CN103988678A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of loessal soil spring maize - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing yield of loessal soil spring maize Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988678A CN103988678A CN201410213943.2A CN201410213943A CN103988678A CN 103988678 A CN103988678 A CN 103988678A CN 201410213943 A CN201410213943 A CN 201410213943A CN 103988678 A CN103988678 A CN 103988678A
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Abstract
A cultivation method for increasing the yield of loessal soil spring maize includes the first step of selecting fields, the second step of fertilizing according to fertility characteristics of the fields, the third step of preparing the fields after fertilization, the fourth step of precisely sowing on the prepared fields and the fifth step of carrying out field management. With the combination of fertilization requirement characteristics of the spring maize and according to feeder capability of soil and yield targets, the application quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potash fertilizers is determined, and crop physiological problems caused by blind fertilization and excessive fertilization are avoided. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application is realized, organic fertilizers are combined with inorganic fertilizers, reasonable close planting is adopted, and later seedling placing, seedling thinning, final singling, topdressing, intertillage and the like are carried out, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers is increased. The yield of the loessal soil spring maize is effectively increased, and the aims of high yield, cost reduction and efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method that improves loessal soil Spring Corn Yield.
Background technology
Formula fertilization by soil testing obtains wide popularization and application in recent years, this technology is that to take soil testing and manuring field trial be basis, according to crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application organic manure, regulate and solve crop and need the contradiction between fertilizer and fertilizer provision from soil, supplement targetedly the required nutritive element of crop simultaneously, realize various nutrient balance supplies, meet the needs of crop, reach the object that improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
The corn of different growing stage is different to the demand of nutrient, determines that the target output of the corn of planting is to be determined by the soil fertility height situation of ploughing then.Loess plateau is maximum in the world Loess Accumulation district, its loess particle is thin, soil property is soft, containing abundant mineral matter nutrient, be beneficial to farming, is one of cradle of ancient Chinese Farming Culture, also be one of major grain producing area of modern times and even contemporary China, these ecological region planting crops are of a great variety, hybridizing under the current conditions that breeding and improved seeds are comparatively universal, culture technique has breakthrough, and fertilizer practice has become one of key constraints of this regional agriculture high-yield and high-efficiency.During chief crop produces, ubiquity chemical fertilizer application is excessive, nutrient supply is unbalanced, high yield poor efficiency and low yield poor efficiency the problem such as deposit, and particularly exists: diazonium phosphate fertilizer, light potash fertilizer; Great secondary element, slight secondary element; Heavy inorganic fertilizer, " triple three light " phenomenon of light fertilizer.The problem such as the improper and application process of fertilizing time is unreasonable is restricting the further raising of corn unit yield and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of cultivation method that improves loessal soil Spring Corn Yield by the rational application of fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise the following steps:
The first step, selects plot;
Selecting soil nutrient content is alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20～42mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.3～12.4mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 84～110mg/kg;
Second step, for plot fertility characteristics, carries out rational application of fertilizers;
Mu organic fertilizer 2000kg, pure nutrient N:5.6kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:2kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Comprise and water vola moisture in the soil water, in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select No. 16, No. 9, elm list or Shen Dan;
2) sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: sow in late April to late May according to soil moisture content;
3) rational close planting: adopt wide-narrow row planting mode; Wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row, apart from 40 ㎝ outdoor sowings, is broadcast rear a kind of farm tools and is received moisture in the soil, and mu stays seedling 2500～3000 strains;
The 5th step, field management;
1) put seedling, thinning, final singling, tiller: after planting check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling during 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time;
2) intertillage of pouring water: intertill according to soil compaction and weeds situation, keep loosing soil, topdress and earth up in time according to rainfall;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat in time while finding mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite;
4) results: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, when milk-line disappears to 2/3 place, gathers in the crops.
The fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, urea 18kg, superphosphate 38kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
The fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, urea 14kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
The fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, corn fertilizer 50kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=17:10:8; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
In the 3rd described step, poison bait is mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
Step 3 in the 5th described step) control mythimna separata adopts pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva adopts Furadan particle 1g/ strain top to throw the heart; Control two spotted spider mite adopts sweeps the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, in the ratio of 1:1:1500, mixes, and sprays.
