CN111448958A

CN111448958A - Method for planting rice by combining seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water

Info

Publication number: CN111448958A
Application number: CN202010245019.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁冰; 孙欢; 李刚; 武鹏飞
Original assignee: Liaoning Technical University
Current assignee: Liaoning Technical University
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2020-03-31
Publication date: 2020-07-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting rice by combining a seedling raising matrix prepared by coal gangue and mine water, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting high-quality rice varieties for soaking seeds and accelerating germination, and waiting for sowing seedlings; (2) treating mine water through an underground mine water treatment system; (3) crushing and screening the coal gangue, the fly ash and the grass peat; (4) mixing coal gangue, fly ash and turf according to a ratio, and adding treated mine water to prepare a seedling culture substrate; (5) seeding and raising seedlings by using the prepared seedling raising substrate; (6) after rice sprouts, sowing the sprouts on a seedbed, covering soil, pouring mine water, and paving a mulching film; (7) arranging a farmland, applying urea as a base fertilizer, transplanting seedlings into the farmland when the seedlings grow to a certain length, and adding treated mine water into the farmland; (8) topdressing, reasonably irrigating the treated mine water to keep the humidity, and harvesting the rice in the final harvest period. The invention can improve the utilization rate of coal gangue and mine water and recycle the solid wastes in mining areas.

Description

Method for planting rice by combining seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water

Technical Field

The invention relates to resource recycling of solid waste and mine water generated in coal mining and other processes, in particular to a method for planting rice by combining a seedling raising substrate prepared by coal gangue and the mine water.

Background

The coal gangue is a solid waste discharged in the coal mining and processing processes, and the production and discharge amount of the coal gangue in China are very large. The coal gangue not only contains organic matters, but also contains more than twenty trace elements, wherein most of the trace elements are necessary elements for plant growth. If the coal gangue is correctly treated and utilized, the coal gangue can be completely changed into valuable, and the method has considerable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. The fly ash is common mining area industrial waste residue and can be used for improving the soil structure and fixing and stabilizing heavy metals. The turfy soil is coal with the lowest coalification degree, has been developed for tens of thousands of years, and is rich in organic matters, humus and the like. The coal gangue is mixed with fly ash and turf to prepare the seedling culture substrate, so that the water holding capacity of the substrate can be increased, and the moisture characteristic of the substrate can be improved.

With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for coal is increasing, and the mining speed is also increased. The coal yield is rapidly increased, the water discharged from the mine is gradually increased, a large amount of untreated mine water is directly discharged, serious pollution is caused to the soil, rivers and underground water resources around the mine area, the problem of mine water pollution is caused, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in the mine area is increasingly serious. In order to promote the development of the coal industry in China and solve the problem of water resource shortage, underground drainage is developed and utilized as a water resource, and has attracted wide attention of the coal industry. Mine water belongs to one of reclaimed water sources, and the reuse of reclaimed water in agriculture is a trend of solving water resource shortage.

With the increasing of the planting area of rice, the demand of seedling bed soil is increasing day by day, the cultivated land soil of China also faces huge challenges, and the application of the seedling substrate gets rid of the dependence of rice seedling on the soil. The problem of difficult soil taking is solved by using the substrate for seedling culture, and the damage to a soil layer is reduced; and secondly, the seedling culture medium provides a large amount of organic substances, nutrient elements and the like, and the soil is loose, breathable, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining, so that the quality and the yield of the rice are improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising substrate prepared by efficiently utilizing coal gangue and a method for planting rice by using mine water, which can improve the utilization rate of the coal gangue and the mine water and recycle solid wastes in a mining area.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a method for planting rice by combining a seedling raising matrix prepared by coal gangue and mine water, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting high-quality rice varieties for soaking seeds and accelerating germination, and waiting for sowing seedlings;

(2) treating mine water through an underground mine water treatment system;

(3) crushing and screening the coal gangue, the fly ash and the grass peat;

(4) mixing the crushed and screened coal gangue, fly ash and turf according to a ratio, and adding the treated mine water to prepare a seedling culture substrate;

(5) seeding and raising seedlings by using the prepared seedling raising substrate;

(6) after rice sprouts, sowing the sprouts on a seedbed, covering soil, sufficiently watering the treated mine water, controlling the saturated water content to be more than 60%, paving a mulching film, and waiting for the seedlings to grow;

(7) the method comprises the following steps of (1) finishing a farmland, applying urea as a base fertilizer, applying 110-130kg of urea once a hectare, transplanting seedlings into the farmland when the seedlings grow to about 12-15 cm, adding treated mine water into the farmland, and setting the irrigation standard to be 15-20 mm of water depth;

(8) applying urea, calcium superphosphate, potash fertilizer and zinc sulfate as additional fertilizers, reasonably irrigating the treated mine water once in three to four days, controlling the saturated water content to be about 70%, and finally harvesting the rice in a harvesting period.

