CN107996326A - Sowing time, density management method and system in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation - Google Patents
Sowing time, density management method and system in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107996326A CN107996326A CN201810053566.9A CN201810053566A CN107996326A CN 107996326 A CN107996326 A CN 107996326A CN 201810053566 A CN201810053566 A CN 201810053566A CN 107996326 A CN107996326 A CN 107996326A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, disclose a kind of sowing time under early autumn non-irrigated condition in wheat cultivation, density management method and system, the sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation are analyzed from early autumn wheat growth stage, economical character, stem evil dynamic；At the same time from yield component：Effective fringe, grain number per spike, the Comprehensive Traits of mass of 1000 kernel are analyzed；Sowing time compared with the prior art (August September on the 20th 10 days between) (doing sth. in advance 30 40 days)；Wheat is emerged to jointing stage abundant rainfall, and boot stage, blooming stage stagger frosty weather, and being in the milk to the maturity period, it is ripe to avoid high temperature from forcing；Density is between 20 25 ten thousand/mu.The present invention effectively improves effective fringe, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel etc., wheat yield of the yield apparently higher than the prior art with the conditions of by stem Cheng Suineng.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the sowing time in field of agricultural production technologies, more particularly to a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation, density pipe
Manage method and system.
Background technology
In mountain area, non-irrigated condition, meets wheat water content demand mainly by natural precipitation for Yunnan Wheat production more than 80%,
Produce that infrastructure is poor, and ability of resisting natural disasters is weak, Yunnan Winter-Spring drought, wheat mainly and Corn Rotation System, is broadcast at present
Kind of time, in process of production, seeding stage rainwater was heavier, and booting florescence often meets low temperature frost in late October to early November
Freeze, later stage high temperature force it is ripe, therefore, about 140 kgs/acre of Yunnan Province's yield of wheat, well below average national level, in recent years,
With agriculture supply side structural adjustment, fresh edible maize, blue or green storage fodder maize are greatly developed, and the harvest climate and other natural phenomena of a season is done sth. in advance, and is planted for wheat
The adjustment of training system provides possibility, and development early autumn wheat is with as the important of solution south China low latitudes area of wheat dry farming volume increase
Measure, but the research and extension of early autumn wheat is at the early-stage, it is less to early autumn wheat research report.
In conclusion problem existing in the prior art is：
In the prior art, the wheat cultivation time is the period that annual rainfall is concentrated the most, and site preparation quality is difficult to reach requirement,
And sowing must be increased to ensure Basic Seedling, because soil moisture is overweight, seedling gesture is weak, tiller deficiency；Wheat seeding drops after entering the jointing stage
Rain is on the low side, and the field management measure such as top dressing can not be implemented, and booting florescence generally lies in annual temperature minimum period, is subject to
Freeze injury, the maturity period, mass of 1000 kernel reduced, maturation, product commodity are poor in advance under the double influence of high temperature and arid.
Problem existing in the prior art is the inevitable contradiction between specific weather conditions and working condition, only
According to Growth of Wheat process reasonable arrangement cropping system and administrative skill come adapt to specific climatic environment be solve the lance
The sole measure of shield.
The content of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides the sowing time in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation, density pipe
Manage method and system.By the management method of the present invention, the yield and quality of wheat in the region can be increased substantially, to promoting
Into grain security production with important meaning of getting bumper crops.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation sowing time, density management method, is that Southwestern China portion is low
The effective measures of yield and quality are improved by improving wheat cultivation management system and technical method in latitude mountain area.
In south China, low latitudes wheat class Dryland, sowing time, relatively tradition was planted at present between 20 days-September of August 10 days
Plant the time and do sth. in advance 30-40 days；Wheat is emerged to jointing stage abundant rainfall, and boot stage, blooming stage stagger frosty weather, grouting into
It is ripe that the ripe phase avoids high temperature from forcing.Between density domination ten thousand/mus of 20-25, more current traditional density increases by ten thousand seedlings of 5-10 per acre, can be effective
Improve effective fringe, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel and product quality etc., yield is apparently higher than the wheat prior art with the conditions of.
A kind of early autumn wheat cultivation sowing time, density management method, are to produce Dryland in Southwestern China portion wheat class, pass through
Two sowing time, planting density key factors are adjusted, realize that specific with the region weather and ecological environment match,
It is a kind of innovation in China's wheat cultivation so as to improve wheat yield and quality.
