CN104885833A - Paddy field no-tillage interplant wheat planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a paddy field no-tillage interplant wheat planting method. Water is discharged before rice harvesting, wheat seeds are sown, rice is harvested by a harvester, straws are crushed and directly returned to a field, ditching and earthing are performed, seedlings are inspected, gaps are filled with seedlings, fertilizers are reasonably applied, and scientific weeding is performed. The planting method effectively solves the problems that rice straw return, wheat sowing season and sowing quality conflict and the like, a land preparation link is omitted, season contradiction is relieved, and the planting method has the advantages that labor is saved, labor intensity is reduced, fertilizers are saved, and environments are protected.

Description

A kind of paddy field is no-tillage, and the implantation methods of wheat broadcast by cover

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to the implantation methods that wheat broadcast by the no-tillage cover of a kind of paddy field.

Background technology

China's cultivated land resource is limited, and per capita cultivated land accounts for less than world per capita cultivated land 1/2nd, but supports 1/4th of world population.In rice wheat suitable planting area, widely popularize rice wheat rotation, to raising China grain yield, Ensuring Food Safety has great significance.The impact of the problems such as but rice wheat rotation affects by crops for rotation, warm light resources is limited, and after rice harves stalk process is difficult, the area of portion fits plantation rice wheat only plant all the time one season paddy rice.Adopt this implantation methods, achieve rice wheat rotation, add farmers' income.In recent years along with agricultural sector structure adjustment, rural laborer shifts in a large number, and the wideling popularize of a collection of light-duty applicable technology, it is constantly universal that agricultural mechanization is produced, under the impact of national Huinong's policy, the raising of plantation wheat comparative effectiveness, makes wheat cultivation area expand rapidly.From within 2010, having completely forbidden since crops straw burns, Autumn-sown wheat also exists rice straw and returns field and there is with wheat cultivation season and seeding quality problems such as conflicting.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the implantation methods that wheat broadcast by the no-tillage cover of a kind of paddy field.Implantation methods of the present invention effectively solves rice straw and returns field and there is with wheat cultivation season and seeding quality problems such as conflicting, exempts whole ground link, alleviates contradiction in season, has the advantage of saving recruitment, reducing labour intensity, saves fertilizer simultaneously.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows for achieving the above object:

Paddy field is no-tillage, and an implantation methods for wheat broadcast by cover, it is characterized in that, concrete operations are as follows:

(1) cut off the water supply before rice harves: sand loam soil is cut off the water supply for 3-5 days before results, clayed soil need be cut off the water supply in results for first 7 days in good time, can ensure that soil dry humidity is applicable to gathering under grain header like this;

(2) seed treatment

Choose seeds before sowing, remove flat grain, infected seed, select healthy full seed, bask seeds before seed treatment 1 ~ 2 d, then with homemade coating agent for seed seed dressing and coating, described homemade coating agent for seed is formed by following masses component raw material mixed preparing: 80-120mg paclobutrazol, 30-40g Tebuconazole, 10-15g Acetamiprid, 50-60g shrubby sophora extract, 200-400g attapulgite clay, 30-50g shitosan, 0.3-0.8g boric acid, 0.5-1.0g zinc sulphate; Coating method gets homemade seed coating medicine 50 grams to suitable quantity of water, and furnishing pasty state and 1 kilogram of wheat seeds mix, and is placed on shady and cool place, can sows after drying when seed is evenly stained with seed coating medicine;

(3) to begin sowing in good time wheat seed applying fertilizer: homemade dressing wheat seed was sowed in rice field in 2-3 days after paddy rice is cut off the water supply, mist sprayer is adopted evenly to spray kind, every mu of sowing 8-10 kilogram, and cover applies 45-55 kilogram of homemade composite fertilizer, the percentage composition=20-12-10 of N-P2O5-K2O in described self-control composite fertilizer;

(4) after Wheat Sowing, paddy rice will be gathered in time: wheat seeds gather in paddy rice in after planting 2-3 days in time, select the grain header harvesting paddy rice shredding even throwing straw, the straw of chopping will be rectificated no longer than 7cm, the careless device of telling of grain header is transferred to maximum dynamics, guarantees that the straw shredded can be shed uniformly on rice plate;

