CN109511343A - A kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice, is related to a kind of Rice Cropping technical field of cultivation.The invention is the following steps are included: breeding-nursery and seedbed select-sows-seedling management-rice transplanting-fertilising-irrigation-prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention can enhance paddy cool injury ability, realize the stable and high yields of Rice Production, efficient cultivation technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rice Cropping technical field of cultivation, more particularly to a kind of cultivation side of cold-resistant high-yield rice
Method.
Background technique
By the end of 2000, at least 114, whole world country's production rice, total cultivated area had reached 15.4 hundred million public affairs
Hectare.Wherein annual planting area is more than that 1,000,000 hectares of country has China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh
State, Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippine, Nigeria, Brazil and the U.S..
China is that maximum Rice Production state, long-term paddy total output account for about the 32%- of world's paddy total output in the world
35% (Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area of India is maximum, but per unit area yield is lower, therefore total yield is not as good as China).China is also Asia rice yield
One of highest country, average per unit area yield are only second to South Korea and Japan, occupy third position.
Rice is important one of the cereal crops in China, and area and per unit area yield all occupy first place in the world.The whole nation has 60% or more
Population is using rice as staple food.It has the characteristics such as commodity rate, business efficiency and nutritive value and stable high yield, the deep blueness by peasant
It looks at.China is directly related to the health of national physique, especially Northeast Regional as large agricultural country, the yield and quality of rice,
It is very large in area and thickly populated, belong to cold rice workspace, Rice Production also frequently suffers from obstacle in addition to damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature influence by retardance to some extent
The influence that property damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, strong influence yield and quality.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the shortcomings existing in the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice, makes
It can enhance paddy cool injury ability, realize the stable and high yields of Rice Production, efficient cultivation technique.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice, wherein including following step
It is rapid:
S10, breeding: using the wild goose agriculture S of the anti-temperature sensitive sterile gene of carrying as donor parents, and meanwhile it is excellent with Comprehensive Traits
Cold ground japonica rice R1 carries out back cross breeding as recurrent parent, cultivates the anti-temp-sensing sterile line R1S for obtaining retaining R1 fundamental characteristics；With
For R1S as female parent, while using the excellent cold ground japonica rice R2 of Comprehensive Traits as male parent, cross combination is matched in a large amount of sides, obtains R1S/R2；
It is control with same ecological zone novel wheat cultivars, evaluates the Comprehensive Traits of R1S/R2, cold ground Japonica Hybrid is obtained after screening；
Select to S20, nursery and seedbed
S201, nursery form
Using upper ventilation open and close type vegetable garden Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field；
Select and do bed to S202, seedling
Select close to water source, soil property is fertile, topography is high and dry, on the sunny side it is leeward, do seedling without fields saline and alkaline, without disease pest weeds
Bed ground, it is desirable that the long 10-15cm in seedbed, width 1.8m, high 0.1m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, generally Honda needs rice seedling bed area 10m2 per acre；
S203, nutritive soil preparation and application
To prepare enough Nutrition Soils rich in organic matter and meta-acid before nursery, it is desirable that the pH value of bed soil is 4.5-5.5, has
Machine matter is in 4% or more, speed N150-200mg.kg-1, speed P20-40mg.kg-1, speed K150-200mg.kg-1, the soil weight 1.1
Left and right, the general seedbed 15m2 needs Nutrition Soil 500kg or so, Nutrition Soil ingredient and proportion: garden loam 1. without saline and alkaline no grass-seed or
Dry land soil, accounts for the 50% of Nutrition Soil, and 2. high-quality decomposed barnyard manure excessively, accounts for the 40% of Nutrition Soil, 3. high-quality turf accounts for Nutrition Soil