Preferably, in the step (1), the high-quality rice variety is a high-quality and high-yield variety with strong disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, strong environmental adaptability, high earning rate, large ears and high maturing rate;

selecting seeds with saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, and soaking the seeds for 5-7 days at the water temperature of about 10-12 ℃; 25% of prochloraz, 90% of chlordane and 20% of bensheng according to the proportion of 7: 2: 4, disinfecting the seeds, wherein 2g of disinfectant is needed for every 1kg of seeds;

accelerating germination at 30-38 deg.C until white skin appears on chest, spreading for cooling, and sowing.

Preferably, in the step (2), the mine water treatment system comprises a lift pump room, a pre-settling regulating tank, a reaction tank, an inclined tube sedimentation tank, an intermediate water tank, a filter pump, a valveless filter tank, a disinfection tank and a clean water tank;

the mine water raw water is directly pumped into a pre-settling regulating reservoir by an underground lifting pump, the wastewater stays in the pre-settling regulating reservoir, suspended matters in the water are primarily settled, and coal slime is deposited at the bottom of the reservoir;

pumping the effluent of the regulating reservoir into a reaction tank through a water pump, adding a coagulant and a coagulant aid into the reaction tank, stirring and mixing the effluent and the coagulant aid by a stirrer in the tank to form alum flocs by suspended matters and medicaments in the wastewater, and then feeding the alum flocs into an inclined tube sedimentation tank;

further settling the wastewater in an inclined tube sedimentation tank to remove suspended matters in the water, and enabling the effluent to enter an intermediate water tank; water in the middle water tank is pumped into a valveless filter tank through a water pump for filtering treatment, and the residual water in the middle water tank is discharged;

the effluent of the valveless filter enters a disinfection tank, chlorine dioxide is added at the water inlet of the disinfection tank for disinfection, so that a certain residual chlorine amount is maintained in the treated water, and the breeding of bacteria in a water supply system is prevented; the disinfected water is pumped into a clean water pool through a reuse water pump for standby;

the standard of the treated mine water is pH value: 6-9, chemical oxygen demand COD: less than 50mg/l, color: 30-fold, total suspension of SS: 70 mg/l.

Preferably, in the step (3), the coal gangue is crushed into small blocks with the particle size of 5-10mm by a crusher, wherein the grass carbon and the fly ash are sieved for standby by a 5mm sieve, and plant residues, stones and other crushed materials contained in the raw materials are manually removed.

Preferably, in the step (4), the mixing weight ratio of the coal gangue, the grass peat and the fly ash is 80:35:15, the treated mine water is added to adjust the water content of the matrix to 40%, and the thickness of the formed soil matrix layer is 4-8 cm.

Preferably, in the step (5), a seedling raising plug special for rice is adopted, the substrate is put into a seedling tray and is strickled off, the thickness is kept to be 2-2.5cm, and pressing is not needed;

the selected seeds are evenly sowed in the substrate, and each tray is sowed with 120-150 g of seeds, and the seeds are kept to be not less than 3 seeds per square centimeter.

Preferably, in step (5), after sowing, the substrate is lightly scattered, covered with a cover, and the excess substrate is scraped off and removed, keeping the thickness at 0.5 cm.

Preferably, in the step (6), the short edges of the seedling tray are outward arranged, aligned and tightly arranged when the seedling tray is placed on the seedbed, so that the subsequent transplanting is facilitated.

Preferably, in the step (7), the transplanting density is determined according to the fertility of the rice field, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in each pit; adopting double-row strip planting: 0.9-1.0 ruler for large row, 0.4-0.5 ruler for small row, and 0.4-0.5 ruler for pit distance.

Preferably, in the step (8), the top dressing amount is 10-15 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 kg of potash fertilizer and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, and the top dressing is carried out for 2-3 times according to the growth condition of rice.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention adopts solid waste gangue mixed turf and fly ash to research and develop a novel rice seedling raising matrix; the research and development of the novel rice matrix not only protects land resources, but also realizes resource utilization of the solid waste coal gangue, avoids the environmental problems caused by the stacking process of the coal gangue, and opens up a new way for utilizing the coal gangue.