(5) to sow while there is sufficient moisture in the soil trench digging earthing: trench digging earthing of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after paddy rice harvesting in good time, wheat furrow width is determined according to soil type, furrow are wide general with about 2 meters, furrow width 15 cm, ditch depth 18 cm, hold the edge of a field ditch successfully, long furrow open one waist ditch every 30-40 rice, furrow width 15 cm, dark 25-30 centimetre, ditch soil uniform fold is on furrow face, the edge of a field ditch, Yao Gou is connected with field outer fissure, water can be arranged draw, stain can be fallen, guarantee that rain stops Tian Gan, also the straw in field slowly decomposes in wheat growth, substantially end is decomposed to wheat booting period, soil organic matter content increases sharply,

(6) look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, after wheat is emerged, seedling will be looked in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, guarantee that seedling full stand is even;

(7) fertilizer application: on the basis using sufficient base seed manure, controls mid-term fertile, and the booting of heavy dressing jointing is fertile, and generally purity nitrogen 12-14 kg executed by every mu of need, and N: P: K proportioning is 1: 0.3 ~ 0.5: 0.3 ~ 0.5,

A, use sufficient base manure, fertilizing amount accounts for about 20% of total nitrogen quantity, before trench digging earthing, execute self-control composite fertilizer 25 kg for every mu,

B, morning execute seed manure, after emerging, will impose seed manure early, execute urea 10 about kg for every mu, and promote wheat seedling growth, strong sprout survives the winter;

C, Wintering Period and suitable winter dressing and spring fertilizer after the beginning of spring; D, general to execute jointing booting fertile, and jointing booting fertilizer should divide to be used for 2 times, the 1st time should colony's leaf look take off light, tiller number declines, the 1st internode is used close to during fixed length, every mu of sealing fertilizer 10 about kg; Execute the 2nd time after 6-7 d, execute urea 5-6 kg for every mu;

(8) weeding: field minority being broadcast to front herbicidal effect difference, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding, the first tenday period of a month in late November to December, according to weeds in field kind, science selects weed killer herbicide, carries out chemical weed control, specifically carries out with reference to the forecast of disease and pest of local plant protection department and controlling suggestion, carry out crop smothering in autumn sowing and early spring to eliminate, control weeds propagation and widespread, in realizing, outer fissure system is supporting, reduces field humidity, improve field microclimate, effectively prevent the generation of banded sclerotial blight and head blight; Spray medicine 2 times in wheat heading phase beginning and full heading time, prevent and treat wheat scab and aphid, guarantee wheat normal mature.

Beneficial effect of the present invention

Implantation methods of the present invention adopts mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat, before rice harves, first plant wheat, after cut rice, can strive for that season initiatively, guarantee the in good time early sowing of wheat, endowment rice and morning plant wheat and neglect neither, the two high yield of rice wheat, effectively solve rice straw to return field and there is with wheat cultivation season and seeding quality problems such as conflicting, return field after directly being pulverized by straw, overcome the pollution problem of Air-pollution From Combustion environment, simultaneously, save the consumption of fertilizer, realize recycling of resource; Zero tillage technology, when the present invention plants wheat, rice field does not need to turn over, and is directly sowed in rice field by wheat before paddy rice harvesting, eliminate whole ground link, save recruitment, reduce labour intensity, field taken from by straw, is used for field, soil organic matter content can be improved, culture fertility, makes wheat robust growth, increase yield.

Compared with general planting mode, wheat increase yield 3-5%, wholely, sow link reduction energy consumption 15-20%, every mu of sowing quantity reduces 2-5 kilogram, reduces recruitment 1.5-2, adds up to every mu of cost-saving synergistic 90-120 first.

Embodiment

Paddy field is no-tillage, and an implantation methods for wheat broadcast by cover, and concrete operations are as follows:

(1) cut off the water supply before rice harves: this paddy soil is sand loam soil in good time, within first 4 days, should cut off the water supply at paddy rice harvesting;

(2) seed treatment

Choose seeds before sowing, remove flat grain, infected seed, select healthy full seed, bask seeds before seed treatment 2d, then with homemade coating agent for seed seed dressing and coating, homemade coating agent for seed is formed by the component raw material mixed preparing of following masses: 100mg paclobutrazol, 35g Tebuconazole, 2g Acetamiprid, 55g shrubby sophora extract, 300g attapulgite clay, 40g shitosan, 0.5g boric acid, 0.6g zinc sulphate; Coating method gets homemade seed coating medicine 50 grams to suitable quantity of water, and furnishing pasty state and 1 kilogram of wheat seeds mix, and is placed on shady and cool place, can sows after drying when seed is evenly stained with seed coating medicine;

