CN108184358A - A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184358A CN108184358A CN201810028654.3A CN201810028654A CN108184358A CN 108184358 A CN108184358 A CN 108184358A CN 201810028654 A CN201810028654 A CN 201810028654A CN 108184358 A CN108184358 A CN 108184358A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, include the following steps：S1, salt-soda soil deep ploughing subsoiling；Level land to S2, alkali, box dam water storage soaked field, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；S3, alkali soil removal and replacement, the soil of swap-in be the special-purpose soil matrix manually allocated；Biological organic fertilizer is applied in S4, salt-soda soil；S5, bio-technology improvement salt-soda soil；S6, salt-soda soil plantation salt tolerant crops sugar grass；S7, alkaline land improving plant sweet sorghum water, fertilizer management；S8, procedure above continuously repeat 2 years, and alkaline land improving is completed after third year plants sweet sorghum.After the saline and alkaline soil of the present invention is plant sweet sorghum 2 years, soil salt content can be down to 0.125% or so by 0.3%~0.6% saline-alkali soil, and organic matter rises to 2.23% or so by 0.7%；After planting sweet sorghum 3 years, saline and alkaline soil soil salt content can be down to normal arable land level, become desalination soil, that is, alkaline land improving success.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is exactly that soil saliferous alkali number is higher as its name suggests, is not suitable for the common crops of plantation or certainly major part
Plant, the formation in salt-soda soil are related with " carbonate " too high levels in soil.The general ground temperature in salt-soda soil is lower, in order to inhibit
The accumulation of salt in the surface soil accelerates nutrient to decompose, and soil capillary can be cut off, and robs and lies prostrate the cultivated or autumn ploughing desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, efficiently controls the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, deep ploughs
The characteristics of ploughing deeply the loose arable layer of energy and poor soil texture, so being worth advocating.The distribution situation of salinity in the soil is earth's surface
Layer is more, and underground is few, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is exactly that water is poured into salt-soda soil after dissolving salinity again to discharge water.
In most of salinization soil, soil with organic matter content is low, and minerals nutrient is unbalanced, and trace element lacks
Weary, mineral element necessary to crops, forming precipitation when P in soil H values are higher is difficult to be absorbed by crops utilization, so as to cause
Corps nutrient lacks.
Farmer's proverb is said：" alkali gobbles seedling, and hypertrophy eats alkali ".Fertilizer mentioned here refers to bio-organic fertilizer, and salt-soda soil must be big
Amount uses biological organic fertilizer.Soil salinity and alkalinity can be quickly reduced under the action of biological organic fertilizer, destroys soil capillarity, resistance
Disconnected further aggregation of the salinity to earth's surface, increases organic matter and available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen content, can improve soil aggregate structure it is poor,
The defects of soil fertility is poor, soil permeability declines.It can increase the soil organism using the method for biological organic fertilizer and soil moved in improve the original to contain
Amount is the important measures for improving salt-soda soil.
The reclamation of salinep-alkali soil point three kinds of physically improved, biological modification and chemical modifying, existing saline and alkali land improvement method is to salt
The improvement on alkali ground is not thorough enough, easily occurs repeatedly, it is impossible to meet.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, provides a kind of physics and bioconjugation improvement is saline and alkaline
The effective ways on ground.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides following technical solutions：
The invention discloses a kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, include the following steps：
S1, salt-soda soil deep ploughing subsoiling；
Level land to S2, alkali, box dam water storage soaked field, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；
S3, alkali soil removal and replacement, the soil of swap-in be the special-purpose soil matrix manually allocated；
Biological organic fertilizer is applied in S4, salt-soda soil；
S5, bio-technology improvement salt-soda soil；
S6, salt-soda soil plantation salt tolerant crops sugar grass；
S7, alkaline land improving plant sweet sorghum water, fertilizer management；
S8, procedure above continuously repeat 2 years, and alkaline land improving is completed after third year plants sweet sorghum.