The sowing time specifically includes：
It will do sth. in advance 30-40 days sowing time, determine in August 20 days between September 10 days, making full use of the Southwestern China regional autumn
Rain thermal resource at the beginning of the last winter, realizes that Growth of Wheat process completes tiller during October, enters the jointing stage November, obtains most
Good group structure, completes booting grouting December, harvest at the beginning of mid-February to 3 months.This process makes the wheat cultivation seeding stage have suitably
Rainfall, obtains reasonable Basic Seedling, during late tillering state and boot stage are in most rainfalls, promotes wheat seedling growth and every management
The implementation of measure, obtains rational group structure, and boot stage misses low temperature in January, and the maturity period misses the high temperature and drought day of the 3-4 months
Gas, so as to achieve the purpose that to increase production stable yields.
Density management method includes：
In Southwestern China wheat dry-farming area, due to the weather of special Winter-Spring even drought, the wheat tillering percentage of earbearing tiller is weaker, is formed
The plumpness of seed is inadequate, influences yield and quality, by improving density, between density selects ten thousand/mus of 20-25, relatively passes at present
System density increases by ten thousand seedlings of 5-10 per acre, by stem Cheng Sui, not only improves effective fringe, grain number per spike, and can improve product quality.
Further, the sowing time in the early autumn wheat cultivation, density management method specifically include：
Using date of seeding and density as experimental factor, three levels are set respectively, date of seeding is respectively August 20, September 5 days, September 20
Day；Density is respectively mu Basic Seedling 150,000,200,000,250,000；Using orthogonal comprehensive test design method, totally 9 processing, 3 weights
Answer, totally 27 cells, plot area 6.6m2, surrounding, which is set, protects row, and 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of base fertilizer urea and tillering fertilizer urea are
It is disposable to apply；
Cultivation step is managed, including：Variety selection, seed treatment, calculate application rate, date of seeding, soil treatment and apply
Fertilizer management.
Further, the variety selection includes：
Selection early-maturing variety insensitive to illumination reaction and disease-resistant high yield；
The seed treatment includes：
Dress seed during sowing, dressed seed using triadimefon：50g triadimefons seed dressing 25kg, is sowed after mixing thoroughly.Or use more bacterium
Spirit seed dressing, adds water 5L with 70% carbendazol wettable powder 100g, mixes wheat seeds 50kg；
Or dressed seed using phoxim, mix wheat seeds 20kg with 50% phoxim 50g.
Further, the calculating application rate, including：
13~15 kilograms of application rate per acre, Basic Seedling 20~250,000；Calculating application rate formula is：
Further, date of seeding is August 20 days to September 10 days；
Soil treatment includes：
Qiu Mo, per acre with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40% Isofenphos methyl missible oil 0.3kg, adds water 1L~2L, mixes fine earth
Pesticide-clay mixture is made in 25kg, and ground is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields before plowing, and is ploughed under with plowing in soil.
Further, the fertilizing management includes：
Heavy base fertilizer application：Before deep ploughing before removing after stubble and weeds, 1500kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied in the ground, is applied per acre
Urea 10kg~15kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg~50kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground；
Applying seed manure：8kg~10kg urea is applied during sowing per acre in seed furrow；
Top dressing：After wheat emergence, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields pure urea 10kg~15kg after rainfall；
The outer spray fertilizer of root：After wheat flower, spray fertilizer outside root is carried out according to actual conditions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the sowing time in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation, density management system.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：
The present invention by being adjusted to two wheat cultivation time, planting density key factors, realize wheat give birth into
The law of needing the water of journey weather specific with the region and ecological environment match, and are that China is small so as to improve wheat yield and quality
A kind of innovation in wheat cultivation, is proved, amount of increase in production is up to 25%-33% by testing.Sowing time of the invention was in August 20 days -9
Between the moon 10, relatively traditional implantation time does sth. in advance 30-40 days at present；Wheat is emerged to jointing stage abundant rainfall, boot stage, flowering
Phase staggers frosty weather, and being in the milk to the maturity period, it is ripe to avoid high temperature from forcing.Between density domination ten thousand/mus of 20-25, more current traditional density
Increase by ten thousand seedlings of 5-10 per acre, can effectively improve effective fringe, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel and product quality etc., yield is apparently higher than same bar
The wheat prior art under part.
