RU2732794C1 - Method of enriching soil with help of layer of superabsorbent during rape cultivation, mainly in sprinkling system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of soil enrichment during cultivation of spring rape. Method involves adding a superabsorbent in the form of an interlayer into arable layer. After harvesting of the precursor, the field is prepared - solid swine manure is used as organic manure with moisture content of 80–87 %, which is mixed with bird droppings with moisture content of 20–30 % and taken at ratio of 1:3 respectively. Obtained mixture is subjected to natural composting in a warm season for at least 30 days and for at least 60 days - during the cold season, as a result of which the mixture is heated. Additionally, the Baikal-EM1 microbiological preparation is used and the mixture is irrigated with the preparation solution in water at ratio of 1:10, and then simultaneously produced mixture is introduced with granules of superabsorbent by spreading on dry field before deep ploughing of field. Arable layer is moistened with liquid stock-raising effluents or pure water with the help of sprinkling equipment to the lowest moisture content without destroying the soil structure. Then, after formation of crusts on the earth's surface, loosened with disc harrows at depth of 2–3.5 cm, smoothing and rolling are performed with smooth water-filling rollers. Composition of rape is formed by sowing seeds with a given seeding rate. Supply of liquid effluents or clean water is carried out with allowable flow rate of sprinkling and duration, providing for deep loosening of soil layer gradual absorption of liquid effluents or pure water. Superabsorbent granules accumulate liquid effluent or pure water without disturbance of soil structure with subsequent growth of plants and formation of seed yield.

EFFECT: method increases soil fertility and productivity of rape plants with reduction of environmental pollution.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of soil enrichment in the cultivation of crops.

Climatic conditions are also one of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of cultivation of spring or winter rapeseed. However, in all cases, the realization of the potential of rapeseed is largely determined by the availability of moisture during the growing season. For this, it is necessary to have well-aerated soils with a large supply of nutrients with a neutral and slightly alkaline reaction, capable of accumulating 130-145 mm of moisture in a meter layer by the sowing period. At the same time, rape is an ecologically plastic plant.

The main and pre-sowing tillage should ensure:

- elimination of compaction in the topsoil for good root penetration;

- uniform distribution in the arable layer of crop residues and other grinding of plants;

Accumulation and preservation of soil moisture, prevention of water and wind erosion;

- leveling the field surface for high-quality sowing.

At present, in the preparation of the soil, a well-known moldboard and other tillage is used. However, it should be borne in mind that the requirements for high-quality plowing for rapeseed take into account the optimal processing depth from 20-22 to 25-27 cm, as well as the leveling of the field surface, while the need for deeper basic processing of the soil for rapeseed, especially in contaminated areas of the field.

With deep loosening of the soil layer and at the same time the leveled surface of the field, the soil accumulates moisture well. Thus, the technology of rapeseed cultivation plays an important role, which means that good access of air and heat is needed for seed germination and provide sufficient moisture and nutrients. So, for the formation of one ton of seed yield, rapeseed consumes twice as much nitrogen and phosphorus than grain crops and 3-5 times more potassium. It should also be taken into account that plants absorb nutrients through the roots through diffusion and movement of the particle stream with the water flow; it is important to place in a more moisture-rich soil layer.

It is known that mineral fertilizers improve the circulation and balance of nutrients, at the same time, organic fertilizers are not only an important source of nutrients for plants, but also replenish the stock of humus in the soil, one of the main indicators of its potential fertility. The function of organic fertilizers is important - their ameliorative effect, improvement of all soil soils, optimization of their humus state (Minaev V.G. Chemicalization of agriculture and the natural environment. M .: VO Agropromizdat, 1990, pp. 36-68 and 212-256).

Each soil is characterized by its own indicators of soil fertility, formed over many centuries and indicators of humus state (Grishin L.A. Humus formation and humus state of soils. M., 1986; Orlov D.S.Humus acids of soils and the general theory of humification. M., 1990).