Further, step S1 is specifically included：The salt-soda soil plot that will be administered carries out deep ploughing subsoiling, and deep ploughing subsoiling depth is 35
~45 centimetres, take in length and breadth repeatedly deep ploughing subsoiling, it is desirable that soil reach it is fine crushing, without apparent bulk, then rake the soil level can loose table soil,
Deep ploughing subsoiling is carried out to salt-soda soil can improve the nutrient situation of soil, it is therefore an objective to salt can be allowed to be sufficiently exposed to surface and in air
In, it is deep ploughed convenient for later regulation it should be noted that dark alkali is not translated into earth's surface.
Further, step S2 is specifically included：Salt-soda soil is leveled land, and it is a basic work for improveing soil to level land
Make, Horizon can reduce surface runoff, improve and lie prostrate drench with rain salt and washing salinity by irrigation effect；It can prevent that depression from being flooded, eminence is returned simultaneously
Salt and the effective measures for eliminating salting stain；
Box dam is on the basis of leveling earth, and in soil, its effect of surrounding build Ba Geng is easy for soaked field of pouring water, and water can be made equal
It is even to be covered with ground, so as to the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect；Box dam will be built around the plot of salt-soda soil with soil, high by 30~50
Centimetre, it builds Ba Geng and has to tamp, be subject to water-tight, and water drainage ditch is dug into around field, draining and water inlet are necessary
It separates, quotes reservoir water or rainwater, phreatic water and come soaked field, dissolve the salinity in soil with water, then by gutter by salt
Divide and drain, and the separate water inlet water source of the water discharged impregnates salt-soda soil, soaking time was at 40-50 hours, discharge water to plot water storage
Water storage again afterwards by reciprocal 3 desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, is separated by 6-7 days every time, and soil salt content is remarkably decreased, and is so poured water and is washed three times back and forth
Plot is dried after salt, also a large amount of salt crystallizations are checked whether, if that next step operation can not carried out, if there is a large amount of salt
Part crystallization continues to impregnate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, until without the crystallization of a large amount of salts；
Desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season and water consumption：
First, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season：Should in abundant water, level of ground water is low, evaporation capacity is small, temperature higher season is carried out because of underground water
Position is low, and surface layer salinity elutes deep downwards during washing salinity by irrigation；Evaporation capacity is small, will not the strong accumulation of salt in the surface soil after washing；Temperature is high, then salinity
It is easy to dissolve；
1. the spring washes：The soil suned the earth which has been ploughed up by autumn ploughing, the spring wash work well can the washing salinity by irrigation immediately after soil defrosting, then soil of ploughing shallowly
It is evaporated increasingly strongly after the ground plantation salt tolerant crops spring desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, should firmly grasp and loosen the soil；
2. volt is washed：The salt-soda soil newly opened up wasteland, can before rainy season site preparation, on the basis of volt drenches with rain salt, catch abundant water, water temperature
Advantage high, temperature is high carries out the volt season desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, accelerates Soil Desalting；
3. the autumn washes：The salt-soda soil that newly-ploughed salt-soda soil or the next spring sowing of plan are planted, all can be in time of the year when autumn changes into winter washing salinity by irrigation at this moment water source ratio
It is more sufficient, level of ground water it is low, soil will be freeze-up after flushing, and soil evaporativeness is small, and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is preferable, but the autumn washes and must have
Otherwise discharge outlet can improve level of ground water because of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, cause the early spring accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
2nd, washing salinity by irrigation is poured into water in ground according to the rule of " salt is with water come salt is gone with water ", certain depth is formed on ground
Water layer, the salinity in soil is made fully to dissolve, then drain from gutter the salinity of dissolving, so as to reduce the saliferous of soil
Amount；
3rd, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption：Under normal circumstances, but if the big good water consumption smaller than water consumption of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption is excessive, then not only
It wastes water, can also cause the soil of the side effects generally based on sulfate such as level of ground water is high, soil nutrient is largely lost in can be big
A bit, the soil based on chloride can be relatively small, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 3~4 times, per acre 90~120m3 of each water consumption, total water consumption
270~360m3.
