CN108718960B - Method suitable for returning all straws to field in Jiangsu area to rice stubble wheat and sowing all seedlings at once - Google Patents
Method suitable for returning all straws to field in Jiangsu area to rice stubble wheat and sowing all seedlings at once Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method suitable for returning the total amount of straws to field in Jiangsu areas, namely, a method for sowing whole seedlings of rice stubble and wheat at one time, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method for one-time sowing of the rice stubble and the wheat suitable for full straw returning in Jiangsu comprises the steps of mixing wheat seeds and uniformly sowing the wheat seeds in a rice field on the same day of rice harvesting, then performing high stubble remaining harvesting, uniform grass smashing and paving, strongly pressing, and pressing the wheat seeds into the soil by 0.5-1 cm; and (3) after the pressing, spreading the compound fertilizer on the surface of the furrow, ditching through a furrow opener, spreading and throwing the ditching soil on the surface of the furrow, and topdressing in the seedling stage. The method provided by the invention ensures that the wheat seeds contact with soil, ensures the soil moisture content, and is beneficial to the purposes of early seedling emergence, full seedling and seedling strengthening of the wheat seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method suitable for returning all straws to field in Jiangsu area to rice stubble and wheat for full seedling sowing at one time.
Background
The wheat planting area of Jiangsu province is about 3200 ten thousand mu, the rice stubble wheat area is about 2400 ten thousand mu, and the wheat stubble area occupies 75% of the total area. The area of the rice stubble and wheat for late sowing and super late sowing accounts for more than 50 percent of the area of the rice stubble and wheat in the whole province. Taking a persistent market as an example, in 2016 to 2017, the planting area of rice stubble wheat in the market accounts for 70% of the late sowing rice stubble wheat, and the planting area of rice stubble wheat with late sowing for more than 10 days accounts for 53%. Late sowing of rice stubble wheat seriously restricts the potential exertion of high quality and high yield of wheat, also seriously influences the production benefit of wheat and is not beneficial to the sustainable development of high quality and high efficiency of annual production of rice and wheat.
According to the practical situation of the production of rice stubble wheat in the whole province for many years, the following problems are considered to exist in the current production of the rice stubble wheat:
1. the sowing period is too late, which causes the fundamental problems of reduced planting benefit and increased cost of wheat. The normal sowing period is generally from the middle to the last of 10 months, the sowing period of the rice stubble wheat is from the middle to the last of 11 months to the middle of 12 months, the special year is postponed to 1 month, and the late sowing and the super late sowing of the wheat become normal. Cause the reason of late sowing: the high-quality rice usually needs the rice to have enough growth period, a large number of varieties with long growth period are selected, and the growth time of wheat needs to be sacrificed to replace the enough growth period of the rice so as to obtain high yield and high quality guarantee; large-scale circulation of land, untimely harvesting of a large household, natural dehydration of paddy in the field for reducing the harvesting and drying cost, harvesting after the moisture content reaches 14%, and directly circulating; after the air temperature is warmed, the weather becomes unstable after the air enters 11 months in Jiangsu province, the rainfall is increased, so that agricultural machinery cannot enter a rice field, and the phenomenon of pressing rice, machinery and other fields by snow often occurs.
2. Poor soil preparation quality. The reason is as follows: compared with dry stubble fields, the rice soil is large in viscosity and has certain water content due to long-term flooding, and is not easy to crush into fine particles; the quality of the rice straw total returning large tillage soil preparation can not reach the quality standard of dry farmland tillage soil preparation, the difference between the actual suitable amount of the straw and the actual returning amount of the straw is too much, the suitable returning amount of the straw is 300 kilograms (fresh), but the actual returning amount of the straw is more than 700 kilograms (fresh), and far exceeds the suitable returning amount of the straw; the frequency of weather uncertainty is higher and higher, and overcast and rainy weather becomes the normality more and more, and the rainwater is too much, can't in time carry out the tillage soil preparation and the tillage geological volume becomes poor.
3. The seeding quality is poor. Due to poor soil preparation quality and full tillage and application of rice straws to field, the seeding quality of rice stubble wheat with full, strong and uniform seedlings cannot be achieved. The poor seeding quality is shown in the following aspects: the group is difficult to control, the seeding quantity is large, and the seeding quantity and the seeding period are not matched; the sowing depth is not consistent, and the phenomena of seed exposure and seed deepening are serious; the uniformity of seedling emergence in the field is poor, and the ridge breaking and row missing are serious; the compactness of the seeds and the soil is insufficient, and the root lifting phenomenon is serious; the field wheat seedlings are poor in growth uniformity, the difference of leaf age is too large, and the difference of leaf age is 2-3 leaves; the individual is not strong.
