CN107624573A - A kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice, including suit measures to local conditions from improved seeds, cultivate the technologies such as strong seedling, field-transplanting, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The inventive method substantially increases the yield of local rice, stabilizes the quality of rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice.
Background technology
China there are about 2/3 population using rice as staple food, relies on scientific and technological advances and increases substantially rice yield, realizes water
Rice high yield, to ensureing Food Security in China, promoting social stability plays an important roll.
With the development of the social economy, the blind expansion of town site, ecological environment is worsening in addition, result in
A series of natural calamities occur again and again so that and it is not originally just that many cultivated areas fall sharply and cereal product, Quality Down, and
The demand of people but climbs up and up, and also constantly requires tightened up to the quality of grain.Grain yield is with quality by serious prestige
The side of body.The grain how to raise productivity and improve the quality turns into extremely urgent subject matter.Scale management and intensive production will solve grain
The key point of problem.
Tongling is located at Anhui Province south, and in middle and lower reach of Yangtze River south bank, annual warmer climate moistening, rainfall is plentiful, humidity
Larger, sunshine is sufficient, is very suitable for paddy growth.And local many peasants are made a living with kind of a rice, there is abundant kind rice experience.Rice
The paddy crops main as Tongling, occupy critical role in agricultural production.Grain quality rice production is to promote the life of rice grain
One of effective way of production.Grain quality rice large-scale production has very big market potential in Tongling.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice, it is characterised in that specifically include herein below:
(1) suit measures to local conditions to select by authorizing from improved seeds, by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, resistant to diseases and insects
By force, high-quality, high-yield variety anti-fall, tiller is strong, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, fringe is big, setting percentage is high, such as Liangyou932;(2)Cultivate strong seedling training
Educating strong seedling should keep a full stand of seedings with fertilizer ridging, with soil, and using cultivating seedlings in dry land technology, dry rice seedling has early growth and quick tiller, and nothing is significantly turned green
The features such as phase, ratio of productive tiller is high, resistance, and setting percentage is high, medium for dry breeding of seedling bed will apply fully decomposed farm manure more;A, seedling is strengthened
Standard root:Well developed root system, tubbiness, it is white, without black root;Seedling:Base portion is slightly flat, the strong leaf of seedling is green, rushes on blade and does not hang down loosely, and growth is vigorous,
Colony's neat and consistent, individual difference is small, and seedling body is flexible, blade it is wide it is very strong, leaf sheath is short, false stem is slightly flat, reach 3 within 30 days to the length of time rice seedlings grow
Individual above tiller, dark green leaf color, greenery are more, and Huang, dead leaf are few, and height of seedling is moderate, no disease pest;B, a is sowed, seed preparation is chosen
By authorization, by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, Resistant, high-quality, the high yield that anti-fall, tiller is strong, fringe is big, setting percentage is high
Variety seeds;B, seedbed preparation selection physical features it is flat, it is leeward on the sunny side, educated as drought to soil layer deep fertile ripe nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden
Rice shoot bed, fine site preparation, accomplishes soil no large clod in small, broken bits ahead of time, and moisture in the soil, 30 centimetres of ditch depth, railway carriage or compartment are managed by width 1.5-1.6 rice
It is high 15 centimetres;It is public that 1500-2000 kilograms fully decomposed of high-quality farm manure, 50 kilograms of general calcium, potash fertilizer 5-8 are applied by every mu of seedbed
Jin makees base fertilizer, farm manure and general calcium need to be sufficiently mixed into pile fermentation in 20 days or so in advance, after being sufficiently mixed with soil during fertilising
Smooth moisture in the soil face waits sowing;C, seed is tedded 1-2 days before presoaking and germinating seed soaking, then it is small with 3% carbendazim decoction immersion 12
When, clear water is eluriated, and starts to soak seed when water change is clear, typically to be soaked 3 days, will kind after being eluriated 3-4 times, 3 days with clear water daily
Son is eluriated totally, then is preheated seed with 50-60 DEG C of water, and seed is wrapped with wet gunnysack, then is incubated with straw etc., and temperature is protected
Hold at 30-35 DEG C, rice bud, rice bud can be urged out within 24 hours to be progressively cooled to 20 DEG C after exposing, spread seed out, under field conditions (factors)
Refining bud can be sowed after 1 day;D, sowing requires sowing time:Should according to local climate condition, when temperature it is stable by 10 DEG C with