It is intended to make full use of the rain thermal resource in Southwestern China regional time of the year when autumn changes into winter, the wheat seeding stage is had suitable rainfall, obtain
Reasonable Basic Seedling, during late tillering state and boot stage be in most rainfalls, promotion wheat seedling growth and various management measures
To implement, obtain rational group structure, boot stage misses low temperature in January, and the maturity period misses the high temperature and drought weather of the 3-4 months, from
And achieve the purpose that to increase production stable yields, between density selects ten thousand/mus of 20-25, by stem Cheng Sui, not only improve effective fringe, fringe grain
Number, and product quality can be improved.
Suitable Southwestern China low latitudes dry farming wheat region of the invention is promoted, and area coverage is ten thousand mu more than 2000, it is not necessary to increases
Add production cost, beneficial to popularization, in addition, under the background of China's agricultural supply side structural adjustment, the preceding stubble as wheat is made
Thing corn, start to eat raw, it is blue or green store up feeding development, harvest time is done sth. in advance, and great space is provided for the development of early autumn wheat, logical
The application of the invention is crossed, this greatly improves the yield of wheat and quality in the region, has safely to grain-production highly important
Effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sowing time in early autumn wheat cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, density management method flow diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is sowing time in early autumn wheat cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, density management method, including：
S101：Using date of seeding and density as experimental factor, set three levels respectively, date of seeding is respectively August 20, September 5 days, 9
The moon 20；Density is respectively mu Basic Seedling 150,000,200,000,250,000；Using orthogonal comprehensive test design method, totally 9 are handled, and 3
Secondary repetition, totally 27 cells, plot area 6.6m2, surrounding, which is set, protects row, 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of base fertilizer urea and tillering fertilizer urea
It is disposable application；
S102：Cultivation step is managed, including：Variety selection, seed treatment, calculate application rate, date of seeding, soil treatment
And fertilizing management.
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
The index of 1 team innovation and structure of output
1.1 team innovation indexs
Mu Basic Seedling 20~250,000, tiller number is up to 50~600,000, and maturity period mu is into fringe 25~300,000.
1.2 structure of output indexs
Multi spike cultivar mu mature spike number 28~300,000, grain number per spike 30 or so, more than 35 grams of mass of 1000 kernel；Middle large-spike cultivar
Mu mature spike number 25~280,000, grain number per spike more than 35, more than 40 grams of mass of 1000 kernel.Target output：250-300 kilograms, actual production
Test statistics are up to 200 kilograms.
2 standardization seeding techniques
2.1 variety selection
Selection is suitable for precocity, the highly resistance spring varieties that early autumn is sowed by authorization.It is insensitive to illumination reaction and
The early-maturing variety of disease-resistant high yield.
2.2 seed quality
Seed quality should meet GB4404.1 two levels index defined above.
Seed purity >=99.0%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination percentage >=85%, moisture≤13.0%.
2.3 seed treatment
By seed dressing during sowing, can put on " the chemical armor " to seed, and pest and disease damage is difficult to be burdened with.1. triadimefon is dressed seed：50g
Triadimefon seed dressing 25kg, can sow after mixing thoroughly.Wheat rust, smut, powdery mildew etc. can effectively be prevented.2. carbendazim is mixed
Kind：Add water 5L with 70% carbendazol wettable powder 100g.Wheat seeds 50kg is mixed, wheat powdery mildew and smut etc. can be prevented.③
Phoxim is dressed seed：Wheat seeds 20kg is mixed with 50% phoxim 50g, can the pest such as control of grubs, mole cricket aunt.Disease, worm mix hair plot to
Upper fungicide+insecticide mixing seed dressing.
2.4 sowing stage
2.4.1 application rate
Early autumn wheat growth early period and mid-term, temperature is higher, and soil moisture is more sufficient, and growth and development is fast, and tiller into
Fringe is low, therefore suitably to increase application rate, ensures enough basic seedling amounts, and high yield is obtained by stem Cheng Sui.Generally sow per acre
13~15 kilograms of amount, ensures Basic Seedling 20~250,000.
