CN103039313A - Pollution-free high-yield rice cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of agricultural crops and provides a pollution-free high-yield rice cultivating method. The pollution-free high-yield rice cultivating method includes selecting a production base accordant with pollution-free rice production standards and selecting novel high-quality high-yield anti-disease variety; selecting drought seedlings and strong seedlings of the right age, fertilizing a soil bed and cultivating the seedlings dryly; slinging the seedlings without tillage and for multiple tillers; fertilizing pollution-free rice according to the principle of taking base fertilizer as the principal and topdressing as complement, and simultaneously, interplanting glutinous rice; comprehensively preventing and controlling disease and pests, and timely harvesting in sunny days when the ripeness degree of the rice is up to 85-90%; and storing and processing the harvested rice and processing by-products of the harvested rice. The rice produced by the pollution-free high-yield rice cultivating method is high in quality and yield, safe and pollution-free, low in planting cost and simple in management method and has higher popularization and application value.

Description

A kind of method of Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural crops planting technology field, relate in particular to a kind of method of Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing.

Background technology

Water is one of the important cereal crops in the whole world on the contrary, how to improve the quality of the yield per unit area of paddy rice and paddy, the usage amount that reduces agriculture chemical, the safety nuisance free level that improves paddy and be one of significant problem that the urgent need that faces now solves.

The paddy rice planting method that prior art provides, production cost is higher, and grain quality is relatively poor, and output is lower.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of method of Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing, be intended to solve the paddy rice planting method that prior art provides, production cost is higher, and grain quality is relatively poor, the problem that output is lower.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing, the method may further comprise the steps:

Selection meets the base, the place of production of non-pollution rice production standard, and selects the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties;

Select of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling, and carry out the seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling;

Behind the straw-returning, carry out no-tillage cast-transplanted and many tillers rice transplanting;

Take base manure as leading, topdressing and as auxiliary principle non-pollution rice is applied fertilizer, carry out simultaneously rice mixture;

Comprehensive prevention and control disease pest and weed, when the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, the fine in good time results of choosing;

The paddy of results is preserved processing and byproduct for treatment.

Further, accomplish the pollution source without industrial and mining enterprises around the production base, obvious pollution source region is arranged more than 1 kilometer apart from hospital, main traffic main line, base, rice field water condition is good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plough horizon is deep, fertile, permeability is good, pH value 5.5-7, content of organic matter 1.2%-2%, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are given prominence to;

When selecting the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties, avoid a family, one group, village plantation single variety.

Further, of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard are:

Have the leaf tiller during shoot transplanting equipment with stretching, individual plant is tillered many, and the sheath armpit contains grows sturdy tiller bud, and the shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is suitable; It is green that seedling is endured leaf, and the growth neat and consistent is without damage by disease and insect; Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo; The anti-overstrain of planting is strong, and seedling leaf look light green, and blade is little curved, and middle seedling leaf look green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely, and seedlings leaf look pale green, blade are firmly straight, and strong seedling morphological index is: leaf age 5-6 leaf, and height of seedling 15-16 centimetre, 2-3 of band tiller is with tiller strain rate more than 80%;

Seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling technical regulation is:

(1) prepare in the seedbed: (1) seedbed is selected, and selects leewardly to face south, draining is unobstructed, the vegetable plot of fertile soil, fine texture, deep loose ventilation or water water the nonirrigated farmland and does the seedbed; (2) seedbed and land for growing field crops area, seedbed, non-irrigated seedling ground is general wide 1.4 meters, and furrow width or aisle are wide 0.4 meter, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs about 60 square metres in clean seedbed, and namely 20 meters long seedbeds just can plant one mu of land for growing field crops; (3) fostered and apply fertilizer before the winter, fostering and apply fertilizer in the seedbed is a long process, and all will carry out every year, and 10 kilograms of family's animal manures are used in every square metre of seedbed, and 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate is repeatedly ploughed rake, and loam is handed over mixed, one season of winter kind vegetables or green manure, by the end of February clear garden; (4) fertilising desinsection, front 7-10 days of sowing, every square metre of seedbed applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3-5 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate, 0.03 kilogram in potassium chloride, 0.01 kilogram of 3% phoxim baythion granule, by plough → apply fertilizer → program of hack carries out, and turns over hoe 3 times, degree of depth 10-15 centimetre, the table soil that institute's fertilise and medicament and 10-15 centimetre is dark stirs, otherwise easily produces fertilizer damage; (5) seedling strengthen agent sterilization: fully puddle evenly with 1 kilogram of seedling strengthen agent and 15 kilograms of fine earths, pile vexed one day after, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed about 30 square metres, with rake evenly rake enter the 3-5 cm layer of soil, then water permeable, uneven such as the seedbed, available plank flattens gently, waits to sow;

(2) sowing epiphragma: water the water of revealing the exact details, flatten after the bed surface, the sowing program is: sowing → pressing → earthing → eliminate → epiphragma;

(1) seed treatment:

Bask seeds: select fine the solarization 2-3 days, utilize the solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization;

Seed selection: select the wet concentration mode to choose seeds, namely eluriate seed, pull floating seed out;

Sterilization: a. kind clothing agent seed dressing; B. hot water treatment of seeds: first seed is put into clear water and soaked 24 hours, then moved in the warm water that is dipped in 45-47 ℃ preheating 5 minutes, change again in the lukewarm water that is dipped in 50-52 ℃ 10 minutes, then put into cold water and continue seed soaking, until reach germinate require till;

(2) determine the method for date of seeding: generally take 12 ℃ of minimum temperatures for the long-grained nonglutinous rice germination of daily mean temperature, the moistening seedling of general comparable film of non-irrigated seedling planting phase is done sth. in advance 7-10 days, and the area of non-irrigated seedling height above sea level below 600 meters sowed in 10-25 day in March; Height above sea level 600-800 rice and the zone more than 800 meters since plantation be in, early-maturing variety, generally should before April 5, finish non-irrigated seedling planting, transplant seedlings slower, sowing should be rare, must cultivate the strong seedling transplanting of many tillers land for growing field crops;

(3) seeding quantity: the amount by every square metre of 20-30 gram is broadcast even seed rice, and the seedlings Transplanting Density should be rare, and the seedling Transplanting Density should be close;

(4) seeding method: will irrigate bed soil before the sowing, claim that kind to the railway carriage or compartment, then uniform broadcasting gently suppresses, and seed three faces are buried, and covers the fine earth that 1 cm thick is got ready, must cover evenly, seed can not expose outside the soil, but can not blinding too thick;

(5) chemical weed control: spray " non-irrigated seedling is clean " herbicides special behind the sowing blinding;

(6) epiphragma mode: adopt two films to cover, the method for film and the low bow member lid film that namely tiles, low bow member lid membrane process is exactly to slight with bamboo to set up high 20-30 centimetre bow member, then covers film, uses soil with the film compacting compacting all around;

(3) seedbed management:

(1) temperature treatment in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases: answer heat and moisture preserving, the neat seedling of stratification is not generally taken off film, does not water; B.1.5 to 2.5 leaves: after temperature is stablized by 12 ℃, open adventitia two and ventilate, open cross-ventilation window and fixing on both sides, after applying fertilizer moisturizing the first time, throw off the inner membrance of tiling; Adventitia will be taken off by first quarter moon before transplanting seedlings, and temperature in the shed remains on about 25 ℃ and is advisable;

(2) water management in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases, take moisturizing as main, generally do not take off film, seedling is not wilted, and does not water; B.2.5 the leaf phase, supply bed soil moisture in conjunction with imposing tillering fertilizer, supplied moisture content and get final product in conjunction with topdressing in per about 10 days, must not take off film before rice shoot is tillered and drench with rain; C. take off the water management of film before throw to plant, generally when occurring the rice shoot blade sooner or later without the globule or the sooner or later native drying of bed or noon blade clot, select at dusk or morning in conjunction with topdressing moisturizing; D. hazard weather seedbed water management is wanted timely epiphragma seedling-protection if meet low temperature, strong wind rainy day;

(3) fertilizer management:

The drought seedling needn't be applied fertilizer as last at 2.5 leaves, especially used the seedbed of seedling strengthen agent, 2.5 the leaf phase can be executed primary tillering fertilizer with clear liquid dung, imposed later on once clear liquid dung in per about 10 days, the principle of topdressing is first light rear dense, take off and add 0.05 kilogram every square metre in urea with clear liquid dung again behind the film and carry seedling, plant and executed " send and transfer fertilizer " in front 10 days;

(4) the anti-worm plague of rats of curing the disease:

The drought seedling is watered 15 kilograms of sprayings with 55% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 50 grams seedling stage, prevents and treats damping off; Dislike mould clever wetting powder 10 grams with 10% and be watered 15 kilograms of sprayings, prevent and treat bakanae disease; The front compacting of emerging all around film prevents the plague of rats.

