CN106688542B - Fertilizing and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping - Google Patents
Fertilizing and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping, which comprises the following steps: 1) after the late rice is harvested, no-tillage and rape transplanting are carried out, the late rice straw is covered and returned to the row space of the transplanted rape, and a hole application method is adopted to apply base fertilizer; 2) cutting rape straws into small pieces or crushing the rape straws, returning the chopped rape straws to the field, turning over the rape straws, applying a base fertilizer, uniformly raking the rape straws, and transplanting the early rice seedlings on the same seedling lifting day; 3) ploughing when planting late rice, applying base fertilizer, uniformly raking, transplanting the late rice seedlings on the same lifting day, covering the early rice straws between rows and returning the early rice straws to the field, and treading to soak the straws in water. The invention realizes that the straws of the oil-rice triple-cropping crops are completely returned to the field, effectively utilizes the nutrients of the straws and composts the soil; rape season no-tillage transplanting and double-season rice tillage transplanting not only save power consumption to a certain extent, but also effectively solve the problem that the crop growth period is seriously influenced due to the close crop rotation time of triple cropping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil fertility improvement and light simplified cultivation, and particularly relates to a fertility improvement and light simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping.
Background
Oil-rice refers to a planting mode for continuously planting three-season crops of rape, early rice and late rice in the same field. In the double cropping rice triple cropping area in south, subtropical and tropical humid monsoon climates, provinces such as Hunan, Jiang, Guangdong, Gui, Qiong, Min, Zhejiang, Hubei and Wan, the hydrothermal and lukewarm resources are rich, and the double cropping rice triple cropping area is an important commercial grain and oil base in China. With the rapid advance of industrialization and urbanization, a large amount of rural labor force, particularly green and strong labor force, is transferred to non-agricultural industry. The method has the advantages that the total sowing area of the rice is greatly reduced due to the fact that large-area rice fields are abandoned or multi-cropping is changed into single cropping, the planting area of the rice in China is reduced by 13%, the total yield is reduced by 5.4%, and the total yield of the grains is reduced by 2% only in 1998-2006. However, under the conditions of continuous development of society, continuous increase of population, gradual increase of food demand and gradual reduction of cultivated land area, the development of multi-cropping planting becomes an important way for guaranteeing the planting area and food safety. However, because the seasonal contradiction among crops in the 'oil rice' system is prominent, the mechanization degree is low, the planting and harvesting of the rape are basically completed by manual operation, the mechanized rice transplanting technology of the rice is not effectively popularized, reasonable cultivation measures are lacked, the overall income of the three-cropping system is poor, and the enthusiasm of farmers for planting the 'oil rice' is severely restricted. Nowadays, the shortage of labor force is increasing, and the labor force price and various production costs are greatly increased, the production safety of rice and rape in China is ensured, the yield is prevented from seriously declining, and the cultivation and planting method is simplified more and more importantly.
On the other hand, in recent years, crop straws become a new source of pollution in rural areas. During summer harvest and autumn and winter every year, a large amount of straws are always burnt in the field, heavy smoke is generated, and the straw burning furnace not only becomes a bottleneck problem of rural environment protection, but also even becomes the top of the cause of compromising urban environment. The straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, and are a multipurpose renewable biological resource. A large number of researches show that humus can be formed by microbial conversion and compounding after straw is returned to the field, which is beneficial to the stabilization and improvement of soil organic matters; more pentose, hexose and polysaccharide are generated, so that water-stable aggregates are formed, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved; can properly reduce the using amount of the fertilizer and avoid ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer.
