CN109121932B - Planting method for alternately interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees - Google Patents
Planting method for alternately interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN109121932B CN109121932B CN201810588103.2A CN201810588103A CN109121932B CN 109121932 B CN109121932 B CN 109121932B CN 201810588103 A CN201810588103 A CN 201810588103A CN 109121932 B CN109121932 B CN 109121932B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a tea garden which is not planted with stropharia rugoso-annulata for more than two years; planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the current year of 10-11 months after sealing the garden in the tea garden, and planting bletilla striata after picking in the next 3-4 months; harvesting bletilla striata in the third year from 9 months to 10 months, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the same year from 10 months to 11 months, and so on. The stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata are planted in the tea forest in a three-dimensional mode, tea fungus and medicinal fungus are combined, and light energy resources are reasonably utilized. The tea trees create a shading and moisturizing ecological environment for the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata, the matrix of the stropharia rugoso-annulata provides base fertilizer for planting the bletilla striata, the fertilizer cost is saved, the effective utilization of the matrix is realized, the bletilla striata is only planted at the root of the tea trees, the picking of tea growers is not affected, the utilization rate of tea forest land is improved, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees.
Background
Tea trees are perennial evergreen woody plants, and are planted in mountainous areas to form tea gardens. After the age of the tea plant is over 2 years, the tea plant grows to be mature, and a large shady and cool area is formed among tea plant rows. The area is cool and moist, weeds are easy to breed, and the weeds can take the nutrients of the tea trees and need to weed additionally. Meanwhile, the tea trees are mainly cultivated by clear ploughing, and the tea quality is affected due to the fact that the organic fertilizer is few in source, excessive in chemical fertilizer application and single in variety, and water and soil loss and land fertility decline of the tea garden are easily caused. Meanwhile, only spring tea is usually picked in the tea garden, the tea is picked up in the late autumn, the picking period of the tea garden is from 11 months to 4 months of the next year, the tea garden is sealed and maintained, the tea field is left unused in the rest time, the land resources are wasted, and the land utilization rate is low.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata grows more and quickly from late 10 months to early 12 months and from 3 to 4 months. The stropharia rugoso-annulata is interplanted among the tea trees to form a three-dimensional cultivation structure, so that better economic benefit can be generated. After the stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted in 4 months, no other crops exist under tea trees, the garden land cannot be effectively utilized, insufficient nutrition of the land is easily caused when the stropharia rugoso-annulata is continuously planted, and the matrix can carry germs to influence the yield of the stropharia rugoso-annulata.
In conclusion, in a tea garden for planting tea trees singly, water and soil loss and land fertility decline of the tea garden are easily caused by planting for many years, the quality of tea leaves is affected, meanwhile, the tea garden is sealed and maintained for 11 months to 4 months of the next year every year, the tea garden is idle in the rest time, land resources are wasted, and the land utilization rate is low. The interplanting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the tea trees can improve the land utilization rate and increase the income, but the stropharia rugoso-annulata can only be planted in one crop in the same land, the continuous planting easily causes insufficient land nutrition, the matrix can carry germs to influence the yield of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the planting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata at intervals of two years is most suitable. After the large stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted in 4 months, no other crops exist under tea trees, the garden can not be effectively utilized, and certain limitations are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees, and solves the problem that in the prior art, the economic benefit is low when tea trees are planted separately or are interplanted with the stropharia rugoso-annulata.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) establishing a tea garden: selecting a tea garden which is not planted with stropharia rugoso-annulata for more than two years, wherein the height of a tea tree is 80cm-100cm, the row spacing is 90cm-120cm, and the clump spacing is 20cm-40 cm; pruning the top of the tea tree in 9-11 months every year;
