CN106069017B - A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted Download PDFInfo
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- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009356 triple cropping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940059082 douche Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention, which provides a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage, improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, using wheat-triple-cropping system rotation system of rice-peanut 2 years: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat, after rice harves, the coming year plants peanut, does not apply the pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest during peanut growth；Wheat is planted after harvesting peanut, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat, such circulation plantation, 2 years are a cycle.The present invention passes through rice cultivation, a kind of anaerobic environment is created to soil, physical method kills germ and pest, the pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, environmental pollution can not only be effectively reduced, and this method prevention and control underground disease pest effect is very significant.It is also remarkably improved the full fruit number of peanut strain, hundred benevolence weight and economic flow rate, is obviously improved peanut economic value.Comprehensive benefit is significant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, specifically a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green that peanut yield is constituted
Alternating method.
Background technique
Peanut is the important oil plant in China and industrial crops, is that the important quality plant grease of people's lives and protein come
Source occupies an important position in national economy and social development.5,000,000 hectares or so of China's peanut cultivation area, occupy the world
Two, Shandong is one of China's peanut main product province, and cultivated area and the China yield Jun Ju are the first.But the continuous cropping obstacle of peanut compared with
Heavy, plantation easily causes underground pest and disease damage to aggravate year after year, and root nodule numbers are reduced, nitrogen fixing capacity declines, yield reduction, quality variation,
Reduce its economic value.Current control method, which mainly has, to be selected resistance to continuous cropping kind, spreads fertilizer over the fields pesticide etc. into soil, but prevents and treats effect
Fruit is undesirable.
Peanut cultivation mode or wheat-peanut crop rotation are interplanted using traditional wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai peanut main producing region at present, but
There has been no by improving farming planting system, improve the green planting method of peanut quality, mitigation peanut underground pest and disease damage.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of mode of wheat-peanut-rice crop rotation, can effectively prevent
Underground pest and disease damage is controlled, improves peanut yield and constitutes.
For this purpose, the present invention is using technical solution, a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green wheel that peanut yield is constituted
Make method, using wheat-triple-cropping system rotation system of rice-peanut 2 years: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat after rice harves, comes
It plants peanut year, does not apply the pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest during peanut growth；Wheat is planted after harvesting peanut, after harvesting wheat
Re-planting paddy, such circulation plantation, 2 years are a cycle.
Key step is as follows:
(1) plant wheat: wheat is carried out according to general planting mode；It is early or mid June, timely with rotary cultivator after harvesting wheat
Rotary tillage stubble-cleaning.
(2) rice cultivation: rice is using transplanting rice transplanting or direct-seeding；
Transplant rice transplanting: after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, upper water is raked rice transplanting；It did not planted the dry land of rice for many years, and preferably harrowed more rakes with water
Several times, to establish water conservation layer, according to the heavy real mud of soil property, in due course rice transplanting.Routine Management after rice transplanting.According to local weather
Feature selects the rice varieties of moderate growth duration, it is ensured that normal mature before the winter.
Live streaming: rotary tillage to not big clod can be sowed.It can be used and broadcast sowing or drilling, depth of planting is no more than 2cm, broadcasts
Upper water, is retained 2 days after kind.Ground moistening was kept before tri-leaf period, Routine Management after tri-leaf period.
The dry land of non-rice cultivation for many years, it is first to plant Ying little Shui frequent irrigation due to there is no water conservation layer, to meet each life of rice
Educating the phase normally needs water, normal management after rice cultivation many years.
(3) it plants peanut: after rice harves, turning over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up before the winter, late April in the coming year, site preparation plantation flower after temperature is stablized
It is raw.The pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, other routinely manage progress.
Wheat is planted after harvesting peanut, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat, such circulation plantation, 2 years are a cycle.
The method of the present invention is suitable for Huanghuai Area.
The advantages of the method for the present invention:
1, environmentally protective effect is good: by rice cultivation, creating a kind of anaerobic environment to soil, physical method kills germ
And pest, the pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, can not only effectively reduce environmental pollution, and should
Method prevention and control underground disease pest effect is very significant.
2, yield forming improves high efficiency: the green cultural method is remarkably improved the full fruit number of peanut strain, hundred benevolence weight and warp
Ji yield, is obviously improved peanut economic value.
3, comprehensive benefit is significant: the green cultural method uses rice-triple-cropping system cropping pattern of peanut-wheat 2 years,
While increasing economic efficiency, reaches land used and increase soil fertility and make overall plans, comprehensive benefit is significant.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention and its generated technical effect are done further below with reference to specific implementation method
Illustrate, the following description is only intended to explain the invention, but the present invention is limited in any way, be based on present invention teach that
It is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
1. prevention and control underground of the present invention pest and disease damage of embodiment improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, specific steps
It is,
1, wheat cultivation is planted
(1) site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, 1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, urinates by 15-18 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) per acre
10 kilograms of element, is uniformly spread in ground.Pre-sowing water is watered with to the insufficient plot of soil moisture, is ploughed in the suitable moisture in the soil phase, tilling depth reaches
To 25 centimetres, plot is flattened, site preparation quality reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, net, moisture in the soil " six word standard, whole good wait broadcast.