Therefore, the method for fertilizing and simplifying planting based on straw returning in the triple-cropping area of the 'oil rice and rice' has important practical significance for improving the multiple cropping index of the rice field, increasing the crop sowing area, improving the soil fertility, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers, protecting the ecological environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizing and light-simplifying planting method based on three-cropping system of oil-rice, which solves the problems of insufficient fertilizing of soil of the three-cropping system of oil-rice, tight crop rotation time, high labor intensity, low production benefit and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a fertility improvement and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping comprises the following steps:
1) no-tillage, transplanting and straw mulching returning in rape season
A. Seedling culture: 1 month before late rice is harvested, selecting any one rape variety of No. 5 Huashui, No. 10 Zhongshui, No. 12 Huayou miscellaneous, No. 14 Huayou miscellaneous, No. 22 Anhui oil and No. 7 Qin oil for seedling;
B. no-tillage transplanting: after late rice is harvested, rape is transplanted without tillage;
C. fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer by a hole application method to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer;
D. straw mulching and returning: after transplanting, covering and returning the late rice straws to the row space for transplanting the rape;
2) ploughing, transplanting and straw crushing returning in early rice season
A. Seedling raising: 1 month before the harvest of the rapes, selecting any one of early season rice varieties of Huozao 18, Shuangyou 287 and Shuangyou 42 to raise seedlings; spreading and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, soaking the dried seeds in 1 wt% of quicklime water for 1 day, or soaking and sterilizing the seeds in 200 times of 40 wt% of strong chlorine for 12 hours;
B. crushing the straws and returning the straws to the field: after the rape is harvested, cutting rape straws into 20-25cm, cutting or crushing the rape straws, and then spreading the crushed rape straws on the field surface;
C. land preparation and fertilization: ploughing mechanically or by animal power, completely turning rape straws under soil, then spreading base fertilizer, irrigating and raking uniformly;
D. transplanting: transplanting the early rice seedlings on the same seedling lifting day, transplanting 2.0-2.5 ten thousand holes per mu, and adopting wide-row narrow plants or wide-row narrow plants, wherein 2-3 rice seedlings are planted in each hole;
3) ploughing, transplanting and straw covering, pressing and returning to field in late rice season
A. Seedling raising: 1 month before harvesting early rice, selecting Fengyuan you 299 or Hubei No. 17 to sprout; spreading and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, soaking the dried seeds in 1 wt% of quicklime water for 1 day, or soaking and sterilizing the seeds in 200 times of diluent of 40 wt% of strong chlorine for 12 hours;
B. land preparation and fertilization: ploughing mechanically or by animal power, then spreading base fertilizer, irrigating and raking uniformly;
C. transplanting: transplanting the rice seedlings on the same day of seedling raising in late rice, transplanting 1.6-2.6 ten thousand holes per mu, and transplanting 4-5 basic seedlings in each hole by adopting wide-row narrow plants or wide-row narrow-row transplanting;
D. covering straws, pressing and returning to the field: after transplanting, the early rice straws are covered and returned to the row space of the transplanted late rice, and treading is carried out to soak the straws in water, so as to accelerate decomposition.
Preferably, the row spacing of the rape is 25 × 30cm or 20 × 33 cm.
Preferably, the early rice and late rice are wide and narrow plants with the size of 3 inches multiplied by 8 inches or 4 inches multiplied by 7 inches, or wide and narrow plants with the size of 8 inches multiplied by 4 inches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the straws of the three-cropping crops of the oil rice and the rice are returned to the field. Because of different crops and planting modes, the covering returning, crushing returning and covering pressing returning are respectively adopted, and the problem that the three-cropping straw returning is difficult is effectively solved. Not only avoids the problem of environmental pollution caused by burning the straws, but also effectively utilizes the nutrients of the straws to fertilize the soil. Compared with the conventional method for farmers, after the technology is adopted for 3 years, the soil soluble organic carbon, the light organic matter, the granular carbon, the microbial biomass carbon and the soil organic carbon are respectively increased by 16.4mg/kg, 0.25g/kg, 1.44g/kg, 24.7mg/kg and 1.3g/kg, and the increase rates are respectively 19.9%, 44.6%, 35.2%, 15.1% and 7.3%.
2. The planting method is simplified. Rape season no-tillage transplanting and double-season rice tillage transplanting not only save power consumption to a certain extent, but also effectively solve the problem that the crop growth period is seriously influenced due to the close crop rotation time of triple cropping. Realizes simple, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation. Compared with the conventional method for farmers, after the technology is adopted for 3 years continuously, the yield of the rape, the early rice and the late rice is increased by 16.5 kg/mu, 31.8 kg/mu and 34.2 kg/mu respectively on average each year, and the average annual increase is 14.8 percent, 8.3 percent and 7.9 percent respectively.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a fertility improvement and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping comprises the following steps:
first step, selection of field
Randomly selecting a field block which is convenient for drainage and irrigation and is used for planting late rice in the oil-rice triple-cropping area.