Further, step S3 is specifically included：After the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of salt-soda soil soaked field, using method, that is, soil moved in improve the original of soil removal and replacement
Alkali is pressed, the soil of special-purpose soil matrix and salt-soda soil is taped against salt by the physical property that soil moved in improve the original can improve salt-soda soil after mixing
On the ground, mixed proportion is alkali：Special-purpose soil matrix:Salt-soda soil soil=4:6, mixed thickness of soil between 25~35 centimetres,
Then using turning in length and breadth, for depth within 25~35 centimetres, salt tolerant crops can be planted by then leveling land；
The special-purpose soil matrix formulations manually allocated, in terms of mass fraction, including:The desulfurization gypsum powder 20~30 of natural air drying
Part, 10~18 parts of leonardite powder, 10~16 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of turfy soil, 10-16 parts of straw powder, moisture≤
25% 10~15 parts of vinasse, 10~15 parts of the mushroom bacteria stick of moisture≤25% of bacteria residue, 3~5 parts of boiler coal ash, sand 3
~5 parts, 3~5 parts of complex micro organism fungicide.
Further, step S4 is specifically included：When the saline and alkaline composition in salt-soda soil is after deep ploughing, the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, soil removal and replacement, salt
Alkali composition is decreased obviously, and can be selected to plant salt-tolerant plant, when planting salt-tolerant plant, be made base fertilizer using biological organic fertilizer, per acre
Apply 3~4 cubic metres of biological organic fertilizer in salt-soda soil；
Further, step S5 is specifically included：The composite microbial bacteria for the weight 3-5% for accounting for biological organic fertilizer is added in toward soil
Agent.
Further, step S6 is specifically included：Salt tolerant crops sugar grass is planted in selection can further improve soil, and sweet tea is high
Fine strain of millet can surpass normal growth on less than 10 salt-soda soil in soil salt content in 0.3~0.6%, pH value, when planting sweet sorghum, use
Biological organic fertilizer makees base fertilizer, per acre 3~4 tons of salt-soda soil organic fertilizer.
Further, step S7 is specifically included：When salt-soda soil is plant sweet sorghum, base fertilizer is made using biological organic fertilizer, base fertilizer,
Organic fertilizer 3~4 tons of dressing fertilizers in salt-soda soil spray three using biological biogas slurry fertilizer, sugar grass growth period with biological biogas slurry fertilizer per acre
Secondary, salt-soda soil sprays biological 2~3 cubic metres of biogas slurry fertilizer every time per acre；Sugar grass growth period water will pour during watering pours water, is diligent less
Dilutional hyponatremia can not disposably be poured by pouring, and form flood irrigation, unfavorable in Saline-alkali Field Control in this way.
The advantageous effect that is reached of the present invention is：
After the saline and alkaline soil of the present invention is plant sweet sorghum 2 years, soil salt content can be down to by 0.3%~0.6% saline-alkali soil
0.125% or so, organic matter rises to 2.23% or so by 0.7%；After planting sweet sorghum 3 years, saline and alkaline soil soil salt content can drop
It is horizontal to normal arable land, become desalination soil, that is, alkaline land improving success.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated below, it should be understood that preferred embodiment described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, include the following steps：
S1, salt-soda soil deep ploughing subsoiling
The salt-soda soil plot that will be administered carries out deep ploughing subsoiling, and at 35~45 centimetres, we take more in length and breadth deep ploughing subsoiling depth
Secondary deep ploughing subsoiling, it is desirable that soil reach it is fine crushing, without apparent bulk, then rake the soil level can loose table soil, it is deep that deep ploughing is carried out to salt-soda soil
Pine can improve the nutrient situation of soil, it is therefore an objective to salt can be allowed to be sufficiently exposed to surface and in air, convenient for later regulation.It is deep
It ploughs it should be noted that dark alkali is not translated into earth's surface.
S2, salt-soda soil level land, box dam water storage soaked field, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching：
Salt-soda soil is leveled land, and it is an element task for improveing soil to level land, and Horizon can reduce surface runoff, is improved
Lie prostrate drench with rain salt and washing salinity by irrigation effect；Simultaneously can prevent depression from being flooded, the eminence accumulation of salt in the surface soil and eliminate salting stain effective measures.
Box dam is on the basis of leveling earth, and in soil, surrounding builds Ba Geng.Its effect is easy for soaked field of pouring water, and can make
Water is uniformly covered with ground, so as to the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, improves desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect.