Further, during no-tillage cast-transplanted, the water source is lived, irrigated easily double-crop field, widely popularize no-tillage, throwing cultivation, concrete grammar is: after wheat, the rape harvesting, in time with the full field of the even tiling of stalk, mu is executed 2 kilograms of rotten stalk spirits, floods the deep water soaked field, the depth of water is applied fertilizer after reaching 10-15 centimetre, throw cultivation 1.8-2.0 ten thousand nest droughts for every mu and educate many tillers rice shoot, throwing is sorted out management channels after planting, and the rice shoot that will hang in wheat stake, the rape stake when even close benefit is rare is placed on the place that the seedling root can touch water; Drought seedling raising band soil can directly be thrown cultivation, irrigates the seedbed at water the previous day of throwing cultivation;

Straw-returning is during many tillers rice transplanting, except the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that guarantees without the water source, shake the field and all can adopt straw directly returning to field, many tillers rice transplanting, concrete grammar is: behind the harvesting wheat head, discharge water and stir the limit, with the straw Tanaka that directly turns over, fertilising cultivated land, the shallow water rice transplanting is poured water after 3-4 days after throwing again and is turned green.

Further, during the non-pollution rice fertilising, take base manure as leading, topdressing as auxiliary, base manure accounts for more than 90% of total fertilizer application amount, should see the seedling fertilising and topdress, and total consumption is controlled in 10%, and no longer uses topdressing of any kind in front 30 days in rice harves;

Base manure is take fertilizer as main principle, the base manure that non-pollution rice is produced, and take the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, the adapted biological organic fertilizer bans use of chemistry and bio-fertilizer without country, the registration of provincial agricultural sector; The fertilizer and the nitrate fertilizer that ban use of content of beary metal to exceed standard;

Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, general fertilizer accounts for more than 30% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O) 1: 0.5: 1, concrete consumption was controlled at purity nitrogen (N) 12-15 kilogram, phosphorus (P ₂O ₅) 6-7 kilogram, potassium (K ₂O) 12-15 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, general mu is executed 1000 kilograms of barnyard manures, 40 kilograms of special formulation fertilizer for rice;

During rice mixture, the method for a cultivation: the one, less field can lie around and plant, and larger field adopts and plants delegation's glutinous rice every four lines between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house hybrid rice, about nest distance 1.5 chis.

Further, during the comprehensive prevention and control of disease pest and weed, cultural control:

Select the kind of resistance, kind is rotated at regular intervals, and adopts the rational tillage system, crop rotation, breeding combination;

Physical control: adopt black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit trapping Lepidoptera, homoptera pest, arrange by the anti-50-80 mu of every lamp control, lamp is installed on crop 1.5-2 rice high tree bar or electric pole, during the 3-8 month, turn on light 8 o'clock every nights, turn off the light 6 o'clock mornings, if meet strong wind, thunderstorm weather should be turned off the light evening;

Biological control: utilize biologic product, do not producing any toxic side effects, guaranteeing under Environmental security, the non-harmful prerequisite of product, insect-killing trapping, control the method for preventing and treating of disease;

Gyplure control snout moth's larva: contain the phase for moth appearance, mu lures core to place the rice field with 4-6 piece of striped rice borer at each;

The line song is is rather prevented and treated false smut: before the paddy rice cut 5-7 days, mu was watered 45 kilograms of saturated sprayings when mist dew is arranged in the morning with 350 milliliters in the bent peaceful preparation of 20% line;

Chemical control: the banned pesticides that should strictly ban use of country to promulgate when selecting the chemical agent medication bans use of the agricultural chemicals of any type in front 28 days in rice harves;

Major Diseases control: to rice blast and false smut, transplant seedlings front 3-5 days with 750 times of liquid seedbeds sprayings of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or when transplanting seedlings with above-mentioned Fusarium Wilt of Sweet seedling with minimizing bacterium source, land for growing field crops; Secondly, in the paddy rice cut phase, mu is watered 45 kilograms of conventional sprayings with 20 milliliters of 20% well alkene tricyclazole, 150 grams or 30% Difenoconazole missible oil, prevents panicle blast and false smut; Rice blast Chang Faqu or repeating transmission district also need again medication once when the neat fringe of paddy rice;

The rice sheath blight: in tillering stage, mu is watered 45 kilograms with 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder, 100 grams and sprays to rice clump base portion as far as possible;

Major Pests control: paddy stem borer, striped rice borer, generally 7-10 days mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 30 milliliters of 100 milliliters of 1% first dimension salt missible oil or 10% A Wei fipronil bisamide suspension emulsions and prevents and treats " the withered heart " after cultivation; The paddy rice cut phase in conjunction with the control " dead ears " that uses the same method of prevention rice blast and false smut;

For rice fulgorid, in mid or late July, hundred strain worm amounts are found more than 1500 in the field, namely answer the medication control, and mu is watered 45 kilograms with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 30 grams, is sprayed in rice strain middle and lower part;

For rice plant skipper and rice leaf roller, generally contain in late July to early August and send out, to choose the repeating transmission field and control, mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 90% trichlorphon, 200 grams;

For rice thrips, when seedling stage, blade tip crimp percent 10% was above, mu restrained with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 30 and is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings;

Weed control: the one, strengthen artificial weeding, the 2nd, chemical weed control bans use of chlorine sulphur to swell and metsulfuron-methyl, and non-irrigated seedling is medication before the bud after broadcasting; The land for growing field crops is selected the paddy rice herbicides special to adopt the pesticide-clay mixture method to spread fertilizer over the fields, and is kept shallow water, to guarantee preventive effect after 5-10 days paddy rice of transplanting turn green.

Further, rice harvest, transportation, storage processing and byproduct for treatment requirement are:

When the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, select fine in good time results, forbid in highway, bituminous paving and with serious pollution local threshing, shine paddy;

Means of transport should clean, drying, and rainproof facility is arranged, and forbids and the mixed fortune of poisonous, as to be harmful to, to be corrosive, to have peculiar smell article;

In lucifuge, normal temperature, drying with the place storage of moistureproof facility is arranged, storage facilities should clean, dry, ventilate, without insect pest and the plague of rats, forbid with poisonous, be harmful to, be corrosive, easy mixed the depositing of article mouldy, that become damp, have peculiar smell;

Process the place of nuisanceless paddy on every side without pollution source, the processing factory building keeps purifying to be produced, and forbids to use the chemosynthesis agent, and is rigid in checking up through the program of initial survey, reinspection, sampling observation.