4. The method is characterized in that the utilization rate of warm-light water resources before wheat winter is low, the requirements of wheat seedling emergence and seedling growth on temperature are that ① air temperature, the optimal temperature of germination and seedling emergence is 15-20 ℃, the optimal temperature of seedling growth is 13-18 ℃, ② soil temperature, the optimal temperature of wheat root system growth is 16-20 ℃, ③ humidity, the optimal water holding capacity of wheat seed germination in a field is 70-75%, the optimal field water holding capacity of seedling growth is 60-70%, the requirement of wheat seedling growth on illumination is that illumination can promote the formation of new organs, the difference of growth of different varieties of wheat in seedling stages is large, the utilization rate of warm-light water resources is low, the effective accumulated temperature is seriously insufficient due to late sowing stage, the difference of air temperature and soil temperature is reduced due to large gaps in soil growth in seedling stage, the heat preservation of the surface layer (3-5 cm) of soil is reduced along with late sowing stage and gradual reduction of sunlight amount, the utilization rate of soil is reduced along with late sowing stage, the fact that in Suzhongyue, the number of sunshine is 10, the average day is 5.9 hours, the average in 12 months, the reduction of soil absorption rate of soil is reduced along with late sowing stage, the intensity of soil absorption of soil is reduced, and the soil.
5. The absorption and utilization rate of soil-like nutrients is low. The soil temperature is low, which is not beneficial to the release of soil nutrients and the absorption of wheat root systems; the original micro-ecosystem of the rice stubble soil is seriously disturbed by the soil rotary tillage, and the slow sowing temperature is low, so that the micro-ecological restoration is not facilitated, and the nutrient utilization is influenced; returning the total amount of the straws to the field, so that the original balance of a soil nutrient supply system is lost, and the balanced supply and utilization of soil nutrients in the seedling stage of the wheat are not facilitated; the uncertainty of soil moisture content seriously influences the absorption and utilization of soil moisture and nutrients in the seedling stage of wheat, particularly the wheat is rotten and rotten, the soil moisture is excessive, and the growth and development of the root system of the wheat are seriously influenced; the soil is disturbed by rotary tillage, so that the soil moisture preservation capability of the soil is reduced, and the absorption and utilization of wheat nutrients are influenced.
Due to the problems, agricultural specialists research and provide various technical measures for ensuring early seedling emergence, full seedlings and strong seedlings of wheat in advance of the sowing period of the wheat. The cultivation technique of rice-wheat cover is one of the techniques, and is also popularized and applied in production. The technology is to broadcast wheat to rice fields 7-10 days before rice harvest, so that the growth period of wheat is advanced. However, in the actual production, some problems exist, for example, because the rice is not harvested, the wheat seeds are under the condition of shading, and sufficient warm and light conditions are not available, so that the germination and growth of the wheat seeds are facilitated, the wheat plants are thin and weak, and strong seedlings cannot be formed; if the rice cannot be harvested in time in rainy days, and the wheat seedlings are easy to be damaged under the condition of shading; meanwhile, the seeds float on the surface of the soil, the roots are thin and weak, nutrients cannot be absorbed, and lodging easily occurs in the later period.