10%, 4. rice seedling-growth soil regulator accounts for the 0.5% of Nutrition Soil, after four kinds of ingredients are sieved respectively, mixes in proportion；
After seedbed is smooth, bed woven bag is set, does not have a square metre uniform paving to apply Nutrition Soil 30-40kg, about 3cm on woven bag
Then thickness is poured water, make it is waterborne to bed surface, current water have to pour it is even irrigate, otherwise will cause uneven emergence；
S30, sowing
S301, date of seeding
Middle-late ripening variety is sowed in 3 the end of month to early April；Medium variety in mid-April sow, early-maturing variety in 4 below the moon
The sowing of the first tenday period of a month in ten days to May, the date of seeding without vernalization, do sth. in advance 3d~4d；
S302, application rate
Bed surface sowing, artificial hand rice transplanting do kind of every m2 with dry kind of 175g~200g；Plate seedling raising, artificial hand rice transplanting, every disk are dry
Kind 60g~80g, the every disk 100g~120g of transplanting；The every disk 70g~80g of rice transplanting；
S303, type of seeding
Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field, bed surface will use sufficient base fertilizer, and use prepared Nutrition Soil and strong seedling agent is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly, broadcast
It is sprinkled profoundly water before kind, after planting carries out earthing；Strong seedling agent must not contain the plant growth regulator such as cycocel；
The every disk of plate seedling raising gets 3.5kg~4kg Nutrition Soil ready and strong seedling agent mixes, and every m2 puts 6 disk of seedling disk；It is sowed, is adopted
Secondary seeding method is taken, is broadcasted sowing uniformly；Thickness of earth covering 0.5cm~1.0cm；Mixture, which is flutterred, with fourth carries out bed surface closing, dosage 22.5m2/
Bag；Then insert rack epiphragma；
S40, seedling management
Early period to keep the temperature, moisturizing attach most importance to, emergence such as bed soil water shortage, should pour a blue or green head water, white sprouting stage is cut when seeing blue or green head
It can not pour water；Entire nursery period adheres to " three controls ": temperature control is kept for 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, prevented after mid-term high temperature cause excessive growth and
It burns；Water is controlled, adequate moisture in bed is kept, soil moisture content is the 85%~95% of field capacity, is at least not less than 65%；
Nitrogen is controlled, unsuitable more nitrogen fertilizer applications will use sufficient phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer；Middle and later periods such as rice shoot leaf color are yellowish, every m2 add ammonium sulfate 30g~
50g, hardening of divulging information in time, 5d~7d before transplanting want Controlled irrigation, restrain the growth of seedlings, root system is promoted newly to strengthen；
S50, rice transplanting
S501, rice transplanting method: manually and machine rice transplantation which kind of method no matter can be taken, with north-south or southwest-east
Northern row is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light to most ideal, the efficiency of light energy utilization is improved, while water temperature and the soil moisture can be improved, to improve
Paddy ecosystem integrally resists the ability of cold damage；
S502, density of transplants: region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, and the sand of region of no relief is thin
Ground, cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, small line-spacing 30cm,
Spacing in the rows 20cm, the general distance between rows and hills of upper level sand unfertile land and mountain area are 30*20cm, and high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills is advisable with 30*13.3cm
Or distance between rows and hills is 30*20cm；
S60, fertilising
S601, principle: adhere to that based on base manure, base manure is in conjunction with top dressing；In base manure based on organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer with it is inorganic
Fertilizer combines, and effect has both with quick-acting late.Based on chemical fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is combined for top dressing；Based on later period foliage top dressing, a variety of liquid fertilizer sprays
Prevention and treatment disease pest medical fluid is granted to combine；
S602, dose: should be according to local soil fertility, combination, current year meteorological condition, production target and economic condition etc.