(3) to begin sowing in good time wheat seed applying fertilizer: homemade dressing wheat seed was sowed in rice field in 3 days after paddy rice is cut off the water supply, mist sprayer is adopted evenly to spray kind, sow 9 kilograms for every mu, and cover applies 50 kilograms of homemade composite fertilizers, the content ratio=20-12-10 of N-P2O5-K2O in self-control composite fertilizer;

(4) after Wheat Sowing, paddy rice is gathered in time: wheat seeds gather in paddy rice in after planting 2 days in time, select Kubo field grain header harvesting paddy rice, the straw of chopping will be rectificated no longer than 7cm, and the careless device of telling of grain header is transferred to maximum dynamics, guarantees that the straw shredded can be shed uniformly on rice plate;

(5) to sow while there is sufficient moisture in the soil trench digging earthing: trench digging earthing of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after paddy rice harvesting in good time, wheat furrow width is determined according to soil type, furrow are wide about 2 meters, furrow width 15 centimetres, ditch depth 19 centimetres, hold the edge of a field ditch successfully, long furrow open one waist ditch every 35 meters, furrow width 15 centimetres, dark 28 centimetres, ditch soil uniform fold is on furrow face, the edge of a field ditch, Yao Gou is connected with field outer fissure, water can be arranged draw, stain can be fallen, guarantee that rain stops Tian Gan, also the straw in field slowly decomposes in wheat growth, substantially end is decomposed to wheat booting period, soil organic matter content increases sharply,

(6) look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, after wheat is emerged, seedling will be looked in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, guarantee that seedling full stand is even;

(7) fertilizer application: on the basis using sufficient base seed manure, controls mid-term fertile, and the booting of heavy dressing jointing is fertile, and generally purity nitrogen 13kg executed by every mu of need, and N: P: K proportioning is 1: 0.4: 0.4,

A, use sufficient base manure, fertilizing amount accounts for about 20% of total nitrogen quantity, before trench digging earthing, execute self-control composite fertilizer 25 kg for every mu, the content ratio=20-12-10 of N-P2O5-K2O in self-control composite fertilizer;

B, morning execute seed manure, after emerging, will impose seed manure early, execute urea 10 about kg for every mu, and promote wheat seedling growth, strong sprout survives the winter; C, Wintering Period and suitable winter dressing and spring fertilizer after the beginning of spring; D, general to execute jointing booting fertile: jointing booting fertilizer should divide to be used for 2 times, the 1st time should colony's leaf look take off light, tiller number declines, the 1st internode is used close to during fixed length, every mu of sealing fertilizer 10 about kg, fertilizing amount is 16% of total amount of nitrogen; Execute the 2nd time after 6d, execute urea 6kg for every mu, can floret degeneration be reduced, increase grain weightening finish;

(8) weeding: field minority being broadcast to front herbicidal effect difference, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding, the first tenday period of a month in late November to December, according to weeds in field kind, science selects weed killer herbicide, carries out chemical weed control, specifically carries out with reference to the forecast of disease and pest of local plant protection department and controlling suggestion, carry out crop smothering in autumn sowing and early spring to eliminate, control weeds propagation and widespread, in realizing, outer fissure system is supporting, reduces field humidity, improve field microclimate, effectively prevent the generation of banded sclerotial blight and head blight; Spray medicine 2 times in wheat heading phase beginning and full heading time, prevent and treat wheat scab and aphid, guarantee wheat normal mature.