(2) The invention utilizes the mine water as the water source for making the seedling substrate and irrigating the rice, thereby not only saving underground water resources and solving the problem of agricultural water resource shortage, but also effectively utilizing the mine water and reducing the pollution of the mine water to surface soil and water.

(3) The seedling substrate prepared by the invention can be used for planting rice, can simultaneously achieve the effects of reducing the damage of the traditional planting mode to soil layers and improving the quality and the yield of the rice, effectively utilizes the solid wastes and mine water in mining areas, changes waste into valuable, and has important significance for sustainable development of agricultural and mining resources.

(4) The application of the seedling substrate of the invention gets rid of the dependence of rice seedling on soil. The problem of difficult soil taking is solved by using the substrate for seedling culture, and the damage to a soil layer is reduced; and secondly, the seedling culture medium provides a large amount of organic substances, nutrient elements and the like, and the soil is loose, breathable, fertilizer-retaining and water-retaining, so that the quality and the yield of the rice are improved.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an underground mine water treatment system.

Detailed Description

Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. In the referenced drawings, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.

A method for planting rice by combining a seedling raising matrix prepared from coal gangue and mine water comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting high-quality rice varieties for soaking seeds and accelerating germination, and waiting for sowing seedlings.

Selecting high-quality and high-yield rice varieties with strong disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, strong environmental adaptability, high earning rate, large ears and high maturing rate, such as 9-Jinjiu Chang and Ji Jing 74 in the field. Selecting seeds by using saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, soaking the seeds for 5-7 days at the water temperature of 10-12 ℃, and mixing 25% of prochloraz, 90% of chlordane and 20% of bensheng according to the proportion of 7: 2: 4, disinfecting the seeds, wherein 2g of disinfectant is needed for every 1kg of seeds; accelerating germination at 30-38 deg.C until white skin appears on chest, spreading for cooling, and sowing.

(2) Mine water is treated by the underground mine water treatment system shown in figure 1.

The mine water treatment system comprises a lift pump room, a pre-settling regulating tank, a reaction tank, an inclined tube sedimentation tank, an intermediate water tank, a filter pump, a valveless filter tank, a disinfection tank and a clean water tank;

the mine water raw water is directly pumped into a pre-settling regulating reservoir by an underground lifting pump, the wastewater stays in the pre-settling regulating reservoir, suspended matters in the water are primarily settled, and coal slime is deposited at the bottom of the reservoir; pumping the effluent of the regulating reservoir into a reaction tank through a water pump, adding a coagulant, namely polyaluminium chloride and coagulant aid polyacrylamide into the reaction tank, stirring and mixing the mixture by a stirrer in the tank to form alum flocs by suspended matters and medicaments in the wastewater, and then feeding the alum flocs into an inclined tube sedimentation tank; further settling the wastewater in an inclined tube sedimentation tank to remove suspended matters in the water, and enabling the effluent to enter an intermediate water tank; water in the middle water tank is pumped into a valveless filter tank through a water pump for filtering treatment, and the residual water in the middle water tank is discharged; the effluent of the valveless filter enters a disinfection tank, chlorine dioxide is added at the water inlet of the disinfection tank for disinfection, so that a certain residual chlorine amount is maintained in the treated water, and the breeding of bacteria in a water supply system is prevented; the sterilized water is pumped into a clean water pool through reuse water for standby.

(3) Crushing and screening the coal gangue, the fly ash and the grass peat.

Crushing the coal gangue by a crusher into small blocks with the particle size of 5-10mm, sieving the turf and the fly ash by a 5mm sieve for later use, and manually removing plant residues, stones and other crushed materials contained in the raw materials.

(4) Mixing the crushed and screened coal gangue, fly ash and turf according to a ratio, and adding the treated mine water to prepare the seedling culture substrate.

The coal gangue, the grass peat and the fly ash are uniformly mixed according to the mixing ratio of 80:35:15, and then the treated mine water is added to adjust the water content of the substrate to 40%. The thickness of the finally formed soil matrix layer is 4-8 cm.

(5) The prepared seedling raising substrate is used for seeding and raising seedlings.