In the prior art, in order to advance the harvesting time of wheat, the time of sowing wheat in a rice field is often advanced, wheat seeds (patent with application number 201510768712.2, patent with application number 201710886165.8, patent with application number 200610096050.X, patent with patent number ZL 201510110588.0) are generally sown in the rice field 5-7 days before rice harvesting, meanwhile, water is poured in the rice field to ensure normal germination of the wheat seeds, but the wheat seeds are long in the rice field, and because the shading time of rice stems and leaves is long, the phenomena of weak wheat seedlings, fine seedlings, poor root systems, yellow leaves and the like are easily caused, and the wheat is not favorable for obtaining full-seedling strong wheat.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method suitable for returning the whole straw to the field of rice stubble and wheat in Jiangsu areas at one time for whole seedling, and the method is favorable for improving the whole seedling rate and yield of the rice stubble and wheat.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method suitable for returning the whole straw to the field of rice stubble and wheat in Jiangsu areas at one time and sowing the whole seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing the wheat seeds after seed dressing to a paddy field;
(2) harvesting the rice on the day of sowing, and crushing and spreading rice straw on the surface of rice stubble;
(3) compacting in the field on the day of sowing or the next day, and pressing the wheat seeds into the soil by 0.5-1 cm to obtain compacted field blocks;
(4) fertilizing the pressed field blocks with a compound fertilizer, then ditching, and throwing ditching soil onto the surface of the ridge for earthing;
(5) when the wheat seeds germinate and grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, applying urea; when the wheat grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, dressing urea again; in the wheat jointing stage, dressing a compound fertilizer; during the booting stage of wheat, urea is applied.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent for dressing seeds to the wheat seeds in the step (1) is 1: 140-160.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the wheat seeds in the step (1) is 13-17 kg/mu.
Preferably, when the rice is harvested in the step (2), the height of the rice stubble is 15-25 cm.
Preferably, the length of the crushed rice straw in the step (2) is 4-6 cm.
Preferably, when ditching is carried out in the step (4), ditches are ditched every 1.8-2.2 m, the width of each ditch is 18-22 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 18-22 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the covering soil in the step (4) is 0.5-1.0 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of urea in the step (5) is 7.0-8.0 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the compound fertilizer in each time in the steps (4) and (5) is 19-21 kg/mu.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the compound fertilizer is 45%; n, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15.
The invention provides a method suitable for returning the total amount of straws to field in Jiangsu areas to rice stubble wheat and sowing the whole seedlings at one time, which is to sow the wheat on the same day as rice harvesting, thereby advancing the sowing period of the rice stubble wheat by more than 10 days, providing proper natural conditions of warm and light water for the germination of wheat seeds and being beneficial to the germination and seedling emergence and the whole seedlings of the wheat seeds. Secondly, the wheat is pressed by strong force, the soil moisture is preserved, the temperature is preserved, the root of the wheat is favorably pricked, the nutrients are favorably absorbed, and the foundation is laid for the early seedling emergence, the full seedling and the formation of strong seedlings of the wheat. The wheat seeds are pressed into the soil by 0.5-1 cm through strong pressing, so that the wheat root systems are pricked downwards to form developed wheat root systems, and nutrients are absorbed to promote the growth of the wheat seedlings to form strong seedlings. The method provided by the invention overcomes the defects that the prior art is not pressed in time when the wheat is sown by adopting the rotary tillage soil, the soil is mixed with the rice straws and is not compacted, the soil has gaps and the phenomenon of seed exposure is caused; moreover, the wheat seeds are not deeply rooted, and are easy to be killed by hanging roots when meeting drought climate, and cannot form full seedlings and strong seedlings. Finally, the cotton quilt can be formed on the wheat seeds through fertilizing, ditching and earthing, so that the heat preservation effect is achieved, and low-temperature freezing injury cannot be caused in winter. And after the soil is rotarily ploughed, wheat is sown without forming a heat-insulating layer, so that the wheat is easily influenced by low-temperature freezing injury. The method provided by the invention not only overcomes the problem that the rice-wheat interplanting time is advanced, the rice straw cannot be harvested in time when meeting rainy weather in the field but only the wheat is in a shady state, the sunlight is insufficient, the wheat seedlings grow thin and weak, and the root system is poor, but also solves the problems that the root system of the wheat is shallow, the yield and the quality are influenced by lodging in the later period, and the harvesting difficulty and the harvesting cost are increased due to the fact that the wheat is not pressed in time in the traditional interplanting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method suitable for returning the whole straw to the field of rice stubble and wheat in Jiangsu areas at one time and sowing the whole seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing the wheat seeds after seed dressing to a paddy field;
(2) harvesting the rice on the day of sowing, and crushing and spreading rice straw on the surface of rice stubble;
(3) compacting in the field on the day of sowing or the next day, and pressing the wheat seeds into the soil by 0.5-1 cm to obtain compacted field blocks;
(4) fertilizing the pressed field blocks with a compound fertilizer, then ditching, and throwing ditching soil onto the surface of the ridge for earthing;
(5) when the wheat seeds germinate and grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, applying urea; when the wheat grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, dressing urea again; in the wheat jointing stage, dressing a compound fertilizer; during the booting stage of wheat, urea is applied.