Livestock fertilizers include solid and liquid formulations. Solid manure mainly fertilizes the soil with phosphorus, while liquid manure fertilizes the soil with nitrogen and potassium. However, liquid manure (runoff) still needs to be retained in the soil (liquid substance) and thereby improve its physical and biological properties), especially since it can be preserved in the soil with the introduction of special superabsorbent granules with a moisture-absorbing capacity (to absorb into itself for further feeding the root systems, such as rapeseed). Late-ripening spring rape has a maturity before harvesting - 110 days; mid-season - 90-100 days; early maturing - 80 days.

And for this, water-soluble fertilizers are also needed from leaching from the soil. We also need preparations that are compact, small in size, for example, sorbent granules, which, by the volume of the granules themselves, can be a certain layer in the soil and can increase due to abundant watering and accumulate fertilizers and water in themselves, forming an ice structure, or otherwise "Hard water". Such water was the first to offer such a technology by Mexican scientists to develop Sold Rain ("Solid Water"), which can become indispensable in arid regions or in case of insufficient precipitation 8 such as the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, etc.

It should be noted the technical solution known to this confirmation (Patent RU No. 2574722, C08F 220/56, C08L 3/02, C08L 1/08, C08L 5/08, A61L 15/28, A61L 15/00 dated 10.02.2016). which the creation of a superabsorbent method refers to the chemistry of high-molecular compounds, in particular to drugs that have the ability to absorb a large amount of water, and therefore possibly soluble substances (fertilizers), and then, as the soil dries out, the granules begin to give the soil moisture-soluble fertilizers to the desired saturation level and even influence not only the quality of fertilizer retention, but also influence crop growth and the formation of oilseeds of rapeseed during vegetative growth. At the same time, it is environmentally friendly and for use in agriculture. However, at present there is no technological scheme for the design of an irrigation system, when livestock fertilizers in their mechanical composition have a different product, using not only a dispersion of solid sediment aggregates, but also using sprinkling technology.

A known method of soil enrichment by introducing zeolite into it (Inventor's certificate SU No. 977443, C05F 11/08 from 30.11.1982). A known method of soil enrichment, including the creation in the lower part of the arable layer of a shielding layer up to 10 cm thick from bentonite or bentonite-like clays and the introduction of manure together with glauconite in the surface layer of the soil. Thus, a waterproof layer of clay is created, which prevents the penetration of irrigation water deep into well-filtered soil, which makes it possible to rationally use irrigation water and atmospheric precipitation on sandy soils (Inventor's certificate SU No. 1794342, А01В 79/02 dated 15.02.1993).

There is a known method of soil reclamation, proposing the introduction of ash to the bottom of the arable horizon with a continuous layer with a thickness of 4-5 cm, with a rate of 150-200 t / ha (Patent RU No. 2028033, А01В 79/02, C09K 17/00 dated 09.02.1995). This method serves to remove excess moisture from the arable horizon and increase the moisture content of the underlying horizons. This irrigation and drainage technique allows you to redistribute moisture over soil layers by creating a filter layer. Ash introduced to the bottom of the arable horizon, depending on its chemical composition, can adversely affect soil fertility, especially coal with a high content of residual sulfur, which, after some transformation in the soil under the influence of a certain temperature, moisture, microflora, can saturate the soil moisture with sulfuric acid.

The disadvantage of the known methods is that their use does not reduce the loss of useful substances when they are washed out by sediments from the arable layer. In addition, the amount of nutrients available to plants is not enough, such as compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen and their dissolution, and other metals. Another main disadvantage is that the known technology does not provide for the production of compost of pig manure with the simultaneous use of poultry manure and use for irrigation of liquid effluents from animal husbandry. All this reduces the yield of cultivated crops, and the lack of water in arid regions. Organic fertilizers for livestock and poultry farming in the conditions of their production on an industrial scale accumulate a lot of poultry droppings, pig manure and cow dung, and also accumulate large volumes of liquid effluents from animal husbandry. Organic fertilizers must be retained in the soil, which increases soil fertility, and, consequently, the productivity of agricultural crops. Organic fertilizers of liquid effluents, when used in certain doses of their composition for application and irrigation with sprinklers, have the following advantages:

- the water-holding capacity of soils increases over several years;

- the frequency of irrigation (watering) can be reduced by 75%;

