CN111919689A - Early rice seedling throwing cultivation method after full returning of triple cropping rape straws - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a seedling throwing cultivation method for early rice after returning all straws of triple-cropping rape to the field, which comprises the steps of soaking seeds in miamide liquid medicine or oxadixyl, cleaning and soaking the seeds in clear water; before turning over, applying decomposed organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, turning over with water and raking; making a bed before sowing, and making surrounding ditches around the bed; determining the sowing period according to the harvesting condition and the suitable seedling age of the previous rape to sow; after sowing, covering a film, preserving heat, and hardening seedlings after three leaves and one heart; preparing a field: after the oil rape is ripe, the rape is timely combined with a machine to receive straws, crush the straws completely and return the straws to the field, irrigate with shallow water, apply base fertilizer the next day and then carry out rotary tillage; and (5) fertilizing after seedling throwing. The invention simultaneously applies lime to improve the field environment, does not influence the normal growth of early rice in the later period, reduces the burning or abandoning of the previous crop straws in the field, optimizes the fertilizing amount and the method after returning the rape straws to the field, not only saves time and labor, but also has the advantages of environmental protection, no environmental pollution and protects the health of people.

Description

Early rice seedling throwing cultivation method after full returning of triple cropping rape straws

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a seedling throwing cultivation method for early rice after full returning of triple cropping rape straws to the field.

Background

The straw is an important biological resource in a crop production system, the straw contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and simultaneously contains a large amount of trace elements and organic matters, so that the research on returning the rice straw to the field is greatly developed at present, and the returning of the rape straw to the field is still in the starting stage, particularly the returning of the rape straw to the field in a three-cropping cultivation mode is fresh and easy to research. At present, the phenomena of yellowing, emaciation and poor tillering of double cropping rice seedlings often occur in the practice of returning the whole straws of the 'oil rice' to the field as fertilizer, and finally, the phenomena of less effective ears and reduced yield are caused. It has three main reasons: firstly, crops in the 'oil rice' system have tight stubbles and prolonged seedling age, which causes poor seedling quality; secondly, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straws is large, during decomposition, microorganisms and crops compete for nitrogen, the number of pathogenic bacteria is increased sharply, a large amount of oxygen is consumed, oxygen is insufficient, the accumulation of soil reducing substances, particularly active reducing substances, is increased, the environment of the crops is further acidified, the growth and development of rice in a seedling stage are influenced, and the phenomena of stiff seedlings, short plants, slow tillering and the like are caused; thirdly, farmers use less basic seedlings in actual production in order to save seed cost and labor, and are used to increase the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and increase the nitrogen fertilizer investment in the early stage of growth, thereby influencing the rice yield and the fertilizer utilization rate. The main problems of double cropping rice planting under the condition of full straw returning and fertilizing of 'oil rice' are that the seedling age of seedlings is prolonged, a large amount of harmful reducing substances are generated by straw decomposition, the number of basic seedlings is small, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer is unreasonable, so that the technologies of returning rape straws to fields, strengthening early rice seedlings, timely throwing seedlings, controlling acid and regulating nitrogen are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling throwing cultivation method for early rice after full returning of triple cropping rape straws to the field.

The invention is realized in such a way that the early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the three-cropping rape straws to the field comprises the following steps:

firstly, sunning seeds for 1-2d before seed soaking (enhancing the activity and water absorption capacity of the seeds and improving the activity of the seeds), selecting the seeds by using clear water, soaking the selected seeds for 18-24h by using 25% mianamide 2000-3000 times of liquid medicine or 35% oxadixyl (broad-spectrum sterilization and disease control), and soaking the seeds for 18-24h by using the clear water after cleaning (ensuring that the seeds fully absorb water to promote the seeds to germinate fast and orderly);

step two, applying 800kg/666.7m decomposed organic fertilizer to the rice seedling field 15 days before plowing²And 45 percent (15 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) of 25kg/666.7m ternary compound fertilizer²Making base fertilizer, ploughing with water and raking;

step three, making furrows before sowing, wherein the width of each furrow is 1.4m, the width of each furrow is 50cm (namely furrow mud seedling raising), the depth of each furrow is 15cm, and surrounding furrows are arranged at the periphery and are 20cm deep;

