CN111418298A - Saline-alkali soil improvement method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111418298A CN111418298A CN202010314220.7A CN202010314220A CN111418298A CN 111418298 A CN111418298 A CN 111418298A CN 202010314220 A CN202010314220 A CN 202010314220A CN 111418298 A CN111418298 A CN 111418298A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps: diluting the liquid saline-alkali soil pH conditioner by 800 times with water to obtain the pH conditioning diluent, and uniformly spraying the pH conditioning diluent on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 2-5 Kg/mu; measuring the soil, namely measuring the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved; deeply ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil according to the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the improved soil, carrying out concealed conduit salt elimination on the leveled saline-alkali soil, irrigating the saline-alkali soil after laying the concealed conduit, and applying a soil directional conditioner to the treated saline-alkali soil; according to the saline-alkali soil improvement method, the soil is improved by adopting the improver, so that the biogas slurry, the fly ash and the desulfurized gypsum which pollute the environment are effectively consumed, the waste is changed into valuable, the planting condition of the soil is improved, and particularly the key problem of soil salinization in China is solved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement method.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a soil type widely distributed in the world and is an important land resource. The area of the global saline-alkali soil is about 150 hundred million mu, and the area of the national saline-alkali soil is about 5.4 hundred million mu, which accounts for one thirtieth of the world; the cultivated land of saline-alkali land in China is about 0.9 hundred million mu, and the cultivated land of China is only 15 hundred million mu, which occupies nearly one fifteen times of the cultivated land area of China. The method has become the biggest obstacle for restricting ecological environment construction and agricultural sustainable development in China. Meanwhile, with the large-area reclamation of land, the salinization of soil caused by unreasonable irrigation and water quality deterioration has not been developed at a high speed before. Therefore, saline-alkali soil treatment is a worldwide problem and is also a global research hotspot.
At present, the measures for treating the saline-alkali soil comprise four measures of biology, physics, chemistry and water conservancy. The chemical improvement is an effective measure for treating severe saline-alkali soil, and the research of the current soil improvement agent is a hotspot for researching a novel multifunctional improvement agent which is prepared from natural improvement agents (particularly industrial and agricultural wastes) serving as raw materials in common improvement agents. However, the single waste is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, the improvement effect is poor, and other negative effects can be brought if the single waste is applied in a large amount. For example:
the biogas slurry produced by anaerobic fermentation of livestock manure and other pasture and farm waste not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements which are easy to be absorbed by plants, but also contains various microbial populations capable of improving soil planting conditions, and in addition, the biogas slurry also contains gibberellin, butyric acid, indoleacetic acid and other substances, so that the biogas slurry has unique insect and disease inhibiting effects. Due to the advantages of the biogas slurry and the unique natural alkalescence of the biogas slurry, the biogas slurry can be proved to be used as a soil conditioner for improving cultivated land and saline-alkali soil. However, the simple use of biogas slurry for soil improvement has the following disadvantages: 1. the nutrient concentration is low, and the fertility cost is obviously higher than that of a chemical fertilizer; 2. chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is too high and does not meet the national emission standard; 3. the smell is unpleasant, mosquitoes can grow when the mosquito repellent is used in a large area, and the environment is polluted; 4. the independent use of the biogas slurry does not basically affect the reduction of the alkalization degree and the volume weight of the soil.
The power plant fly ash (hereinafter referred to as fly ash) contains various chemical nutrient elements required by plants, so that the power plant fly ash is a multifunctional soil conditioner. Practice proves that the application of a proper amount of fly ash has obvious yield increasing effect on main crops such as wheat, corn, rice, soybean and the like. Meanwhile, the protein content of the grain grown after the fly ash is applied is increased. In soil with low available silicon, the fly ash and the humic acid are combined for use, so that the content of the available silicon in the soil can be increased, and the growth conditions of crops are improved. However, the coal ash used for improving the soil has the following defects: 1. the absorbable nutrition content is low, and the fertility is low; 2. when the use method is improper, dust can be generated, and heavy metal pollution can be caused when the use amount is too large; 3. the acidity or the alkalization degree of the soil can be reduced only by physical and chemical adsorption, the microbial population of the soil cannot be fundamentally adjusted, the planting environment is improved, and the temporary solution and the permanent solution are treated.