It is determined after comprehensive analysis, in the general per mu yield 650kg of medium fertility field, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, thiamines need to be applied
70kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 12.5kg, siliceous fertilizer 30-40kg, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg；
S603, fertilizing method
Phosphate fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer can be used and make base fertilizer, holostrome applies in conjunction with raking the soil level, remaining 50% can divide
Fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer impose, specific method: base fertilizer, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, mark nitrogen 20kg, diamines 10kg, potash fertilizer 5kg or mu
Composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 50-70kg is applied, combines rotary tillage apply deeply after spreading fertilizer over the fields, nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 30% of nitrogen pool or so；Top dressing, point
Fetilizer for tillering is generally transplanted after a week, imposes mark nitrogen 15-17.5kg, the 25% of the total dose of Zhan, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg per acre；Protect fetilizer for tillering one
As 15-20 days June, mu applies mark nitrogen 10kg, and the total dose of Zhan obtains 15% or so, in maximum tillering stage mu potassium application 5kg, adjustment
The application of fertilizer is due to soil fertility unevenness, and ground is uneven, and rice growth is irregular, three classes seedling occurs, before and after July 5, is mended per acre
Mark nitrogen 5kg is applied, application ear manuer is had to for the combination of small ear type and is gone out before fringe 25 days or so (branch stalk breaks up), 10-20 days July,
Mu, which is applied, marks nitrogen 10kg, and 15% or so of the total dose of Zhan, control ear manuer is then had to for large spike hybrid paddy rice；The application of granulated fertilizer
It is applied in rice full heading time, mu applies mark nitrogen 6-7kg, accounts for about the 10% of total dose, if Japonica Hybrid leaf color is dark green, grows numerous
Cyclopentadienyl, or rainy days is more at this time, sunshine is insufficient, and temperature is again relatively low, and granulated fertilizer Shaoshi or can not be applied, and otherwise can lead to false smut and rice blast
Disease occurs heavier；Foliage top dressing, rice milking stage initial stage use urea 1kg that potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150g is added to spray water 50kg per acre
Mist can promote the formation of rice crown root and floating root, be conducive to the vigor for enhancing root system, to setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel is increased, improve
Yield has great importance；
S70, irrigation
With Water-saving Irrigation Model, the time of infertility adheres to that shallow, wet, dry alternate intermittent is irrigated, index request of pouring water: filling every time
Water depth is no more than 5cm；After water layer disappears, 80%~85%, Ying Jinhang of soil water content up to field capacity pours water；From
It pours water to next time and pours water for the first time, by shallowly to wet, by wet to doing, rear water loses preceding water, cycle alternation, intermittent water application；Salt-soda soil
Area, rice Feng Hangqian should be based on shallow, middle and later periods shallowly wet combination；When a single storm reaches 20mm, reduction is once poured water；
S80, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
S801, prevention and treatment rice disease: rice disease has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping-off, uses in prevention and treatment
Preferable medicament is fungus poison star, and hectare dosage 375ml is watered 3000 times of foliar sprays, sprays in boot stage 1 time；
S802, prevention and treatment rice insect pest: main rice insect pest has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or Hydrellia griseola,
It is got profit in pest control using biological pesticide Soviet Union, hectare dosage 6000ml is watered 200 times, in foliar spray；
S803, prevention and treatment rice crop smothering: paddy land weed group is mostly grass family, sedge weed and broadleaf weeds and deposits, one
A little chemical pesticide preventive effects are bad and seriously affect rice quality, therefore the hectare dosage in Honda barnyard grass 1-2 leaf, convexutricle sedge herb 30cm high
It is spraying that 900g is watered 750kg.
