next 1 month, excavating planting pits according to the planting density suitable for mechanized operation, wherein the row spacing is 4.0m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, and the depth and the width of each planting pit are 25cm and 23 cm; applying a base fertilizer into the planting pits before field planting, then placing the oil tea seedlings out of the garden in the step (2) into the planting pits, filling soil for field planting, and watering enough root fixing water;
(4) forest management: carrying out seedling checking and seedling supplementing after 7 days of field planting, carrying out weeding after 30 days of field planting, and watering once every 3-5 days; weeding and loosening soil for 1 time in the second planting year, and intertilling and weeding in 5 and 9 months of each year after the second planting year; in addition, the method also comprises water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control;
management of water and fertilizer: watering in due time according to rainfall condition; the fertilization mode adopts annular furrow application, and circular or semicircular furrows with the width and the depth of 20cm are dug on the outer edge of the tree crown for application;
in 1-2 years after afforestation, urea is applied in spring, and soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are applied in winter, wherein each plant is 20 g; after 3 years of forestation, applying special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera after intertillage in 5 months every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant, and applying compound fertilizer in 11 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 g/plant;
the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of oil tea residues, 40 parts of cattle and sheep manure, 30 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 25 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 3 parts of green muscardine fungi and 3 parts of green trichoderma. The soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of yellow core soil, 20 parts of peat soil and 15 parts of plant ash. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25 parts of potash fertilizer, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 10 parts of humic acid.
Shaping and trimming: pruning branches and leaves in winter or early spring, wrapping a layer of plastic film at the pruning port, and removing the plastic film after the wound of the branch is healed;
in the 1 st year after afforestation, the spring tips of the terminal buds are completely reserved, so that the spring tips quickly form an upright trunk, and buds are wiped when the lateral branches grow out; pinching the trunk in the 2 nd year to make the trunk become thick,
cutting redundant branches and leaves and trimming and shaping the branches and leaves at 3 rd year after afforestation, selecting and reserving 3-4 main branches around a trunk, reserving 3-4 primary side branches for each main branch, reserving 2-3 strong branches as secondary side branches on each primary side branch, keeping each side branch at different heights as much as possible, and staggering space; in the pruning process, branches and leaves at the periphery of the trunk are preferentially pruned, so that the camellia oleifera keeps the trend of growing vertically and upwards to form a tower shape;
for old trees growing for more than 6 years, cutting off dense branches, cross branches, overlapped branches, weak branches and diseased and residual branches after picking fruits; performing bud wiping when buds grow out between the lateral branches and leaf axils of the branches, and only leaving 1-2 buds growing upwards;
thirdly, pest control: putting artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma into the camellia oleifera forest to trap and kill pests, and putting a pest killing device filled with a pest attractant every 20-30 m; the pest attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of camphor leaf water extract, 10 parts of camellia oleifera leaf water extract and 4 parts of honeysuckle extract. And if the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture for 3-4 times.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the comparative example 1 adopts a conventional seedling raising method to raise seedlings, the afforestation planting density is 4.0 multiplied by 2.0m, the special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is replaced by the conventional decomposed farmyard manure, and other steps and management are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 2 is that the afforestation planting density of the comparative example 2 is 4.0 multiplied by 2.0m, the conventional dwarfing pruning mode is adopted, and other steps and management are the same as those of the example 2.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 3 is that the afforestation planting density of the comparative example 3 is 4.0 multiplied by 2.0m, the conventional dwarfing pruning mode is adopted, the special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is replaced by the conventional rotten farmyard manure, the wasps and the wasps are not put into the camellia oleifera forest, and other steps and management are the same as those of the example 3.
The statistical results of the planting situation and the fruit production situation for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in the following tables 1 to 2.
TABLE 1 planting and fruit production
TABLE 2 average fruit yield per plant
As can be seen from the table 1-2, the first fruit yield per mu of the three varieties of Yilu, Yidan and Zijuan after forestation in the 4 th year reaches 1264kg, 1036kg and 905kg respectively, and the fresh fruit yield per mu in the 5 th year reaches 1686kg, 1305kg and 1151kg respectively; in the comparative example, the fresh fruit yields per mu in the 4 th year were 508kg, 517kg and 499kg, respectively, and the fresh fruit yields per mu in the 5 th year were 725kg, 701kg and 676kg, respectively.