The main components of the power plant desulfurization gypsum (hereinafter referred to as desulfurization gypsum) are CaSO4 and a small amount of CaSO3, the property of the power plant desulfurization gypsum is similar to that of natural gypsum, and the power plant desulfurization gypsum contains abundant mineral nutrients such as S, Ca, Si and the like which are necessary or beneficial to plants, so that the power plant desulfurization gypsum has a good prospect in soil improvement. After the desulfurized gypsum is added into the soil, the alkalinity of the soil can be reduced because Ca2+ in the gypsum reacts with free sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in the soil to generate calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate, so that the alkalinity of the soil is reduced, and an environment suitable for the growth of green crops is provided. The foreign experimental study shows that: 0.5 to 1.0 percent of desulfurized gypsum is added into the heavy salt alkaline soil in the dead land, so that the effects of increasing the yield and the income of crops can be achieved. However, the soil improvement by using the desulfurized gypsum only has the following disadvantages: 1. the absorbable nutrition content is low, and the fertility is low; 2. when the use method is improper, dust can be generated, and heavy metal pollution can be caused when the use amount is too large; 3. the acidity or the alkalization degree of the soil can be reduced only by physical and chemical adsorption, the microbial population of the soil cannot be fundamentally adjusted, the planting environment is improved, and the temporary solution and the permanent solution are treated, so that a saline-alkali soil improvement method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improvement method which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
step one, diluting a liquid saline-alkali soil pH conditioner by 800 times with water to obtain a pH conditioning diluent, and uniformly spraying the pH conditioning diluent on the surface of a saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 2-5 Kg/mu;
measuring the soil, namely measuring the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved;
thirdly, deeply ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil according to the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the improved soil, carrying out concealed conduit salt elimination on the leveled saline-alkali soil, irrigating the saline-alkali soil after laying the concealed conduit, and applying a soil directional conditioner to the treated saline-alkali soil;
step four, covering the saline-alkali soil with the soil directional conditioner for 2-5 days, removing the covering film and carrying out leaching treatment;
step five, calculating the application amounts of the desulfurized gypsum, the fly ash and the biogas slurry, determining the improvement depth of the soil to be improved according to the actual requirement of the soil to be improved and the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved measured in the step one, and then, according to the following component proportions in parts by weight: 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of biogas slurry and 5 parts of soil to be improved, and calculating the amount of desulfurized gypsum, fly ash and biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved;
step six, paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash, and paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash on the surface of the soil to be improved according to the amount of the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash which are required to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved and calculated in the step two;
step seven, biogas slurry is applied, 40 percent of the calculated weight of the biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved is uniformly poured into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, after 3 days, 30 percent of the calculated weight of the biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved is uniformly poured into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers again, and rotary tillage is carried out for the first time; and after 2 days, uniformly pouring 30% of the calculated biogas slurry required to be applied to the soil to be improved per mu into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, and carrying out rotary tillage for the second time to finish the application of the fertilizer.
Preferably, the biogas slurry can accelerate the adsorption of desulfurized gypsum and fly ash on soluble sodium ions in saline-alkali soil so as to quickly reduce the alkalinity of the soil; meanwhile, the unique sterilization and bacteriostasis functions of the biogas slurry can be exerted, and pathogenic bacteria in the soil can be killed; the microbial environment of the soil can be improved, and the aim of improving the soil is fulfilled; suspended matters in the biogas slurry can provide pure biological nutrition and organic matters for soil and provide carriers and nutrient sources for microbial populations.
Preferably, the biogas slurry is subjected to anaerobic fermentation treatment, and the content of suspended substances in biogas residues in the biogas slurry is more than or equal to 6%.
Preferably, the granularity of the fly ash is more than or equal to 240 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent.
Preferably, the purity of the desulfurized gypsum is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the water content is more than or equal to 10 percent.
Preferably, the granularity of the fly ash is more than or equal to 260 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 4 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the saline-alkali soil improvement method combines the desulfurized gypsum, the biogas slurry and the fly ash according to a reasonable proportion, increases the reasonable consumption of the waste biogas slurry, the fly ash and the desulfurized gypsum, thereby reducing the pressure of the desulfurized gypsum, the biogas slurry and the fly ash on the environment, increasing the nutrient density of the saline-alkali soil improvement method to a certain extent, and enriching the types of nutrient components; due to the adsorption effect of the fly ash and the desulfurized gypsum, the peculiar smell of the biogas slurry is basically eliminated, and the problem of mosquito breeding is solved; by applying the saline-alkali soil improvement method, the microbial environment of the soil and a recycling system of nutrient substances and water are adjusted, and the planting condition of the soil is fundamentally improved; the soil is improved by adopting the modifier, so that the biogas slurry, the fly ash and the desulfurized gypsum which pollute the environment are effectively consumed, the waste is changed into valuable, the planting condition of the soil is improved, the key problem currently faced by China, namely soil salinization, is particularly solved to a certain extent, and the modifier has great economic benefit and social benefit; by using the method of the invention to improve saline-alkali soil, the alkalization degree is reduced by 30% compared with that of the singly used fly ash, and the volume weight is reduced by 35% compared with that of the singly used desulfurized gypsum.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