The method comprises the steps of adopting a seedling raising hole tray (24cm × 17cm, 90 holes) special for rice, loading a substrate into the seedling tray, leveling, keeping the thickness of 2-2.5cm, and keeping the thickness without pressing, uniformly sowing selected seeds into the substrate, sowing 120 grams of seeds in each tray, generally keeping not less than 3 seeds per square centimeter, lightly scattering the substrate after sowing, covering the substrate, scraping and removing redundant substrate, and keeping the thickness of 0.5 cm.

(6) After rice sprouts, the sprouts are sown on a seedbed, covered with soil, watered sufficiently with treated mine water, the saturated water content is controlled to be more than 60%, mulching films are paved, and seedlings are waited to grow.

When the seedling placing disc is put on the seedling bed, the short edge of the seedling placing disc is outward placed, aligned and tightly placed, thereby being beneficial to subsequent seedling transplanting.

(7) And (3) finishing a farmland, applying urea as a base fertilizer, applying 110-130kg of urea once per hectare, transplanting seedlings into the farmland when the seedlings grow to about 12-15 cm, adding treated mine water into the farmland, and setting the irrigation standard to be 15-20 mm in water depth.

Determining the transplanting density according to the fertility of the rice field, and planting 1-2 seedlings in each nest. Adopting double-row strip planting: 0.9-1.0 ruler for large row, 0.4-0.5 ruler for small row, and 0.4-0.5 ruler for pit distance.

The top dressing amount is 10-15 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 kg of potash fertilizer and 1.5 jin of zinc sulfate applied to each mu. And (4) topdressing for 2-3 times according to the growth condition of the rice, and meanwhile, paying attention to insect prevention and pest control.

And (3) analysis: the yield is measured in the harvest period, the yield is 520 kg per mu, the rice ears are full, the thousand kernel weight is 27 g, the rice yield is high and is more than 83%, compared with the average data of rice produced by soil seedling culture, the rice yield is 5%, the number of the rice ears is more than 3.8, and the empty shrinkage rate is 1.9%. Therefore, the method for raising seedlings and planting rice by using the substrate can recycle waste, is beneficial to sustainable development of ecological resources, and has high rice yield and excellent quality.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

Claims

1. The method for planting the rice by combining the seedling raising matrix prepared by the coal gangue and mine water is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(2) treating mine water through an underground mine water treatment system;

(3) crushing and screening the coal gangue, the fly ash and the grass peat;

2. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (1), the high-quality rice variety is a high-quality and high-yield variety with strong disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, strong environmental adaptability, high earning rate, large ears and high maturing rate;

3. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (2), the mine water treatment system comprises a lift pump room, a pre-settling regulating tank, a reaction tank, an inclined tube sedimentation tank, an intermediate water tank, a filter pump, a valveless filter tank, a disinfection tank and a clean water tank;

4. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (3), the coal gangue is crushed into small blocks with the particle size of 5-10mm by a crusher, wherein the grass carbon and the fly ash are sieved for standby by a 5mm sieve, and plant residues, stones and other crushed objects contained in the raw materials are manually removed.

5. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (4), the coal gangue, the grass peat and the fly ash are mixed according to the weight ratio of 80:35:15, the treated mine water is added to adjust the water content of the matrix to 40%, and the thickness of the formed soil matrix layer is 4-8 cm.

6. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (5), a seedling raising plug special for rice is adopted, the substrate is loaded into a seedling tray and is scraped flat, the thickness is kept at 2-2.5cm, and pressing is not needed;

7. The method for planting paddy rice by using the combination of the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water as claimed in claim 6,

in the step (5), after sowing, lightly scattering the substrate, covering a cover, scraping and removing the redundant substrate, and keeping the thickness of 0.5 cm.

8. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (6), the short edge of the seedling tray is outward arranged, aligned and tightly arranged when the seedling tray is put on the seedbed, thereby being beneficial to subsequent transplanting.

9. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (7), determining the transplanting density according to the fertility of the rice field, and planting 1-2 seedlings in each pit; adopting double-row strip planting: 0.9-1.0 ruler for large row, 0.4-0.5 ruler for small row, and 0.4-0.5 ruler for pit distance.

10. The method for planting rice by using the seedling raising substrate prepared from coal gangue and mine water in combination as claimed in claim 1,

in the step (8), the top dressing amount is 10-15 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 kg of potash fertilizer and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate applied to each mu, and the top dressing is carried out for 2-3 times according to the growth condition of rice.