Second, no-tillage rape transplanting and covering and returning the late rice straw to the field
1) The late rice is harvested about 1 month before harvest, and field blocks with medium soil fertility, loose soil, smooth terrain, water source approaching and irrigation and drainage convenience are selected as seedbeds. The area ratio of the seedling field to the field is 1:6, the seeds are evenly sowed, and varieties with high plants, more branches, more siliques and moderate maturity stages are selected, such as the low and medium rape Huashui No. 5, the medium and double No. 10, the hybrid rape Zhonghua oil hybrid No. 12, Hua oil hybrid No. 14, Wan oil 22, Qin oil 7 and the like, and the sowing amount is 7.5 kg/ha.
2) No-tillage transplanting: after the late rice is harvested, the rape is transplanted without tillage. The row spacing of the plants is preferably 25X 30 or 20X 33cm, and three sides and four sides are needed to be transplanted, namely: the rows are planted straightly, the roots are planted positively, and the plants are planted stably; while lifting seedlings, transplanting and watering the root fixing water. Separately planting big and small seedlings, planting fresh seedlings, planting straight-rooted seedlings and planting tight-rooted seedlings.
3) Applying a base fertilizer: the hole application method is adopted to apply the base fertilizer so as to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. 2/3 basal application of the total dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer, wherein 18 kg of urea and 8kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu; and (3) applying the phosphate fertilizer and the boric fertilizer on the basis of the base, wherein 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5-1 kg of borax are applied per mu.
4) Straw mulching and returning: after transplanting, covering the late rice straws among the rows of the transplanted rape.
5) Topdressing: and (5) topdressing winter fertilizers 50 days after transplanting (before the first denier). 4 kilograms of urea and 2.5 kilograms of potassium chloride are applied to each mu; after beginning spring (after spring festival), topdressing the young sprout fertilizer; 4 kilograms of urea and 2.5 kilograms of potassium chloride are applied to each mu.
6) Controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the prevention and treatment time is determined according to the information of the diseases and the pests of local plant protection departments, and the sufficient water is used to improve the prevention and treatment effect.
7) Harvesting: after the rape flowers are finished for about 25-30 days, 2/3 siliques in the whole field are yellow green, and the rape is generally harvested in the middle ten days of the 5 month period.
Thirdly, the rape stalks are crushed and returned to the field, and the early season rice is ploughed and transplanted
1) Seedling raising: the rape is directly sown in dry land or raised in soft plastic plate in 1 month before being harvested, and the raised rape is raised in paddy field for water regulation and dry raising. Press 30m for dry land direct seeding2The seedling bed is used for planting 1 mu of field with enough proportion; the seedling raising with water or wet seedling raising is carried out according to 60m2The seedling bed is used for planting 1 mu of field with enough proportion; 45-48 soft plastic plates with 561 holes are adopted for seedling raising in each mu of land. The variety is selected from the main-promoted variety which has been approved, is suitable for local environmental conditions, has high quality and high yield, good stress resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, such as AoZao 18, Eryou 287, Eryou 42 and the like. And (3) tedding the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing so as to improve the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds. Soaking the sun-dried seeds in 1 wt% of quicklime water for 1 day, wherein the lime water is 10cm higher than the middle of the grain during seed soaking, or soaking and sterilizing the seeds for 12 hours by using 200 times of diluent of 40 wt% of strong chlorine.
2) Crushing rape straws and returning the crushed rape straws to the field: after the rape is harvested, cutting the straws into 20-25cm pieces by a guillotine, and scattering the cut pieces into the field surface; or crushing the straws by a straw returning machine and then spreading the crushed straws on the field surface.
3) Soil preparation and base fertilizer application: and ploughing by adopting mechanical or animal power. The rape straws are all turned over and pressed under the soil, the soil is covered tightly to promote decay and fermentation, then base fertilizer is spread, and irrigation and harrowing are carried out uniformly. 8-11 kg of urea, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate and 3.5-5 kg of potassium chloride are applied to each mu.
4) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings on the same day. 2.0-2.5 ten thousand holes are planted per mu, and 2-3 grain seedlings are planted in each hole by adopting wide-row narrow plants (preferably 3 inches multiplied by 8 inches or 4 inches multiplied by 7 inches) or wide-row narrow plants (preferably 8 inches multiplied by 4 inches and 4 inches multiplied by 4 inches).