(2) sow: selecting the wheat breeding for being suitble to local plantation, the sowing time generally at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September, application rate
18-20 kgs/acre, using 24 row seeder machinery drillings, line-spacing is 15 centimetres and line-spacings is waited to sow, 4-6 centimetres of depth of planting.
(3) field management: when Wheat Growing Soils water content drops to 15% or less, timely winter irrigation is answered.General wheatland winter irrigation exists
It is carried out at 2-3 DEG C of daily mean temperature.Behind wheat rises, general main stem leaf age is spring two leaf stage, water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles in time, irrigation quantity 60
Side/mu, after head water, after two water spacers 10-15 days.It fills even, fill thoroughly, the irrigation quantity side 50-60.After wheat heading, wheatland cannot
Water shortage, it is ensured that wheatland is wet.It is spaced the water of filling in 15 days or so, irrigation quantity is 60 sides/mu, light irrigation wheat yellow water.
It chases after 10-12 kilograms of urea per acre before water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles, 8-10 kilograms of urea is chased after per acre to the wheatland for growing more prosperous.Wheat
Flowering post-grouting initial stage, mu are watered 30 kilograms with 100-150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 100 grams of urea and carry out foliage-spray, can have
Effect improves mass of 1000 kernel and the yield of wheat.
Wheat seed all turns yellow, and water content is 18% hereinafter, can harvest.
Disease pest and weed prevention and treatment and other agronomic measures routinely carry out.
2, rice cultivation planting
Early or mid June, leveling of being ploughed in time after harvesting wheat with rotary cultivator are prepared for rice cultivation.Live streaming can be used
Or transplanting Transplanting pattern selects the rice varieties of moderate growth duration, it is ensured that normal mature before the winter according to local climatic characteristic.
(1) it is broadcast live
1500 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound fertilizer (N:P are applied in conjunction with arable land mu2O5:K2O
=15:15:15) 30 kilograms.Chemical fertilizer can also be applied with seed manure one seeder at seeding time.It should be whole as early as possible after harvesting wheat
Ground sowing, 8-9 kilograms of dry seeds of the mu amount of broadcasting.Using artificial broadcast and mechanical drilling.Depth of planting is no more than 2 centimetres.
It after planting pours water 3-5 centimetres, is retained 2-3 days.Emergence is to keeping ground moistening before 3 leaf phases, 3 leaf phase to boot stages,
Take interval douche；Heading stage to blooming stage keeps shoaling layer；Pustulation period uses interval douche；The last week stopping is gathered in fill
Water.
Before and after 3 leaf phases, mu applies 7.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea or so, applies 12.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea or so after 10 days again,
10 kilograms of ear manuer urea or so are applied, boot stage takes the circumstances into consideration to apply 4-5 kilograms or foliage application 1-2 times of colored granulated fertilizer urea.
(2) machine rice transplantation
Water can be gone up after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning to rake, did not planted the dry land of rice for many years, preferably harrows more rakes several times with water, to establish
It is retained layer, according to the heavy real mud of soil property, in due course rice transplanting.
Basal fertilizer applying method is the same as live streaming.
The machine transplanting of rice time is 15-25 in June days, and water depth is preferably controlled at 1-1.5 centimetres, has not only prevented the depth of water from floating seedling, but also prevent
Anhydrous viscous seedling.Machine transplanting of rice depth: control is at 1.5-2 centimetres.Transplanting Density: 30 centimetres of line-spacing, 12-14 centimetres of hill spacing, Basic Seedling control
System is in ten thousand/mu of 8-9.
Flood seedling-protection (never drowned) is filled after the completion of rice transplanting, prevents from being tanned severely by the sun.Interval douche is used after turning green,
It pours water 3-5 centimetres, after it falls naturally and does, then pours water.See that seedling puts field, enough seedlings are put, generally repeatedly gently put mid-July,
Ineffective tillering is reduced, then rehydration, establishes shoaling layer, guarantees every 12 fringe of cave mature spike number or more, mu is at 220,000 or more fringe.Blooming stage
It is never dehydrated, to establish based on shoaling layer, the pustulation period uses intermittent irrigation method, until harvest.
7-10 days mu applies 7.5 kilograms of urea as dressing of turnning green stage after cultivation, and 14 days mu is applied 12.5-17.5 kilograms of urea and divided after cultivation
Fetilizer for tillering makes rice send out fastly, is multiple, steady hair.First 30 days of heading, mu apply 10 kilograms of urea as ear differentiation fertilizer.
The dry land of non-rice cultivation for many years, it is first to plant Ying little Shui frequent irrigation due to there is no water conservation layer, to meet each life of rice
Educating the phase normally needs water, normal management after rice cultivation many years.
Disease pest and weed prevention and treatment routinely carries out during method of raising seedling and paddy growth.