b) interplanting of stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata: interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata under tea trees in the tea garden in the current year of 10-11 months, maintaining the stropharia rugoso-annulata conventionally, picking up the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the tea trees before unsealing the tea garden in the next year of 3-4 months, continuously planting and picking up the tea garden conventionally, and interplanting bletilla striata on the ground where the stropharia rugoso-annulata is originally planted under the tea trees in the next year of 10 months; harvesting bletilla striata in 9-10 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 10-11 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 1 year under tea trees, planting bletilla striata in 2-3 years, and repeating the above steps in an alternating interplanting mode;
the planting step of the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the step b) comprises the following steps:
groove surface finishing: taking tea tree as center, drawing out a ditch with a depth of 5-10cm from the humus soil at a position 40-50 cm wide;
spreading and sowing: spreading cultivation material 12-15 cm, placing the strain on the cultivation material with thumb size, and covering with 6-8 cm thick matrix;
covering with soil: covering humus soil with the depth of 3-5 cm, covering the fallen small tea branches on the surface, and performing surface sprinkling to keep the soil moisture at 50% -60%;
fruiting and picking: fruiting 45-50 days after planting, and picking every morning and evening in 18 days of fruiting peak period;
the planting step of the bletilla striata in the step b) comprises the following steps:
soil plowing: after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, ploughing over 20cm of soil, applying 2000 kilograms of decomposed stable manure or compost per mu of land, and turning the land into the soil to serve as a base fertilizer; before planting, shallow ploughing for 1 time, and then finely raking;
planting bletilla striata: selecting and domesticating tissue culture seedlings for more than 2 months, and making the plants complete and robust; two rows of boxes with the height of 25cm-35cm are respectively arranged on the inner ridge and the outer ridge which are 10cm away from the root of the tea tree, pits are dug according to the pit distance of 15cm-25cm, and the pit depth is 10cm-15 cm; planting 1 plant of domesticated seedlings in each pit, horizontally arranging the seedlings at the bottom of the pits, and planting adjacent bletilla striata in a staggered manner in a cross-shaped row at bud mouths on two sides of the seedlings; after planting, covering with fine fertilizer soil or burnt lime soil, pouring thin human and animal dung which is decomposed once, and covering with soil to be flush with the surface of the compartment.
Further, the tea garden in the step a) is established on a slope with the gradient less than 30 degrees, and deep ploughing reaches more than 70 cm; and when the gradient is larger than 15 degrees, constructing a horizontal terrace, wherein the width of the terrace is not less than 165 cm.
Further, the planting step of the bletilla striata in the step b) also comprises intertillage weeding and weed control treatment:
intertillage weeding is carried out for 4 times per year, and seedlings emerge for the first time in 3-4 months; the second time when the growth is vigorous in 6 months; the third time is 8-9 months; fourthly, combining the shallow hoeing carriage surface of the harvested intercropping crops to eradicate weeds; covering with 5-10cm decomposed rice chaff or hickory shell and pine needle after falling seedling in winter.
Further, the planting step of the bletilla striata in the step b) also comprises additional fertilizer, wherein the additional fertilizer is applied for 3-4 times per year:
after 3-4 months of seedling alignment for the first time, 4-5 kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per mu, and decomposed light liquid dung is added for application; in the second growth vigorous period of 5-6 months, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of land, and the compost after complete retting is mixed and is spread on the surface of the compartment; in the third time, 2500 kilograms of decomposed human and animal excreta mixed with 2000-.
The working mechanism is as follows: selecting a tea garden (tea trees, Taidi tea and the like) not planted with the stropharia rugoso-annulata for more than two years, preferably an ecological tea garden, wherein the crown of the tea trees in the tea garden is already spread to form a certain cool area at the bottom of the tea trees, the planted stropharia rugoso-annulata is positioned in the cool area at the bottom of the tea trees, and the soil at the bottom of the tea trees not planted with the stropharia rugoso-annulata is selected to be free of germs and microbial viruses, so that the growth of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is.
Interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata under tea trees in the tea garden in the current year of 10-11 months, maintaining the stropharia rugoso-annulata conventionally, picking up the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the tea trees before unsealing the tea garden in the next year of 3-4 months, continuously planting and picking up the tea garden conventionally, and interplanting bletilla striata on the ground where the stropharia rugoso-annulata is originally planted under the tea trees in the next year of 10 months; harvesting bletilla striata in 9-10 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 10-11 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 1 year under tea trees, planting bletilla striata in 2-3 years, and the like in an alternating interplanting mode.
The method provided by the invention alternately plants bletilla striata and stropharia rugoso-annulata, the growth cycle of bletilla striata is two years, the condition of secondary planting of stropharia rugoso-annulata is just met, the probability that the substrate carries stropharia rugoso-annulata germs and microbial viruses is reduced, economic crops are guaranteed to exist in the tea garden all the year round, and the land utilization rate is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the soil of tea trees planted singly for many years is relatively barren, the substrate of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the picked substrate can be used as fertilizers to act on the tea trees and the bletilla striata, the nutrient content of local soil is improved, the fertilizer cost in bletilla striata planting is reduced, and the yield of the tea is improved.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata are alternately planted under (in) the tea forest, tea fungus and medicinal fungus are combined, and light energy resources are reasonably utilized. The tea trees create a shading and moisturizing ecological environment for the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata, oxygen released by photosynthesis of green plants greatly meets the aerobic characteristics of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, carbon dioxide discharged by the stropharia rugoso-annulata enhances the photosynthesis of the tea trees, and the oxygen, the carbon dioxide and the bletilla striata have the complementation of nutrient substances and the virtuous cycle of gas exchange; the substrate of the stropharia rugoso-annulata provides base fertilizer for planting the bletilla striata, the fertilizer cost is saved, the effective utilization of the substrate is realized, the bletilla striata is only planted at the root of the tea tree, the picking of tea farmers is not influenced, the utilization rate of tea forest land is improved, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata under tea tree.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of bletilla striata planted under tea tree.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees comprises the following steps:
(1) establishment of tea garden
Selecting a tea garden in which stropharia rugoso-annulata is not planted for more than two years, preferably an ecological tea garden, wherein the height of tea trees is 80-100 cm, the row spacing is 90-120cm, and the clump spacing is 20-40 cm. The tea garden needs to be in accordance with local conditions and reasonable layout, and generally red soil and yellow soil which are convenient to traffic, mild in terrain, sufficient in sunlight, deep in soil layer, fertile, moist, capable of discharging energy and filling and integrated are selected as main materials. After the tea garden is determined, a principle of water and soil conservation is needed during reclamation planting, a horizontal terrace is built on a slope with the width of more than 15 degrees, the terrace is not less than 165cm in width, and a steep slope with the gradient of more than 30 degrees is not suitable for being used as the tea garden, so that serious water and soil loss and poor growth and yield reduction of tea trees are avoided. The tea garden, whether flat ground or terrace, should be deeply ploughed to more than 70 cm.
The loosening of the soil between the tea tree rows can prevent the water in the surface soil from evaporating, so that the water is infiltrated into the soil, the soil gap is increased, and the water and soil loss is reduced. Generally, the method is carried out once in spring, summer and autumn every year, the depth is preferably 7 cm-10cm, shallow ploughing is preferably carried out before the tea garden is closed, and fertilization is carried out after the tea garden is closed.
During the growth period of tea trees and the processes of multiple pruning and branch and leaf picking, a large amount of nutrients need to be absorbed from soil, so that fertilizer supplement must be carried out on tea gardens to obtain stable and high yield. The fertilizing amount is determined according to the tree vigor, the leaf collecting amount and the soil condition of the tree age. The young tea trees are mainly subjected to water fertilizer application in spring and summer in combination with drought resistance, and base fertilizer is applied in autumn. The fertilization method is preferably hole application or furrow application. The fertilizer for tea tree should be nitrogen fertilizer as main material, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as secondary materials, and the fertilizer is applied in the amount of 2.0-2.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5-0.7 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-0.8 kg of potassium fertilizer per 50kg of fresh tea. The base fertilizer is carried out in autumn in combination with intertillage, and the fertilizer is preferably applied to the leaf surface in the growth activity period of the tea trees within 2-9 months. The top dressing is a multi-purpose quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.