The invention broadcasts the wheat seeds after seed dressing to the paddy field.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent for dressing seeds to the wheat seeds is preferably 1: 140-160, and more preferably 1: 150. The kind of the seed dressing agent is not particularly limited, and a seed dressing agent well known in the art may be used. In the embodiment of the invention, the seed dressing agent is preferably the seed dressing agent disclosed in the patent with the application number ZL 201510065840.0. The seed dressing agent is preferably dissolved in water before use. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the water is preferably 500: 200 to 300. The seed dressing agent has the main functions of promoting the early point germination, early seedling alignment and strong seedling of wheat seeds.
In the invention, the seeding amount of the wheat seeds is preferably 13-17 kg/mu. The sowing method preferably adopts manual sowing. The sowing is preferably carried out uniformly in the paddy field.
After sowing, the rice is harvested on the day of sowing, and the rice straw is crushed and spread on the surface of the rice stubble. In the invention, when the rice is harvested, the height of the rice stubble is preferably 15-25 cm, and more preferably 20 cm. In the invention, the length of the crushed rice straw is preferably 4-6 cm. The method for harvesting the rice is preferably carried out by adopting a combine harvester with a straw smashing device. The invention has no special limitation on the type and the source of the combine harvester with the straw crushing device, and the combine harvester which is well known in the field can be adopted. The combine harvester with the straw smashing device evenly spreads smashed rice straws in the rice field.
After the rice straws are crushed and spread on the surfaces of rice stubble, the method carries out field suppression on the day of sowing or the next day, and presses the wheat seeds into the soil by 0.5-1 cm to obtain a suppressed field.
In the present invention, the field compacting method is preferably performed by compacting with a weight of 300kg or more driven by a tractor. The depth of the soil to be pressed into is preferably 0.6 to 0.9cm, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8 cm. The compacting has the following effects: the wheat seeds are pressed into the soil by 0.5-1 cm through strong pressing, so that the wheat root systems are pricked downwards to form developed wheat root systems, and nutrients are absorbed to promote the growth of the wheat seedlings to form strong seedlings.
After the pressed field blocks are obtained, the pressed field blocks are fertilized with compound fertilizer and then are trenched, and trenched soil is thrown to the surface of the ridge for earthing.
In the invention, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is preferably 19-21 kg/mu. The mass concentration of the compound fertilizer is preferably 45%; n, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is preferably 15:15: 15. The source of the compound fertilizer is not particularly limited in the invention, and the compound fertilizer well known in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, during ditching, ditches are ditched every 1.8-2.2 m, the width of each ditch is preferably 18-22 cm, and the depth of each ditch is preferably 18-22 cm; more preferably, the grooves are formed every 2.0m, the width of the grooves is preferably 20cm, and the depth of the grooves is preferably 20 cm. The ditching is preferably carried out by adopting a ditcher. The furrow opener is preferably a furrow opener capable of throwing ditching soil to the furrow surface. In the invention, the thickness of the covering soil is preferably 0.5-1.0 cm, and more preferably 0.7 cm. The earthing soil is used for compacting the fertilizer through earthing soil to reduce volatilization of the fertilizer, and is used for compacting the rice straws and the wheat seeds through earthing soil to play roles in preserving heat and moisture.
After covering soil, the wheat seeds are normally germinated and grown to obtain the whole wheat seedlings. When the wheat seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, applying urea; when the wheat grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, dressing urea again; in the wheat jointing stage, dressing a compound fertilizer; during the booting stage of wheat, urea is applied.
In the invention, when wheat seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the additional urea is used as a seedling fertilizer. The application amount of the urea is preferably 7.0-8.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 7.5 kg/mu. When the wheat grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the additional urea is used as the balance tillering fertilizer. The application amount of the urea is preferably 7.0-8.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 7.5 kg/mu. And in the wheat jointing stage, additionally applying a compound fertilizer as a jointing fertilizer. In the booting stage of wheat, urea is applied as a booting fertilizer. The application amount of the urea is preferably 7.0-8.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 7.5 kg/mu. The source of the urea is not particularly limited in the present invention, and urea known in the art may be used.
In the invention, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is preferably 19-21 kg/mu, and more preferably 20 kg/mu. The mass concentration of the compound fertilizer is preferably 45%; n, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is preferably 15:15: 15. The source of the compound fertilizer is not particularly limited in the invention, and the compound fertilizer well known in the field can be adopted.