5) Water content management: transplanting in shallow water (2cm), turning green in water (4cm), and tillering in shallow water (1.5 cm). And (5) drying the field when the number of the tillers reaches about 22 ten thousand seedlings. Deep mud feet, heavy soil texture and high fertility are heavily sunned in a field, and light sunning is carried out in a thin field and sandy loam with shallow mud feet. And (3) performing shallow water service irrigation after rehydration, keeping a thin water layer (2-3 cm) for booting, performing dry, wet and grouting after ear sprouting and flowering, and cutting off water 3-5 days before harvesting. And 5-7 cm deep water can be filled for cooling when meeting high temperature in the booting stage or heading grouting stage.
6) Topdressing: after the green turning, chemical weeding (15-30 g of benzyl ethyl or benzyl sulfuron methyl per mu) or artificial tillage weeding is carried out in time, and the tiller fertilizer is applied in a sunny day about 10 days after transplanting (3.5-8.5 kg of urea is applied per mu). The spike fertilizer can be applied by topdressing (3.5-10 kg urea is applied per mu) after the rehydration of the sun-dried field when the main stem begins to differentiate into spikes about 2. Whether the grain fertilizer is applied in the heading stage or not is considered according to the weather condition and the rice seedling condition. And in the high-yield year with good climatic conditions, the rice can be fertilized (1.5-3 kg of urea is fertilized per mu) under the conditions of no excessive growth vigor and light occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests so as to prevent premature senility and promote grouting. Otherwise, no additional fertilizer is applied to prevent the greedy late maturity and aggravate plant diseases and insect pests.
7) Intertillage weeding: after transplanting, combining with dressing tillering fertilizer, applying herbicide to prevent and kill weed, or artificial intertillage weeding.
8) And (3) pest control: the disease and pest control information is more required to be paid attention to, and the comprehensive control combining agricultural control, physical control, biological control and medicament control is adopted to carry out the comprehensive control in the conditional region.
9) Harvesting: and harvesting the paddy in a sunny way when the maturity of the paddy reaches 90 percent. And drying in the sun and winnowing in time after harvesting.
Fourthly, ploughing and transplanting late rice and covering early rice straws, pressing and returning the early rice straws to the field
1) Seedling raising: the early rice is harvested about 1 month before, dry seedling is directly sown in dry land or is raised in plastic soft board, and water seedling is raised in paddy field for water regulation and dry seedling. Press 40m for dry land direct seeding2The seedling bed is used for planting 1 mu of field with enough proportion. The water seedling raising or wet seedling raising is carried out according to the length of 70-80 m2The seedling bed is used for planting 1 mu of field with enough proportion. And 3, seedling raising is carried out by using plastic floppy disks, 50 soft disks with 434 holes are adopted for each mu of land, seedling raising is carried out by using the soft disks, the seedling age is not longer than 20 days, and late-maturing late rice is not suitable for seedling raising by using the plastic floppy disks. Selecting approved and suitable local environmentThe main variety has good quality and high yield, good stress resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, such as Fengyuan you 299, Huimei No. 17 and the like. And (3) tedding the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing so as to improve the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds. Soaking the sun-dried seeds in 1% (wt%) quicklime water for 1 day, wherein the lime water is 10cm higher than the middle of the grain during seed soaking, or soaking and sterilizing with 200 times of 40% strong chlorine solution for 12 hours.
2) Land preparation and fertilization: ploughing mechanically or by animal power, then spreading base fertilizer, irrigating and raking uniformly. Applying 9-11 kg of urea (or 25-30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate), 25-35 kg of calcium superphosphate and 4.2kg of potassium chloride per mu.
3) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings on the same day. 1.6-2.6 ten thousand holes are planted per mu, wide-row narrow plants (preferably 3 inch multiplied by 8 inch specification or 4 inch multiplied by 7 inch specification) or wide-row narrow plants (preferably 8 inch multiplied by 4 inch plus 4 inch multiplied by 4 inch specification) are transplanted, and 4-5 basic seedlings are planted in each hole.
4) Straw covering, pressure picking and returning to the field: after transplanting, the early rice straw is covered between the late rice rows. In order to prevent the late rice from floating and influencing the growth and development of the late rice, the late rice needs to be treaded to soak the straws in water so as to accelerate decomposition.