Preferably, in S10, the Comprehensive Traits include but is not limited to yield, cold resistance, disease resistance and meter Zhi Zhong
One or more of them, the wild goose agriculture S are indica cms line, and the cold ground japonica rice R1 is no loadtransformer, and the cold ground japonica rice R2 is
Imperial round-grained rice 31, the same ecological zone novel wheat cultivars are imperial rice 5.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
It damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and the dyskinetic pests occurrence rule damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and Rice Production is caused the present invention is based on the cold rice region retardance
Influence crossed wild boar is taken according to the owned adverse-resistant characteristic of rice, extraneous control technique measure is made for cold rice
The rice in area builds good conditions of growth and development, promotes its growth and development, makes it have stronger cold tolerance, realizes rice
Stable and high yields, efficient cultivation technique.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below with reference to example
It is further described, but example is not as a limitation of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention
A kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice, wherein the following steps are included:
S10, breeding: using the wild goose agriculture S of the anti-temperature sensitive sterile gene of carrying as donor parents, and meanwhile it is excellent with Comprehensive Traits
Cold ground japonica rice R1 carries out back cross breeding as recurrent parent, cultivates the anti-temp-sensing sterile line R1S for obtaining retaining R1 fundamental characteristics；With
For R1S as female parent, while using the excellent cold ground japonica rice R2 of Comprehensive Traits as male parent, cross combination is matched in a large amount of sides, obtains R1S/R2；
It is control with same ecological zone novel wheat cultivars, evaluates the Comprehensive Traits of R1S/R2, cold ground Japonica Hybrid is obtained after screening；
Select to S20, nursery and seedbed
S201, nursery form
Using upper ventilation open and close type vegetable garden Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field；
Select and do bed to S202, seedling
Select close to water source, soil property is fertile, topography is high and dry, on the sunny side it is leeward, do seedling without fields saline and alkaline, without disease pest weeds
Bed ground, it is desirable that the long 10-15cm in seedbed, width 1.8m, high 0.1m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, generally Honda needs rice seedling bed area 10m2 per acre；
S203, nutritive soil preparation and application
To prepare enough Nutrition Soils rich in organic matter and meta-acid before nursery, it is desirable that the pH value of bed soil is 4.5-5.5, has
Machine matter is in 4% or more, speed N150-200mg.kg-1, speed P20-40mg.kg-1, speed K150-200mg.kg-1, the soil weight 1.1
Left and right, the general seedbed 15m2 needs Nutrition Soil 500kg or so, Nutrition Soil ingredient and proportion: garden loam 1. without saline and alkaline no grass-seed or
Dry land soil, accounts for the 50% of Nutrition Soil, and 2. high-quality decomposed barnyard manure excessively, accounts for the 40% of Nutrition Soil, 3. high-quality turf accounts for Nutrition Soil
10%, 4. rice seedling-growth soil regulator accounts for the 0.5% of Nutrition Soil, after four kinds of ingredients are sieved respectively, mixes in proportion；
After seedbed is smooth, bed woven bag is set, does not have a square metre uniform paving to apply Nutrition Soil 30-40kg, about 3cm on woven bag
Then thickness is poured water, make it is waterborne to bed surface, current water have to pour it is even irrigate, otherwise will cause uneven emergence；
S30, sowing
S301, date of seeding
Middle-late ripening variety is sowed in 3 the end of month to early April；Medium variety in mid-April sow, early-maturing variety in 4 below the moon
The sowing of the first tenday period of a month in ten days to May, the date of seeding without vernalization, do sth. in advance 3d~4d；
S302, application rate
Bed surface sowing, artificial hand rice transplanting do kind of every m2 with dry kind of 175g~200g；Plate seedling raising, artificial hand rice transplanting, every disk are dry
Kind 60g~80g, the every disk 100g~120g of transplanting；The every disk 70g~80g of rice transplanting；
S303, type of seeding
Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field, bed surface will use sufficient base fertilizer, and use prepared Nutrition Soil and strong seedling agent is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly, broadcast
It is sprinkled profoundly water before kind, after planting carries out earthing；Strong seedling agent must not contain the plant growth regulator such as cycocel；