fourthly, raising rice seedlings by using a soft disc;

step five, determining a sowing period to sow according to the harvesting condition of the previous rape and within 28d of controlling the seedling period (the seedling age is too long, the yield cannot be guaranteed), blocking the edge of a seedling tray by a wood plate and the like during sowing, firstly sowing two thirds of seeds, and then filling one third of seeds back and forth;

step six, covering a film after sowing, keeping warm, paying attention to the drainage of the seedling bed, keeping the proper temperature in the shed, and exercising seedlings after three leaves and one core;

seventhly, before seedling throwing, the grafted pesticide is beaten (centralized management, cost saving and efficiency increasing) 2-3 days, and the grafted fertilizer is applied 3-4 days;

step eight, preparing a field: after the rape is ripe, the rape is combined with a timely machine to receive and crush the straws completely and return to the field, and each 667m²Applying 75kg-100kg of lime (lime application amount for ensuring high and stable yield in a common 'oil rice' planting mode), irrigating with shallow water, applying base fertilizer the next day, and then carrying out rotary tillage;

step nine, throwing seedlings within 28 days of seedling age, and fertilizing after seedling throwing, wherein the total fertilizing amount is 10kg of pure nitrogen/666.7 m²About (i.e. urea 17.4kg/666.7 m)²) 8kg/666.7m potassium oxide²About (i.e., 13.3kg/666.7m potassium chloride)²) Phosphorus pentoxide 4.5kg/666.7m²About (namely, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 37.5kg/666.7m²)；

Step ten, after tillering fertilizer is applied, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, naturally draining, irrigating water at intervals of 2d until shallow water irrigation is kept in a sufficient seedling stage, starting to put the field when seedlings reach 85% (enough effective tillering is ensured, excessive ineffective tillering is prevented, nutrient waste is avoided, field putting is carried out to improve the field environment, rice root growth is facilitated, lodging is prevented), and rehydration is carried out when the joints are pulled out and ears are pregnant;

step eleven, when the yellow ripe paddy reaches 95%, harvesting by a combined machine, and chopping the paddy straw and returning the chopped paddy straw to the field.

Furthermore, the rice field with flat terrain, convenient irrigation, convenient seedling transportation, fertile soil and sunny exposure to the lee is selected as the rice field, and the rice field is left enough according to the seedling field ratio of 1: 15.

Furthermore, the floppy disk is made of 353-hole plastic, and the specification of the plastic floppy disk is 60cm multiplied by 33cm and is 666.7m in each time²The method comprises the steps of preparing about 75 field hybrid rice and about 90 conventional rice (ensuring basic seedlings of a field), placing 2 floppy disks in each row of a compartment surface in parallel, pressing disk holes into mud, enabling the front surfaces of the floppy disks to be flush with the compartment surface, leaving no gap between the floppy disks and the floppy disks, and filling the disk holes with the mud in a ditch.

Further, the temperature of the subsurface of the greenhouse internal film is controlled below 35 ℃.

Further, the seedling throwing density is 1.9 million stumps/666.7 m of hybrid rice²About 2.1 Wan stump/666.7 m of conventional rice²Left and right.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the spike fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:2:2, and the potassium fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the ear fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:0:4, and the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application.

Further, the depth of the shallow water layer is 3-4cm, and the depth of shallow water irrigation is 2-3 cm.

Further, after rehydration, except the water layer during the heading and flowering period, shallow water is used for frequent irrigation at other times, and water is cut off about 7 days before harvesting.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the invention provides a method for transplanting and cultivating early season rice after returning all the rape straws to the field, and discloses a related technical method for returning the rape straws to the field of three-cropping, wherein the method treats the rape straws, improves the field environment by applying lime, does not influence the normal growth of late early season rice, reduces the burning or abandoning of the previous crop straws in the field, optimizes the fertilization amount and the method after returning the rape straws to the field, saves time and labor, has the advantage of environmental protection, does not pollute the environment, and protects the body health of people.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seedling-throwing cultivation method of early rice after returning all the straws of triple-cropping rape to field in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling throwing cultivation method for early rice after full returning of triple cropping rape straws, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figure 1, the early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the three-cropping rape straws to the field provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: sunning seeds for 1-2 days before seed soaking, selecting seeds with clear water, soaking the selected seeds with 25% mianamide 2000-3000 times of liquid medicine or 35% oxazilin for 18-24h, cleaning, air drying, and soaking the seeds with clear water for 18-24 h;