The method of Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing provided by the invention is selected to meet the base, the place of production of non-pollution rice production standard, and is selected the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties; Select of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling, and carry out the seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling; Behind the straw-returning, carry out no-tillage cast-transplanted and many tillers rice transplanting; Take base manure as leading, topdressing and as auxiliary principle non-pollution rice is applied fertilizer, carry out simultaneously rice mixture; Comprehensive prevention and control disease pest and weed, when the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, the fine in good time results of choosing; The paddy of results is preserved processing and byproduct for treatment; The rice quality that the method is produced is good, output is high, safety nuisance free, and planting cost is lower, and management method is simple, has stronger propagation and employment and is worth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the realization flow figure of the method for the Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing that provides of the embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described in detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the present invention, and be not used in and limit invention.

Fig. 1 shows the realization flow of the method for the Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing that the embodiment of the invention provides.

The method may further comprise the steps:

In step S101, select to meet the base, the place of production of non-pollution rice production standard, and select the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties;

In step S102, select of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling, and carry out the seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling;

In step S103, behind the straw-returning, carry out no-tillage cast-transplanted and many tillers rice transplanting;

In step S104, take base manure as leading, topdressing and as auxiliary principle non-pollution rice is applied fertilizer, carry out simultaneously rice mixture;

In step S105, comprehensive prevention and control disease pest and weed, when the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, the fine in good time results of choosing;

In step S106, the paddy of results is preserved processing and byproduct for treatment.

In embodiments of the present invention, accomplish the pollution source without industrial and mining enterprises around the production base, obvious pollution source region is arranged more than 1 kilometer apart from hospital, main traffic main line, base, rice field water condition is good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plough horizon is deep, fertile, permeability is good, pH value 5.5-7, content of organic matter 1.2%-2%, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are given prominence to;

When selecting the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties, avoid a family, one group, village plantation single variety.

In embodiments of the present invention, of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard are:

Have the leaf tiller during shoot transplanting equipment with stretching, individual plant is tillered many, and the sheath armpit contains grows sturdy tiller bud, and the shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is suitable; It is green that seedling is endured leaf, and the growth neat and consistent is without damage by disease and insect; Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo; The anti-overstrain of planting is strong, and seedling leaf look light green, and blade is little curved, and middle seedling leaf look green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely, and seedlings leaf look pale green, blade are firmly straight, and strong seedling morphological index is: leaf age 5-6 leaf, and height of seedling 15-16 centimetre, 2-3 of band tiller is with tiller strain rate more than 80%;

Seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling technical regulation is:

(1) prepare in the seedbed: (1) seedbed is selected, and selects leewardly to face south, draining is unobstructed, the vegetable plot of fertile soil, fine texture, deep loose ventilation or water water the nonirrigated farmland and does the seedbed; (2) seedbed and land for growing field crops area, seedbed, non-irrigated seedling ground is general wide 1.4 meters, and furrow width or aisle are wide 0.4 meter, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs about 60 square metres in clean seedbed, and namely 20 meters long seedbeds just can plant one mu of land for growing field crops; (3) fostered and apply fertilizer before the winter, fostering and apply fertilizer in the seedbed is a long process, and all will carry out every year, and 10 kilograms of family's animal manures are used in every square metre of seedbed, and 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate is repeatedly ploughed rake, and loam is handed over mixed, one season of winter kind vegetables or green manure, by the end of February clear garden; (4) fertilising desinsection, front 7-10 days of sowing, every square metre of seedbed applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3-5 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate, 0.03 kilogram in potassium chloride, 0.01 kilogram of 3% phoxim baythion granule, by plough → apply fertilizer → program of hack carries out, and turns over hoe 3 times, degree of depth 10-15 centimetre, the table soil that institute's fertilise and medicament and 10-15 centimetre is dark stirs, otherwise easily produces fertilizer damage; (5) seedling strengthen agent sterilization: fully puddle evenly with 1 kilogram of seedling strengthen agent and 15 kilograms of fine earths, pile vexed one day after, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed about 30 square metres, with rake evenly rake enter the 3-5 cm layer of soil, then water permeable, uneven such as the seedbed, available plank flattens gently, waits to sow;

(2) sowing epiphragma: water the water of revealing the exact details, flatten after the bed surface, the sowing program is: sowing → pressing → earthing → eliminate → epiphragma;

(1) seed treatment:

Bask seeds: select fine the solarization 2-3 days, utilize the solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization;

Seed selection: select the wet concentration mode to choose seeds, namely eluriate seed, pull floating seed out;

Sterilization: a. kind clothing agent seed dressing; B. hot water treatment of seeds: first seed is put into clear water and soaked 24 hours, then moved in the warm water that is dipped in 45-47 ℃ preheating 5 minutes, change again in the lukewarm water that is dipped in 50-52 ℃ 10 minutes, then put into cold water and continue seed soaking, until reach germinate require till;

(2) determine the method for date of seeding: generally take 12 ℃ of minimum temperatures for the long-grained nonglutinous rice germination of daily mean temperature, the moistening seedling of general comparable film of non-irrigated seedling planting phase is done sth. in advance 7-10 days, and the area of non-irrigated seedling height above sea level below 600 meters sowed in 10-25 day in March; Height above sea level 600-800 rice and the zone more than 800 meters since plantation be in, early-maturing variety, generally should before April 5, finish non-irrigated seedling planting, transplant seedlings slower, sowing should be rare, must cultivate the strong seedling transplanting of many tillers land for growing field crops;

(3) seeding quantity: the amount by every square metre of 20-30 gram is broadcast even seed rice, and the seedlings Transplanting Density should be rare, and the seedling Transplanting Density should be close;

(4) seeding method: will irrigate bed soil before the sowing, claim that kind to the railway carriage or compartment, then uniform broadcasting gently suppresses, and seed three faces are buried, and covers the fine earth that 1 cm thick is got ready, must cover evenly, seed can not expose outside the soil, but can not blinding too thick;

(5) chemical weed control: spray " non-irrigated seedling is clean " herbicides special behind the sowing blinding;

(6) epiphragma mode: adopt two films to cover, the method for film and the low bow member lid film that namely tiles, low bow member lid membrane process is exactly to slight with bamboo to set up high 20-30 centimetre bow member, then covers film, uses soil with the film compacting compacting all around;

(3) seedbed management:

(1) temperature treatment in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases: answer heat and moisture preserving, the neat seedling of stratification is not generally taken off film, does not water; B.1.5 to 2.5 leaves: after temperature is stablized by 12 ℃, open adventitia two and ventilate, open cross-ventilation window and fixing on both sides, after applying fertilizer moisturizing the first time, throw off the inner membrance of tiling; Adventitia will be taken off by first quarter moon before transplanting seedlings, and temperature in the shed remains on about 25 ℃ and is advisable;

(2) water management in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases, take moisturizing as main, generally do not take off film, seedling is not wilted, and does not water; B.2.5 the leaf phase, supply bed soil moisture in conjunction with imposing tillering fertilizer, supplied moisture content and get final product in conjunction with topdressing in per about 10 days, must not take off film before rice shoot is tillered and drench with rain; C. take off the water management of film before throw to plant, generally when occurring the rice shoot blade sooner or later without the globule or the sooner or later native drying of bed or noon blade clot, select at dusk or morning in conjunction with topdressing moisturizing; D. hazard weather seedbed water management is wanted timely epiphragma seedling-protection if meet low temperature, strong wind rainy day;

(3) fertilizer management:

The drought seedling needn't be applied fertilizer as last at 2.5 leaves, especially used the seedbed of seedling strengthen agent, 2.5 the leaf phase can be executed primary tillering fertilizer with clear liquid dung, imposed later on once clear liquid dung in per about 10 days, the principle of topdressing is first light rear dense, take off and add 0.05 kilogram every square metre in urea with clear liquid dung again behind the film and carry seedling, plant and executed " send and transfer fertilizer " in front 10 days;

(4) the anti-worm plague of rats of curing the disease:

The drought seedling is watered 15 kilograms of sprayings with 55% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 50 grams seedling stage, prevents and treats damping off; Dislike mould clever wetting powder 10 grams with 10% and be watered 15 kilograms of sprayings, prevent and treat bakanae disease; The front compacting of emerging all around film prevents the plague of rats.