Adopt method of the present invention plantation wheat to have output high, thousand kernel weight is high, and concrete data are as follows:

Every mu of spike number: 24.4 ten thousand fringes, number of grain per ear: 40.24, thousand kernel weight 38.45g, per mu yield can reach 390kg.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for wheat broadcast by the no-tillage cover of paddy field, and it is characterized in that, concrete operations are as follows:

(1) cut off the water supply before rice harves: sand loam soil is cut off the water supply for 3-5 days before results, clayed soil need be cut off the water supply in results for first 7 days in good time, can ensure that soil dry humidity is applicable to gathering under grain header like this;

(2) seed treatment

Choose seeds before sowing, remove flat grain, infected seed, select healthy full seed, bask seeds before seed treatment 1 ~ 2 d, then with homemade coating agent for seed seed dressing and coating, described homemade coating agent for seed is formed by following masses component raw material mixed preparing: 80-120mg paclobutrazol, 30-40g Tebuconazole, 10-15g Acetamiprid, 50-60g shrubby sophora extract, 200-400g attapulgite clay, 30-50g shitosan, 0.3-0.8g boric acid, 0.5-1.0g zinc sulphate; Coating method gets homemade seed coating medicine 50 grams to suitable quantity of water, and furnishing pasty state and 1 kilogram of wheat seeds mix, and is placed on shady and cool place, can sows after drying when seed is evenly stained with seed coating medicine;

(3) to begin sowing in good time wheat seed applying fertilizer: homemade dressing wheat seed was sowed in rice field in 2-3 days after paddy rice is cut off the water supply, mist sprayer is adopted evenly to spray kind, every mu of sowing 8-10 kilogram, and cover applies 45-55 kilogram of homemade composite fertilizer, the percentage composition=20-12-10 of N-P2O5-K2O in described self-control composite fertilizer;

(4) after Wheat Sowing, paddy rice will be gathered in time: wheat seeds gather in paddy rice in after planting 2-3 days in time, select the grain header harvesting paddy rice shredding even throwing straw, the straw of chopping will be rectificated no longer than 7cm, the careless device of telling of grain header is transferred to maximum dynamics, guarantees that the straw shredded can be shed uniformly on rice plate;

(5) to sow while there is sufficient moisture in the soil trench digging earthing: trench digging earthing of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after paddy rice harvesting in good time, wheat furrow width is determined according to soil type, furrow are wide general with about 2 meters, furrow width 15 cm, ditch depth 18 cm, hold the edge of a field ditch successfully, long furrow open one waist ditch every 30-40 rice, furrow width 15 cm, dark 25-30 centimetre, ditch soil uniform fold is on furrow face, the edge of a field ditch, Yao Gou is connected with field outer fissure, water can be arranged draw, stain can be fallen, guarantee that rain stops Tian Gan, also the straw in field slowly decomposes in wheat growth, substantially end is decomposed to wheat booting period, soil organic matter content increases sharply,

(6) look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, after wheat is emerged, seedling will be looked in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, guarantee that seedling full stand is even;

(7) fertilizer application: on the basis using sufficient base seed manure, controls mid-term fertile, and the booting of heavy dressing jointing is fertile, and generally purity nitrogen 12-14 kg executed by every mu of need, and N: P: K proportioning is 1: 0.3 ~ 0.5: 0.3 ~ 0.5,

A, use sufficient base manure, fertilizing amount accounts for about 20% of total nitrogen quantity, before trench digging earthing, execute self-control composite fertilizer 25 kg for every mu,

B, morning execute seed manure, after emerging, will impose seed manure early, execute urea 10 about kg for every mu, and promote wheat seedling growth, strong sprout survives the winter;

C, Wintering Period and suitable winter dressing and spring fertilizer after the beginning of spring; D, general to execute jointing booting fertile, and jointing booting fertilizer should divide to be used for 2 times, the 1st time should colony's leaf look take off light, tiller number declines, the 1st internode is used close to during fixed length, every mu of sealing fertilizer 10 about kg; Execute the 2nd time after 6-7 d, execute urea 5-6 kg for every mu;

(8) weeding: field minority being broadcast to front herbicidal effect difference, seedling stage carries out manpower weeding, the first tenday period of a month in late November to December, according to weeds in field kind, science selects weed killer herbicide, carries out chemical weed control, specifically carries out with reference to the forecast of disease and pest of local plant protection department and controlling suggestion, carry out crop smothering in autumn sowing and early spring to eliminate, control weeds propagation and widespread, in realizing, outer fissure system is supporting, reduces field humidity, improve field microclimate, effectively prevent the generation of banded sclerotial blight and head blight; Spray medicine 2 times in wheat heading phase beginning and full heading time, prevent and treat wheat scab and aphid, guarantee wheat normal mature.