Compared with prior art, the present invention, in conjunction with the nutrient uptake feature of spring corn, according to soil supplying nutrient capability and yield target, determines the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause.By nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, join and execute, be organicly combined with inorganic phase, adopt rational close planting, and carry out the later stage put seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertillage etc., improve utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby effectively increase loessal soil Spring Corn Yield, reach high-yield and high-efficiency.By production application, record, adopt cultivation method of the present invention, the output of high fertility loessal soil spring corn reaches 500kg/ mu, and the present invention can greatly improve the per mu yield level of loessal soil plot spring corn, has huge economy and social value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
1, select plot: select soil nutrient containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20～42mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.3～12.4mg/kg, the Gullied, hills of available potassium 84～110mg/kg (ditch platform, bar, ground, dam and terraced fields).
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 2000kg, pure nutrient N:5.6kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:2kg;
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, urea 18kg, superphosphate 38kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select No. 16, No. 9, crossbreed elm list or Shen Dan.
2. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: begin sowing in good time according to soil moisture content, be advisable with late April, sowed complete before May 20.
3. rational close planting:, broadcast rear a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil according to wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, the 40 ㎝ outdoor sowings of narrow row distance with hill-drop planter, mu stays seedling 2500-3000 strain.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, go evil: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling during 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time.
2. intertill and clean tillage, ridging: how many according to soil compaction situation and weeds, determine intertillage number of times, generally should intertill 2-3 time, keep loosing soil, in conjunction with rainfall, topdress and earth up in time.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, when milk-line disappears to 2/3 place, can gather in the crops, and advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 2:
1, select plot: select soil nutrient containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20～42mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.3～12.4mg/kg, the Gullied, hills of available potassium 84～110mg/kg (ditch platform, bar, ground, dam and terraced fields).
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 2000kg, pure nutrient N:5.6kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:2kg;
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, urea 14kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg) in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select No. 16, No. 9, crossbreed elm list or Shen Dan.
2. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: begin sowing in good time according to soil moisture content, be advisable with late April, sowed complete before May 20.
3. rational close planting:, broadcast rear a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil according to wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, the 40 ㎝ outdoor sowings of narrow row distance with hill-drop planter, mu stays seedling 2500-3000 strain.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, go evil: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling during 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time.
2. intertill and clean tillage, ridging: how many according to soil compaction situation and weeds, determine intertillage number of times, generally should intertill 2-3 time, keep loosing soil, in conjunction with rainfall, topdress and earth up in time.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, when milk-line disappears to 2/3 place, can gather in the crops, and advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
Embodiment 3:
1, select plot: for loessal soil, select soil nutrient containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20～42mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.3～12.4mg/kg, the Gullied, hills of available potassium 84～110mg/kg (ditch platform, bar, ground, dam and terraced fields).
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 2000kg, pure nutrient N:5.6kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:2kg;
Fertilizing method: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, corn fertilizer (N:P
2o
5: K
2o=17:10:8) 50kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
3, meticulous whole ground: water vola moisture in the soil water, in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg), plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select No. 16, No. 9, crossbreed elm list or Shen Dan.
2. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: begin sowing in good time according to soil moisture content, be advisable with late April, sowed complete before May 20.
3. rational close planting:, broadcast rear a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil according to wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, the 40 ㎝ outdoor sowings of narrow row distance with hill-drop planter, mu stays seedling 2500-3000 strain.
5, final-period management:
1. put in time seedling, thinning, final singling, go evil: within after planting 7-10 days, check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling during 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time.
2. intertill and clean tillage, ridging: how many according to soil compaction situation and weeds, determine intertillage number of times, generally should intertill 2-3 time, keep loosing soil, in conjunction with rainfall, topdress and earth up in time.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the common insect pests such as attention control mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, prevent and treat in time while finding insect pest situation.Control mythimna separata can be used pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva can be thrown the heart with Furadan particle 1g/ strain top; Control two spotted spider mite, with sweeping the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, mixes in the ratio of 1:1:1500, sprays.
