CN104303807A - High-yield corn planting technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-yield corn planting technology mainly comprises the following steps of step 1, selecting a wet dry land to plant; step 2, performing basal dressing during soil preparation before planting, wherein the soil preparation cultivation is fine and the compound basal fertilizer is applied and the mud is mixed in the soil preparation process; step 3, selecting good seeds which are aggregate in granule, high and stable in yield, good in quality and good in disease resistance and falling resistance; step 4, performing seed treatment, wherein the seeds are soaked for 10 to 15 minutes before sowing and fished out to be mixed with the carbendazim powder for sterilization; step 5, performing seed turning point planting, wherein the seeds after treatment are sown in a ditch two grains every point according to the planting distance and the sowing and the soil covering are performed simultaneously; step 6, performing growing period management which comprises final singling, thinning, intertilling and weeding, water and fertilizer management, disease and pest control. According to the high-yield corn planting technology, the strict operation of the selection of the corn filed, the selection of the corn seeds, the soil preparation and fertilization, the seed sterilization, the dibbling and thinning, the insect and disease prevention and the like is performed and accordingly the growth of the corn is flourishing and the yield is high.

Description

High-yield corn planting technology

Technical field

The planting technology problem that the present invention relates to corn especially can improve per mu yield and quality, reduces management labour, belongs to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Corn (formal name used at school: Zea mays), also known as maize, maize, maize, ear of maize; Guangdong language is called maize, and the south of Fujian Province language is called a kind wheat, is annual gramineae herbaceous plant, is important cereal crops and important feed resource, is also cereal crops that whole world gross yield is the highest, more taller than rice yield.There is maize planting all over China at present, especially more with northeast, North China and southwestern each province.Flint corn is generally planted by the Northeast, and North China is multiple plants the dent corn being suitable for abrasive dust, and quality is inferior to Flint corn.Corn is the health-care good product in coarse food grain, and food corn is rather favourable to the health of human body.The corn planting technology in current known road have a kind of it generally: field or soil are dug to turn over and has held weeds or removed good weeds, then make line-spacing by the arbitrary dimension in 3.5 chi to 4.5 chis, moving back nest is that nest nest beaten by 1 chi-1.2 chi, executes lower a small amount of base fertilizer.Then maize seedling (the note: maize seedling is by general, and the nursery of known walk technology, the sowing time is the time in the Spring Equinox, after transplanting time is Clear and Bright, because clear and bright disconnected snow cultivated is planted with the topped good base fertilizer of mud.) then drench some clear water excrement and support maize seedling with it, main fertilising executes 3-4 fertilizer after maize seedling survives, and is main mainly with carbon ammonium and urea.This technology is easily hindered fertilizer or be there is the growth needs that corn in short supply carried by fertilizer, causes easily hindering fertilizer, and growth is slow, and during management, labour increases, and collecting time is slow, yields poorly.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome after maize seedling existing for existing corn planting technology transplants, easily hinder the needs that corn growth in short supply carried by fertilizer or the fertilizer executed during management, causing growth slow, during management, labour increases, collecting time is slow, and the deficiency yielded poorly, the invention provides a kind of up-to-date corn planting technology, this technology can not only solve the deficiency of existing corn planting technology, and playing the per mu yield that can improve it, growth is fast, does not hinder fertilizer, reduce labour during management, gather early.

The technical scheme that high-yield corn planting technology adopts is undertaken by step below:

One, the plantation of wet type nonirrigated farmland is selected: corn field is convenient with irrigation and drainage, do not have soak period, be convenient to manage, loam between PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility or sandy loam are advisable;

Two, basal dressing in whole ground before planting: carry out deep ploughing after selection of land and rake, generally will accomplish two plough two rakes, farming layer depth more than 30 centimetres, to reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil foot, fertilizer are high "; Plough and use composite basal fertilizer wholely simultaneously, allow base manure infiltrate in soil;

Three, select breeding: select and be applicable to local breeding, should be the full rod of pellet, stable high yield, quality be good, disease-resistant anti-fall, can be applicable to the market demand again, marketable corn seed type;

Four, seed treatment: bask seeds before sowing 3-4 hours, generally uses the water seed soaking 10-15 points minutes of 50-55 DEG C, pulls out to mix and be stained with powder of carbendazim sterilizing;