On can sow, the county, which is arranged in early April sowing time, to be advisable;Sowing:Seed rice accomplishes dilute close uniform, every mu of seeding in nursery bed 10-
12 kilograms are advisable, epiphragma of after planting puing up a shed, heat and moisture preserving, prevent the rotten bud seedling rot triggered by low temperature, reduce production loss; e、
Seedbed management weeding:After rice growing, timely weeding is wanted when weeds occurs in seedbed, weeding is prevented using manually gently weeding out the rank grass
Only injure rice seedling;Water and fertilizer management:2 leaf phases holding seedbed soil moistening is seeded into, water wet down diseases prevention is controlled after 2 leaf phases.When seedbed goes out
Existing soil is dry to turn white or when morning, late rice shoot blade tip start leaf roll without the globule or rice shoot, and Ying Zao, evening take off film irrigation, meet hot weather
Take off that film is aeration-cooling to prevent high temperature burn seedlings noon, 5 kilograms of urea is applied in 2 every mu of leaf phases and makees wean fertilizer, promote robust growths;4
Every mu of leaf phase applies 2-3 kilograms of 7-8 kilograms of urea, potash fertilizer promotion tiller;Hardening is carried out in the 4.5-5 leaf phases, prepares transplanting, before transplanting
3-4 days every mu apply 1.5-2 kilograms of urea and send and transfer fertilizer;Insect pest preventing and controlling:In seedling stage, according to pest and disease damage, a situation arises, from suitable
Pesticide control seedling stage diseases and pests, prevent pest and disease damage to be passed to crop field, reduce the incidence of crop field pest and disease damage;(3)It is whole to transplant A, thickness
Field, use sufficient base fertilizer and turn over plough in time after rice receipts, turn over and bury stubble, plow harrow is carried out again before planting, finely whole field, it is smooth to reach field face,
Accomplish " green grass or young crops of pouring water, draining field are anhydrous ", base fertilizer is adhered to based on organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application, and rice field is combined before planting
1500-2000 kilograms of plough mu organic fertilizer is turned over, applies 40-50 kilograms of general calcium with reference to the mu that harrows a field, 8-10 kilograms of potash fertilizer makees base fertilizer; B、
In good time hardening, appropriate early load dry rice seedling is preferably suitably early to plant, seedling less than normal in preferably planting, with the 28-32 days length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot length to 5-6 leaves
Phase transplanting is advisable, and because of dry rice seedling well developed root system, rice shoot is excessive, and root system damage is easily caused in lifting;C, rational close planting is according to rice
The height of field fertility, determines Transplanting Density, regards rice shoot tiller situation during transplanting, band tiller seedling 1-2 is planted per nest;Duplicate rows bar is planted:Greatly
Row 0.9-1.0 chis, small row 0.4-0.5 chis, nest are planted away from 0.4-0.5 chis, van-type bar:Railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 0.8-1.0 chis, per railway carriage or compartment are opened by 5 chis
Plant 5-6 rows, nest away from 0.4-0.5 chis,
Rice transplanting:Every mu of seedling of rice transplanting 1.5-1.8 ten thousand, rice transplanting are accomplished dilute close uniform;
(4)Field management A, every mu of top dressing apply 10-15 kilograms of urea, 15-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, sulfuric acid
1.5 kilograms of zinc makees top dressing, imposes within 9-11 days after transplanting and carries seed manure, promotes effective tillering, the 30-35% of total topdressing amount is accounted for, pregnant
Ear period, which imposes, attacks granulated fertilizer, accounts for the 65-70% of total topdressing amount, to improve setting percentage and promote full seed;B, rationally pour water in water
Rice growth period is good to promote root growth, strengthens absorbability, promotes paddy growth healthy and strong, in the management of water, to increase
Oxygen ventilation, foster root are lived centered on root, and for the purpose of strengthening root activity, period of seedling establishment is favorably turned green with appropriate Deep irrigation, boot stage,
Beginning ear period to full heading time keeps shallow irrigation, and remaining preferably regional period of irrigation conditions is based on keeping moistening;Tillering stage will
Ask shallow water to promote tiller, tiller later stage preferably appropriate field drying control rice, reduce ineffective tillering, increase permeability, promote paddy growth healthy and strong,
It should not be shone again during field drying control rice;Arid season, drought Irrigation, in case dehydration influences the exterior quality and boiling edible product of rice
Matter;Grouting parameter will accomplish that dry and wet strengthens seed;Stage of yellow ripeness draining dry field, promote ripe;During harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid
Paddy is immersed in influence rice matter in water;(5)Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control A, prophylactico-therapeutic measures are in rice pest preventing and treating, it is necessary to adhere to
The plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", centered on planting Resistant kind, based on Healthy culture, medicine