- reduces the loss of water and nutrients introduced with livestock solid manure mixed with poultry droppings and irrigation with liquid livestock runoff, they are not washed out of the soil;

- reduces evaporation from the soil;

- improves the physical properties of dense soils by increasing aeration;

- increases plant growth and yield of oilseeds, in particular, rapeseed, because water and nutrients are constantly available in the root zone for optimal plant absorption;

- when irrigating with liquid livestock drains, taking into account the introduction of solid pig manure (cow) at the first stage, poultry droppings are simultaneously prepared as part of composting, they do not go into underground waters, but on the contrary are retained, even in the deep arable layer, where the rape roots penetrate, the layer of which necessary for the growth and development of plants during the entire growing season.

It is possible to give analogs of the method for creating moisture content in the soil and applying fertilizers (AS SU No. 897134, А01В 79/02, A01G 25/06 dated January 15, 1982; No. 1516025, А01В 79/02, C09K 17/00 dated October 23, 1989 ; No. 1246920, А01С 21/00, А01В 49/06 dated 30.07.1986; No. 1243646, А01С 7/00, А01С 21/00 dated 15.07.1986; Patent RU No. 2185047, А01С 21/00 dated 20.07.2002). However, they have, the aforementioned analogs, an insufficient amount of nutrients available to plants during deep plowing, for example, sulfur, which reduces humification in acidic soils; when crops alternate in crop rotation, compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen, where these compounds do not dissolve enough, forming forms harmful to microorganisms. In addition, in acidic soils, chemical compounds are formed that are inaccessible to rape plants during deep plowing of the field, capable of accumulating 130-145 mm of moisture in a meter layer of 130-145 mm of moisture during the period of rape sowing, which requires elimination of compaction in the arable layer for good root penetration, etc. for soil that should accumulate precipitation and watering at any time during the basic preparation of the soil for sowing small-seeded rape, especially on soils with a heavy texture, which means that access of air and heat is needed for germination of seeds, fertilizer and moisture, respectively. From their deeper layers through capillary pores, all this should go to the germinating seeds, which will allow you to get friendly and aligned seedlings, and as a result, will reduce environmental pollution.

Rape makes high demands on the supply of nutrients to the soil, for example, for the formation of one ton of seed crop, rape consumes twice as much nitrogen and phosphorus as grain crops and 3-5 times more potassium.

For the formation of a yield of 18-20 kg / ha, spring rape needs to spend 108-120 kg / ha of nitrogen from the soil. Here it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the placement in the soil of the core system of the rapeseed crop, their nutrition through diffusion and movement of the flow of particles with the flow of water, and how, at the same time, to place fertilizers in a more moisture-rich soil layer.

Rape, like all cabbage plants, is hygrophilous, and it needs from 600-800 mm of precipitation during the growing season for the development of stemming, budding and flowering. This means that for successful growth and development, such elements are also needed: sulfur, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc and cobalt. All this is mainly found in organic fertilizers for poultry manure and animal husbandry with the use of superabsorbent granules together.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a method of soil enrichment using a sorbent layer, including the introduction of a sorbent layer of a fixed thickness on the bottom of the plow layer, while zeolite is used as a sorbent, and the layer is made in the form of a mesh screen with a thickness of 0.5-1 , 0 cm, in addition, after the introduction of zeolite into the soil, mineral fertilizers are applied to the surface layer of the soil (Patent RU No. 2132122, А01С 21/00, C09K 17/00 from 27.06.1999).