Pruning is an important measure in order to enhance tree vigor, obtain high and stable yield and prolong the economic age of tea trees. The shaping pruning can inhibit the apical dominance of the tea seedling to promote the lateral branch and axillary bud germination, increase effective branches, enlarge crown and culture strong bone branch. The pruning period is generally that overground growth is relatively stopped, and the root growth is preferably performed in a vigorous period, so the top end of the tea tree is pruned in 9-11 months every year.
(2) Interplanting of stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata
Planting stropharia rugoso-annulata: planting in the current year after the tea garden is stopped, wherein the tea garden is planted in the current year for 10-11 months, and picking is carried out in the next year for 3-4 months, and the planting comprises the following steps:
groove surface finishing: taking tea tree as center, drawing out a ditch with a depth of 5-10cm from the humus soil at a position 40-50 cm wide;
spreading and sowing: after the cultivation material is laid by 12cm-15cm, the strain is divided into thumb size and placed on the cultivation material, and a substrate with thickness of 6cm-8cm is covered.
Covering with soil: covering humus soil with the depth of 3-5 cm, covering the fallen small tea branches on the surface, and performing surface sprinkling to keep the soil moisture at 50% -60%.
Fruiting and picking: fruiting 45-50 days after planting, and harvesting respectively in the morning and at the evening in the peak period of fruiting 18 days every month.
Planting bletilla striata: planting is started from 3 months to 4 months after the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the second year finishes producing, harvesting is carried out from 9 months to 10 months in the third year, and the planting comprises the following steps:
soil plowing: after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, the soil is ploughed for more than 20 centimeters, decomposed stable manure or compost of 1500-fold sand of 2000 kilograms is applied to each mu of land, and the land is ploughed into the soil to serve as base fertilizer. Before planting, shallow ploughing for 1 time, and then finely raking.
Planting bletilla striata: selecting and domesticating the embryo seedlings for more than 2 months, and the plants are complete and robust. Two rows of boxes with the height of 25cm-35cm are respectively arranged on the inner ridge and the outer ridge which are 10cm away from the root of the tea tree, pits are dug according to the pit distance of 15cm-25cm, the pit depth is 10cm-15cm, and the pit bottom is flat. Planting 1 plant of domesticated seedling in each pit, horizontally arranging the pits at the bottom, and planting adjacent bletilla striata with bud mouths at two sides in a staggered manner in a cross-shaped row. After planting, covering with fine fertilizer soil or burnt lime soil, pouring thin human and animal dung which is decomposed once, and covering with soil to be flush with the surface of the compartment.
Field management:
1) intertillage weeding and weed control treatment
Intertillage and weeding are generally carried out 4 times per year. After 3-4 months of seedling emergence for the first time; the second time is 6 months old, so that the weeds grow fast, the seedlings of the bletilla striata are short and small, the weeds are required to be generated completely in time, and the weeds are prevented from being wasted; the third time is 8-9 months; and fourthly, combining the shallow hoeing carriage surface of the harvested intercropped crops to eradicate weeds. In each cultivation, shallow hoeing is needed to avoid injuring the bud and the root. The rice husks or pecan shells and pine needles can be covered by 5-10cm after the seedlings are poured in winter, so that the rice husks or the pecan shells and the pine needles can preserve heat and moisture and play a role in weed control in the next year.
2) Moisture management
Bletilla striata prefers a yin-wet environment, the cultivation land needs to be kept wet frequently, and watering is carried out in time when the weather is dry. And when the drought occurs in 7-9 months, water is poured once in the morning and at the evening. Bletilla striata is afraid of waterlogging, and redundant accumulated water is timely drained in a ditch to be discharged in rainy seasons or after heavy rain each time, so that root rot is avoided.