In embodiments of the present invention, during no-tillage cast-transplanted, the water source is lived, irrigated easily double-crop field, widely popularize no-tillage, throwing cultivation, concrete grammar is: after wheat, the rape harvesting, in time with the full field of the even tiling of stalk, mu is executed 2 kilograms of rotten stalk spirits, floods the deep water soaked field, the depth of water is applied fertilizer after reaching 10-15 centimetre, throw cultivation 1.8-2.0 ten thousand nest droughts for every mu and educate many tillers rice shoot, throwing is sorted out management channels after planting, and the rice shoot that will hang in wheat stake, the rape stake when even close benefit is rare is placed on the place that the seedling root can touch water; Drought seedling raising band soil can directly be thrown cultivation, irrigates the seedbed at water the previous day of throwing cultivation;

Straw-returning is during many tillers rice transplanting, except the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that guarantees without the water source, shake the field and all can adopt straw directly returning to field, many tillers rice transplanting, concrete grammar is: behind the harvesting wheat head, discharge water and stir the limit, with the straw Tanaka that directly turns over, fertilising cultivated land, the shallow water rice transplanting is poured water after 3-4 days after throwing again and is turned green.

In embodiments of the present invention, during the non-pollution rice fertilising, take base manure as leading, topdressing as auxiliary, base manure accounts for more than 90% of total fertilizer application amount, should see the seedling fertilising and topdress, total consumption is controlled in 10%, and no longer uses topdressing of any kind in front 30 days in rice harves;

Base manure is take fertilizer as main principle, the base manure that non-pollution rice is produced, and take the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, the adapted biological organic fertilizer bans use of chemistry and bio-fertilizer without country, the registration of provincial agricultural sector; The fertilizer and the nitrate fertilizer that ban use of content of beary metal to exceed standard;

Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, general fertilizer accounts for more than 30% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O) 1: 0.5: 1, concrete consumption was controlled at purity nitrogen (N) 12-15 kilogram, phosphorus (P ₂O ₅) 6-7 kilogram, potassium (K ₂O) 12-15 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, general mu is executed 1000 kilograms of barnyard manures, 40 kilograms of special formulation fertilizer for rice;

During rice mixture, the method for a cultivation: the one, less field can lie around and plant, and larger field adopts and plants delegation's glutinous rice every four lines between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house hybrid rice, about nest distance 1.5 chis.

In embodiments of the present invention, during the comprehensive prevention and control of disease pest and weed, cultural control:

Select the kind of resistance, kind is rotated at regular intervals, and adopts the rational tillage system, crop rotation, breeding combination;

Physical control: adopt black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit trapping Lepidoptera, homoptera pest, arrange by the anti-50-80 mu of every lamp control, lamp is installed on crop 1.5-2 rice high tree bar or electric pole, during the 3-8 month, turn on light 8 o'clock every nights, turn off the light 6 o'clock mornings, if meet strong wind, thunderstorm weather should be turned off the light evening;

Biological control: utilize biologic product, do not producing any toxic side effects, guaranteeing under Environmental security, the non-harmful prerequisite of product, insect-killing trapping, control the method for preventing and treating of disease;

Gyplure control snout moth's larva: contain the phase for moth appearance, mu lures core to place the rice field with 4-6 piece of striped rice borer at each;

The line song is is rather prevented and treated false smut: before the paddy rice cut 5-7 days, mu was watered 45 kilograms of saturated sprayings when mist dew is arranged in the morning with 350 milliliters in the bent peaceful preparation of 20% line;

Chemical control: the banned pesticides that should strictly ban use of country to promulgate when selecting the chemical agent medication bans use of the agricultural chemicals of any type in front 28 days in rice harves;

Major Diseases control: to rice blast and false smut, transplant seedlings front 3-5 days with 750 times of liquid seedbeds sprayings of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or when transplanting seedlings with above-mentioned Fusarium Wilt of Sweet seedling with minimizing bacterium source, land for growing field crops; Secondly, in the paddy rice cut phase, mu is watered 45 kilograms of conventional sprayings with 20 milliliters of 20% well alkene tricyclazole, 150 grams or 30% Difenoconazole missible oil, prevents panicle blast and false smut; Rice blast Chang Faqu or repeating transmission district also need again medication once when the neat fringe of paddy rice;

The rice sheath blight: in tillering stage, mu is watered 45 kilograms with 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder, 100 grams and sprays to rice clump base portion as far as possible;

Major Pests control: paddy stem borer, striped rice borer, generally 7-10 days mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 30 milliliters of 100 milliliters of 1% first dimension salt missible oil or 10% A Wei fipronil bisamide suspension emulsions and prevents and treats " the withered heart " after cultivation; The paddy rice cut phase in conjunction with the control " dead ears " that uses the same method of prevention rice blast and false smut;

For rice fulgorid, in mid or late July, hundred strain worm amounts are found more than 1500 in the field, namely answer the medication control, and mu is watered 45 kilograms with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 30 grams, is sprayed in rice strain middle and lower part;

For rice plant skipper and rice leaf roller, generally contain in late July to early August and send out, to choose the repeating transmission field and control, mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 90% trichlorphon, 200 grams;

For rice thrips, when seedling stage, blade tip crimp percent 10% was above, mu restrained with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 30 and is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings;

Weed control: the one, strengthen artificial weeding, the 2nd, chemical weed control bans use of chlorine sulphur to swell and metsulfuron-methyl, and non-irrigated seedling is medication before the bud after broadcasting; The land for growing field crops is selected the paddy rice herbicides special to adopt the pesticide-clay mixture method to spread fertilizer over the fields, and is kept shallow water, to guarantee preventive effect after 5-10 days paddy rice of transplanting turn green.

In embodiments of the present invention, rice harvest, transportation, storage processing and byproduct for treatment requirement are:

When the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, select fine in good time results, forbid in highway, bituminous paving and with serious pollution local threshing, shine paddy;

Means of transport should clean, drying, and rainproof facility is arranged, and forbids and the mixed fortune of poisonous, as to be harmful to, to be corrosive, to have peculiar smell article;

In lucifuge, normal temperature, drying with the place storage of moistureproof facility is arranged, storage facilities should clean, dry, ventilate, without insect pest and the plague of rats, forbid with poisonous, be harmful to, be corrosive, easy mixed the depositing of article mouldy, that become damp, have peculiar smell;

Process the place of nuisanceless paddy on every side without pollution source, the processing factory building keeps purifying to be produced, and forbids to use the chemosynthesis agent, and is rigid in checking up through the program of initial survey, reinspection, sampling observation.

Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments application principle of the present invention is further described.

1, home environment condition:

Accomplish the pollution source without industrial and mining enterprises around the production base, obvious pollution source region is arranged more than 1 kilometer apart from hospital, main traffic main line etc.The base, rice field must select water condition good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and plough horizon is deep, fertile, permeability is good, pH value 5.5-7, and content of organic matter 1.2%-2% has the preferably field of water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability.

2, select the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties:

Select by national or local authorization and in locality test, demonstration and show preferably high-quality, high-yield rice kind.According to county's actual conditions, for reducing the popular risk of rice neck pest, should avoid a family, one group, village plantation single variety as far as possible.