When the saline-alkali soil is improved, firstly diluting a liquid saline-alkali soil pH conditioner by 500-800 times with water to obtain the pH conditioning diluent, and uniformly spraying the pH conditioning diluent on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 2-5 Kg/mu; measuring the soil, namely measuring the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved; deeply ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil according to the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the improved soil, carrying out concealed conduit salt elimination on the leveled saline-alkali soil, irrigating the saline-alkali soil after laying the concealed conduit, and applying a soil directional conditioner to the treated saline-alkali soil; covering a film on the saline-alkali soil to which the soil directional conditioner is applied for 2-5 days, removing the film, and leaching; calculating the application amounts of the desulfurized gypsum, the fly ash and the biogas slurry, determining the improvement depth of the soil to be improved according to the actual requirement of the soil to be improved and the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved measured in the step one, and then, according to the following component proportions in parts by weight: 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of biogas slurry and 5 parts of soil to be improved, and calculating the amount of desulfurized gypsum, fly ash and biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved; paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash, and paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash on the surface of the soil to be improved according to the amount of the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash which are required to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved and calculated in the step two; applying biogas slurry, namely uniformly pouring 40% of the calculated biogas slurry to be applied to the soil to be improved per mu into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, uniformly pouring 30% of the calculated biogas slurry to be applied to the soil to be improved per mu after 3 days, and uniformly pouring the biogas slurry into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers again, and carrying out primary rotary tillage; and after 2 days, uniformly pouring 30% of the calculated weight of the biogas slurry required to be applied to the soil to be improved per mu into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, and carrying out rotary tillage for the second time, wherein the alkalization degree of the soil to which the fertilizer is applied is represented by Na + saturation, and the alkalization degree is the percentage of exchangeable Na + absorbed on soil colloid in cation exchange capacity. When the alkalization degree reaches a certain degree, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be changed in a series, and the pH of the soil is more than 8.5 and even more than 10.0 due to extremely strong alkaline reaction; the soil is dispersed, muddy when wet, airtight and impervious, hard when dry, extremely poor in tillage, and the series of changes of the physical and chemical properties of the soil are called alkalization. The degree of alkalization is an important index for the classification, utilization and improvement of saline-alkali soil. The alkalinization degree is generally defined as alkaline earth of more than 20%, and the alkalinized soil of 5-20%.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A saline-alkali soil improvement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, diluting a liquid saline-alkali soil pH conditioner by 800 times with water to obtain a pH conditioning diluent, and uniformly spraying the pH conditioning diluent on the surface of a saline-alkali soil, wherein the application amount is 2-5 Kg/mu;
measuring the soil, namely measuring the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved;
thirdly, deeply ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil according to the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the improved soil, carrying out concealed conduit salt elimination on the leveled saline-alkali soil, irrigating the saline-alkali soil after laying the concealed conduit, and applying a soil directional conditioner to the treated saline-alkali soil;
step four, covering the saline-alkali soil with the soil directional conditioner for 2-5 days, removing the covering film and carrying out leaching treatment;
step five, calculating the application amounts of the desulfurized gypsum, the fly ash and the biogas slurry, determining the improvement depth of the soil to be improved according to the actual requirement of the soil to be improved and the volume weight and the alkalization degree of the soil to be improved measured in the step one, and then, according to the following component proportions in parts by weight: 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of biogas slurry and 5 parts of soil to be improved, and calculating the amount of desulfurized gypsum, fly ash and biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved;
step six, paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash, and paving the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash on the surface of the soil to be improved according to the amount of the desulfurized gypsum and the fly ash which are required to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved and calculated in the step two;
step seven, biogas slurry is applied, 40 percent of the calculated weight of the biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved is uniformly poured into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, after 3 days, 30 percent of the calculated weight of the biogas slurry to be applied to each mu of soil to be improved is uniformly poured into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers again, and rotary tillage is carried out for the first time; and after 2 days, uniformly pouring 30% of the calculated biogas slurry required to be applied to the soil to be improved per mu into the laid fly ash and desulfurized gypsum layers, and carrying out rotary tillage for the second time to finish the application of the fertilizer.
2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biogas slurry can accelerate the adsorption of desulfurized gypsum and fly ash on soluble sodium ions in saline-alkali soil so as to quickly reduce the alkalinity of the soil; meanwhile, the unique sterilization and bacteriostasis functions of the biogas slurry can be exerted, and pathogenic bacteria in the soil can be killed; the microbial environment of the soil can be improved, and the aim of improving the soil is fulfilled; suspended matters in the biogas slurry can provide pure biological nutrition and organic matters for soil and provide carriers and nutrient sources for microbial populations.
3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biogas slurry is subjected to anaerobic fermentation treatment, and the content of biogas residue suspended matters in the biogas slurry is more than or equal to 6%.
4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the fly ash is more than or equal to 240 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent.
5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purity of the desulfurized gypsum is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the water content is more than or equal to 10 percent.
6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the fly ash is more than or equal to 260 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 4 percent.
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Application publication date: 20200717 |