3, peanut cultivation is planted
It after rice harves, turned over and suns the earth which has been ploughed up before the winter, mid or late April in the coming year, site preparation plants peanut after temperature is stablized.
Pre-sowing water is watered with to the insufficient plot of soil moisture, is ploughed in the suitable moisture in the soil phase, plot is flattened, it is whole good wait broadcast.Knot
Rotary tillage 1000-1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre is closed, compound fertilizer (N:P is spread fertilizer over the fields2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 30 kilograms.Accomplish ground
Flat, soil is carefully, fertilizer is even, moisture in the soil is sufficient.
The combined peanut seeder for selecting economical character excellent, will be on peanut seeding, ridging, sprinkling herbicide, overlay film, film
Firming is once completed.Peanut seeding density is the cave 9500-10000/mu.
Soil on film is recalled in furrow in time after peanut emergence, 4 leaf phases managed out the side shoot under mulch to before blooming in time.Flower
Raw floricome phase and fruiting period, are more sensitive to moisture, blade occur withering at noon here when, should water in right amount in time.Full fruiting period
It meets the small water profit of drought to pour, if rainwater is more after bearing pods, answers timely drainage waterlogging prevention.
The pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, other disease pest and weed prevention and control routinely manage into
Row.
Wheat is planted after harvesting peanut, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat, such circulation plantation, 2 years are a cycle.
The alternating method of the present invention of comparative example 1. is compared with conventional wheat-peanut alternating method
- 2015 years 2013, the comparable two pieces of fields of fertility are chosen, one piece of field uses wheat-peanut-rice crop rotation of the present invention
Method, another piece of field use conventional wheat-peanut alternating method.Peanut yield is constituted and underground pest and disease damage situation counts
Analysis, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Studies have shown that wheat-peanut-rice crop rotation of the present invention is remarkably improved peanut production compared with wheat-peanut crop rotation
Amount and its composition, the generation of effective prevention and control underground pest and disease damage.This explanation, wheat-peanut-rice crop rotation are to release peanut continuous cropping barrier
The effective measures hindered, and guarantee the effective means that grain and oil persistently increase production.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, characterized in that use wheat-water
2 years triple-cropping system rotation systems of rice-peanut: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat, after rice harves, the coming year plants peanut, peanut growth
Period does not apply the pesticide of preventing and controlling subterranean pest；Wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat are planted after harvesting peanut, the coming year plants again
Peanut is planted, such circulation plantation, 2 years are a cycle；
The alternating method, characterized in that key step is as follows:
(1) wheat is planted:
Wheat is carried out according to general planting mode；With the timely rotary tillage stubble-cleaning of rotary cultivator after harvesting wheat；After preceding crop harvest, often
1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 15-18 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10 kilograms of urea of mu；Chase after urea 10- per acre before water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles
12 kilograms, 8-10 kilograms of urea is chased after per acre to more prosperous wheatland is grown, wheat flowering post-grouting initial stage, mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate
100-150 grams plus 100 grams of urea is watered 30 kilograms of progress foliage-sprays；
(2) rice cultivation:
Rice is using live streaming or transplanting Transplanting pattern；
Live streaming:
30 kilograms of 1500 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 15-20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound fertilizer are applied in conjunction with arable land mu, it is described compound
The N:P of fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；Rotary tillage to not big clod can be sowed, and using broadcasting sowing or drilling, depth of planting is not
More than 2cm, after planting upper water, is retained 2 days；Ground moistening was kept before tri-leaf period, in 3 leaf phase to boot stages, took interval douche；
Before and after 3 leaf phases, mu applies 12.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea again after applying 7.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea, 10 days, Shi Suifei urea 10 is public
Jin, boot stage apply colored 4-5 kilograms of granulated fertilizer urea；
Transplant rice transplanting:
Base manure application is with live streaming, and after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, upper water is raked rice transplanting；7-10 days mu is applied 7.5 kilograms of urea and is used as and turns green after cultivation
Fertilizer, 14 days mu applies 12.5-17.5 kilograms of urea and makees tillering fertilizer after cultivation, ears preceding 30 days, mu is applied 10 kilograms of urea and divided as young fringes
Chemical fertilizer；
(3) peanut is planted:
It after rice harves, turned over and suns the earth which has been ploughed up before the winter, late April in the coming year, site preparation plants peanut；In conjunction with rotary tillage organic fertilizer per acre
1000-1500 kilograms, spread fertilizer over the fields 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15.
2. alternating method as described in claim 1, characterized in that when the transplanting rice transplanting, do not planted the drought of rice for many years
Field harrows more rakes several times with water, establishes water conservation layer.
3. alternating method as described in claim 1, characterized in that when the transplanting rice transplanting or live streaming, many years non-rice cultivation
Dry land, first plantation uses small water frequent irrigation method.
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| CN107637414A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-30 | 刘万顺 | One cultivates peanut, the implantation methods of garlic crop rotation stable yields |
| CN109169068A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | A method of it helps and moves from wheatland to corn field predator |
| CN112314371A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests |
| CN112970547A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 南阳市经济作物技术推广站 | Peanut planting method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
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