The existing method does not simultaneously solve the problem of soil enrichment, increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and obtaining environmentally friendly products. In addition, it does not provide for the production of compost from poultry manure with the simultaneous use of solid pig manure (cow), firstly. Secondly, liquid livestock waste contains organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants in a form accessible to it and is transferred to separation, as noted, into a solid fraction of manure until ecologically safe parameters are obtained; thirdly, liquid effluents with their subsequent introduction as irrigation (irrigation passes through sprinkler units (machines), an irrigation field in motion into a prepared field. This determines the introduction of livestock compost with the simultaneous use of poultry manure, the composition of which contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical elements when embedded in the soil with conventional processing equipment (loaders, tractor trailers and spreaders, dump trucks, plows, etc.) Thus, in the known prototype, a stimulant is not sufficient for intensive accumulation of humus in the soil and retention of nutrients, for example, special superabsorbent granules together with scattering of compost from poultry manure and pig manure (cattle or pig manure), the superabsorbent granules of which are able to accumulate a sufficient amount of water with fertilizers, and then in dry weather, when the humidity level around the superabsorbent granules is lower a certain level I, these bonds should change with the matrix, they break, and the structure of the liquid changes, which allows both water and nutrients to be released into the soil through the capillary pores to the germinating seeds, respectively, and the rise of moisture from deeper layers to obtain friendly and aligned rape seedlings through its roots, which are located in a more moisture-rich soil layer.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the yield of agricultural crops by increasing soil fertility and obtaining environmentally friendly products, as well as the use of a polymer (superabsorbent), which, when spreading poultry droppings and pig solid manure together in compost before the main deep plowing of the soil, and then heavily watered with waste water or clean water and it starts to work automatically, like an interlayer in the soil, maintaining the level of moisture necessary for the plant and increasing soil fertility during plowing for planting, growth and development of rapeseed on a cultivated irrigation field with a sprinkler and with intensive use of arable land in grain crop rotation in the zone of risky agriculture of the country, and therefore, obtaining a guaranteed rapeseed crop when irrigated by sprinkling liquid effluents and through the effective use of both poultry manure and animal husbandry in organic fertilizer in the form of compost when plowing a field.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to expand the technological capabilities of safe, low-cost and economically clean disposal of poultry manure and animal waste with an increase in the activity of soil microorganisms, a decrease in soil density and an increase in soil humus content, as well as an additive in the form of a microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1".

The task is achieved by the fact that in the method of soil enrichment using a superabsorbent layer during the cultivation of rapeseed, mainly in the sprinkling system, including the introduction of a superabsorbent into the arable layer in the form of an interlayer, according to the invention, after harvesting the predecessor, the field is prepared - used as organic fertilizer solid pig manure with a moisture content of 80-87%, which is mixed with poultry droppings with a moisture content of 20-30% and taken in a ratio of 1: 3, respectively, the resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for at least 30 days and for at least 60 day - in the cold season, as a result of which the mixture heats up, while additionally using the microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" and irrigate the mixture with a solution of the preparation in water in a ratio of 1:10 and then simultaneously add the resulting mixture with superabsorbent granules by scattering over a dry field before deep plowing of the field, moistening the arable layer p They are carried out with liquid livestock drains or clean water using sprinkling equipment to the lowest moisture content, without destroying the structure of the soil, then, after the formation of a crust on the surface of the earth, they loosen with disc harrows to a depth of 2-3.5 cm, leveling and rolling with smooth water-filled rollers, then form the composition varietal rapeseed by sowing seeds with a given seeding rate, while the supply of liquid effluents or clean water is carried out with an admissible sprinkler irrigation rate and a duration that ensures gradual absorption of liquid waste or clean water during deep loosening of the soil layer, superabsorbent granules accumulate liquid runoff or clean water without disturbing soil structure followed by plant growth and seed yield formation.

In addition, undiluted preparation "Baikal-EM1" is additionally added to the liquid runoff of animal husbandry during irrigation.

In addition, the preparation of a solution of the drug "Baikal-EM1" is carried out in drinking water.