The following will explain the method for returning all straws to field in Jiangsu area to rice stubble and wheat seedlings at once in detail by combining with the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Firstly, dressing seeds with a wheat seed dressing agent for promoting early development of wheat, firstly dissolving the seed dressing agent with 0.2kg of water, then dressing the seeds (the ratio of the seed dressing agent to the seed quantity is 1:150), and manually and uniformly sowing the seeds in a rice field after half hour of seed dressing, wherein the seed quantity of the wheat is 15 kg/mu.
(2) The rice is harvested by adopting a combine harvester with a straw smashing device and a high stubble remaining height of 20cm, the rice straws are smashed to be about 5cm in length, and the smashed rice straws are uniformly scattered on the surface of soil through the combine harvester.
(3) The press wheel with the weight of more than 300kg is driven by the tractor to carry out field pressing on the same day or the next day, and wheat seeds are preferably pressed into the soil by 0.5-1 cm.
(4) Fertilizing: after compacting, 45% (N: P)2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the field at the rate of 20 kg/mu.
(5) Ditching: the furrow opener which can throw the ditching soil to the furrow surface is adopted for ditching. A ditch is opened every 2m in the field, the width of the ditch is 20cm, the depth of the ditch is 20cm, soil is thrown onto the surface of a furrow through a furrow opener during ditching and is covered with soil, on one hand, fertilizer is compacted through covering soil, volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, on the other hand, rice straws and wheat seeds are compacted through covering soil, and the effects of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation are achieved.
(6) Topdressing: applying 7.5kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer on 1 heart of the 2 leaves of the wheat; applying 7.5kg of urea as a balance tillering fertilizer on 4 leaves and 1 heart of the wheat; in wheat field20kg of 45% (N: P) was applied during festival2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for pulling out and saving; 7.5kg of urea is applied as a booting fertilizer in the booting period of the wheat.
Example 2
(1) Firstly, dressing seeds with a wheat seed dressing agent for promoting early development of wheat, firstly dissolving the seed dressing agent with 0.3kg of water, then dressing the seeds (the ratio of the seed dressing agent to the seed quantity is 1:160), and manually and uniformly sowing the seeds in a rice field after half an hour of seed dressing, wherein the seed quantity of the wheat is 18 kg/mu.
(2) The rice is harvested by adopting a combine harvester with a straw smashing device and a high stubble remaining height of 25cm, the rice straws are smashed to be about 6cm in length, and the smashed rice straws are uniformly scattered on the surface of soil through the combine harvester.
(3) The press wheel with the weight of more than 300kg is driven by the tractor to carry out field pressing on the same day or the next day, and wheat seeds are preferably pressed into the soil by 0.5-1 cm.
(4) Fertilizing: after compacting, 45% (N: P)2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the field at the rate of 25 kg/mu.
(5) Ditching: the furrow opener which can throw the ditching soil to the furrow surface is adopted for ditching. A ditch is opened in the field every 2.2m, the width of the ditch is 22cm, the depth of the ditch is 22cm, soil is thrown onto the surface of a furrow through a furrow opener during ditching and is covered with soil, on one hand, fertilizer is compacted through covering soil, volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, on the other hand, rice straws and wheat seeds are compacted through covering soil, and the effects of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation are achieved.
(6) Topdressing: 8.0kg of urea is applied to the 1 st core of the 2 leaves of the wheat for serving as a seedling fertilizer; 8.0kg of urea is applied to the 4 leaves and 1 heart of the wheat as a balanced tillering fertilizer; applying 22kg 45% (N: P) during wheat jointing stage2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for pulling out and saving; 8.0kg of urea is applied as a booting fertilizer in the booting period of the wheat.
Example 3
(1) Firstly, dressing seeds with a wheat seed dressing agent for promoting early development of wheat, firstly dissolving the seed dressing agent with 0.25kg of water, then dressing the seeds (the ratio of the seed dressing agent to the seed quantity is 1:140), and manually and uniformly sowing the seeds in a rice field after half an hour of seed dressing, wherein the seed quantity of the wheat is 14 kg/mu.