Five, seed sowing dibbling: play the plantation of furrow point, furrow wide 120-140 centimetres (bag ditch), furrow height about 20 cm, furrow face is opened the shallow ridges of two between-line spacing 50-60 centimetres, processed good seed is often put two grain and be sowed at (by spacing in the rows) in ditch, broadcast while blinding, blinding 1 cun is also steady and sure;

Six, the management in vegetative period: corn growing season is that take root foliation and stem, joint, leaf is grown up and the growth period of result, the main goal of attack of growing season management is: promote root system development, nurturing staff, strong bar, to lay a solid foundation for the fertility of fringe grain phase, specifically have: final singling, thinning, cultivation uproot, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.

plantation is beautifulthe highest with spring corn (25-February 10 January) output; Next is autumn planting (25-September 10 August); Winter kind (20-January 10 October) again; Worst is summer sowing (25-May 10 April).In a word, the selection of corn optimum sowing time, according to the purposes of corn and land use situation, and the arrangement of crops for rotation is determined.Fodder maize is suitable for spring sowing and autumn planting.Corn is happiness rich water, good warm, aerobic many, the crop that is afraid of flooded stain, peracid, crosses and to glue and barren soil all can make corn growth bad.Therefore, selection of land preferably convenient with irrigation and drainage, be convenient to manage, loam between PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility or sandy loam be advisable.Whole is well the precondition of saving seedling from damage.Carry out deep ploughing after selection of land to rake, generally will accomplish two plough two rakes, farming layer depth more than 30 centimetres, to reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil foot, fertilizer are high ".Plant line-spacing 120-140 centimetres of unwrapping wire trench digging by duplicate rows behind whole ground, and do base manure bar by every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms and superphosphate 50 kilograms and impose in ditch; In order to irrigation and drainage are convenient, in conjunction with whole bedding of also should ditching, fix drain ditch, four sides.Requirement accomplishes that the flat ditch of furrow is straight, and ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unimpeded.The output of corn derives from the utilization to luminous energy and soil fertility, and within the specific limits, leaf-area coefficient is larger, and utility rate of luminous energy is higher, and output is also higher, and therefore, rational close planting could high yield.Planting density must be considered from many factors such as kind, date of seeding, soil fertility, cultivation conditions.Plant Type in Maize has two kinds: flat-type and compact.The suitable thin planting of flat-type kind, general mu plants 3000-3500 strains.The suitable dense planting of dense-type variety, general mu plants 4500-5500 strains.Corn seeding mode such as to mainly contain at line-spacing and the wide-and narrow-row two kinds.Deng line-spacing plantation specification be line-spacing 75 centimetres, dense-type variety spacing in the rows is at 17-20 centimetres, and flat-type kind spacing in the rows is at 25-30 centimetres.Wide-narrow row planting specification is wide row 140 centimetres, narrow row 40 centimetres, dense-type variety spacing in the rows 15 cm, flat-type kind spacing in the rows 20 cm.The fresh edible maize plant type of current our province popularizing planting is compact, and suitable dense planting, general mu plants 3500-4000 strains.Planting patterns mainly adopts wide-narrow row planting, wide row 70 centimetres, narrow row 40-50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 30 centimetres.

The beneficial effect of high-yield corn planting technology is: the selection of high-yield corn planting technology from corn field, the everyway strict implement such as selection, site preparation and fertilization, Seed sterilization, dibbling thinning, the insect protected diseases prevention operation of maize seed, make the riotous growth of corn, output the highest.　

Embodiment

High-yield corn planting technology adopts mainly is undertaken by step below:

One, select the plantation of wet type nonirrigated farmland: corn is happiness rich water, good warm, aerobic many, the crop that is afraid of flooded stain, peracid, cross and to glue and barren soil all can make corn growth bad.Therefore, selection of land preferably convenient with irrigation and drainage, be convenient to manage, loam between PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility or sandy loam be advisable.

Two, basal dressing in the front whole ground of plantation: whole is well the precondition of saving seedling from damage.Carry out deep ploughing after selection of land to rake, generally will accomplish two plough two rakes, farming layer depth more than 30 centimetres, to reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil foot, fertilizer are high ".Plant line-spacing 120-140 centimetres of unwrapping wire trench digging by duplicate rows behind whole ground, and do base manure bar by every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms and superphosphate 50 kilograms and impose in ditch; In order to irrigation and drainage are convenient, in conjunction with whole bedding of also should ditching, fix drain ditch, four sides.Requirement accomplishes that the flat ditch of furrow is straight, and ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unimpeded.