It should be noted that in the conditions of the production of poultry products and livestock products (cattle, pig breeding) on an industrial scale, a lot of poultry droppings and livestock (cow and pig manure) accumulate in storage facilities. Storage facilities are a source of harmful substances and unpleasant odors. The creation of a method for the simultaneous processing of poultry manure and animal manure into organic fertilizer in the form of compost before delivery to the planned field will eliminate their intermediate storage and will provide an additional source of income for enterprises, and for consumers - organic fertilization and, as noted, increase soil fertility, and, consequently , the yield, for example, of rapeseed plants. In addition, organic compost fertilization will reduce environmental pollution.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that a closed pipeline with sprinkling equipment (unit), created within the boundaries of an irrigated field when growing rapeseed, taking into account the specific preparation of organic fertilizers for poultry manure and animal husbandry, the latter consists of solid manure and liquid runoff, with an additive to improve the quality organic fertilization and subsequent natural composting, when the microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" is used, and manure with a given humidity of animal husbandry is 80-87%, and poultry manure is 20-30%, respectively, in a ratio of 1: 3, with deep plowing of the field, the soil is enriched with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and other chemical elements, which are then accumulated with liquid runoff or with clean water with special superabsorbent granules. All this contributes to the improvement of the nutritional regime of the soil and the restoration of the humus reserve, i.e. poultry manure and livestock wastes, taking into account the addition of the microbiological preparation “Baikal-EM1”, enrich the soil, organic substances decompose in the soil and accumulate at the same time in superabsorbent granules. This means that the soil will need water less often, since after a strong spillage by sewage or water using sprinklers, the polymer starts to work in an automatic mode, maintaining the moisture level necessary for plants, like rape with a development of the root system, and have aerated soil, with a large supply of nutrients in a neutral and slightly alkaline reaction, capable of accumulating in a meter layer 130-145 mm of moisture by the period not only of sowing, but also for crop growth during the growing season. When this level falls below a certain threshold, the granules will give water with fertilizers to the soil. And when irrigated with a sprinkler unit or during rain (precipitation), they swell again, absorbing it. One filling of their polymer with water can be enough for the entire growing season. They last from five to ten years, and they are capable of absorbing 500 liters of water per 1 kg of superabsorbent granules. The superabsorbent granules, as noted above, are environmentally friendly. They are able not only to absorb moisture, but also trace elements (this is quite important for rapeseed in general) and can act as fertilizers.

Microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" is a microbiological fertilizer consisting of a complex of specially selected microorganisms. The biological product includes lactic acid, photosynthesized nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast, enzymes, etc., which quickly and efficiently process organic matter, while releasing a number of amino acids and other physiologically active substances that have a positive effect on healthy soils, plant growth and development.

The analysis of the state of the art carried out by the applicant, including a search for patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention.

To verify the invention with the requirement "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinguishing features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly for a specialist from the prior art, since the level technology did not reveal the effect of the provided essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under the current legislation.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the method of soil enrichment using a superabsorbent using organic fertilizers; in fig. 2 - distribution pipeline with a hydrant, section.

The scheme of the implementation of the method of soil enrichment using a superabsorbent layer during the cultivation of rapeseed, mainly in the sprinkling system, includes a supply line 1 - a pressure main pipeline, a control valve 2 and a relief valve 3, installed respectively at the beginning and at the end of the distribution pipeline 4. Vertical metal or polyethylene risers 5, the latter of high strength, equip the distribution pipeline 4 during the construction of an irrigation system in the field, which is then grown rapeseed.

The lower end of the riser 5 is rigidly connected to the distribution pipeline 4, and its upper end is supplied with a pressure hydrant 6 to connect the sprinkler 7 (unit) connected to the distribution pipeline 4, and place them between the vertical risers 5 with a hydrant b.

Before proceeding for the moisture saturation of the soil with organic liquid fertilizers, consisting of poultry manure and animal husbandry (cattle or pig breeding) in the form of a solid sediment with the preparation "Baikal-EM1" in the form of compost with the use of superabsorbent granules in the form of an interlayer in the soil, which acts in the role of an aggregator for the absorption of water and soluble fertilizers as they accumulate in the soil for planting rapeseed, in this case it is necessary to carry out deep plowing on a dry field and at the same time, before plowing, the compost mixture prepared on the site is scattered over the field, then it is scattered by known machines - spreaders (aggregates) compostable mixture and superabsorbent granules in an even layer. Deep plowing. In particular, with the intensive use of arable land in grain and grain-steam-row crop rotation in the zone of risky agriculture, which are the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions.

After deep plowing of 25-30 cm, before proceeding with the cultivation of arable land, they proceed along the plowed field (depressions are formed between the dump ridges associated with the plows of the aggregates during plowing) to the introduction of a fertilizing effect (watering) of liquid waste or water using sprinklers 7 After sprinkling and moistening of arable land with applied solid organic fertilizers and application of the microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" - a mixture in the form of compost mixed with superabsorbent granules, then runoff or water is supplied using sprinkler machines (aggregates) and the moisture content is reduced to the lowest moisture content without destroying the structure of the soil when irrigated with liquid effluents.