(2) The rice is harvested by adopting a combine harvester with a straw smashing device and a high stubble remaining height of 18cm, the rice straws are smashed to be about 4cm in length, and the smashed rice straws are uniformly scattered on the surface of the soil through the combine harvester.
(3) The press wheel with the weight of more than 300kg is driven by the tractor to carry out field pressing on the same day or the next day, and wheat seeds are preferably pressed into the soil by 0.5-1 cm.
(4) Fertilizing: after compacting, 45% (N: P)2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the field at the rate of 18 kg/mu.
(5) Ditching: the furrow opener which can throw the ditching soil to the furrow surface is adopted for ditching. In the field, a ditch is formed at intervals of 1.8m, the width of the ditch is 18cm, the depth of the ditch is 18cm, soil is sprayed on the surface of a furrow through a furrow opener for covering soil during ditching, on one hand, fertilizer is compacted through covering soil, volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, on the other hand, rice straws and wheat seeds are compacted through covering soil, and the effects of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation are achieved.
(6) Topdressing: applying 7.0kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer on 1 heart of the 2 leaves of the wheat; applying 7.0kg of urea as a balance tillering fertilizer on 4 leaves and 1 heart of the wheat; applying 18kg 45% (N: P) during wheat jointing stage2O5:K2O15: 15:15) compound fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for pulling out and saving; 7.5kg of urea is applied as a booting fertilizer in the booting period of the wheat.
Comparative example 1
The wheat varieties are the same as those in example 1, are all Huai wheat 33, and are different in deep ploughing and rotary tillage followed by machine drill seeding. The rice is harvested by a combine harvester with a crushing device in 2016, 10 and 21 months, and the stubble height is 10-15 cm. In rainy days, the rice can not be deeply ploughed in time, the rice is ploughed deeply until 11 months and 5 days, the rice straws are ploughed into the soil, 20 kg/mu of 45% compound fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of urea are broadcast and applied as base fertilizer for 11 months and 8 days, the rotary tillage is carried out after the fertilizer is broadcast, the sowing is carried out by adopting a sowing method of machine drill sowing after the rotary tillage, the sowing quantity is 22.5 kg/mu, and the pressing, ditching and earthing are carried out after the sowing; the balanced tillering fertilizer is applied with 7.5 kg/mu of urea, the jointing fertilizer is applied with 20 kg/mu of 45 percent compound fertilizer, and the booting fertilizer is applied with 7.5 kg/mu of urea.
Comparative example 2
The wheat varieties are the same as those in example 1, are all Huai wheat 33, and are different in no-tillage machine drilling. The rice is harvested by a combine harvester with a crushing device in 2016, 10, 21 and 10-15 cm high. Due to the rainy weather, the seeds are not sown in time. Performing mechanical drill seeding at 11 months and 8 days, wherein the seeding amount is 22.5 kg/mu, and after seeding, compacting, ditching and earthing up; before sowing, 20 kg/mu of 45% compound fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of urea are broadcast as base fertilizers, 7.5 kg/mu of urea is broadcast for balanced tillering fertilizer, 20 kg/mu of 45% compound fertilizer is broadcast for jointing fertilizer, and 7.5 kg/mu of urea is broadcast for booting fertilizer.
Three treatments, 3 acres each, triplicate. The test investigation content includes the seedling emergence date, the basic seedlings, the effective spike number, the spike grain number, the thousand grain weight and the yield, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different sowing modes on emergence and yield of rice stubble and wheat
And (4) conclusion: through comparison, the sowing quantity of wheat in the example 1 is obviously reduced from 22.5 kg/mu to 15 kg/mu, and wheat seeds of 7.5 kg/mu are reduced compared with wheat in deep-ploughing rotary cultivator drilling (comparative example 1) and no-tillage machine drilling (comparative example 2); in terms of fertilizer consumption, the compound fertilizer consumption is the same, urea is reduced by 2.5 kg/mu, and mainly the base fertilizer is reduced; in the seedling stage, the seedlings emerge 8 days after sowing in example 1, the seedlings emerge 14 days after sowing in the machine drill wheat with deep ploughing, rotary tillage and no tillage, and the seedlings are advanced by 25 days from the growth stage; on the basis of basic seedlings, 0.8 ten thousand per mu and 0.4 ten thousand per mu are respectively added; 2.3 ten thousand ears/mu and 4.8 ten thousand ears/mu are respectively added on the number of ears per mu; respectively adding 0.2 grains and 1.6 grains on the grain number of each ear; on the theoretical yield, the yield is respectively increased by 32.8 kg/mu and 66.2 kg/mu.