The every disk of plate seedling raising gets 3.5kg~4kg Nutrition Soil ready and strong seedling agent mixes, and every m2 puts 6 disk of seedling disk；It is sowed, is adopted
Secondary seeding method is taken, is broadcasted sowing uniformly；Thickness of earth covering 0.5cm~1.0cm；Mixture, which is flutterred, with fourth carries out bed surface closing, dosage 22.5m2/
Bag；Then insert rack epiphragma；
S40, seedling management
Early period to keep the temperature, moisturizing attach most importance to, emergence such as bed soil water shortage, should pour a blue or green head water, white sprouting stage is cut when seeing blue or green head
It can not pour water；Entire nursery period adheres to " three controls ": temperature control is kept for 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, prevented after mid-term high temperature cause excessive growth and
It burns；Water is controlled, adequate moisture in bed is kept, soil moisture content is the 85%~95% of field capacity, is at least not less than 65%；
Nitrogen is controlled, unsuitable more nitrogen fertilizer applications will use sufficient phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer；Middle and later periods such as rice shoot leaf color are yellowish, every m2 add ammonium sulfate 30g~
50g, hardening of divulging information in time, 5d~7d before transplanting want Controlled irrigation, restrain the growth of seedlings, root system is promoted newly to strengthen；
S50, rice transplanting
S501, rice transplanting method: manually and machine rice transplantation which kind of method no matter can be taken, with north-south or southwest-east
Northern row is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light to most ideal, the efficiency of light energy utilization is improved, while water temperature and the soil moisture can be improved, to improve
Paddy ecosystem integrally resists the ability of cold damage；
S502, density of transplants: region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, and the sand of region of no relief is thin
Ground, cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, small line-spacing 30cm,
Spacing in the rows 20cm, the general distance between rows and hills of upper level sand unfertile land and mountain area are 30*20cm, and high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills is advisable with 30*13.3cm
Or distance between rows and hills is 30*20cm；
S60, fertilising
S601, principle: adhere to that based on base manure, base manure is in conjunction with top dressing；In base manure based on organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer with it is inorganic
Fertilizer combines, and effect has both with quick-acting late.Based on chemical fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is combined for top dressing；Based on later period foliage top dressing, a variety of liquid fertilizer sprays
Prevention and treatment disease pest medical fluid is granted to combine；
S602, dose: should be according to local soil fertility, combination, current year meteorological condition, production target and economic condition etc.
It is determined after comprehensive analysis, in the general per mu yield 650kg of medium fertility field, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, thiamines need to be applied
70kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 12.5kg, siliceous fertilizer 30-40kg, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg；
S603, fertilizing method
Phosphate fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer can be used and make base fertilizer, holostrome applies in conjunction with raking the soil level, remaining 50% can divide
Fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer impose, specific method: base fertilizer, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, mark nitrogen 20kg, diamines 10kg, potash fertilizer 5kg or mu
Composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 50-70kg is applied, combines rotary tillage apply deeply after spreading fertilizer over the fields, nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 30% of nitrogen pool or so；Top dressing, point
Fetilizer for tillering is generally transplanted after a week, imposes mark nitrogen 15-17.5kg, the 25% of the total dose of Zhan, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg per acre；Protect fetilizer for tillering one
As 15-20 days June, mu applies mark nitrogen 10kg, and the total dose of Zhan obtains 15% or so, in maximum tillering stage mu potassium application 5kg, adjustment
The application of fertilizer is due to soil fertility unevenness, and ground is uneven, and rice growth is irregular, three classes seedling occurs, before and after July 5, is mended per acre
Mark nitrogen 5kg is applied, application ear manuer is had to for the combination of small ear type and is gone out before fringe 25 days or so (branch stalk breaks up), 10-20 days July,