3, non-irrigated seedling-cultivation technique:

3.1, of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard

At first, have the leaf tiller during shoot transplanting equipment with stretching, individual plant is tillered many, and the sheath armpit contains grows sturdy tiller bud, and the shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is suitable; Secondly, it is green that seedling is endured leaf, and the growth neat and consistent is without damage by disease and insect; The 3rd, rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo; The 4th, the anti-overstrain of planting is strong, and seedling leaf look light green, and blade is little curved.Middle seedling leaf look green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely.Seedlings leaf look pale green, blade are firmly straight.Strong seedling morphological index is: leaf age 5-6 leaf, and height of seedling 15-16 centimetre, 2-3 of band tiller, band tiller strain rate is more than 80%.

3.2, seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling technical regulation

3.2.1, the seedbed prepares

(1) seedbed is selected.Select leeward on the sunny side, the vegetable plot of unobstructed, the fertile soil of draining, fine texture, deep loose ventilation or water waters the nonirrigated farmland and does the seedbed.(2) seedbed and land for growing field crops area.Seedbed, drought seedling ground is general wide 1.4 meters, and furrow width or aisle are wide 0.4 meter, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs about 60 square metres in clean seedbed, and namely 20 meters long seedbeds just can plant one mu of land for growing field crops.(3) fostered and apply fertilizer before the winter.Fostering and apply fertilizer in the seedbed is a long process, and all will carry out every year, and 10 kilograms of family's animal manures are used in every square metre of seedbed, and 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate is repeatedly ploughed rake, and loam is handed over mixed, one season of winter kind vegetables or green manure, by the end of February clear garden.(4) fertilising desinsection.Front 7-10 days of sowing, every square metre of seedbed applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3-5 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate, 0.03 kilogram in potassium chloride, 0.01 kilogram of 3% phoxim baythion granule, by plough → apply fertilizer → program of hack carries out, and turns over 3 times (degree of depth 10-15 centimetre) of hoe, the table soil that institute's fertilise and medicament and 10-15 centimetre is dark stirs, otherwise easily produces fertilizer damage.(5) seedling strengthen agent sterilization: fully puddle evenly with 1 kilogram of seedling strengthen agent and 15 kilograms of fine earths, pile vexed one day after, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed about 30 square metres, with rake evenly rake enter the 3-5 cm layer of soil, then water permeable, uneven such as the seedbed, available plank flattens gently, waits to sow.

3.2.2, the sowing epiphragma

Water the water of revealing the exact details, flatten after the bed surface, the sowing program is: sowing → pressing → earthing → eliminate → epiphragma.

(1) seed treatment.

Bask seeds: select fine the solarization 2-3 days, utilize the solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization, distribute carbonic acid gas and moisture, strengthen simultaneously seed rice gas permeability and water absorbing force, impel enzyme activation, thereby improve germination rate and germination vigor, reach the neat and consistent of emerging.

Seed selection: seed selection can go flatly to stay fullly, dwindles mass discrepancy between seed, and the multiselect wet concentration is namely eluriated seed at present, pulls floating seed out.

Sterilization: the many diseases of paddy rice are by seed transmission, such as rice blast, bakanae disease, bacterial leaf-blight, Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice etc.Therefore, be necessary seed is carried out strict sterilization.Method commonly used has at present: a. kind clothing agent seed dressing: plant the clothing agent by the coating agent for seed that the materials such as agricultural chemicals, trace element, fertilizer form, the effects such as diseases prevention, insect protected, anti-bird and rat preservative are arranged.B. hot water treatment of seeds: first seed is put into clear water and soaked 24 hours, then moved in the warm water that is dipped in 45-47 ℃ preheating 5 minutes, change again in the lukewarm water that is dipped in 50-52 ℃ 10 minutes, then put into cold water and continue seed soaking, until reach germinate require till.This method also can kill seed with germ.

(2) determine the method for date of seeding.General take 12 ℃ of minimum temperatures of germinateing as long-grained nonglutinous rice of daily mean temperature, and be the time that is pushed into forward the required length of time rice seedlings grow by transplanting time suitable sowing time.The drought seedling is more low temperature resistant, and the moistening seedling of general comparable film in sowing time is done sth. in advance 7-10 days, but ahead of time or postpone, and answers apparent temperature, late autumn crops for rotation, transplants the length of time rice seedlings grow and decide.The area of drought seedling height above sea level below 600 meters sowed in 10-25 day in March; Height above sea level 600-800 rice and the zone more than 800 meters since plantation be in, early-maturing variety, generally should before April 5, finish non-irrigated seedling planting, transplant seedlings slower, sowing should be rare, must cultivate the strong seedling transplanting of many tillers land for growing field crops, becomes fringe neat to guarantee main seedling with tillered nursery plant.

(3) seeding quantity.Amount by every square metre of 20-30 gram is broadcast even seed rice.The seedlings Transplanting Density should be rare, and the seedling Transplanting Density should be close.

(4) seeding method.To irrigate bed soil before the sowing.Claim to plant to the railway carriage or compartment, uniform broadcasting, then gently suppression is buried seed three faces, covers the fine earth that 1 cm thick is got ready.Must cover evenly, seed can not expose outside the soil, but can not blinding too thick, otherwise rice shoot is thin and delicate.

(5) chemical weed control.Spray " non-irrigated seedling is clean " herbicides special behind the sowing blinding, not only played spraying and watered the effect of bed surface, and guaranteed to endanger without weeds seedling stage.

(6) epiphragma mode.Adopt two films to cover, that is: the method for tiling film and low bow member lid film.Low bow member lid membrane process is exactly to slight with bamboo to set up high 20-30 centimetre bow member, then covers film, uses soil with the film compacting compacting all around.

3.2.3, seedbed management

The emphasis of seedbed management is temperature and moisture

(1) temperature treatment in seedbed

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases: answer heat and moisture preserving, the neat seedling of stratification.Generally do not take off film (comprising inner membrance), do not water.B.1.5 to 2.5 leaves: being the critical period of temperature control hardening, also is the critical days that physiological is found withered and bacterial wilt.After temperature is stablized by 12 ℃, open adventitia two and ventilate, open cross-ventilation window and fixing on both sides, after applying fertilizer moisturizing the first time, throw off the inner membrance of tiling; Adventitia will be taken off by first quarter moon before transplanting seedlings, and temperature in the shed remains on about 25 ℃ and is advisable.

(2) water management in seedbed

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases.Take moisturizing as main, generally do not take off film, seedling is not wilted, and does not water; B.2.5 leaf phase.Supply bed soil moisture in conjunction with imposing tillering fertilizer.Supplied moisture content in conjunction with topdressing and get final product in per about 10 days later on.Must not take off film before rice shoot is tillered and drench with rain, otherwise, can not normal growth even the dead seedling seedling rot of meeting.C. take off film to the water management of throwing before planting.Generally when occurring the rice shoot blade sooner or later without the globule or the sooner or later native drying of bed or noon blade clot, select at dusk or morning in conjunction with topdressing moisturizing.D. hazard weather seedbed water management.If chance low temperature, strong wind rainy day want timely epiphragma seedling-protection rainwater-proof enter the seedbed, in order to avoid soil moisture is excessive, the soil temperature rapid drawdown, and cause the rice shoot physiological disease.

(3) fertilizer management.

The drought seedling needn't be applied fertilizer as last at 2.5 leaves, has especially used the seedbed of seedling strengthen agent, and fertilizer efficiency generally can be kept the long term.2.5 the leaf phase can be executed primary tillering fertilizer with clear liquid dung, imposes once clear liquid dung in later per about 10 days, the principle of topdressing is first light rear dense, takes off to add urea (0.05 kilogram every square metre) with clear liquid dung again behind the film and carry seedling.Plant and executed " send and transfer fertilizer " in front 10 days.