Compared with deep-ploughing rotary cultivator drilling (comparative example 1) and no-tillage machine drilling (comparative example 2), the seeding amount of the wheat in the example 2 is obviously reduced from 22.5 kg/mu to 18 kg/mu, and 4.5 kg/mu of wheat seeds are reduced; in terms of fertilizer consumption, the compound fertilizer consumption is the same, urea is reduced by 2.5 kg/mu, and mainly the base fertilizer is reduced; in the seedling stage, the example 2 shows that the seedlings emerge 8 days after sowing, the wheat seedlings are sown by a machine drill with deep ploughing, rotary tillage and no tillage 14 days after sowing, and the growth period is 25 days ahead; 2.1 ten thousand per mu and 1.7 ten thousand per mu are respectively added on the basis of the basic seedlings; the number of spikes per mu is increased by 3.7 ten thousand spikes/mu and 6.2 ten thousand spikes/mu respectively; respectively adding 0.1 granule and 1.5 granules on the grain number of each ear; on the theoretical yield, the yield is respectively increased by 25.5 kg/mu and 58.9 kg/mu.
Compared with deep-ploughing rotary cultivator drilling (comparative example 1) and no-tillage machine drilling (comparative example 2), the seeding amount of the wheat in the embodiment 3 is obviously reduced from 22.5 kg/mu to 14 kg/mu, and wheat seeds of 8.5 kg/mu are reduced; in terms of fertilizer consumption, the compound fertilizer consumption is the same, urea is reduced by 2.5 kg/mu, and mainly the base fertilizer is reduced; in the seedling stage, the example 3 shows that the seedlings emerge 8 days after sowing, the wheat seedlings are sown by a machine drill with deep ploughing, rotary tillage and no tillage 14 days after sowing, and the growth period is 25 days ahead; on the basis of basic seedlings, 0.7 ten thousand per mu and 0.3 ten thousand per mu are respectively added; 1.5 ten thousand ears/mu and 4.0 ten thousand ears/mu are respectively added on the number of ears per mu; respectively adding 0.4 grains and 1.8 grains on the grain number of each ear; on the theoretical yield, the yield is respectively increased by 27.3 kg/mu and 60.7 kg/mu.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method suitable for returning the total amount of straws to field in Jiangsu areas for rice stubble and wheat to complete seedlings at one time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing the wheat seeds after seed dressing to a paddy field;
(2) harvesting the rice on the day of sowing, and crushing and spreading rice straw on the surface of rice stubble;
(3) compacting in the field on the day of sowing or the next day, and pressing the wheat seeds into the soil by 0.5-1 cm to obtain compacted field blocks;
(4) fertilizing the pressed field blocks with a compound fertilizer, then ditching, and throwing ditching soil onto the surface of the ridge for earthing;
(5) when the wheat seeds germinate and grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, applying urea; when the wheat grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, dressing urea again; in the wheat jointing stage, dressing a compound fertilizer; during the booting period of the wheat, urea is applied;
the field pressing method is carried out by adopting a tractor to drive pressing with the weight of more than 300 kg;
when rice is harvested in the step (2), the height of the rice stubble is 15-25 cm;
the thickness of the covering soil in the step (4) is 0.5-1.0 cm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent for seed dressing to the wheat seeds in the step (1) is 1: 140-160.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the seeding amount of the wheat seeds in the step (1) is 13-17 kg/mu.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the crushed rice straw in the step (2) is 4-6 cm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when furrowing is carried out, furrows are formed every 1.8-2.2 m, the width of each furrow is 18-22 cm, and the depth of each furrow is 18-22 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the urea is applied in step (5) at a rate of 7.0-8.0 kg/acre per time.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer in each of the steps (4) and (5) is 19-21 kg/mu.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mass concentration of the compound fertilizer is 45%; n, P in the compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15.
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| CN111528015A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 扬州抱朴自然农业技术有限公司 | Wheat-oil-rice interplanting three-free planting method |
| CN111990191B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Quick stubble-connecting mechanical sowing method for wet soil wheat season in rice and wheat rotation area |
| CN115316209B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-09-26 | 江苏省云台农场有限公司 | Simplified cultivation method for clay rice stubble wheat |
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