Mu, which is applied, marks nitrogen 10kg, and 15% or so of the total dose of Zhan, control ear manuer is then had to for large spike hybrid paddy rice；The application of granulated fertilizer
It is applied in rice full heading time, mu applies mark nitrogen 6-7kg, accounts for about the 10% of total dose, if Japonica Hybrid leaf color is dark green, grows numerous
Cyclopentadienyl, or rainy days is more at this time, sunshine is insufficient, and temperature is again relatively low, and granulated fertilizer Shaoshi or can not be applied, and otherwise can lead to false smut and rice blast
Disease occurs heavier；Foliage top dressing, rice milking stage initial stage use urea 1kg that potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150g is added to spray water 50kg per acre
Mist can promote the formation of rice crown root and floating root, be conducive to the vigor for enhancing root system, to setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel is increased, improve
Yield has great importance；
S70, irrigation
With Water-saving Irrigation Model, the time of infertility adheres to that shallow, wet, dry alternate intermittent is irrigated, index request of pouring water: filling every time
Water depth is no more than 5cm；After water layer disappears, 80%~85%, Ying Jinhang of soil water content up to field capacity pours water；From
It pours water to next time and pours water for the first time, by shallowly to wet, by wet to doing, rear water loses preceding water, cycle alternation, intermittent water application；Salt-soda soil
Area, rice Feng Hangqian should be based on shallow, middle and later periods shallowly wet combination；When a single storm reaches 20mm, reduction is once poured water；
S80, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
S801, prevention and treatment rice disease: rice disease has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping-off, uses in prevention and treatment
Preferable medicament is fungus poison star, and hectare dosage 375ml is watered 3000 times of foliar sprays, sprays in boot stage 1 time；
S802, prevention and treatment rice insect pest: main rice insect pest has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or Hydrellia griseola,
It is got profit in pest control using biological pesticide Soviet Union, hectare dosage 6000ml is watered 200 times, in foliar spray；
S803, prevention and treatment rice crop smothering: paddy land weed group is mostly grass family, sedge weed and broadleaf weeds and deposits, one
A little chemical pesticide preventive effects are bad and seriously affect rice quality, therefore the hectare dosage in Honda barnyard grass 1-2 leaf, convexutricle sedge herb 30cm high
It is spraying that 900g is watered 750kg.
In S10, Comprehensive Traits include but is not limited to yield, cold resistance, disease resistance and meter Zhi Zhong one of which or
A variety of, wild goose agriculture S is indica cms line, and the ground japonica rice R1 that trembles with fear is no loadtransformer, and the ground japonica rice R2 that trembles with fear is imperial round-grained rice 31, is tried with ecological zone area
Kind is imperial rice 5.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of cultural method of cold-resistant high-yield rice, which comprises the following steps:
S10, breeding: to carry the wild goose agriculture S of anti-temperature sensitive sterile gene as donor parents, while with Comprehensive Traits it is excellent coldly
Japonica rice R1 carries out back cross breeding as recurrent parent, cultivates the anti-temp-sensing sterile line R1S for obtaining retaining R1 fundamental characteristics；With R1S
As female parent, while using the excellent cold ground japonica rice R2 of Comprehensive Traits as male parent, cross combination is matched in a large amount of sides, obtains R1S/R2；With
It is control with ecological zone novel wheat cultivars, evaluates the Comprehensive Traits of R1S/R2, cold ground Japonica Hybrid is obtained after screening；
Select to S20, nursery and seedbed
S201, nursery form
Using upper ventilation open and close type vegetable garden Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field；
Select and do bed to S202, seedling
Select close to water source, soil property is fertile, topography is high and dry, on the sunny side it is leeward, do seedbed without fields saline and alkaline, without disease pest weeds
Ground, it is desirable that the long 10-15cm in seedbed, width 1.8m, high 0.1m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, generally Honda needs rice seedling bed area 10m2 per acre；
S203, nutritive soil preparation and application
To prepare enough Nutrition Soils rich in organic matter and meta-acid before nursery, it is desirable that the pH value of bed soil is 4.5-5.5, organic matter
It is left in 4% or more, speed N150-200mg.kg-1, speed P20-40mg.kg-1, speed K150-200mg.kg-1, the soil weight 1.1