(4) the anti-worm plague of rats of curing the disease.Drought seedling sprout term disease mainly is that damping off, Huang (in vain) are changed disease and bakanae disease, in time prevent and treat.Be watered 15 kilograms of sprayings with 55% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 50 grams, prevent and treat damping off; Dislike mould clever wetting powder 10 grams with 10% and be watered 15 kilograms of sprayings, prevent and treat bakanae disease; The front compacting of emerging all around film prevents the plague of rats.

4, return crop stocks to the field, many tillers throw to plant

4.1, no-tillage cast-transplanted.The water source is lived, irrigated easily double-crop field, widely popularize no-tillage, throwing cultivation, to reduce production costs, increase agriculture benefit.Its method is: after wheat, the rape harvesting, and the full field of in time stalk evenly being tiled, mu is executed 2 kilograms of rotten stalk spirits, floods the deep water soaked field, fertilising after the depth of water reaches 10-15 centimetre.Throw cultivation 1.8-2.0 ten thousand nest droughts for every mu and educate many tillers rice shoot.Sort out management channels after throwing cultivation, the rice shoot that will hang in wheat stake, the rape stake when even close benefit is rare is placed on the place that the seedling root can touch water; Drought seedling raising band soil can directly be thrown cultivation.Irrigate the seedbed at water the previous day of throwing cultivation, in order to shake seedling multi-band soil, improve the upright seedling rate of planting of throwing.

4.2, straw-returning, many tillers rice transplanting.Except the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that guarantees without the water source, shake the field and all can adopt straw directly returning to field, many tillers rice transplanting, this cost-saving synergistic, the method for cultivating that reduces labor intensity.Its method is: behind the harvesting wheat head, discharges water and stirs the limit, and with the straw Tanaka that directly turns over, fertilising cultivated land, the shallow water rice transplanting, carrying seedling throwing method is identical with " 4.1 ".Pour water again after 3-4 days after throwing and turn green, increase the work of filling the gaps with seedlings in order to avoid float seedling.

5, fertilization principle

5.1, non-pollution rice production advocate take base manure as main, topdress as auxiliary principle.Base manure accounts for more than 90% of total fertilizer application amount, should see the seedling fertilising and topdress, and its total consumption is controlled in 10%, and no longer uses topdressing of any kind in front 30 days in rice harves.

5.2, base manure is take fertilizer as main principle.The base manure that non-pollution rice is produced, take the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, the adapted biological organic fertilizer.Ban use of chemistry and bio-fertilizer without country, the registration of provincial agricultural sector; The fertilizer and the nitrate fertilizer that ban use of content of beary metal to exceed standard.

5.3, rational application of fertilizers.Widely popularize fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, general fertilizer accounts for more than 30% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O) 1: 0.5: 1.Concrete consumption is controlled at purity nitrogen (N) 12-15 kilogram, phosphorus (P ₂O ₅) 6-7 kilogram, potassium (K ₂O) 12-15 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram.General mu is executed 1000 kilograms of barnyard manures, 40 kilograms of special formulation fertilizer for rice.

6, rice mixture

Adopt rice mixture both can utilize fully luminous energy, increase output, the generation that can utilize bio-diversity to alleviate damage by disease and insect again should be widelyd popularize.Between the method for planting: the one, less field can lie around and plant, larger field adopts and plants delegation's glutinous rice every four lines between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house hybrid rice, about nest distance 1.5 chis.

7, the comprehensive prevention and control of disease pest and weed

7.1, cultural control

Select the kind of resistance.Kind is rotated at regular intervals, and keeps varietal resistance, the generation that alleviates damage by disease and insect.Adopt the rational tillage system, the measures such as crop rotation, breeding (rice duck, rice fish etc.) combination reduce the generation of pest.

7.2, physical control

Adopt physical unit trapping Lepidoptera, the homoptera pests such as black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table, such as the snout moth's larva of rice, rice leaf roller, rice plant skipper, rice fulgorid, mythimna separata etc.Frequently the lamp desinsection that shakes is arranged by the anti-50-80 mu of every lamp control, and lamp is installed on crop 1.5-2 rice high tree bar or electric pole.During the 3-8 month, turn on light 8 o'clock every nights, and turn off the light 6 o'clock mornings, if meet strong wind, thunderstorm weather should be turned off the light evening.

7.3, biological control

Utilize biologic product, do not producing any toxic side effects, guaranteeing under Environmental security, the non-harmful prerequisite of product, insect-killing trapping, control the method for preventing and treating of disease.

7.3.1, gyplure control snout moth's larva.Contain the phase for moth appearance, mu lures core to place the rice field with 4-6 piece of striped rice borer at each, and target is accurate, and the trapping rate is high, can cause harm by the establishment striped rice borer.

7.3.2, the line song rather prevents and treats false smut.Before the paddy rice cut 5-7 days, mu was watered 45 kilograms of saturated sprayings when mist dew is arranged in the morning with 350 milliliters in the bent peaceful preparation of 20% line.

7.4, chemical control

In case of necessity, need the damage by disease and insect with Agro-chemicals control, the banned pesticides that should strictly ban use of country to promulgate when selecting medication bans use of the agricultural chemicals of any type in front 28 days in rice harves.

7.4.1, Major Diseases control

7.4.1.1, rice blast and false smut.At first, going to the field with medicine is the effective measures that control rice seedlings pest are the most laborsaving, save money, and its method is: transplant seedlings front 3-5 days with 750 times of liquid seedbeds sprayings of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or when transplanting seedlings with above-mentioned Fusarium Wilt of Sweet seedling with minimizing bacterium source, land for growing field crops; Secondly, in the paddy rice cut phase, mu is watered 45 kilograms of conventional sprayings with 20 milliliters of 20% well alkene tricyclazole, 150 grams or 30% Difenoconazole missible oil, prevents panicle blast and false smut; Rice blast Chang Faqu or repeating transmission district also need again medication once when the neat fringe of paddy rice.

7.4.1.2, the rice sheath blight.In tillering stage, mu is watered 45 kilograms with 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder, 100 grams and sprays to rice clump base portion as far as possible.

7.4.2, Major Pests control

7.4.2.1, paddy stem borer, striped rice borer.Generally 7-10 days mu is watered 45 kilograms of spraying controls " the withered heart " with 30 milliliters of 100 milliliters of 1% first dimension salt missible oil or 10% A Wei fipronil bisamide suspension emulsions after cultivation; The paddy rice cut phase in conjunction with the control " dead ears " that uses the same method of prevention rice blast and false smut.

7.4.2.2, rice fulgorid.Belong to migratory pest, " happen suddenly, break out " characteristic is arranged, throughout the year in mid or late July, hundred strain worm amounts are found more than 1500 in the field, namely answer the medication control.Mu is watered 45 kilograms with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 30 grams, is sprayed in rice strain middle and lower part.

7.4.2.3, rice plant skipper and rice leaf roller.Generally contain in late July to early August and send out, will choose the repeating transmission field and control, mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 90% trichlorphon, 200 grams.

7.4.2.4, rice thrips.When seedling stage, blade tip crimp percent 10% was above, mu restrained with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 30 and is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings.

7.4.3, weed control

The one, strengthen artificial weeding.The 2nd, chemical weed control bans use of chlorine sulphur to swell and metsulfuron-methyl.Drought seedling medication before the bud after broadcasting; The land for growing field crops is selected the paddy rice herbicides special to adopt the pesticide-clay mixture method to spread fertilizer over the fields, and is kept shallow water, to guarantee preventive effect after 5-10 days paddy rice of transplanting turn green.

8, results, transportation, storage processing and byproduct for treatment requirement

8.1, results.When the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, select fine in good time results.Forbid in highway, bituminous paving and with serious pollution local threshing, shine paddy.

8.2, the transportation.Means of transport should clean, drying, and rainproof facility is arranged.Forbid and the mixed fortune of poisonous, as to be harmful to, to be corrosive, to have peculiar smell article.