5) Water content management: transplanting in shallow water (2cm), turning green in water (4cm), and tillering in shallow water (1.5 cm). And (3) drying the field when the number of the tillers per mu reaches about 18 ten thousand seedlings, or drying the field by 15 days at the latest not more than 8 months. The fields with deep mud feet, heavy soil adhesion and high fertility are heavily sunned, and the thin fields with shallow mud feet and sandy loam are lightly sunned. And (3) performing shallow water service irrigation after rehydration, keeping a thin water layer (2-3 cm) for booting, performing dry, wet and grouting after ear sprouting and flowering, and cutting off water 3-5 days before harvesting. And 5-7 cm deep water can be filled for cooling when meeting high temperature in the booting stage or heading grouting stage.
6) Topdressing in a field: after the green turning, chemical weeding (15-30 g of benzyl ethyl or benzyl sulfuron methyl per mu) or artificial tillage weeding is carried out in time, and the additional tillering fertilizer is applied about 10 days after transplanting (5-9 kg of urea is applied per mu). The spike fertilizer can be applied after rehydration in a sunned field by observing the main stem at the beginning of spike differentiation period of about 2 (3.5-7.5 kg of urea and 5-6.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu). Whether the grain fertilizer is applied in the heading stage or not is considered according to the weather condition and the rice seedling condition. And in the high-yield year with good climatic conditions, the rice can be fertilized (1.5-3 kg of urea is fertilized per mu) under the conditions of no excessive growth vigor and light occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests so as to prevent premature senility and promote grouting. Otherwise, no additional fertilizer is applied to prevent the greedy late maturity and aggravate plant diseases and insect pests.
7) Intertillage weeding: after transplanting, combining with dressing tillering fertilizer, applying herbicide to prevent and kill weed, or artificial intertillage weeding.
8) And (3) pest control: the disease and pest control information is more required to be paid attention to, and the comprehensive control combining agricultural control, physical control, biological control and medicament control is adopted to carry out the comprehensive control in the conditional region.
9) Harvesting: and harvesting the paddy in a sunny way when the maturity of the paddy reaches 90 percent. And drying in the sun and winnowing in time after harvesting.
Example 2:
2013. plus 2015, in the big Jinzhenhong village of Wujing city, Hubei, tests of fertilization and simplified planting of three-cropping system of oil-rice were carried out, the rape is No. 12 Hua-you-za, the early rice is 18 Hubei-ao, and the late rice is Fengyuan you 299, according to the basic steps of the example 1, the specific test method in the embodiment is as follows:
no-tillage and transplanting (the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 30cm) in rape seasons, and hole-application of base fertilizer. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in whole growth period2O5) Potassium (K)2O) the fertilizer and the borax are respectively 14 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu, 10 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu; 60% of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base fertilizers, 20% of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as overyear fertilizers, and 20% of the overyear fertilizers are used as bolt fertilizers; phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer are used as base fertilizer for one-time application. The straws of the late rice are covered and returned to the row space for transplanting the rape.
The early rice is directly sowed in dry land for 2 days before sowing, and soaked in 1% calcium lime water for 1 day. After the rape is harvested, the straws are cut into 20-25cm pieces by a guillotine and then the cut pieces are scattered on the field surface. Ploughing and transplanting, namely transplanting wide-row narrow plants (3 inch multiplied by 8 inch in specification), and transplanting 2.2 ten thousand holes per mu; nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in whole growth period2O5) And potassium (K)2O) the fertilizer dosage is respectively 10 kg/mu, 4 kg/mu and 9 kg/mu; 50 percent of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 30 percent is used as a tillering fertilizer, and 20 percent is used as a spike fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer. And (5) weeding artificially in time after green turning.