Three, select breeding: being applicable to local breeding should be stable high yield, quality is good, disease-resistant anti-fall, can be applicable to the market demand again, in demand.Current fodder maize is selected " tuck in single No. 4 ", " Yedan No.13 number ", the kind such as " middle list 321 ".Fresh edible maize the is selected specific breed such as " sweet glutinous No. 1 ", " No. 1, Su Yu ".General live every mu, field sowing quantity 1500-2000 grams.

Four, seed treatment: bask seeds before sowing 3-4 hours, generally uses the water seed soaking 10-15 points minutes of 50-55 DEG C, pulls out to mix and be stained with powder of carbendazim sterilizing.

Five, seed sowing dibbling: play the plantation of furrow point, furrow wide 120-140 centimetres (bag ditch), furrow height about 20 cm, furrow face is opened the shallow ridges of two between-line spacing 50-60 centimetres, processed good seed is often put two grain and be sowed at (by spacing in the rows) in ditch, broadcast while blinding, blinding 1 cun is also steady and sure.

Six, the management in vegetative period: corn growing season is that take root foliation and stem, joint, leaf is grown up and the growth period of result, the main goal of attack of growing season management is: promote root system development, nurturing staff, strong bar, to lay a solid foundation for the fertility of fringe grain phase, specifically have: final singling, thinning, cultivation uproot, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.(1) final singling, thinning: grasp " go weak stay strong, close deposit rare, directed, stay even, stay strong sprout " principle, final singling is generally carried out when 5 true leaves, and strain strong sprout is stayed in every cave, carries out looking into seedling simultaneously and fills the gaps with seedlings, band soil mud seedling, and water sufficient normal root water, ensure that seedling survives.As being short of seedling too much, the way of available after-culture seed solves.(2) intertill and clean tillage: Maize at Seedling Stage intertillage can be carried out 1-2 times, and combines fertilising, suitably earths up.The depth requirements of intertillage is accomplished in other shallow, the row of seedling dark, shallow before final singling, dark after final singling, notes the control to damage by disease and insect simultaneously.(3) water and fertilizer management: when 5-6 leaves, first time imposes seed manure, executes 7.5-10 kilograms, urea for every mu, trench digging row replacement, then blinding in the middle of furrow.Seedling stage, as lack of water, should pour water in time, should irrigate through furrow.When rainy day, soil moisture, ponding, zanjon row ponding be noted out, improve soil aeration condition.

Claims (1)

1. high-yield corn planting technology, is characterized in that being undertaken by step below:

One, the plantation of wet type nonirrigated farmland is selected: corn field is convenient with irrigation and drainage, do not have soak period, be convenient to manage, loam between PH6.5-7, more than middle fertility or sandy loam are advisable;

Two, basal dressing in whole ground before planting: carry out deep ploughing after selection of land and rake, generally will accomplish two plough two rakes, farming layer depth more than 30 centimetres, to reach the site preparation quality requirement of " Horizon, soil are thin, moisture in the soil foot, fertilizer are high "; Plough and use composite basal fertilizer wholely simultaneously, allow base manure infiltrate in soil;

Three, select breeding: select and be applicable to local breeding, should be the full rod of pellet, stable high yield, quality be good, disease-resistant anti-fall, can be applicable to the market demand again, marketable corn seed type;

Four, seed treatment: bask seeds before sowing 3-4 hours, generally uses the water seed soaking 10-15 points minutes of 50-55 DEG C, pulls out to mix and be stained with powder of carbendazim sterilizing;

Five, seed sowing dibbling: play the plantation of furrow point, furrow wide 120-140 centimetres (bag ditch), furrow height about 20 cm, furrow face is opened the shallow ridges of two between-line spacing 50-60 centimetres, processed good seed is often put two grain and be sowed at (by spacing in the rows) in ditch, broadcast while blinding, blinding 1 cun is also steady and sure;

Six, the management in vegetative period: corn growing season is that take root foliation and stem, joint, leaf is grown up and the growth period of result, the main goal of attack of growing season management is: promote root system development, nurturing staff, strong bar, to lay a solid foundation for the fertility of fringe grain phase, specifically have: final singling, thinning, cultivation uproot, water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.