8.3, the storage.In lucifuge, normal temperature, drying with the place storage of moistureproof facility is arranged.Storage facilities should clean, dry, ventilate, without insect pest and the plague of rats.Forbid with poisonous, be harmful to, be corrosive, easy mixed the depositing of article mouldy, that become damp, have peculiar smell.

8.4, processing.Process the place of nuisanceless paddy on every side without pollution source, the processing factory building keeps purifying to be produced.Forbid to use the chemosynthesis agent, and be rigid in checking up through the program of initial survey, reinspection, sampling observation, in case pollute again.

Pollution-free food long-grain nonglutinous rice quality index

The method of the Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing that the embodiment of the invention provides is selected to meet the base, the place of production of non-pollution rice production standard, and is selected the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties; Select of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling, and carry out the seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling; Behind the straw-returning, carry out no-tillage cast-transplanted and many tillers rice transplanting; Take base manure as leading, topdressing and as auxiliary principle non-pollution rice is applied fertilizer, carry out simultaneously rice mixture; Comprehensive prevention and control disease pest and weed, when the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, the fine in good time results of choosing; The paddy of results is preserved processing and byproduct for treatment; The rice quality that the method is produced is good, output is high, safety nuisance free, and planting cost is lower, and management method is simple, has stronger propagation and employment and is worth.

The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the method for a Rice Non-polluted high-yield culturing is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:

Selection meets the base, the place of production of non-pollution rice production standard, and selects the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties;

Select of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling, and carry out the seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling;

Behind the straw-returning, carry out no-tillage cast-transplanted and many tillers rice transplanting;

Take base manure as leading, topdressing and as auxiliary principle non-pollution rice is applied fertilizer, carry out simultaneously rice mixture;

Comprehensive prevention and control disease pest and weed, when the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, the fine in good time results of choosing;

The paddy of results is preserved processing and byproduct for treatment.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, accomplish the pollution source without industrial and mining enterprises around the production base, obvious pollution source region is arranged more than 1 kilometer apart from hospital, main traffic main line, base, rice field water condition is good, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, plough horizon is deep, fertile, permeability is good, pH value 5.5-7, content of organic matter 1.2%-2%, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are given prominence to;

When selecting the good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties, avoid a family, one group, village plantation single variety.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, of the right age non-irrigated seedling and strong seedling standard are:

Have the leaf tiller during shoot transplanting equipment with stretching, individual plant is tillered many, and the sheath armpit contains grows sturdy tiller bud, and the shoot transplanting equipment population leaf area is suitable; It is green that seedling is endured leaf, and the growth neat and consistent is without damage by disease and insect; Rice shoot is short strong, and rooting ability is strong, well developed root system, Bai Genduo; The anti-overstrain of planting is strong, and seedling leaf look light green, and blade is little curved, and middle seedling leaf look green, and leaf is not very hung down loosely, and seedlings leaf look pale green, blade are firmly straight, and strong seedling morphological index is: leaf age 5-6 leaf, and height of seedling 15-16 centimetre, 2-3 of band tiller is with tiller strain rate more than 80%;

Seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling technical regulation is:

(1) prepare in the seedbed: (1) seedbed is selected, and selects leewardly to face south, draining is unobstructed, the vegetable plot of fertile soil, fine texture, deep loose ventilation or water water the nonirrigated farmland and does the seedbed; (2) seedbed and land for growing field crops area, seedbed, non-irrigated seedling ground is general wide 1.4 meters, and furrow width or aisle are wide 0.4 meter, and every mu of land for growing field crops needs about 60 square metres in clean seedbed, and namely 20 meters long seedbeds just can plant one mu of land for growing field crops; (3) fostered and apply fertilizer before the winter, fostering and apply fertilizer in the seedbed is a long process, and all will carry out every year, and 10 kilograms of family's animal manures are used in every square metre of seedbed, and 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate is repeatedly ploughed rake, and loam is handed over mixed, one season of winter kind vegetables or green manure, by the end of February clear garden; (4) fertilising desinsection, front 7-10 days of sowing, every square metre of seedbed applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3-5 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of superphosphate, 0.03 kilogram in potassium chloride, 0.01 kilogram of 3% phoxim baythion granule, by plough → apply fertilizer → program of hack carries out, and turns over hoe 3 times, degree of depth 10-15 centimetre, the table soil that institute's fertilise and medicament and 10-15 centimetre is dark stirs, otherwise easily produces fertilizer damage; (5) seedling strengthen agent sterilization: fully puddle evenly with 1 kilogram of seedling strengthen agent and 15 kilograms of fine earths, pile vexed one day after, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed about 30 square metres, with rake evenly rake enter the 3-5 cm layer of soil, then water permeable, uneven such as the seedbed, available plank flattens gently, waits to sow;

(2) sowing epiphragma: water the water of revealing the exact details, flatten after the bed surface, the sowing program is: sowing → pressing → earthing → eliminate → epiphragma;

(1) seed treatment:

Bask seeds: select fine the solarization 2-3 days, utilize the solar ultraviolet disinfection and deinsectization;

Seed selection: select the wet concentration mode to choose seeds, namely eluriate seed, pull floating seed out;

Sterilization: a. kind clothing agent seed dressing; B. hot water treatment of seeds: first seed is put into clear water and soaked 24 hours, then moved in the warm water that is dipped in 45-47 ℃ preheating 5 minutes, change again in the lukewarm water that is dipped in 50-52 ℃ 10 minutes, then put into cold water and continue seed soaking, until reach germinate require till;

(2) determine the method for date of seeding: generally take 12 ℃ of minimum temperatures for the long-grained nonglutinous rice germination of daily mean temperature, the moistening seedling of general comparable film of non-irrigated seedling planting phase is done sth. in advance 7-10 days, and the area of non-irrigated seedling height above sea level below 600 meters sowed in 10-25 day in March; Height above sea level 600-800 rice and the zone more than 800 meters since plantation be in, early-maturing variety, generally should before April 5, finish non-irrigated seedling planting, transplant seedlings slower, sowing should be rare, must cultivate the strong seedling transplanting of many tillers land for growing field crops;

(3) seeding quantity: the amount by every square metre of 20-30 gram is broadcast even seed rice, and the seedlings Transplanting Density should be rare, and the seedling Transplanting Density should be close;

(4) seeding method: will irrigate bed soil before the sowing, claim that kind to the railway carriage or compartment, then uniform broadcasting gently suppresses, and seed three faces are buried, and covers the fine earth that 1 cm thick is got ready, must cover evenly, seed can not expose outside the soil, but can not blinding too thick;

(5) chemical weed control: spray " non-irrigated seedling is clean " herbicides special behind the sowing blinding;

(6) epiphragma mode: adopt two films to cover, the method for film and the low bow member lid film that namely tiles, low bow member lid membrane process is exactly to slight with bamboo to set up high 20-30 centimetre bow member, then covers film, uses soil with the film compacting compacting all around;

(3) seedbed management:

(1) temperature treatment in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases: answer heat and moisture preserving, the neat seedling of stratification is not generally taken off film, does not water; B.1.5 to 2.5 leaves: after temperature is stablized by 12 ℃, open adventitia two and ventilate, open cross-ventilation window and fixing on both sides, after applying fertilizer moisturizing the first time, throw off the inner membrance of tiling; Adventitia will be taken off by first quarter moon before transplanting seedlings, and temperature in the shed remains on about 25 ℃ and is advisable;

(2) water management in seedbed:

A. sow to 1.5 leaf phases, take moisturizing as main, generally do not take off film, seedling is not wilted, and does not water; B.2.5 the leaf phase, supply bed soil moisture in conjunction with imposing tillering fertilizer, supplied moisture content and get final product in conjunction with topdressing in per about 10 days, must not take off film before rice shoot is tillered and drench with rain; C. take off the water management of film before throw to plant, generally when occurring the rice shoot blade sooner or later without the globule or the sooner or later native drying of bed or noon blade clot, select at dusk or morning in conjunction with topdressing moisturizing; D. hazard weather seedbed water management is wanted timely epiphragma seedling-protection if meet low temperature, strong wind rainy day;

(3) fertilizer management:

The drought seedling needn't be applied fertilizer as last at 2.5 leaves, especially used the seedbed of seedling strengthen agent, 2.5 the leaf phase can be executed primary tillering fertilizer with clear liquid dung, imposed later on once clear liquid dung in per about 10 days, the principle of topdressing is first light rear dense, take off and add 0.05 kilogram every square metre in urea with clear liquid dung again behind the film and carry seedling, plant and executed " send and transfer fertilizer " in front 10 days;

(4) the anti-worm plague of rats of curing the disease:

The drought seedling is watered 15 kilograms of sprayings with 55% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 50 grams seedling stage, prevents and treats damping off; Dislike mould clever wetting powder 10 grams with 10% and be watered 15 kilograms of sprayings, prevent and treat bakanae disease; The front compacting of emerging all around film prevents the plague of rats.