Box dam will be built around the plot of salt-soda soil with soil, about 30~50 centimetres high, is built Ba Geng and is had to tamp, with not
Subject to leak, and water drainage ditch is dug into around field, draining must be separated with water inlet, quote reservoir water or rainwater, deep-well
Water comes soaked field, is drained salinity to dissolve the salinity in soil, then by gutter with water, and the water discharged is far from water inlet water
Source.To plot water storage, salt-soda soil is impregnated, soaking time was at 40-50 hour, water storage again after discharge water, by reciprocal 3 desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching,
Be separated by 6-7 days every time, soil salt content is remarkably decreased, and so plot is dried after washing salinity by irrigation three times back and forth, is checked whether also
There are a large amount of salts to crystallize, if that next step operation can not carried out, if there is a large amount of salts crystallize, continue to impregnate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, until
Until there is no a large amount of salts crystallizations.
Desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season and water consumption：
First, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season：Should in abundant water, level of ground water is low, evaporation capacity is small, temperature higher season carries out.Because underground
Water level is low, and surface layer salinity elutes deep downwards during washing salinity by irrigation；Evaporation capacity is small, will not the strong accumulation of salt in the surface soil after washing；Temperature is high, then salt
Divide easy to dissolve.
1. the spring washes：The soil suned the earth which has been ploughed up by autumn ploughing, the spring, which washes, to work well.Can soil defrosting after washing salinity by irrigation immediately, then
Plant salt tolerant crops in shallow plowing soil.It evaporates increasingly strong after the spring desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, should firmly grasp and loosen the soil.
2. volt is washed：The salt-soda soil newly opened up wasteland, can before rainy season site preparation, on the basis of volt drenches with rain salt, catch abundant water,
The advantage that water temperature is high, temperature is high carries out the volt season desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, accelerates Soil Desalting.
3. the autumn washes：The salt-soda soil that newly-ploughed salt-soda soil or the next spring sowing of plan are planted, all can be in time of the year when autumn changes into winter washing salinity by irrigation.At this moment water
Source is more sufficient, level of ground water it is low, soil will be freeze-up after flushing, and soil evaporativeness is small, and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is preferable, but the autumn wash it is necessary
There is discharge outlet, otherwise can improve level of ground water because of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, cause the early spring accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
2nd, washing salinity by irrigation is poured into water in ground according to the rule of " salt is with water come salt is gone with water ", is formed on ground centainly
The water layer of depth makes the salinity in soil fully dissolve, then drains from gutter the salinity of dissolving, so as to reduce containing for soil
Salt amount.
3rd, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption：Under normal circumstances, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption is big smaller than water consumption good.But if water consumption is excessive, then
It not only wastes water, can also cause the side effects such as level of ground water is high, soil nutrient is largely lost in.Soil generally based on sulfate
It can be larger, the soil based on chloride can be relatively small.The general desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 3~4 times, 90~120m3 of water consumption every time per acre,
270~360m3 of total water consumption.
S3, salt-soda soil soil removal and replacement（The soil of swap-in is the special-purpose soil matrix manually allocated）
After the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of salt-soda soil soaked field, alkali is pressed using method, that is, soil moved in improve the original of soil removal and replacement, soil moved in improve the original can improve the physics in salt-soda soil
Property.The soil in special-purpose soil matrix and salt-soda soil is taped against on salt-soda soil after mixing, mixed proportion is：Special-purpose soil
Matrix:Salt-soda soil soil=4:6, then mixed thickness of soil is used and is turned in length and breadth about at 25~35 centimetres or so（Depth
Within 25~35 centimetres）, salt tolerant crops can be planted by then leveling land.
The special-purpose soil matrix formulations manually allocated:1. desulfurization gypsum powder（Desulfurated plaster is natural air drying）20~30
Part, 2. 10~18 parts of leonardite powder, 3. 10~16 parts of organic fertilizer, 4. turfy soil 15-25 parts, 5. straw powder 10-16 parts, 6. wine
Grain（Moisture≤25%）10~15 parts, 7. mushroom bacteria stick（Moisture≤25% of bacteria residue）10~15 parts, 8. boiler coal ash 3
~5 parts, 9. 3~5 parts of sand, 10. 3~5 parts of complex micro organism fungicides.