Consequently, to increase the fertilizing properties of manure with a given ratio in the form of compost in the soil layer, it is still not enough for the elements of decomposition and nutrition of rapeseed plants. Therefore, after the formation on the surface of the plowed field (earth), the crusts are loosened with disc harrows to a depth of 2-3.5 cm, leveling and rolling with smooth water-filled rollers is carried out, then the composition of varietal spring rape for sowing with a given seeding rate is formed (the seeding rates themselves are already known in literature).

The supply of liquid runoff by sprinklers after deep loosening of the soil before sowing rape seeds determines not only the moisture saturation of the soil and superabsorbent granules, but also determines the effect of a mixture of compost consisting of organic manure and poultry droppings in it, i.e. organic fertilizers with available: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, as well as other chemical elements found in organic fertilizers of poultry manure and animal husbandry (cattle or pig breeding), as it is necessary primarily for the normal nutrition of the root system of rapeseed in its growth and development.

Therefore, to increase the fertilizing properties of manure compost with the use of the preparation "Baikal-EM1", with a given ratio in the soil is still not enough, liquid fertilizers are added to the decomposition and nutritional elements of plants before sowing rapeseed and at the same time saturation (filling) with water of the superabsorbent granules, increasing the layer of moisture-retaining soil capacity, providing good access to air and heat for seed germination. In addition, it is possible to supply moisture to the germinating seeds from deeper layers through capillary pores, which makes it possible to obtain friendly and leveled spring rape seedlings. The ability to provide nutrients in the soil in general. As noted above, for example, to form a yield of 18-20 kg / ha of spring rape, it is necessary to consume 108-120 kg / ha of nitrogen from the soil. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the application of fertilizers, especially the placement in the soil of the taproot system of the rape crop, given that the plants absorb nutrients through the roots through diffusion and movement of the particle flow with the water flow, in which the fertilizer is also placed.

All these techniques in the complex allow you to evenly mix in the soil thickness, applied organic fertilizers in the form of compost and superabsorbent granules with the help of deep plowing and the use of cultivation. Sowing of seeds is carried out by known methods (conditions of use for small-seeded crops, for example, a CH-16 seeder, with a pre-calculated and adjusted seeding rate are not given here, is a separate issue).

It should be noted that the system of irrigation (irrigation) by sprinklers (units) is possible in any period of the growing season of a given climatic zone of the country.

Thus, at this time, the soil contains the greatest supply of productive moisture, which prevents good seed germination. Rape belongs to the cabbage family, and the proposed irrigation and preservation of soil moisture saturation with water and fertilizers using a layer of superabsorbent granules at this time does not allow the drying of the sowing layer of soil (seed planting depth of 3-4 cm) and the germination of the culture improves.

When preparing organic fertilizer in the form of compost, the following can be used: bird droppings according to TU 9849-008-00008064-95; pork manure according to OST 10-118-96; drinking water according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074. The finished compost has no pathogenic microflora or unpleasant odor. The structure of the compost is fine-grained, and the moisture content is not more than 65%. Compost is prepared at any time of the year, because when mixed it heats up to a certain temperature.

In addition, the proposed method allows the cultivation of spring rapeseed plants for seed or the cultivation of rapeseed for ecological fodder under conditions of an intensive green conveyor according to the proposed method, taking into account the influence of soil preparation, with the intensive use of arable land in grain and grain-steam-tilled crop rotation in the zone of risky agriculture , such as the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions.

Therefore, the species and varietal composition of the components of organic fertilizers from poultry manure and animal husbandry with the addition of the drug "Baikal-EM1" with superabsorbent granules should take into account and take into account the country's climatic zones and the irrigation zone (watering).

The utilization rate of phosphorus and especially potassium from manure is higher than that of nitrogen, while liquid manure fertilizes the soil more with nitrogen and potassium, and therefore, thereby improves its physical and biological properties.