Comprehensive preventive health measures supplemented by agent protection.The specific method of the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is:
A, cultural control:From pest-resistant cultivar, cultivate strong seedling, rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, Scientific irrigation;In time remove by
The plant of disease pest harm, reduces field disease pest radix;Plough rice field is turned over after rice harves in time, winter removes field and periphery is miscellaneous
Grass, pest and disease damage hibernacle is destroyed, reduce coming year pest and disease damage cardinal sum pest and disease damage incidence;B, chemical prevention:Strengthen field to adjust
Look into, grasping pest and disease damage in time, a situation arises;During paddy growth, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated from high-efficiency low-toxicity, nonpersistent pesticide, is applied
Field 3-6cm water layers are kept after medicine 3-5 days;Soaked seed 24 hours, cleaned with 500-700 times of liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder
Vernalization afterwards;30 grams of every mu of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 40% 150-200 grams of Hinosan missible oil are watered 50-60 kilograms of spraying
Prevent and treat rice blast, soaked seed 48 hours with 10% strong chlorine oil, 500 times of liquid, with 20% MBAMT wettable powder, 500~600 times of liquid,
Soaked seed 24~48 hours with 45% ambam aqua, 500~800 times of liquid, respectively sprayed within 5 days 1 time before rice tri-leaf period and transplanting
10% 500 times of strong chlorine oil liquid, every mu of use 35% strengthen 28~35 grams of leaf azoles wettable powder, or 15% Yekuzuo wettable powder 20
~25 grams, or 23 grams of 45% ambam aqua be watered 50-60 kilograms spraying preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice, every mu of triadimefon of use 20%
Missible oil 50-76 milliliters or 100 grams of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 30% 50-75 grams of dimethachlon wettable powder plus water 100 are public
Jin spraying, or mix fine earth 25kg and spread fertilizer over the fields preventing and treating rice sheath blight disease, 5~10 days jinggangmycin aquas 150 of every mu of use 5% before heading
Milliliter or 75 milliliters of 20% triadimefon missible oil or or 150 milliliters of the mould water cleaning agent of 12.5% line be watered 50-60 kilograms spraying preventing and treating 1~
2 preventing and treating rice green smuts, with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25% 2000-2500 times of buprofezin wettable powder
1200-1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating planthopper of liquid or 5% Frontline colloidal suspending agent, the Furadan of every mu of use 3% before sowing or transplanting
2.5-3 kilograms of granule is mixed 15-20 kilograms of fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields;During transplanting 400-500 kilograms is watered with 90% metrifonate crystal 0.5
Soak rice shoot 10 minutes;Field period prevents and treats rice borer with 50% Folithion missible oil or 50% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying of Padan's aqua
Worm,
Killed with hundred worms or 50% 800-1000 times of liquid of Folithion missible oil, 500 times of liquid of 25% Spanon or 25% dimehypo, 20% speed
4000-5000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice mythimna separata of chrysanthemum ester or 2.5% cream of decamethrin, every mu of metrifonate powder 3-4 jin of use 25%,
Or 4 jin of tobacco powder mixes 25 jin of calcium hydroxide, spread fertilizer over the fields when morning, dew was not dry;With 50% Folithion, 800 times of liquid;Or 90% trichlorphon
1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice leaf beetles.
Beneficial effect
The present invention applies cultivating seedlings in dry land technology, and dry rice seedling has early growth and quick tiller, and without obvious period of seedling establishment, ratio of productive tiller is high, resists
The features such as property is strong, and setting percentage is high, effectively raise the yield of rice;The present invention is planted in transplanting using duplicate rows bar, van-type bar
Plant, three kinds of transplanting methods of rice transplanting, experiment by contrast is drawn:Duplicate rows bar is planted plants than conventional with conventional transplanting contrast test, duplicate rows bar
Transplanting 76.4 kilograms and 88.5 kilograms of mu volume increase respectively, increasing 11.2% and 13.3%, van-type bar is planted transplants contrast test with conventional,
Van-type bar is planted increases production 63.2-76.8 kilograms than conventional transplanting mu, increases 10.6-12.1%, rice transplanting and conventional transplanting contrast test, throws
Seedling increases production 72.1-79.3 kilograms than conventional transplanting mu, increases 9.8-11.1%.
The high yield cultivating method of the present invention strengthens seedling, field-transplanting, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control from selection kind, cultivation
Several aspects, the planting technology of specification is all given with reference to local specific soil, weather conditions, substantially increases local rice
Yield, the quality of rice is stabilized, using the rice cultivating method of the present invention, per mu yield can reach 700-780kg, than locality
The per mu yield 10-15% of conventional method rice cultivation.