The right side, the general seedbed 15m2 need Nutrition Soil 500kg or so, Nutrition Soil ingredient and proportion: garden loam or drought 1. without saline and alkaline no grass-seed
Field soil, accounts for the 50% of Nutrition Soil, and 2. high-quality decomposed barnyard manure excessively, accounts for the 40% of Nutrition Soil, 3. high-quality turf accounts for Nutrition Soil
10%, 4. rice seedling-growth soil regulator accounts for the 0.5% of Nutrition Soil, after four kinds of ingredients are sieved respectively, mixes in proportion；
After seedbed is smooth, bed woven bag is set, does not have a square metre uniform paving to apply Nutrition Soil 30-40kg on woven bag, about 3cm is thick,
Then pour water, make it is waterborne to bed surface, current water have to pour it is even irrigate, otherwise will cause uneven emergence；
S30, sowing
S301, date of seeding
Middle-late ripening variety is sowed in 3 the end of month to early April；Medium variety is sowed mid-April, and early-maturing variety is in late April to 5
The sowing of the first tenday period of a month moon, the date of seeding without vernalization, do sth. in advance 3d~4d；
S302, application rate
Bed surface sowing, artificial hand rice transplanting do kind of every m2 with dry kind of 175g~200g；Plate seedling raising, artificial hand rice transplanting, dry kind of every disk
60g~80g, the every disk 100g~120g of transplanting；The every disk 70g~80g of rice transplanting；
S303, type of seeding
Nutrition Soil rice seedling on upland field, bed surface will use sufficient base fertilizer, and use prepared Nutrition Soil and strong seedling agent is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly, prior to seeding
It sprinkles profoundly water, after planting carries out earthing；Strong seedling agent must not contain the plant growth regulator such as cycocel；
The every disk of plate seedling raising gets 3.5kg~4kg Nutrition Soil ready and strong seedling agent mixes, and every m2 puts 6 disk of seedling disk；It is sowed, takes two
Secondary seeding method broadcasts sowing uniformly；Thickness of earth covering 0.5cm~1.0cm；Mixture, which is flutterred, with fourth carries out bed surface closing, 22.5m2/ bags of dosage；
Then insert rack epiphragma；
S40, seedling management
Early period to keep the temperature, moisturizing attach most importance to, emergence such as bed soil water shortage, should pour a blue or green head water, white sprouting stage can't when seeing blue or green head
It pours water；Entire nursery period adheres to " three controls ": temperature control is kept for 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, and mid-term prevents high temperature from causing excessive growth and burning later；
Water is controlled, adequate moisture in bed is kept, soil moisture content is the 85%~95% of field capacity, is at least not less than 65%；Nitrogen is controlled,
Unsuitable more nitrogen fertilizer applications, will use sufficient phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer；Middle and later periods such as rice shoot leaf color are yellowish, and every m2 adds ammonium sulfate 30g~50g, and
Shi Tongfeng hardening, 5d~7d before transplanting, Controlled irrigation, restrains the growth of seedlings, root system is promoted newly to strengthen；
S50, rice transplanting
S501, rice transplanting method: manually and machine rice transplantation which kind of method no matter can be taken, with north-south or southwest-northeast row
To most ideal, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, the efficiency of light energy utilization improved, while water temperature and the soil moisture can be improved, to improve rice field
The ecosystem integrally resists the ability of cold damage；
S502, density of transplants: region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, the husky unfertile land of region of no relief,
Cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, small line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, small line-spacing 30cm, strain
Away from 20cm, the general distance between rows and hills of upper level sand unfertile land and mountain area be 30*20cm, high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills be advisable with 30*13.3cm or
Distance between rows and hills is 30*20cm；
S60, fertilising
S601, principle: adhere to that based on base manure, base manure is in conjunction with top dressing；In base manure based on organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer knot
It closes, effect has both with quick-acting late.Based on chemical fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is combined for top dressing；Based on later period foliage top dressing, a variety of liquid fertilizers spray with
Prevention and treatment disease pest medical fluid combines；
S602, dose: should be comprehensive according to local soil fertility, combination, current year meteorological condition, production target and economic condition etc.