Biological organic fertilizer is applied in S4, salt-soda soil
When the saline and alkaline composition in salt-soda soil is after deep ploughing, the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, soil removal and replacement, saline and alkaline composition is decreased obviously, and can select to plant
Salt-tolerant plant plants salt-tolerant plant（For example it plants sweet sorghum）When, base fertilizer is made using biological organic fertilizer, biology is applied in salt-soda soil per acre
3~4 cubic metres of organic fertilizer.
The effect of biological organic fertilizer：
1st, the humus of soil can be increased by applying biological organic fertilizer, be conducive to the formation of crumb structure, improve ventilating, thoroughly for salt-soda soil
Water and nutrient situation, increase the organic matter in soil, and the organic acid generated after organic matter decomposition can also neutralize the alkali in salt-soda soil.
2nd, after using bio-organic fertilizer, salinity and pH value in alkaline land soil can be effectively reduced, is increased water-disintegrable
Nitrogen content and the content of organic matter mitigate the saline and alkaline harm to crops, promote soil-ripening.
3rd, after using bio-organic fertilizer, mda content significantly reduces in serike, and resistance has obtained very big
It improves.
4th, after using bio-organic fertilizer, crops is made to obtain full nutrition in entire growth and development process, are improved
The chemical property of soil and the physiological property of serike, improve crop survival rate and storage rate.
S5, bio-technology improvement salt-soda soil
3-5% is added in toward soil（Account for the weight of biological organic fertilizer）Complex micro organism fungicide increases soil beneficial microbe colony,
Complex micro organism fungicide contains the multiple beneficials such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis activity
Bacterium, beneficial activity bacterium are largely proliferated in the soil, by competing the Reproduction suppression of harmful bacteria such as mould, salmonella etc., and
Various harmful parasites ovum, such as line eggs are killed by secreting bacteria element etc., effectively inhibit pathogen, eliminate soil miscellaneous bacteria,
Prevent various pest and disease damages, promote photosynthesis, enhance soil fertility, promote crop root system flourishing, be more advantageous to salt-soda soil and change
It is good.Release small molecule organic material is secreted during beneficial bacterium amount reproduction, by being combined with nutrient in soil for crops
It being absorbed and utilized, while activates organic matter, the more, profitable strain microorganism is more for the organic matter in soil, and soil productivity is better, this
Sample salt-soda soil can just be modified to standard arable land early.
Use the points for attention of complex micro organism fungicide：
1st, the breeding of complex micro organism fungicide needs to rely on organic nutrient, therefore must be with biology during supplement complex micro organism fungicide
Organic fertilizer uses application with or directly applies complex micro organism fungicide.
2nd, complex micro organism fungicide can not be with sterilization, suppression becteriums product with using, and pesticide, disinfectant etc. also can be in various degree
Composite microbial bacteria is killed, therefore can not be mixed with these products.
3rd, the soil environment in salt-soda soil can be such that complex micro organism fungicide quantity in soil drastically reduces, and appropriate supplement addition is multiple
Microbial bacterial agent is closed, to ensure alkaline land improving effect.
S6, salt-soda soil plantation salt tolerant crops sugar grass
Salt tolerant crops sugar grass is planted in selection can further improve soil, sugar grass can soil salt content 0.3~0.6%,
PH value surpasses normal growth on less than 10 salt-soda soil（Using the sugar grass planting technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences Xie Qi researcher）.Plantation
During sugar grass, base fertilizer is made using biological organic fertilizer（It needs to add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements by sugar grass growth, that is, surveys
Native formula fertilizer is applied）, 3~4 tons of salt-soda soil organic fertilizer per acre.
Explanation：After saline and alkaline soil is plant sweet sorghum 2 years, soil salt content can be down to by 0.3%~0.6% saline-alkali soil
0.125% or so, organic matter rises to 2.23% or so by 0.7%.
After planting sweet sorghum 3 years, saline and alkaline soil soil salt content can be down to normal arable land level, become desalination soil, also
It is alkaline land improving success.