4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, during no-tillage cast-transplanted, easily double-crop field is lived, is irrigated at the water source, widely popularize no-tillage, throwing cultivation, concrete grammar is: after wheat, the rape harvesting, in time with the full field of the even tiling of stalk, mu is executed 2 kilograms of rotten stalk spirits, flood the deep water soaked field, fertilising after the depth of water reaches 10-15 centimetre is thrown cultivation 1.8-2.0 ten thousand nest droughts for every mu and is educated many tillers rice shoot, sort out management channels after throwing cultivation, the rice shoot that will hang in wheat stake, the rape stake when even close benefit is rare is placed on the place that the seedling root can touch water; Drought seedling raising band soil can directly be thrown cultivation, irrigates the seedbed at water the previous day of throwing cultivation;

Straw-returning is during many tillers rice transplanting, except the fields on hill tops which depend on rains for water that guarantees without the water source, shake the field and all can adopt straw directly returning to field, many tillers rice transplanting, concrete grammar is: behind the harvesting wheat head, discharge water and stir the limit, with the straw Tanaka that directly turns over, fertilising cultivated land, the shallow water rice transplanting is poured water after 3-4 days after throwing again and is turned green.

5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, during the non-pollution rice fertilising, take base manure as leading, topdressing as auxiliary, base manure accounts for more than 90% of total fertilizer application amount, should see the seedling fertilising and topdress, total consumption is controlled in 10%, and no longer uses topdressing of any kind in front 30 days in rice harves;

Base manure is take fertilizer as main principle, the base manure that non-pollution rice is produced, and take the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, the adapted biological organic fertilizer bans use of chemistry and bio-fertilizer without country, the registration of provincial agricultural sector; The fertilizer and the nitrate fertilizer that ban use of content of beary metal to exceed standard;

Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, general fertilizer accounts for more than 30% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O) 1: 0.5: 1, concrete consumption was controlled at purity nitrogen (N) 12-15 kilogram, phosphorus (P ₂O ₅) 6-7 kilogram, potassium (K ₂O) 12-15 kilogram, zinc sulphate 1-2 kilogram, general mu is executed 1000 kilograms of barnyard manures, 40 kilograms of special formulation fertilizer for rice;

During rice mixture, the method for a cultivation: the one, less field can lie around and plant, and larger field adopts and plants delegation's glutinous rice every four lines between the wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house hybrid rice, and nest is apart from 1.5.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, during the comprehensive prevention and control of disease pest and weed, and cultural control:

Select the kind of resistance, kind is rotated at regular intervals, and adopts the rational tillage system, crop rotation, breeding combination;

Physical control: adopt black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table physical unit trapping Lepidoptera, homoptera pest, arrange by the anti-50-80 mu of every lamp control, lamp is installed on crop 1.5-2 rice high tree bar or electric pole, during the 3-8 month, turn on light 8 o'clock every nights, turn off the light 6 o'clock mornings, if meet strong wind, thunderstorm weather should be turned off the light evening;

Biological control: utilize biologic product, do not producing any toxic side effects, guaranteeing under Environmental security, the non-harmful prerequisite of product, insect-killing trapping, control the method for preventing and treating of disease;

Gyplure control snout moth's larva: contain the phase for moth appearance, mu lures core to place the rice field with 4-6 piece of striped rice borer at each;

The line song is is rather prevented and treated false smut: before the paddy rice cut 5-7 days, mu was watered 45 kilograms of saturated sprayings when mist dew is arranged in the morning with 350 milliliters in the bent peaceful preparation of 20% line;

Chemical control: the banned pesticides that should strictly ban use of country to promulgate when selecting the chemical agent medication bans use of the agricultural chemicals of any type in front 28 days in rice harves;

Major Diseases control: to rice blast and false smut, transplant seedlings front 3-5 days with 750 times of liquid seedbeds sprayings of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or when transplanting seedlings with above-mentioned Fusarium Wilt of Sweet seedling with minimizing bacterium source, land for growing field crops; Secondly, in the paddy rice cut phase, mu is watered 45 kilograms of conventional sprayings with 20 milliliters of 20% well alkene tricyclazole, 150 grams or 30% Difenoconazole missible oil, prevents panicle blast and false smut; Rice blast Chang Faqu or repeating transmission district also need again medication once when the neat fringe of paddy rice;

The rice sheath blight: in tillering stage, mu is watered 45 kilograms with 5% jinggangmeisu wetting powder, 100 grams and sprays to rice clump base portion as far as possible;

Major Pests control: paddy stem borer, striped rice borer, generally 7-10 days mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 30 milliliters of 100 milliliters of 1% first dimension salt missible oil or 10% A Wei fipronil bisamide suspension emulsions and prevents and treats " the withered heart " after cultivation; The paddy rice cut phase in conjunction with the control " dead ears " that uses the same method of prevention rice blast and false smut;

For rice fulgorid, in mid or late July, hundred strain worm amounts are found more than 1500 in the field, namely answer the medication control, and mu is watered 45 kilograms with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 30 grams, is sprayed in rice strain middle and lower part;

For rice plant skipper and rice leaf roller, generally contain in late July to early August and send out, to choose the repeating transmission field and control, mu is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings with 90% trichlorphon, 200 grams;

For rice thrips, when seedling stage, blade tip crimp percent 10% was above, mu restrained with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 30 and is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings;

Weed control: the one, strengthen artificial weeding, the 2nd, chemical weed control bans use of chlorine sulphur to swell and metsulfuron-methyl, and non-irrigated seedling is medication before the bud after broadcasting; The land for growing field crops is selected the paddy rice herbicides special to adopt the pesticide-clay mixture method to spread fertilizer over the fields, and is kept shallow water, to guarantee preventive effect after 5-10 days paddy rice of transplanting turn green.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, rice harvest, transportation, storage processing and byproduct for treatment requirement are:

When the paddy maturity reaches 85-90%, select fine in good time results, forbid in highway, bituminous paving and with serious pollution local threshing, shine paddy;

Means of transport should clean, drying, and rainproof facility is arranged, and forbids and the mixed fortune of poisonous, as to be harmful to, to be corrosive, to have peculiar smell article;

In lucifuge, normal temperature, drying with the place storage of moistureproof facility is arranged, storage facilities should clean, dry, ventilate, without insect pest and the plague of rats, forbid with poisonous, be harmful to, be corrosive, easy mixed the depositing of article mouldy, that become damp, have peculiar smell;

Process the place of nuisanceless paddy on every side without pollution source, the processing factory building keeps purifying to be produced, and forbids to use the chemosynthesis agent, and is rigid in checking up through the program of initial survey, reinspection, sampling observation.

Images