s102: applying 800kg/666.7m decomposed organic fertilizer 15 days before turning over rice seedling bed²And 45% (each of N, P and K)15 percent of ternary compound fertilizer of 25kg/666.7m²Making base fertilizer, ploughing with water and raking;

s103: making furrows with width of 1.4m and furrow width of 50cm (trench mud seedling raising) and depth of 15cm before sowing, and making surrounding ditches with depth of 20cm around;

s104: raising rice seedlings by adopting a soft disc;

s105: determining the sowing period for sowing according to the harvesting condition of the previous rape and controlling the seedling period within 28d, blocking the edge of a seedling tray by a wood plate and the like during sowing, firstly sowing two thirds of seeds, and then filling one third of seeds back and forth;

s106: covering a film after sowing, keeping warm, paying attention to the drainage of the seedling bed, keeping the proper temperature in the shed, and hardening seedlings after three leaves and one core;

s107: 2-3d before seedling throwing, the medicine is transplanted, and 3-4d the fertilizer is transplanted;

s108: preparing a field: after the rape is ripe, the rape is combined with a timely machine to receive and crush the straws completely and return to the field, and each 667m²Applying 75kg-100kg of lime, irrigating with shallow water, applying base fertilizer the next day, and then carrying out rotary tillage;

s109: transplanting rice seedlings within 28 days, applying fertilizer after transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the total amount of fertilizer applied is 10kg/666.7m pure nitrogen²About (i.e. urea 17.4kg/666.7 m)²) 8kg/666.7m potassium oxide²About (i.e., 13.3kg/666.7m potassium chloride)²) Phosphorus pentoxide 4.5kg/666.7m²About (namely, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 37.5kg/666.7m²)；

S110: after the tillering fertilizer is applied, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, after the tillering fertilizer is naturally consumed, irrigating water at intervals of 2d until the shallow water irrigation is kept in a sufficient seedling stage, starting to put the field when 85% of seedlings are sufficient, and rehydrating when the joints are pulled out and ears are pregnant;

s111: when the yellow ripe paddy reaches 95%, the paddy is harvested by a combined machine, and the paddy straw is cut and returned to the field.

Preferably, the rice field is a rice field with flat terrain, convenient irrigation, convenient seedling transportation, fertile soil and sunny exposure, and the rice field is left enough according to the ratio of the seedlings to the field of about 1: 15.

Preferably, 353-hole plastic is adopted as the floppy disk, and the specification of the plastic floppy disk is 60cm multiplied by 33cm, and each 666.7m²About 75 pieces of field hybrid rice are prepared, about 90 pieces of conventional rice are prepared,every row of carriage face is put 2 floppy disks in parallel, with the dish hole in the mud of pressing, floppy disk openly and carriage face parallel and level, does not leave the gap between floppy disk and the floppy disk, fills up the dish hole with the mud in the ditch.

Preferably, the temperature of the subsurface of the greenhouse is controlled below 35 ℃.

Preferably, the seedling throwing density is 1.9 million stumps/666.7 m of hybrid rice²About 2.1 Wan stump/666.7 m of conventional rice²Left and right.

Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the spike fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:2:2, and the potassium fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the ear fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:0:4, and the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application.

Preferably, the depth of the shallow water layer is 3-4cm, and the depth of shallow water irrigation is 2-3 cm.

Preferably, after rehydration, except for the water layer during the heading and flowering period, shallow water is used for frequent irrigation at other times, and water is cut off about 7 days before harvesting.

(1) Lime straw decomposition rule for returning rape straws to field and influence on yield formation of early rice

The yield of early rice is improved by 6.36 percent by singly applying lime, the yield of early rice returned to the field by straw is improved by 0.77 percent, and the yield of early rice is improved by 12.65 percent under the condition of returning lime and straw to the field, which is obviously higher than that of singly applying lime and returning straw to the field. From the view of yield composition, the effective ear number of the early rice is remarkably improved by the interaction treatment of lime and straw returning, and correlation analysis shows that the effective ear number of the early rice is in positive correlation with the yield in a very remarkable way, and the correlation coefficient is 0.991.