2.4.2 date of seeding
Rainy season should be caught not yet to terminate, soil moisture, the opportune time sowing of good conditions for soil moisture, the sowing time was with August 20 days to 9
The moon is advisable on the 10th, strives for early sowing within optimum period.So not only avoid early frost from endangering, but will not later stage high temperature force ripe, realize stable yields height
Production.
2.4.3 seeding quality
To be broadcast using row, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, and 3-5 centimetres of seed level, 15 centimetres of line-spacing, wants earthing after broadcasting, and accomplishes that seeding down is uniform,
Not heavy not leak, line-spacing is consistent, and the depth is consistent, and rand sowing in the edge of a field is neat.
2.5 wheat fields arrange
2.5.1 site preparation requirement
Adhere to early, deep, thin, saturating, real, flat, net, sufficient principle.Timely stubble-cleaning after crop sown in spring harvest, extirpates weeds；And
Early plow harrow, depth of plowing 25cm~33cm or so, does not balk and Lou harrows, and Panasonic is real on soil, and rake will harrow deep rake carefully, without bright, dark clod of earth
Rubbish, to achieve the purpose that soil moisture conservation, weed eradication, reduce rich water consumption and increase nutrient.
2.5.2 soil treatment
Qiu Mo, temperature is higher, and subterranean pest-insect still activity is rampant, therefore, can use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40% per acre
Isofenphos methyl missible oil 0.3kg, adds water 1L~2L, mixes fine earth 25kg and pesticide-clay mixture is made, ground is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields before plowing, is turned over plowing
In burying.
3 fertilisings
3.1 heavy base fertilizer application：Before deep ploughing before removing after stubble and weeds, 1500kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied in the ground, per acre
Urea 10kg~15kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg~50kg are applied, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg is spread fertilizer over the fields in ground.
3.2 applying seed manure
In addition to base manure is used sufficient, it is particularly important that applying seed manure, this is the key measure for capturing early autumn wheat high yield.During sowing per acre
8kg~10kg urea is applied in seed furrow
3.3 according to precipitation event top dressing
After wheat emergence, according to precipitation, and field wheat seeding growing way, can after rainfall mu spread fertilizer over the fields pure urea 10kg~
15kg, promotes seedling prosperous and strong, improves effective fringe.
3.4 outer spray fertilizers
After wheat flower, in order to meet needs of the plant to nutrient in time, extend the functional period of blade, promote grouting,
Increase grain weight, the outer spray fertilizer of root need to be carried out in time.The outer spray fertilizer utilization rate of fertilizer of root is up to 80%~90%, and plant absorption is fast,
It is the effective measures of economy fertilizer.
4 field management technologies
4.1, which look into seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings
Seedling is looked into after emergence in time to reseed, density is mended dilute.Being short of seedling, it is same to want timely vernalization trench digging to reseed in the plot of more than 15cm
The seed of kind, soil moisture content are first watered in ditch when poor and are being reseeded；Also it can use and fill the gaps with seedlings in time in the rare place of seedling, using density
Mend dilute method, transplant the wheat seeding of 1~2 tiller of band, the heart is not pressed in thickness of earth-fill cover to master, under do not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and compacting soil,
Appropriate watering, ensures to survive.
4.2 tillage and weedings and chemical weed control
Broad leaved weed is prevented 30~40L of water with 75% superstar 1g or 6.9% galloping horse 50g prevents grassy weed per acre.
Try not to loosen the soil in fine day during tillage and weeding, reduce the evaporation of moisture；It is if precipitation, then deep in time according to weather forecast
Mellow soil, water storage promoting root growth.
5th, field management；(1) weeding：On October 16th, 2015,3 leaf of wheat seeding, 1 heart, during 2~3 leaf of weeds, there is the ground of weeds
Block, carries out chemical weed control with dimethyl tetrachloride sodium 56% plus 10% tribenuron-methyl, 20 grams of mixing to water spray per acre.(2) protection against rodents：Have
The plot of the plague of rats, prior to seeding, the jointing stage, the maturity period trapping.(3) disease pest is prevented：Depending on aphid, a situation arises with triadimefon and kills
Worm agent mixing prevention.