Liquid runoff primarily provides potash nutrition for plants. The fertilizing effect of manure is mainly determined by the content of available manure (compost) in it, since in most soils for normal plant nutrition, first of all, there is not enough nitrogen.

In general, use the water supply available for organic fertilizers in the form of compost containing a high content of available nitrogen and other elements. They act as stimulants for the intensive development of microorganisms, decomposition of manure and tracking development, for example, race during the growing season, and if necessary, at an early stage, additional irrigation with sprinklers (aggregates) during the season is carried out, or the use of atmospheric precipitation in the form of rain, increasing the ability to collect and accumulate water to provide the soil with a sufficient amount of moisture throughout the growing season, capable of absorbing up to 500 liters of liquid per kilogram of superabsorbent granules, which is applied along with fertilizers. As the soil dries out, the superabsorbent granules begin to release water into the soil to the desired saturation level. In general, this contributes to an increase in the ecological purity of the crop in the field.

The proposed method for growing rapeseed leads not only to saving water, and to limiting labor and energy costs, but environmental requirements are observed when using superabsorbent granules, as well as using types of poultry droppings and organic fertilizers for livestock in the form of compost, simultaneously solving the problem of enriching the soil, increasing yields crops, etc., which is ensured by soil fertility.

The proposed method does not allow the main nutrients to be washed out: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other necessary chemical elements.

Remaining retained by the superabsorbent granules, nutrients are primarily used by the root system of germinating rapeseed seeds at a given planting depth of 3-4 cm and at a given seeding rate (according to known rapeseed growing methods). And the result is a consequence of the interaction of all components of organic origin and in the chemistry of high-molecular contents in the development of special granules of superabsorbent, specially introduced and simultaneously using waste for decomposition and accumulation of water in the soil after plowing the soil for sowing rapeseed.

Actually, the depth of incorporation of organic fertilizers in the form of compost and superabsorbent granules can be changed both upward and downward depending on the soil, cultivated crop, etc. It can also be destroyed by deep plowing and tillage with agricultural implements for even distribution along the profile of the arable layer.

Thus, the superabsorbent granules will give water to the soil with organic fertilizers in the form of compost, improve soil fertility and increase the yield when cultivating rapeseed and can be recommended for introduction into production in many soil and climatic zones, but in each case, the timing of application is taken into account organic fertilizers in the form of compost and calendar sowing dates. All this gives a significant advantage over the prototype, which means reducing the cost of growing rapeseed, as belonging to the cabbage family with a developed root system, and increasing the yield of environmentally friendly grain, as well as in fodder crop rotations of an intensive green conveyor as a leading fodder crop, and improving the ecological situation.

Claims (3)

1. A method of soil enrichment using a superabsorbent layer when cultivating rapeseed, mainly in a sprinkling system, including the introduction of a superabsorbent into the plow layer in the form of an interlayer, characterized in that after harvesting the predecessor, the field is prepared - solid pig manure with a moisture content of 80 -87%, which is mixed with poultry droppings with a moisture content of 20-30% and taken in a ratio of 1: 3, respectively, the resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for at least 30 days and for at least 60 days in cold weather year, as a result of which the mixture heats up, while additionally using the microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" and irrigate the mixture with a solution of the preparation in water in a ratio of 1:10, then at the same time the resulting mixture is added with superabsorbent granules by scattering over a dry field before deep plowing of the field, the moistening of the arable layer is carried out with liquid livestock runoff and whether with clean water using sprinkling equipment to the lowest moisture without destroying the soil structure, then after the formation of the crust on the surface of the earth, they loosen with disc harrows to a depth of 2-3.5 cm, leveling and rolling with smooth water-filled rollers is carried out, then the composition of varietal rape is formed by sowing seeds with a given seeding rate, while the supply of liquid effluent or clean water is carried out with an admissible sprinkling rate and a duration that provides, with deep loosening of the soil layer, the gradual absorption of liquid runoff or pure water, superabsorbent granules accumulate liquid runoff or clean water without disturbing the soil structure, followed by plant growth and seed yield formation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the undiluted preparation "Baikal EM-1" is additionally added to the liquid runoff of animal husbandry during irrigation. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation of the solution of the drug "Baikal EM-1" is carried out in drinking water.

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