3) Topdressing
Bletilla striata is favored to be fertilized, intertillage weeding is combined, and topdressing is carried out for 3-4 times every year. After 3-4 months of seedling alignment for the first time, 4-5 kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per mu, and decomposed light liquid dung is added for application; in the second growth vigorous period of 5-6 months, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of land, the compost after full retting is mixed and is spread on the surface of the compartment, and intertillage is mixed into soil; in the third time, 2500 kilograms of decomposed human and animal excreta mixed with 2000-.
Harvesting: when the stem and leaf are yellow and withered in the fourth year of 9-10 months, the bletilla striata is collected. When digging, firstly, removing residual stems and dead leaves on the ground, using a hoe to spade the lower surface of the tuber, digging up the tuber together with soil, shaking off the soil, and picking off the fibrous roots individually without picking off the fibrous roots. And planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the same year in 10-11 months after harvesting the bletilla striata, and so on.
A tea garden without stropharia rugoso-annulata planted in the terrace is selected for more than two years, the tea garden is preferably an ecological tea garden, the crown of tea trees in the tea garden grows, a certain cool area is formed at the bottom of the tea trees preliminarily, and the soil without stropharia rugoso-annulata planted in the tea garden does not have germs, so that the planting of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is facilitated.
Planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the current year of 10-11 months after sealing the garden in the tea garden, and planting bletilla striata after picking in the next 3-4 months; harvesting bletilla striata in the third year from 9 months to 10 months, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in the same year from 10 months to 11 months, and so on. Economic crops can be guaranteed to exist in the tea garden all the year round, and the land utilization rate is effectively improved. The bletilla striata and the stropharia rugoso-annulata are alternately planted, so that the probability that the matrix carries the stropharia rugoso-annulata germs is reduced.
Meanwhile, the soil of tea trees planted singly for many years is relatively barren, the substrate of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the picked substrate can be used as fertilizers to act on the tea trees and the bletilla striata, the nutrient content of the soil is improved, the fertilizer cost in bletilla striata planting is reduced, and the yield of the tea is improved.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata are planted in the tea forest in a three-dimensional mode, tea fungus and medicinal fungus are combined, and light energy resources are reasonably utilized. The tea trees create a shading and moisturizing ecological environment for the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata, oxygen released by photosynthesis of green plants greatly meets the aerobic characteristics of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, carbon dioxide discharged by the stropharia rugoso-annulata enhances the photosynthesis of the tea trees, and the oxygen, the carbon dioxide and the bletilla striata have the complementation of nutrient substances and the virtuous cycle of gas exchange; the substrate of the stropharia rugoso-annulata provides base fertilizer for planting the bletilla striata, the fertilizer cost is saved, the effective utilization of the substrate is realized, the bletilla striata is only planted at the root of the tea tree, the picking of tea farmers is not influenced, the utilization rate of tea forest land is improved, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are obvious.
Statistics show that the annual income per mu of a single planted tea is generally between 2000 and 3000 yuan. The stropharia rugoso-annulata is interplanted below the tea tree, the investment cost is 4000 yuan per mu, the yield is 3000-. The input cost of bletilla striata per mu is 20000 yuan, the yield per mu is 1000-.