6th, harvest in due course：It is in golden yellow between under blade, fringe and fringe, first segment is in micro- green under fringe.Seed ventral groove turns yellow,
In green, inside is in wax state for few part, and when water content 25%-30% gets the harvest in quickly in time.
Accomplish single receipts, list storage, prevent that mechanical admixture and mixed receipts are mixed and put.Dried in time after harvest.Using drying, it is closed while hot
The complex art of storage practice and " three low (low temperature, hypoxemia, al suboxide dosage) " is stored.Put in storage wheat seed water content≤
13%.
Sowing time of the invention, relatively traditional implantation time did sth. in advance 30-40 days at present between 20 days-September of August 10 days；Wheat
Emergence is to jointing stage abundant rainfall, and boot stage, blooming stage stagger frosty weather, and being in the milk to the maturity period, it is ripe to avoid high temperature from forcing.Density
Between controlling ten thousand/mus of 20-25, more current traditional density increases by ten thousand seedlings of 5-10 per acre, can effectively improve effective fringe, setting percentage, thousand
Grain weight and product quality etc., yield is apparently higher than the wheat prior art with the conditions of.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. sowing time, density management method in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation, it is characterised in that in the early autumn wheat cultivation
Sowing time, density management method, in south, low latitudes wheat class dry farming region, by being adjusted to sowing time, planting density
Whole, specific with the region weather and ecological environment match, sowing time, density management in progress early autumn wheat cultivation；Broadcast
The kind phase is 20 days-September of August 10；Density domination is in ten thousand/mus of 20-25.
2. sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the morning
Sowing time, density management method in autumn wheat cultivation specifically include：
Using date of seeding and density as experimental factor, three levels are set respectively, date of seeding is respectively August 20, September 5 days, September 20 days；It is close
Degree is respectively mu Basic Seedling 150,000,200,000,250,000；It is common using orthogonal comprehensive test design method, totally 9 processing, 3 repetitions
27 cells, plot area 6.6m2, surrounding, which is set, protects row, and 15 kilograms of 10 kilograms of base fertilizer urea and tillering fertilizer urea are once
Property apply；
Cultivation step is managed, including：Variety selection, seed treatment, calculate application rate, date of seeding, soil treatment and fertilising pipe
Reason.
3. sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the product
Kind selection includes：
Selection early-maturing variety insensitive to illumination reaction and disease-resistant high yield；
The seed treatment includes：
Dress seed during sowing, dressed seed using triadimefon：50g triadimefons seed dressing 25kg, is sowed after mixing thoroughly.Or mixed using carbendazim
Kind, add water 5L with 70% carbendazol wettable powder 100g, mix wheat seeds 50kg；
Or dressed seed using phoxim, mix wheat seeds 20kg with 50% phoxim 50g.
4. sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the meter
Application rate is calculated, including：
13~15 kilograms of application rate per acre, Basic Seedling 20~250,000；Calculating application rate formula is：
5. sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that at soil
Reason includes：
Qiu Mo, per acre with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40% Isofenphos methyl missible oil 0.3kg, adds water 1L~2L, mixes fine earth 25kg
Pesticide-clay mixture is made, ground is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields before plowing, is ploughed under with plowing in soil.
6. sowing time, density management method in early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described to apply
Fertilizer management includes：
Heavy base fertilizer application：Before deep ploughing before removing after stubble and weeds, 1500kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied in the ground, applies urea per acre
10kg~15kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg~50kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground；
Applying seed manure：8kg~10kg urea is applied during sowing per acre in seed furrow；
Top dressing：After wheat emergence, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields pure urea 10kg~15kg after rainfall；
The outer spray fertilizer of root：After wheat flower, spray fertilizer outside root is carried out according to actual conditions.
7. sowing time, the early autumn wheat cultivation of density management method in a kind of early autumn wheat cultivation as claimed in claim 1
In sowing time, density management system.
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| CN111084063A (en) * | 2019-12-15 | 2020-05-01 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for improving plumpness of wheat photo-thermo-sensitive sterile line seeds by improving photosynthetic property |
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| CN109325630A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Rice production prediction method under a kind of high temperature stress based on morphological parameters |
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| CN111084063A (en) * | 2019-12-15 | 2020-05-01 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for improving plumpness of wheat photo-thermo-sensitive sterile line seeds by improving photosynthetic property |
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Application publication date: 20180508 |