Embodiment
A kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice, specifically includes herein below:
(1) suit measures to local conditions to select by authorizing from improved seeds, by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, resistant to diseases and insects
By force, high-quality, high-yield variety Liangyou932 anti-fall, tiller is strong, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, fringe is big, setting percentage is high;(2)Cultivate strong seedling training
Educating strong seedling should keep a full stand of seedings with fertilizer ridging, with soil, and using cultivating seedlings in dry land technology, dry rice seedling has early growth and quick tiller, and nothing is significantly turned green
The features such as phase, ratio of productive tiller is high, resistance, and setting percentage is high, medium for dry breeding of seedling bed will apply fully decomposed farm manure more;A, strengthen
Seedling standard root:Well developed root system, tubbiness, it is white, without black root;Seedling:Base portion is slightly flat, the strong leaf of seedling is green, rushes on blade and does not hang down loosely, growth is prosperous
Contain, colony's neat and consistent, individual difference is small, and seedling body is flexible, blade it is wide it is very strong, leaf sheath is short, false stem is slightly flat, reached within 30 days to the length of time rice seedlings grow
To more than 3 tillers, dark green leaf color, greenery are more, and Huang, dead leaf are few, and height of seedling is moderate, no disease pest;B, a, seed preparation choosing are sowed
Purchase is by authorization, and by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, Resistant, that anti-fall, tiller is strong, fringe is big, setting percentage is high is high-quality, high
Produce variety seeds;B, seedbed preparation selection physical features it is flat, it is leeward on the sunny side, make drought to soil layer deep fertile ripe nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden
Seedling bed, ahead of time fine site preparation, accomplishes soil no large clod in small, broken bits, and moisture in the soil is managed by width 1.5-1.6 rice, 30 centimetres of ditch depth,
Railway carriage or compartment is high 15 centimetres;1500-2000 kilograms fully decomposed of high-quality farm manure, 50 kilograms of general calcium, potash fertilizer 5-8 are applied by every mu of seedbed
Kilogram make base fertilizer, farm manure and general calcium need to be sufficiently mixed pile fermentation in 20 days or so in advance, be sufficiently mixed with soil during fertilising
Smooth moisture in the soil face waits sowing afterwards;C, seed is tedded 1-2 days before presoaking and germinating seed soaking, then 12 is soaked with 3% carbendazim decoction
Hour, clear water is eluriated, and starts to soak seed when water change is clear, typically to be soaked 3 days, will after being eluriated 3-4 times, 3 days with clear water daily
Seed is eluriated totally, then is preheated seed with 50-60 DEG C of water, and seed is wrapped with wet gunnysack, then is incubated with straw etc., temperature
30-35 DEG C is maintained at, rice bud, rice bud can be urged out within 24 hours to be progressively cooled to 20 DEG C after exposing, seed is spread out, in natural conditions
Lower refining bud can be sowed after 1 day;D, sowing requires sowing time:10 DEG C should be passed through when temperature is stable according to local climate condition
It can sow above, the county, which is arranged in early April sowing time, to be advisable;Sowing:Seed rice accomplishes dilute close uniform, every mu of seeding in nursery bed
10-12 kilograms is advisable, epiphragma of after planting puing up a shed, heat and moisture preserving, prevents the rotten bud seedling rot triggered by low temperature, reduces production loss;
E, seedbed management weeding:After rice growing, timely weeding is wanted when weeds occurs in seedbed, weeding is used and manually gently weeded out the rank grass,
Prevent from injuring rice seedling;Water and fertilizer management:2 leaf phases holding seedbed soil moistening is seeded into, water wet down diseases prevention is controlled after 2 leaf phases.Work as seedbed
Occur that soil is dry to turn white or when morning, late rice shoot blade tip start leaf roll without the globule or rice shoot, Ying Zao, evening take off film irrigation, meet high temperature day
Take off that film is aeration-cooling to prevent high temperature burn seedlings gas noon, 5 kilograms of urea is applied in 2 every mu of leaf phases and makees wean fertilizer, promote robust growths;
4 every mu of leaf phases applied 2-3 kilograms of 7-8 kilograms of urea, potash fertilizer promotion tiller;Hardening is carried out in the 4.5-5 leaf phases, prepares transplanting, transplanting
First 3-4 days every mu apply 1.5-2 kilograms of urea and send and transfer fertilizer;Insect pest preventing and controlling:In seedling stage, according to pest and disease damage, a situation arises, from suitable
Suitable pesticide control seedling stage diseases and pests, prevent pest and disease damage to be passed to crop field, reduce the incidence of crop field pest and disease damage;(3)Transplant A, thick
Thin whole field, use sufficient base fertilizer and turn over plough in time after rice receipts, turn over and bury stubble, plow harrow is carried out again before planting, finely whole field, reaches field face
It is smooth, accomplish " green grass or young crops of pouring water, draining field are anhydrous ", base fertilizer is adhered to based on organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application, is tied before planting