Seedling raising of late rice is carried out by direct sowing in dry land and tedding 2 before sowingIt is soaked in 1% quicklime water for 1 day. Ploughing, transplanting wide-row narrow plants (3 inch multiplied by 8 inch specification), and transplanting 2.0 ten thousand holes per mu; nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in whole growth period2O5) And potassium (K)2O) the fertilizer dosage is respectively 10 kg/mu, 3 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu; 60 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a tillering fertilizer, and 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer; 20 percent of the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20 percent of the potash fertilizer is used as a tillering fertilizer, and 60 percent of the potash fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer. Artificial weeding is carried out in time after green turning;
the method for planting the oil-rice has obvious influence on the crop yield and soil organic matters. The continuous 3-year test results show that the yield of the rape is increased by 15.8%, 19.6% and 9.3% respectively based on the fertilization and simplified planting method of the three-cropping system of the oil-rice; the early rice yield is increased by 5.5 percent, 13.4 percent and 6.2 percent respectively; the yield of late rice is increased by 5.4%, 12.6% and 5.8% respectively.
TABLE 12013-year 2015-year oilseed rape, early rice and late rice yields (kg/mu)
The grouping result of soil organic matters after the late rice is harvested in 2015 shows that the soil dissolubility organic carbon is improved by 19.9%, the light group organic matters are improved by 44.6%, the granular carbon is improved by 35.2%, the microbial biomass carbon is improved by 15.1% and the soil organic carbon is improved by 7.3% based on the fertilizing and light-simplified planting method of the three cropping system of the oil-rice.
TABLE 22015 years oil-rice triple cropping harvested soil organic matter content
Claims (3)
1. A fertility improvement and simplified planting method based on oil-rice triple cropping comprises the following steps:
1) no-tillage, transplanting and straw mulching returning in rape season
A. Seedling culture: 1 month before late rice is harvested, selecting any one rape variety of No. 5 Huashui, No. 10 Zhongshui, No. 12 Huayou miscellaneous, No. 14 Huayou miscellaneous, No. 22 Anhui oil and No. 7 Qin oil for seedling;
B. no-tillage transplanting: after late rice is harvested, rape is transplanted without tillage;
C. fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer by a hole application method to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer;
D. straw mulching and returning: after transplanting, covering and returning the late rice straws to the row space for transplanting the rape;
2) ploughing, transplanting and straw crushing returning in early rice season
A. Seedling raising: 1 month before the harvest of the rapes, selecting any one of early season rice varieties of Huozao 18, Shuangyou 287 and Shuangyou 42 to raise seedlings; spreading and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, soaking the dried seeds in 1 wt% of quicklime water for 1 day, or soaking and sterilizing the seeds in 200 times of diluent of 40 wt% of strong chlorine for 12 hours;
B. crushing the straws and returning the straws to the field: after the rape is harvested, cutting rape straws into 20-25cm, cutting or crushing the rape straws, and then spreading the crushed rape straws on the field surface;
C. land preparation and fertilization: ploughing mechanically or by animal power, completely turning rape straws under soil, then spreading base fertilizer, irrigating water and raking uniformly;
D. transplanting: transplanting the early rice seedlings on the same seedling lifting day, transplanting 2.0-2.5 ten thousand holes per mu, and adopting wide-row narrow plants or wide-row narrow plants, wherein 2-3 rice seedlings are planted in each hole;
3) ploughing, transplanting and straw covering, pressing and returning to field in late rice season
A. Seedling raising: 1 month before harvesting early rice, selecting Fengyuan you 299 or Hubei No. 17 to sprout; spreading and drying the seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, soaking the dried seeds in 1 wt% of quicklime water for 1 day, or soaking and sterilizing the seeds in 200 times of diluent of 40 wt% of strong chlorine for 12 hours;
B. land preparation and fertilization: ploughing mechanically or by animal power, then spreading base fertilizer, irrigating and raking uniformly;
C. transplanting: transplanting the rice seedlings on the same day of seedling raising in late rice, transplanting 1.6-2.6 ten thousand holes per mu, and transplanting 4-5 basic seedlings in each hole by adopting wide-row narrow plants or wide-row narrow-row transplanting;
D. covering straws, pressing and returning to the field: after transplanting, the early rice straws are covered and returned to the row space of the transplanted late rice, and treading is carried out to soak the straws in water, so as to accelerate decomposition.
2. The method for fertilizing and simplifying planting based on triple cropping of oil-rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the rape is 25 x 30cm or 20 x 33 cm.
3. The method for fertilizing and simplifying planting based on triple cropping of oil-rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the early rice and late rice use wide and narrow plants of 3 inch x 8 inch or 4 inch x 7 inch specification, or wide and narrow rows of 8 inch x 4 inch +4 inch x 4 inch specification.
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