After the straws are returned to the field, the cumulative decomposition amount of the straws, the cumulative release amount of nitrogen, the cumulative release amount of phosphorus and the cumulative release amount of potassium reach higher levels in the field 14d, and the decomposition rate and the release rate are in a rule of being fast at the early stage and slow at the later stage. The accumulated decomposition amount of the straws and the accumulated release amount of nitrogen at the early stage of the straws are accelerated by adding lime, and the influence on the accumulated release amount of phosphorus and the accumulated release amount of potassium is small.

The lime adding treatment improves the pH value of soil in each stage of early rice, the straw returning treatment increases soil quick-acting potassium and soil available phosphorus, but the lime application reduces the soil quick-acting potassium and the soil available phosphorus to a certain extent, and the straw returning treatment and lime adding treatment increase the content of soil organic matters and soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in each stage of early rice and promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the early rice. Influence of lime (L) and straw application (S) on early rice yield and composition thereof

Note: different lower case letters indicate a significant difference at the 0.05 level. The same applies below.

(2) Influence of different nitrogen application amount of rape straw returning on yield formation of early rice

Under the condition of returning the oil-rice triple-cropping rape straws to the field, the proper nitrogen application amount is beneficial to tillering and heading early rice, the higher leaf area index, the photosynthetic potential and the dry matter accumulation amount are maintained in the filling period, the effective heading number per unit area is synchronously increased, and the more grain number per heading is kept, so that the total storage capacity is synergistically enlarged. The nitrogen application amount is 165kg/hm²The early rice can achieve higher yield and maintain higher nitrogen absorption and utilization rate. Obtaining the optimal nitrogen application amount of 158kg/hm based on linear and platform model fitting²The yield potential reaches 8250kg/hm²。

Influence of nitrogen application on early rice yield and composition thereof

Note: different lower case letters indicate a significant difference at the 0.05 level; indicates significant or very significant correlations. The same applies below.

(3) Influence of nitrogen fertilizer operation under returning of oil rice straw to field on double cropping rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization

Under the condition of returning triple-cropping straws of the oil rice and the rice to the field, the influence of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer operation on the rice yield has obvious interaction effect in both early rice seasons and late rice seasons, the influence of 20 percent of nitrogen fertilizer added in the rice base fertilizer on the yield is not obvious, and the high yield and the stable yield of the rice can be realized after 2 times of application of the nitrogen fertilizer (namely, after nitrogen forward movement). The straw is returned to the field and matched with nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times of application (back nitrogen forward movement), the requirement of nitrogen in the growth period of rice can be met, so that the normal growth of rice is ensured, the nitrogen absorption amount can reach or even exceed the nitrogen application treatment level for 3 times, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is obviously improved, and the increase of the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is not beneficial to the improvement of the partial production capacity of the nitrogen fertilizer. In a word, under the condition of returning triple-cropping straws of the oil rice and the rice to the field, the normal growth of the rice can be ensured by applying the nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times (after nitrogen is moved forward), the high yield and the stable yield of the rice are realized, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is obviously improved.

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer operation under returning of rice straw to field on rice yield

Note: different lower case letters indicate a significant difference at the 0.05 level; indicates significant or very significant correlations. The same applies below.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for cultivating early season rice by throwing seedlings after returning all the straws of triple cropping rape to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, sunning seeds before soaking the seeds, selecting the seeds by clear water, soaking the selected seeds by using mianamide liquid medicine or oxadixyl, cleaning and soaking the seeds by clear water;

step two, applying decomposed organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer before plowing the rice seedling field, plowing with water and raking;

step three, making a bed before sowing, and making surrounding ditches around the bed;

fourthly, raising rice seedlings by using a soft disc;

step five, determining a sowing period for sowing according to the harvesting condition and the suitable seedling age of the previous rape, blocking the edge of a seedling tray by a wood board during sowing, firstly sowing two thirds of seeds, and then filling one third of seeds back and forth;

step six, covering a film after sowing, keeping warm, paying attention to the drainage of the seedling bed, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse, and exercising seedlings after three leaves and one core;

seventhly, before seedling throwing, a medicine is transplanted, and a fertilizer is applied;