It is determined after analysis, in the general per mu yield 650kg of medium fertility field, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, thiamines 70kg, phosphorus need to be applied
Sour diammonium 10kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 12.5kg, siliceous fertilizer 30-40kg, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg；
S603, fertilizing method
Phosphate fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and 50% potash fertilizer can be used and make base fertilizer, holostrome applies in conjunction with raking the soil level, remaining 50% can do tillering fertilizer
Impose with ear manuer, specific method: base fertilizer, farmyard manure 2000-2500kg, mark nitrogen 20kg, diamines 10kg, potash fertilizer 5kg or mu have been applied
Machine inorganic composite fertilizer 50-70kg combines rotary tillage apply deeply after spreading fertilizer over the fields, nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 30% of nitrogen pool or so；Top dressing, tillering fertilizer
General transplanting after a week, imposes mark nitrogen 15-17.5kg, the 25% of the total dose of Zhan, zinc fertilizer 1-2kg per acre；Fetilizer for tillering is protected generally 6
The 15-20 days moon, mu apply mark nitrogen 10kg, and the total dose of Zhan obtains 15% or so, in maximum tillering stage mu potassium application 5kg, adjust fertilizer
Application is due to soil fertility unevenness, and ground is uneven, and rice growth is irregular, three classes seedling occurs, before and after July 5, adds mark per acre
Nitrogen 5kg has to application ear manuer for the combination of small ear type and goes out before fringe 25 days or so (branch stalk breaks up), and in 10-20 days July, mu is applied
Mark nitrogen 10kg, 15% or so of the total dose of Zhan, for large spike hybrid paddy rice then have to control ear manuer；The application of granulated fertilizer exists
The application of rice full heading time, mu applies mark nitrogen 6-7kg, accounts for about the 10% of total dose, if Japonica Hybrid leaf color is dark green, growth is in great numbers,
Or rainy days is more at this time, sunshine is insufficient, and temperature is again relatively low, and granulated fertilizer Shaoshi or can not be applied, and otherwise can lead to false smut and rice blast
Occur heavier；Foliage top dressing, rice milking stage initial stage use urea 1kg to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150g spraying to water 50kg per acre,
The formation that can promote rice crown root and floating root is conducive to the vigor for enhancing root system, to setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel is increased, improves yield
Have great importance；
S70, irrigation
With Water-saving Irrigation Model, the time of infertility adheres to that shallow, wet, dry alternate intermittent is irrigated, index request of pouring water: depth of pouring water every time
Degree is no more than 5cm；After water layer disappears, 80%~85%, Ying Jinhang of soil water content up to field capacity pours water；From first
Secondary pour water to next time is poured water, and by shallowly to wet, by wet to dry, rear water loses preceding water, cycle alternation, intermittent water application；Varieties in saline-alkali areas, water
Rice Feng Hangqian, should be based on shallow, middle and later periods shallowly wet combination；When a single storm reaches 20mm, reduction is once poured water；
S80, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
S801, prevention and treatment rice disease: rice disease has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping-off, and what is used in prevention and treatment is preferable
Medicament is fungus poison star, and hectare dosage 375ml is watered 3000 times of foliar sprays, is sprayed in boot stage 1 time；
S802, prevention and treatment rice insect pest: main rice insect pest has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or Hydrellia griseola, in insect pest
It is got profit in prevention and treatment using biological pesticide Soviet Union, hectare dosage 6000ml is watered 200 times, in foliar spray；
S803, prevention and treatment rice crop smothering: paddy land weed group is mostly grass family, sedge weed and broadleaf weeds and deposits, Yi Xiehua
Agricultural chemicals preventive effect is bad and seriously affects rice quality, therefore the hectare dosage 900g in Honda barnyard grass 1-2 leaf, convexutricle sedge herb 30cm high
It is spraying to be watered 750kg.
2. a kind of disease resisting rice implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S10, the Comprehensive Traits
The including but not limited to one or more of them of yield, cold resistance, disease resistance and meter Zhi Zhong, the wild goose agriculture S are indica type infertility
System, the cold ground japonica rice R1 are no loadtransformer, and the cold ground japonica rice R2 is imperial round-grained rice 31, and the same ecological zone novel wheat cultivars are dragon
Rice 5.
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| CN110933983A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-31 | 黑龙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Cultivation method for preventing cold damage of rice |
| CN113906883A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 海南大学 | Fertilizing method for nitrogen fertilizer of rice in hot area |
| CN114467663A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region |
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| CN113906883A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 海南大学 | Fertilizing method for nitrogen fertilizer of rice in hot area |
| CN114467663A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-13 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Production method of high-quality rice of rice in cold region |
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