As can be seen from Table 1, when the planting density is selected to be 3.5 multiplied by 1.0m, the yield per mu is the highest and reaches 1686 kg/mu; as can be seen from Table 2, when the planting density is selected to be 3.5X 1.5m, the average yield per plant is the highest, and reaches 9.78kg per plant. Therefore, the invention can greatly improve the acre yield and effectively improve the economic benefit.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive faculty, based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for densely planting and arbor afforestation of tea-oil trees is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a planting field: selecting a sloping field with good drainage, a slope of 5-25 degrees, sunny exposure and pH of 5.5-6.5 as a planting base, removing shrubs and weeds, uniformly spraying 5-10% acetamiprid wettable powder into soil, and naturally keeping for 2-4 months; then deeply ploughing and turning the land, and applying a base fertilizer as a base fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu;
(2) cultivating cutting seedlings: selecting upright camellia oleifera fine varieties with branch angles smaller than 30 degrees to cultivate cutting seedlings, cutting and cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings according to a large cup seedling cultivation method, and obtaining high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings after outplanting;
(3) planting and afforesting: planting in 12 months to 1 month of the next year, excavating planting pits according to the planting density suitable for mechanized operation, wherein the row spacing is 3.5-4.5 m, the plant spacing is 1.0-2.0 m, the depth of each planting pit is 24-28 cm, and the width of each planting pit is 23-25 cm; applying a base fertilizer into the planting pits before field planting, then placing the oil tea seedlings out of the garden in the step (2) into the planting pits, filling soil for field planting, and watering enough root fixing water;
(4) forest management: 7-10 days after field planting, checking and replenishing seedlings, weeding after 30-40 days of field planting, and watering once every 3-5 days; weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in the second field planting year, and intertillage weeding in 5-6 months and 8-9 months every year after the second field planting year; in addition, the method also comprises water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning and pest control;
management of water and fertilizer: watering in due time according to rainfall condition; applying fertilizer in annular ditch, digging 20-30 cm wide or semi-circular ditch on the outer edge of tree crown;
in 1-2 years after afforestation, applying urea in spring and applying soil and miscellaneous fertilizers in winter, wherein each plant is 10-20 g; after 3 years of forestation, intertillage is carried out 5-6 months per year, and then a special organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is applied, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-25 g/plant, and a compound fertilizer is applied in 11-12 months, and the fertilizing amount is 10-15 g/plant;
shaping and trimming: pruning branches and leaves in winter or early spring, wrapping a layer of plastic film at the pruning port, and removing the plastic film after the wound of the branch is healed;
in the 1 st year after afforestation, the spring tips of the terminal buds are completely reserved, so that the spring tips quickly form an upright trunk, and buds are wiped when the lateral branches grow out; pinching the trunk in the 2 nd year to make the trunk become thick,
cutting redundant branches and leaves and trimming and shaping the branches and leaves at 3 rd year after afforestation, selecting and reserving 3-4 main branches around a trunk, reserving 3-4 primary side branches for each main branch, reserving 2-3 strong branches as secondary side branches on each primary side branch, keeping each side branch at different heights as much as possible, and staggering space; in the pruning process, branches and leaves at the periphery of the trunk are preferentially pruned, so that the camellia oleifera keeps the trend of growing vertically and upwards to form a tower shape;
for old trees growing for more than 6 years, cutting off dense branches, cross branches, overlapped branches, weak branches and diseased and residual branches after picking fruits; performing bud wiping when buds grow out between the lateral branches and leaf axils of the branches, and only leaving 1-2 buds growing upwards;
thirdly, pest control: putting artificially cultured wasps or trichogramma into the camellia oleifera forest to trap and kill pests, and putting a pest killing device filled with a pest attractant every 20-30 m; and if the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 500-time mixture for 3-4 times.
2. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of humic acid, 20-22 parts of cow and sheep manure, 18-20 parts of straw, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 25-30 parts of biogas residue and 10-15 parts of oil tea residue.
3. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation method of the large cup seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: pruning old roots and weak roots of camellia oleifera cutting seedlings which are cultivated for 7-8 months, transplanting the camellia oleifera cutting seedlings into a large cup seedling raising bag filled with a seedling raising matrix, watering sufficient root fixing water, placing the seedling raising bag on seedling raising ridges, placing two rows of seedling raising bags on each row of seedling raising ridges, forming one group of every two rows of seedling raising ridges, and spacing every two rows of seedling raising ridges in each group at intervals; placing a seedling raising bag in a high bedding manner, wherein water is easily accumulated in the seedling raising bag, burying a dry seedling bed at the bottom of the seedling raising bag, transplanting the seedling bed for 2 months, watering once every 5-10 days, keeping the water content of a seedling raising matrix to be more than 60%, and spraying a leaf fertilizer every 20-30 days; performing conventional daily management after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, wiping off lateral buds or lateral branches on the seedlings, which compete with terminal buds to grow, when pruning is performed in spring and summer, retracting the lateral branches which excessively grow to control the top end advantages, ensuring the nutrition balance of the seedlings, normally growing and forming a trunk; and (3) pruning the nursery stock in autumn, controlling the growth vigor of the upper part of the nursery stock matrix, reserving lateral branches as protective branches, and taking the nursery stock out of the nursery when the height of the nursery stock is 1.0-1.5 m and the ground diameter is 1.2-1.5 cm.
4. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the seedling substrate is as follows: 40-60 parts of yellow core soil, 40-60 parts of bagasse and 20-30 parts of humus; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials, adding EM (effective microorganisms) for pile fermentation, stirring and turning the pile-fermented materials once every 3-4 days, and retting the piles for 8-12 days to obtain seedling culture raw materials; drying, placing in a carbonization furnace for carbonization, firstly heating to 250-350 ℃ for pre-carbonization for 2-3 h, then adjusting the temperature to 440-480 ℃ for carbonization for 2-4 h to obtain a carbonized raw material, namely a seedling culture substrate; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5-10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-10 parts of sodium nitrite, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 1-2 parts of naphthylacetic acid.
5. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upright camellia oleifera variety is one of the improved varieties of Yilu, Yidan and Yijuan bred from the camellia oleifera.
6. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting density suitable for mechanized operation is one of 3.5m multiplied by 1.0m, 3.5m multiplied by 1.5m, 4.0m multiplied by 1.5m or 4.0m multiplied by 1.0 m.
7. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special organic fertilizer for the oil tea is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of oil tea residues, 20-40 parts of cattle and sheep excrement, 20-30 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 15-25 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of metarhizium anisopliae and 1-3 parts of trichoderma viride.
8. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil miscellaneous fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of yellow core soil, 15-20 parts of peat soil and 10-15 parts of plant ash.
9. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 25-35 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate and 10-15 parts of humic acid.
10. The camellia oleifera close-planting georgerization forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pest attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of camphor leaf water extract, 10-20 parts of camellia oleifera leaf water extract and 2-5 parts of honeysuckle extract.
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