step eight, preparing a field: after the oil rape is ripe, the rape is timely combined with a machine to receive straws and crush the straws completely and return the straws to the field, and each 667m²Applying 75kg-100kg of lime, irrigating with shallow water, applying base fertilizer the next day, and then carrying out rotary tillage;

step nine, throwing seedlings within 28 days of seedling age, and fertilizing after seedling throwing; the seedling throwing density is 1.9 million stumps/666.7 m of hybrid rice²(ii) a The nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the spike fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:2:2, and the potassium fertilizer is prepared from the following base fertilizers: and (3) tillering fertilizer: the panicle fertilizer is applied in a ratio of 6:0:4, and the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application;

step ten, after the tillering fertilizer is applied, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, after the tillering fertilizer is naturally consumed, irrigating again until the shallow water irrigation is kept in a sufficient seedling stage, starting to put the field when the seedlings are sufficient, and rehydrating when the joints are pulled out and the ears are pregnant.

2. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the triple cropping rape straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seedling field is a rice field with flat terrain, convenient irrigation, convenient seedling transportation, fertile soil and leeward and sunny exposure, and the rice field is provided with enough rice seedling fields according to the rice seedling field ratio of 1: 15.

3. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the triple cropping rape straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein 353-hole plastic is adopted as the soft disc, and the specification of the plastic soft disc is 60cm x 33cm, and each 666.7m plastic soft disc is adopted²Preparing 75 field hybrid rice and 90 conventional rice, placing 2 soft disks in each row of the compartment surface in parallel, pressing the disk holes into mud, enabling the front surfaces of the soft disks to be flush with the compartment surface, leaving no gap between the soft disks, and filling the disk holes with the mud in the ditch.

4. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after the full returning of the triple cropping rape straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the underground surface temperature of the greenhouse inner membrane is controlled below 35 ℃.

5. The early rice seedling throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the triple cropping rape straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the shallow water layer is 3-4cm, and the depth of shallow water irrigation is 2-3 cm.

6. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after full returning of the triple cropping rape straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein after rehydration, except for the water layer during the heading and flowering period, shallow water service irrigation is adopted at other times, and water is cut off 7 days before harvesting.

7. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the triple cropping rape straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step is to sun-dry the seeds for 1-2d before seed soaking, select the seeds with clear water, soak the selected seeds with 25% mianamide 2000-3000 times of liquid medicine or 35% oxazilin for 18-24h, clean and dry the seeds and then soak the seeds with clear water for 18-24 h;

step two, applying 800kg/666.7m decomposed organic fertilizer to the rice seedling bed 15 days before ploughing²And 45% of ternary compound fertilizer 25kg/666.7m²Making base fertilizer, ploughing with water and raking; 45% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively contain 15%;

and step three, making a furrow before sowing, wherein the furrow width is 1.4m, the furrow width is 50cm, the furrow depth is 15cm, and surrounding furrows with the depth of 20cm are arranged at the periphery.

8. The early rice seedling-throwing cultivation method after returning the total amount of the three cropping rape straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth step is to determine the sowing period according to the harvest condition of the previous rape and the control within the seedling period of 28d for sowing;

seventhly, before seedling throwing, the grafted pesticide is beaten 2-3 days, and the grafted fertilizer is applied 3-4 days;

step eight, preparing a field: after the rape is ripe, the rape is combined with a timely machine to receive and crush the straws completely and return to the field, and each 667m²Applying 75kg-100kg of lime, irrigating with shallow water, applying base fertilizer the next day, and then carrying out rotary tillage;

step nine, the total fertilization amount is 10kg/666.7m of pure nitrogen²8kg/666.7m potassium oxide²Phosphorus pentoxide 4.5kg/666.7m²；

Step ten, after tillering fertilizer is applied, keeping a shallow water layer in the field, after the tillering fertilizer is naturally consumed, irrigating water again at intervals of 2d until the shallow water irrigation is kept in a sufficient seedling stage, starting to put the field when sufficient seedlings reach 85%, and rehydrating when the joints are pulled out and the ears are pregnant;

step eleven, when the yellow ripe paddy reaches 95%, harvesting by a combined machine, and chopping the rice straws and returning the rice straws to the field.

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