Close rice field and turn over 1500-2000 kilograms of plough mu organic fertilizer, apply 40-50 kilograms of general calcium with reference to the mu that harrows a field, 8-10 kilograms of potash fertilizer makees bottom
Fertilizer;B, in good time hardening, it is appropriate early carry dry rice seedling preferably it is appropriate it is early plant, seedling less than normal in preferably planting, with the 28-32 days length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot grow to
The 5-6 leaf phases, which transplant, to be advisable, and because of dry rice seedling well developed root system, rice shoot is excessive, and root system damage is easily caused in lifting;C, rational close planting
According to the height of rice field fertility, Transplanting Density is determined, regard rice shoot tiller situation during transplanting, band tiller seedling 1-2 is planted per nest;Duplicate rows
Bar is planted:Big row 0.9-1.0 chis, small row 0.4-0.5 chis, nest is away from 0.4-0.5 chis, and 1998-1999 is in emerald green Hua Zhen, Jin Ping village Hua Ta
Villager group carries out the cultivation of duplicate rows bar and conventional transplanting contrast test for continuous 2 years, and duplicate rows bar plants the conventional transplanting of ratio mu volume increase respectively
76.4 kilograms and 88.5 kilograms, increase 11.2% and 13.3%;Van-type bar is planted:Railway carriage or compartment is opened by 5 chis, ditch depth 0.8-1.0 chis, 5-6 is planted per railway carriage or compartment
OK, away from 0.4-0.5 chis, Hua Ta villager group of 1998-2000 Nian Jinping villages carries out van-type bar for continuous 3 years and planted and conventional transplanting nest
Contrast test, van-type bar is planted increases production 63.2-76.8 kilograms than conventional transplanting mu, increases 10.6-12.1%;Rice transplanting:Every mu of rice transplanting
The seedlings of 1.5-1.8 ten thousand, rice transplanting accomplish it is dilute it is close uniformly, continuous 3 years of Yu Su villager group of 1998-2000 Nian Xiongkui villages carry out rice transplantings with
Conventional transplanting contrast test, rice transplanting increase production 72.1-79.3 kilograms than conventional transplanting mu, increase 9.8-11.1%;
(4)Field management A, every mu of top dressing apply 13 kilograms of urea, 18 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, and 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, zinc sulfate 1.5 are public
Jin makees top dressing, imposes within 10 days after transplanting and carries seed manure, promotes effective tillering, accounts for the 32% of total topdressing amount, imposed in boot stage and attack grain
Fertilizer, the 68% of total topdressing amount is accounted for, to improve setting percentage and promote full seed;B, rationally pour water during paddy growth as promotion
Root growth is good, strengthens absorbability, promotes paddy growth healthy and strong, in the management of water, ventilated using oxygenation, support root live root as
Center, for the purpose of strengthening root activity, period of seedling establishment is favorably turned green with appropriate Deep irrigation, and boot stage, beginning ear period to full heading time are protected
Shallow irrigation is held, remaining preferably regional period of irrigation conditions is based on keeping moistening;Tillering stage requires that shallow water promotees tiller, tiller
Later stage preferably appropriate field drying control rice, ineffective tillering is reduced, increase permeability, promote paddy growth healthy and strong, it is unsuitable in field drying control rice
Shine again;Arid season, drought Irrigation, in case dehydration influences the exterior quality and cooking and eating quality of rice;Grouting parameter
Accomplish that dry and wet strengthens seed;Stage of yellow ripeness draining dry field, promote ripe;During harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in case paddy is immersed in water
Influence rice matter;(5)Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control A, prophylactico-therapeutic measures are in rice pest preventing and treating, it is necessary to adhere to " put prevention first, it is comprehensive anti-
Control " plant protection work policy, centered on planting Resistant kind, based on Healthy culture, medicament protection supplemented by synthesis
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures, specific method are:
A, cultural control:From pest-resistant cultivar, cultivate strong seedling, rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, Scientific irrigation;In time remove by
The plant of disease pest harm, reduces field disease pest radix;Plough rice field is turned over after rice harves in time, winter removes field and periphery is miscellaneous
Grass, pest and disease damage hibernacle is destroyed, reduce coming year pest and disease damage cardinal sum pest and disease damage incidence;B, chemical prevention:Strengthen field to adjust
Look into, grasping pest and disease damage in time, a situation arises;During paddy growth, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated from high-efficiency low-toxicity, nonpersistent pesticide, is applied
Field 3-6cm water layers are kept after medicine 3-5 days;Soaked seed 24 hours, cleaned with 500-700 times of liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder
Vernalization afterwards;30 grams of every mu of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 40% 150-200 grams of Hinosan missible oil are watered 50-60 kilograms of spraying
Prevent and treat rice blast, soaked seed 48 hours with 10% strong chlorine oil, 500 times of liquid, with 20% MBAMT wettable powder, 500~600 times of liquid,
Soaked seed 24~48 hours with 45% ambam aqua, 500~800 times of liquid, respectively sprayed within 5 days 1 time before rice tri-leaf period and transplanting