S7, alkaline land improving plant sweet sorghum water, fertilizer management
When salt-soda soil is plant sweet sorghum, base fertilizer, base fertilizer are done using biological organic fertilizer（It needs to add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by sugar grass growth
And various trace elements, i.e. fertilization compositions based on earth measurement）, 3~4 tons of salt-soda soil organic fertilizer per acre.Dressing fertilizer is using biological biogas slurry fertilizer
（It needs to add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, i.e. rational application of fertilizers by sugar grass growth in biogas slurry fertilizer）, sugar grass growth period
It is sprayed three times with biological biogas slurry fertilizer, salt-soda soil sprays biological 2~3 cubic metres of biogas slurry fertilizer every time per acre.
Sugar grass growth period water will be poured during watering pours water, diligent be poured less.Dilutional hyponatremia can not be disposably poured, flood irrigation is formed, in this way in salt
It is unfavorable to administer to alkali.
S8, procedure above continuously repeat 2 years, and alkaline land improving is basically completed after third year plants sweet sorghum, and soil reaches
National basic arable land standard.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify to the technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments or carry out equivalent replacement to which part technical characteristic.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, salt-soda soil deep ploughing subsoiling；
Level land to S2, alkali, box dam water storage soaked field, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching；
S3, alkali soil removal and replacement, the soil of swap-in be the special-purpose soil matrix manually allocated；
Biological organic fertilizer is applied in S4, salt-soda soil；
S5, bio-technology improvement salt-soda soil；
S6, salt-soda soil plantation salt tolerant crops sugar grass；
S7, alkaline land improving plant sweet sorghum water, fertilizer management；
S8, procedure above continuously repeat 2 years, and alkaline land improving is completed after third year plants sweet sorghum.
2. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S1 is specifically included：The salt-soda soil plot that will be administered carries out deep ploughing subsoiling, and deep ploughing subsoiling depth is taken vertical at 35~45 centimetres
Horizontal repeatedly deep ploughing subsoiling, it is desirable that soil reach it is fine crushing, without apparent bulk, then rake the soil level can loose table soil, salt-soda soil is carried out deep
Tilling depth pine can improve the nutrient situation of soil, it is therefore an objective to salt can be allowed to be sufficiently exposed to surface and in air, control convenient for the later stage
Dark alkali it should be noted that do not translated into earth's surface by reason deep ploughing.
3. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S2 is specifically included：Salt-soda soil is leveled land, and it is an element task for improveing soil to level land, and Horizon can reduce ground
Runoff improves and lies prostrate drench with rain salt and washing salinity by irrigation effect；It can prevent the depression from being flooded simultaneously, the eminence accumulation of salt in the surface soil and eliminate salting stain and have
Effect measure；
Box dam is on the basis of leveling earth, and in soil, its effect of surrounding build Ba Geng is easy for soaked field of pouring water, and water can be made equal
It is even to be covered with ground, so as to the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect；Box dam will be built around the plot of salt-soda soil with soil, high by 30~50
Centimetre, it builds Ba Geng and has to tamp, be subject to water-tight, and water drainage ditch is dug into around field, draining and water inlet are necessary
It separates, quotes reservoir water or rainwater, phreatic water and come soaked field, dissolve the salinity in soil with water, then by gutter by salt
Divide and drain, and the separate water inlet water source of the water discharged impregnates salt-soda soil, soaking time was at 40-50 hours, discharge water to plot water storage
Water storage again afterwards by reciprocal 3 desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, is separated by 6-7 days every time, and soil salt content is remarkably decreased, and is so poured water and is washed three times back and forth
Plot is dried after salt, also a large amount of salt crystallizations are checked whether, if that next step operation can not carried out, if there is a large amount of salt
Part crystallization continues to impregnate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, until without the crystallization of a large amount of salts；
Desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season and water consumption：
First, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching season：Should in abundant water, level of ground water is low, evaporation capacity is small, temperature higher season is carried out because of underground water
Position is low, and surface layer salinity elutes deep downwards during washing salinity by irrigation；Evaporation capacity is small, will not the strong accumulation of salt in the surface soil after washing；Temperature is high, then salinity
It is easy to dissolve；
1. the spring washes：The soil suned the earth which has been ploughed up by autumn ploughing, the spring wash work well can the washing salinity by irrigation immediately after soil defrosting, then soil of ploughing shallowly