4. gather in the crops: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, when milk-line disappears to 2/3 place, can gather in the crops, and advocates suitably late receipts, to improve output in good time.
The present invention is in conjunction with the nutrient uptake feature of spring corn, according to loessal soil feeder capability and yield target, determine the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause, is joined and is executed by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, is organicly combined with inorganic phase, adopt rational close planting, and carry out the later stage put seedling, thinning, final singling, topdress, intertillage etc., improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reach high yield, abridged edition, object efficiently.
Claims (6)
1. a cultivation method that improves loessal soil Spring Corn Yield, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The first step, selects plot;
Selecting soil nutrient content is alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 20～42mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.3～12.4mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 84～110mg/kg;
Second step, for plot fertility characteristics, carries out rational application of fertilizers;
Mu organic fertilizer 2000kg, pure nutrient N:5.6kg, P
2o
5: 1.8kg, K
2o:2kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Comprise and water vola moisture in the soil water, in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait, plough deeply 20～25 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, remove previous crops root stubble and residual film;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select No. 16, No. 9, elm list or Shen Dan;
2) sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: sow in late April to late May according to soil moisture content;
3) rational close planting: adopt wide-narrow row planting mode; Wide line-spacing 80 ㎝, narrow row, apart from 40 ㎝ outdoor sowings, is broadcast rear a kind of farm tools and is received moisture in the soil, and mu stays seedling 2500～3000 strains;
The 5th step, field management;
1) put seedling, thinning, final singling, tiller: after planting check at any time the situation of emerging, in time seedling is emitted outside film; Seedling grows to the thinning of 3-4 leaf; Final singling during 5-6 leaf; Discovery is tillered and is removed in time;
2) intertillage of pouring water: intertill according to soil compaction and weeds situation, keep loosing soil, topdress and earth up in time according to rainfall;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat in time while finding mythimna separata, corn borer, two spotted spider mite;
4) results: when the flavescence of bag leaf, seed hardening, when milk-line disappears to 2/3 place, gathers in the crops.
2. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, urea 18kg, superphosphate 38kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
3. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, urea 14kg, potassium chloride 8kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
4. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting in described second step is: mu bottom application fertilizer 2000kg, corn fertilizer 50kg, each 0.5kg of zinc boron fertilizer; Described corn fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=17:10:8; Residue nitrogenous fertilizer is met the rain urea 12kg that spreads manuer in holes before and after wholeheartedly at 13 leaves.
5. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the 3rd described step, poison bait, for mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
6. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil Spring Corn Yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3 in the 5th described step) control mythimna separata adopts pyrethrin pesticide; Control of maize snout moth's larva adopts Furadan particle 1g/ strain top to throw the heart; Control two spotted spider mite adopts sweeps the clean 2000 times of liquid of mite or 20% omethoate emulsifiable solution, trichlorine acarid missible oil and water, in the ratio of 1:1:1500, mixes, and sprays.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104303807A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-28 | 黄全 | High-yield corn planting technology |
| CN104350930A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat |
| CN104541884A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 石河子大学 | Large-area high-output cultivation method of dripping-irrigating spring corns of northern Xinjiang area |
| CN109924078A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-25 | 王忠方 | Beautiful heartily 189 high-yield corn series of products and precisely mating planting technology |
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| CN102119602A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-07-13 | 招远市农业技术推广中心 | Maize soil testing fertilization method |
| CN102550269A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-11 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-preserving simple cultivation method for cross slope strip type inter-cultivation |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104303807A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-28 | 黄全 | High-yield corn planting technology |
| CN104350930A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat |
| CN104541884A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 石河子大学 | Large-area high-output cultivation method of dripping-irrigating spring corns of northern Xinjiang area |
| CN109924078A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-25 | 王忠方 | Beautiful heartily 189 high-yield corn series of products and precisely mating planting technology |
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Application publication date: 20140820 |