10% 500 times of strong chlorine oil liquid, every mu of use 35% strengthen 28~35 grams of leaf azoles wettable powder, or 15% Yekuzuo wettable powder 20
~25 grams, or 23 grams of 45% ambam aqua be watered 50-60 kilograms spraying preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice, every mu of triadimefon of use 20%
Missible oil 50-76 milliliters or 100 grams of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 30% 50-75 grams of dimethachlon wettable powder plus water 100 are public
Jin spraying, or mix fine earth 25kg and spread fertilizer over the fields preventing and treating rice sheath blight disease, 5~10 days jinggangmycin aquas 150 of every mu of use 5% before heading
Milliliter or 75 milliliters of 20% triadimefon missible oil or or 150 milliliters of the mould water cleaning agent of 12.5% line be watered 50-60 kilograms spraying preventing and treating 1~
2 preventing and treating rice green smuts, with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25% 2000-2500 times of buprofezin wettable powder
1200-1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating planthopper of liquid or 5% Frontline colloidal suspending agent, the Furadan of every mu of use 3% before sowing or transplanting
2.5-3 kilograms of granule is mixed 15-20 kilograms of fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields;During transplanting 400-500 kilograms is watered with 90% metrifonate crystal 0.5
Soak rice shoot 10 minutes;Field period prevents and treats rice borer with 50% Folithion missible oil or 50% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying of Padan's aqua
Worm,
Killed with hundred worms or 50% 800-1000 times of liquid of Folithion missible oil, 500 times of liquid of 25% Spanon or 25% dimehypo, 20% speed
4000-5000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice mythimna separata of chrysanthemum ester or 2.5% cream of decamethrin, every mu of metrifonate powder 3-4 jin of use 25%,
Or 4 jin of tobacco powder mixes 25 jin of calcium hydroxide, spread fertilizer over the fields when morning, dew was not dry;With 50% Folithion, 800 times of liquid;Or 90% trichlorphon
1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice leaf beetles.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of cultural method of high yield and high quality rice, it is characterised in that specifically include herein below:
(1) suit measures to local conditions to select by authorizing from improved seeds, by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, resistant to diseases and insects
By force, high-quality, high-yield variety anti-fall, tiller is strong, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, fringe is big, setting percentage is high, such as Liangyou932;
(2)Cultivating the strong strong seedling of seedling cultivation should keep a full stand of seedings with fertilizer ridging, with soil, and using cultivating seedlings in dry land technology, dry rice seedling has early raw
Fast hair, without obvious period of seedling establishment, the features such as ratio of productive tiller is high, resistance, and setting percentage is high, medium for dry breeding of seedling bed will apply abundant corruption more
Ripe farm manure;
A, seedling standard root is strengthened:Well developed root system, tubbiness, it is white, without black root;Seedling:Base portion is slightly flat, the strong leaf of seedling is green, rushes on blade and does not drape over one's shoulders
Dissipate, growth is vigorous, and colony's neat and consistent, individual difference is small, and seedling body is flexible, blade it is wide it is very strong, leaf sheath is short, false stem is slightly flat, arrive
30 days length of time rice seedlings grow reached more than 3 tillers, and dark green leaf color, greenery are more, and Huang, dead leaf are few, and height of seedling is moderate, no disease pest;
B, sow
A, seed preparation is chosen by authorization, by the suitable local plantation of experiment and demonstration, Resistant, anti-fall, tiller is strong, fringe is big,
Setting percentage high high-quality, high-yield variety seed;
B, seedbed preparation selection physical features it is flat, it is leeward on the sunny side, make medium for dry breeding of seedling bed to soil layer deep fertile ripe nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden
Ground, fine site preparation, accomplishes soil no large clod in small, broken bits ahead of time, high 15 lis by width 1.5-1.6 rice reason moisture in the soil, 30 centimetres of ditch depth, railway carriage or compartment
Rice;1500-2000 kilograms fully decomposed of high-quality farm manure, 50 kilograms of general calcium, 5-8 kilograms of potash fertilizer, which are applied, by every mu of seedbed makees bottom
Fertilizer, farm manure and general calcium need to be sufficiently mixed pile fermentation in 20 days or so in advance, be sufficiently mixed rear smooth moisture in the soil with soil during fertilising
Face waits sowing;
C, seed is tedded 1-2 days before presoaking and germinating seed soaking, then soaked 12 hours with 3% carbendazim decoction, clear water is eluriated, directly
Start to soak seed when becoming clear to water, typically to soak 3 days, eluriate seed totally after being eluriated 3-4 times, 3 days with clear water daily, then use
50-60 DEG C of water preheats seed, and seed is wrapped with wet gunnysack, then is incubated with straw etc., and temperature is maintained at 30-35 DEG C, and 24
Hour can urge out rice bud, rice bud to be progressively cooled to 20 DEG C after exposing, and spread seed out, refine bud under field conditions (factors) after 1 day
Sowing;
D, sowing requires sowing time:It should can be sowed by more than 10 DEG C when temperature is stable, the county according to local climate condition