It is evaporated increasingly strongly after the ground plantation salt tolerant crops spring desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, should firmly grasp and loosen the soil；
2. volt is washed：The salt-soda soil newly opened up wasteland, can before rainy season site preparation, on the basis of volt drenches with rain salt, catch abundant water, water temperature
Advantage high, temperature is high carries out the volt season desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, accelerates Soil Desalting；
3. the autumn washes：The salt-soda soil that newly-ploughed salt-soda soil or the next spring sowing of plan are planted, all can be in time of the year when autumn changes into winter washing salinity by irrigation at this moment water source ratio
It is more sufficient, level of ground water it is low, soil will be freeze-up after flushing, and soil evaporativeness is small, and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is preferable, but the autumn washes and must have
Otherwise discharge outlet can improve level of ground water because of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, cause the early spring accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
2nd, washing salinity by irrigation is poured into water in ground according to the rule of " salt is with water come salt is gone with water ", certain depth is formed on ground
Water layer, the salinity in soil is made fully to dissolve, then drain from gutter the salinity of dissolving, so as to reduce the saliferous of soil
Amount；
3rd, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption：Under normal circumstances, but if the big good water consumption smaller than water consumption of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water consumption is excessive, then not only
It wastes water, can also cause the soil of the side effects generally based on sulfate such as level of ground water is high, soil nutrient is largely lost in can be big
A bit, the soil based on chloride can be relatively small, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 3~4 times, per acre 90~120m3 of each water consumption, total water consumption
270~360m3.
4. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S3 is specifically included：After the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of salt-soda soil soaked field, alkali is pressed using method, that is, soil moved in improve the original of soil removal and replacement, soil moved in improve the original can improve saline and alkaline
The physical property on ground is after mixing taped against the soil in special-purpose soil matrix and salt-soda soil on salt-soda soil, and mixed proportion is：
Special-purpose soil matrix:Salt-soda soil soil=4:6, then mixed thickness of soil is used and is turned in length and breadth between 25~35 centimetres,
For depth within 25~35 centimetres, salt tolerant crops can be planted by then leveling land；
The special-purpose soil matrix formulations manually allocated, in terms of mass fraction, including:The desulfurization gypsum powder 20~30 of natural air drying
Part, 10~18 parts of leonardite powder, 10~16 parts of organic fertilizer, 15-25 parts of turfy soil, 10-16 parts of straw powder, moisture≤
25% 10~15 parts of vinasse, 10~15 parts of the mushroom bacteria stick of moisture≤25% of bacteria residue, 3~5 parts of boiler coal ash, sand 3
~5 parts, 3~5 parts of complex micro organism fungicide.
5. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S4 is specifically included：When the saline and alkaline composition in salt-soda soil is after deep ploughing, the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, soil removal and replacement, saline and alkaline composition is decreased obviously, can be with
Salt-tolerant plant is planted in selection, when planting salt-tolerant plant, makees base fertilizer using biological organic fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer 3 is applied in salt-soda soil per acre
~4 cubic metres.
6. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S5 is specifically included：The complex micro organism fungicide for the weight 3-5% for accounting for biological organic fertilizer is added in toward soil.
7. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S6 is specifically included：Salt tolerant crops sugar grass is planted in selection can further improve soil, and sugar grass can exist in soil salt content
0.3~0.6%, pH value surpasses normal growth on less than 10 salt-soda soil, when planting sweet sorghum, makees base fertilizer using biological organic fertilizer, often
3~4 tons of mu salt-soda soil organic fertilizer.
8. a kind of physics according to claim 1 and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that step
Rapid S7 is specifically included：When salt-soda soil is plant sweet sorghum, base fertilizer is made using biological organic fertilizer, base fertilizer, salt-soda soil organic fertilizer 3 per acre
~4 tons of dressing fertilizers are sprayed three times using biological biogas slurry fertilizer, sugar grass growth period with biological biogas slurry fertilizer, and salt-soda soil sprays every time per acre
Biological 2~3 cubic metres of biogas slurry fertilizer；Sugar grass growth period water, will pour during watering pours water, diligent pour can not disposably pour dilutional hyponatremia less,
Flood irrigation is formed, it is unfavorable in Saline-alkali Field Control in this way.
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