Meanwhile, under the planting method of interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees, the annual picking period of the tea is advanced by 15-20 days, and the yield of the tea is doubled by 1.5-2 times. The nutrient content and disease resistance of the soil are improved, no pesticide is applied within three years, the fertilizing amount is suddenly reduced, and the organic ecological tea garden is naturally formed.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) establishing a tea garden: selecting a tea garden which is not planted with stropharia rugoso-annulata for more than two years, wherein the height of a tea tree is 80cm-100cm, the row spacing is 90cm-120cm, and the clump spacing is 20cm-40 cm; pruning the top of the tea tree in 9-11 months every year;
b) interplanting of stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata: interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata under tea trees in the tea garden in the current year of 10-11 months, maintaining the stropharia rugoso-annulata conventionally, picking up the stropharia rugoso-annulata under the tea trees before unsealing the tea garden in the next year of 3-4 months, continuously planting and picking up the tea garden conventionally, and interplanting bletilla striata on the ground where the stropharia rugoso-annulata is originally planted under the tea trees in the next year of 10 months; harvesting bletilla striata in 9-10 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 10-11 months of the third year, planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in 1 year under tea trees, planting bletilla striata in 2-3 years, and repeating the above steps in an alternating interplanting mode;
the planting step of the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the step b) comprises the following steps:
groove surface finishing: taking tea tree as center, drawing out a ditch with a depth of 5-10cm from the humus soil at a position 40-50 cm wide;
spreading and sowing: spreading cultivation material 12-15 cm, placing the strain on the cultivation material with thumb size, and covering with 6-8 cm thick matrix;
covering with soil: covering humus soil with the depth of 3-5 cm, covering the fallen small tea branches on the surface, and performing surface sprinkling to keep the soil moisture at 50% -60%;
fruiting and picking: fruiting 45-50 days after planting, and picking every morning and evening in 18 days of fruiting peak period;
the planting step of the bletilla striata in the step b) comprises the following steps:
soil plowing: after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, ploughing over 20cm of soil, applying 2000 kilograms of decomposed stable manure or compost per mu of land, and turning the land into the soil to serve as a base fertilizer; before planting, shallow ploughing for 1 time, and then finely raking;
planting bletilla striata: selecting and domesticating tissue culture seedlings for more than 2 months, and making the plants complete and robust; two rows of boxes with the height of 25cm-35cm are respectively arranged on the inner ridge and the outer ridge which are 10cm away from the root of the tea tree, pits are dug according to the pit distance of 15cm-25cm, and the pit depth is 10cm-15 cm; planting 1 plant of domesticated seedlings in each pit, horizontally arranging the seedlings at the bottom of the pits, and planting adjacent bletilla striata in a staggered manner in a cross-shaped row at bud mouths on two sides of the seedlings; after planting, covering with fine fertilizer soil or burnt lime soil, pouring thin human and animal dung which is decomposed once, and covering with soil to be flush with the surface of the compartment.
2. The planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees according to claim 1, wherein: the tea garden in the step a) is established on a slope with the gradient less than 30 degrees, and deep ploughing reaches more than 70 cm; and when the gradient is larger than 15 degrees, constructing a horizontal terrace, wherein the width of the terrace is not less than 165 cm.
3. The planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees according to claim 1, wherein: the planting step of the bletilla in the step b) further comprises intertillage weeding and weed control treatment:
intertillage weeding is carried out for 4 times per year, and seedlings emerge for the first time in 3-4 months; the second time when the growth is vigorous in 6 months; the third time is 8-9 months; fourthly, combining the shallow hoeing carriage surface of the harvested intercropping crops to eradicate weeds; covering with 5-10cm decomposed rice chaff or hickory shell and pine needle after falling seedling in winter.
4. The planting method for interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata alternately under tea trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the planting step of the bletilla striata in the step b) further comprises additional fertilizer, wherein the additional fertilizer is applied for 3-4 times per year:
after 3-4 months of seedling alignment for the first time, 4-5 kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per mu, and decomposed light liquid dung is added for application; in the second growth vigorous period of 5-6 months, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each mu of land, and the compost after complete retting is mixed and is spread on the surface of the compartment; in the third time, 2500 kilograms of decomposed human and animal excreta mixed with 2000-.
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| 宁洱茶园树下种蘑菇土地发挥更大效益;张扬;《云南经济日报》;20161212;全文 * |
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