Sowing time, which is arranged in early April, to be advisable;Sowing:Seed rice accomplish it is dilute it is close uniformly, every mu of 10-12 kilograms of seeding in nursery bed is advisable, sowing
After put up a shed epiphragma, heat and moisture preserving, prevent the rotten bud seedling rot triggered by low temperature, reduce production loss;
E, seedbed management weeding:After rice growing, timely weeding is wanted when weeds occurs in seedbed, weeding is used and manually gently pulled out
Weeds, prevent from injuring rice seedling;Water and fertilizer management:2 leaf phases holding seedbed soil moistening is seeded into, water wet down diseases prevention is controlled after 2 leaf phases;When
Seedbed occurs that soil is dry to turn white or when morning, late rice shoot blade tip start leaf roll without the globule or rice shoot, and Ying Zao, evening take off film irrigation, meet high
Take off that film is aeration-cooling to prevent high temperature burn seedlings warm weather noon, 5 kilograms of urea is applied in 2 every mu of leaf phases and makees wean fertilizer, promote growth strong
It is strong;2-3 kilograms of 7-8 kilograms of urea, potash fertilizer promotion tiller are applied in 4 every mu of leaf phases;Hardening is carried out in the 4.5-5 leaf phases, prepares transplanting,
Before transplanting 3-4 days every mu apply 1.5-2 kilograms of urea and send and transfer fertilizer;Insect pest preventing and controlling:In seedling stage, according to pest and disease damage, a situation arises, selects
Suitable pesticide control seedling stage diseases and pests, prevent pest and disease damage to be passed to crop field, reduce the incidence of crop field pest and disease damage;
(3)Transplanting
A, the whole field of thickness, use sufficient base fertilizer rice receipts after turn over plough in time, turn over and bury stubble, plant before carry out plow harrow again, finely whole field,
It is smooth to reach field face, accomplishes " green grass or young crops of pouring water, draining field are anhydrous ", base fertilizer is adhered to based on organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, which coordinate, to be applied
With cultivation is preceding to turn over 1500-2000 kilograms of plough mu organic fertilizer with reference to rice field, and 40-50 kilograms of general calcium, potash fertilizer 8-10 are applied with reference to the mu that harrows a field
Kilogram make base fertilizer;
B, in good time hardening, appropriate early load dry rice seedling is preferably suitably early to plant, and seedling less than normal in preferably planting, with the 28-32 days length of time rice seedlings grow, rice shoot was grown
Being transplanted to the 5-6 leaf phases is advisable, and because of dry rice seedling well developed root system, rice shoot is excessive, and root system damage is easily caused in lifting;
C, rational close planting is according to the height of rice field fertility, determines Transplanting Density, regards rice shoot tiller situation during transplanting, band is planted per nest
Tiller seedling 1-2;Duplicate rows bar is planted:Big row 0.9-1.0 chis, small row 0.4-0.5 chis, nest are planted away from 0.4-0.5 chis, van-type bar:By 5 chis
Open railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 0.8-1.0 chis plant 5-6 rows per railway carriage or compartment, nest away from 0.4-0.5 chis,
Rice transplanting:Every mu of seedling of rice transplanting 1.5-1.8 ten thousand, rice transplanting are accomplished dilute close uniform;
(4)Field management
A, 10-15 kilograms of urea, 15-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 kilograms of 4-5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, zinc sulfate works are applied in every mu of top dressing
Top dressing, impose within 9-11 days after transplanting and carry seed manure, promote effective tillering, account for the 30-35% of total topdressing amount, impose and attack in boot stage
Granulated fertilizer, the 65-70% of total topdressing amount is accounted for, to improve setting percentage and promote full seed;
B, rationally pour water during paddy growth to promote root growth good, strengthen absorbability, promote paddy growth to be good for
It is strong, in the management of water, ventilated by oxygenation, centered on foster root work root, for the purpose of strengthening root activity, period of seedling establishment is with appropriate deep water
Irrigation is favorably turned green, and boot stage, beginning ear period to full heading time keep shallow irrigation, and remaining preferably regional period of irrigation conditions is with guarantor
Hold based on moistening;Tillering stage requires that shallow water promotees tiller, and tiller later stage preferably appropriate field drying control rice reduces ineffective tillering, and increase is penetrating
Property, promote paddy growth healthy and strong, should not be shone again in field drying control rice;Arid season, drought Irrigation, in case dehydration influences rice
Exterior quality and cooking and eating quality;Grouting parameter will accomplish that dry and wet strengthens seed;Stage of yellow ripeness draining dry field, promote ripe;Receive
When cutting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in case paddy is immersed in influence rice matter in water;
(5)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
A, prophylactico-therapeutic measures is in rice pest preventing and treating, it is necessary to adhere to the plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ",
Centered on planting Resistant kind, based on Healthy culture, the comprehensive preventive health measures supplemented by medicament protection.
2. the cultural method of a kind of high yield and high quality rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pest and disease damage is prevented
The specific method controlled is:
A, cultural control:From pest-resistant cultivar, cultivate strong seedling, rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, Scientific irrigation;In time remove by
The plant of disease pest harm, reduces field disease pest radix;Plough rice field is turned over after rice harves in time, winter removes field and periphery is miscellaneous
Grass, pest and disease damage hibernacle is destroyed, reduce coming year pest and disease damage cardinal sum pest and disease damage incidence;
B, chemical prevention:Strengthen field investigation, grasping pest and disease damage in time, a situation arises;During paddy growth, from efficiently low
Poison, nonpersistent pesticide preventing and treating pest and disease damage, keep field 3-6cm water layers 3-5 days after dispenser;
Soaked seed 24 hours with 500-700 times of liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, vernalization after cleaning;Every mu of 75% tricyclazole is wettable
Property 30 grams of pulvis or 40% 150-200 grams of Hinosan missible oil be watered 50-60 kilograms spraying preventing and treating rice blast,
Soaked seed 48 hours with 10% strong chlorine oil, 500 times of liquid, with 20% MBAMT wettable powder, 500~600 times of liquid, with 45% generation
Gloomy 500~800 times of liquid of ammonium aqua are soaked seed 24~48 hours, and 1 10% strong chlorine oil was respectively sprayed within 5 days before rice tri-leaf period and transplanting
500 times of liquid, every mu of use 35% strengthen 28~35 grams of leaf azoles wettable powder, or 20~25 grams of 15% Yekuzuo wettable powder, or
45% 23 grams of ambam aqua is watered 50-60 kilograms of spraying preventing and treating bacterial blight of rice,
Every mu of triadimefon missible oil 50-76 milliliter of use 20% or 100 grams of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 30% dimethachlon wettable powder
100 kilograms of sprayings of 50-75 grams of agent plus water, or mix fine earth 25kg and spread fertilizer over the fields preventing and treating rice sheath blight disease,
75 milliliters of 150 milliliters of 5~10 days 5% jinggangmycin aquas of every mu of use or 20% triadimefon missible oil or or 12.5% before heading
150 milliliters of the mould water cleaning agent of line is watered 1~2 preventing and treating rice green smut of 50-60 kilograms of spraying preventing and treating,
With 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25% 2000-2500 times of liquid of buprofezin wettable powder or 5% Frontline glue
1200-1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating planthopper of suspension,
2.5-3 kilograms of the carbofuran Granules of every mu of use 3% are mixed 15-20 kilograms of fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields before sowing or transplanting;Used during transplanting
90% metrifonate crystal 0.5 is watered 400-500 kilograms and soaks rice shoot 10 minutes;Field period 50% Folithion missible oil or 50%
800-1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating snout moth's larva of rice of Padan's aqua,
Killed with hundred worms or 50% 800-1000 times of liquid of Folithion missible oil, 500 times of liquid of 25% Spanon or 25% dimehypo, 20% speed
4000-5000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice mythimna separata of chrysanthemum ester or 2.5% cream of decamethrin,
Every mu of metrifonate powder 3-4 jin of use 25%, or 4 jin of tobacco powder mix 25 jin of calcium hydroxide, are spread fertilizer over the fields when morning, dew was not dry;With 50%
800 times of liquid of Folithion;Or 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating rice leaf beetles.
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CN108377868A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-08-10 | 苏州市玉亭香家庭农场有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice planting method that the percentage of earbearing tiller is high |
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CN109717031A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-07 | 淮安市植保植检站 | Rice field Propineb combination herbicide is mixed to apply plant protection method |
CN111448958A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-28 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for planting rice by combining seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water |
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