CN111034561A - Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111034561A
CN111034561A CN201911266364.3A CN201911266364A CN111034561A CN 111034561 A CN111034561 A CN 111034561A CN 201911266364 A CN201911266364 A CN 201911266364A CN 111034561 A CN111034561 A CN 111034561A
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China
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rice
soil
seedling
saline
fertilizer
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CN201911266364.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王惠
张立山
刘林
裴凡龙
孟兆良
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Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
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Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil rice planting. In the seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied to the seedling bed; deep ditches are excavated around the seedling bed, so that the soil salinity is reduced; the method for raising the seedlings can effectively reduce the salt content of the seedling bed, improve the emergence rate of the rice, play a role in strengthening the seedlings and lay a foundation for the growth of the transplanted rice.

Description

Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil rice planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for rice planted in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The area of the saline-alkali soil is wide in the world, and according to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain farming organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil is 9.5 hundred million hectares all over the world, wherein China is close to 1 hundred million hectares, namely 15 hundred million acres. Wherein, 2.8 hundred million mu saline-alkali soil is in urgent need of transformation, and 1.4 hundred million mu of the 2.8 hundred million mu salinized land is within 18 hundred million mu of cultivated land red line, and the rest 1.4 hundred million mu is the unused land defined by the ministry of land resources. With the increase of urban area, the cultivated land area is continuously reduced, and the population is continuously increased, so that people face the serious challenge of food.
The saline-alkali soil has poor natural conditions and high salinity content, so that the saline-alkali soil can be suitable for few crops growing in the saline-alkali soil. Rice is the main food crop in China, and rice is staple food for people with nearly 2/3 nationwide population. The rice cultivation area accounts for 1/3 of the grain planting area, but the yield accounts for about 40 percent of the total grain yield. Therefore, the rice production has extremely important significance in the aspect of guaranteeing the safe supply of food in China. The research proves that the saline-alkali tolerant rice has certain saline-alkali tolerant capacity, can effectively reduce the saline-alkali degree of soil and achieves the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil is poor in soil fertility, low in organic matter content and poor in soil aggregate structure, and people can improve the soil fertility and increase the rice yield through blind fertilization.
The rice seedling raising is an important step in the rice planting process, and how to make the rice seedling raising work under the condition of saline-alkali soil becomes the key point for guaranteeing the rice planting in the saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the research on the rice seedling raising technology in the saline-alkali soil is particularly necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method suitable for saline-alkali soil rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a seedling raising method for saline-alkali soil rice mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying herbicide 15-20 days before seeding to eliminate all weeds in the seedling bed;
(2) digging a ditch with the depth of 90-100cm around the seedling bed, wherein the width of the ditch surface is 50-60 cm; the deep ditches are dug to enable salt to be leached to the deep layer of the soil and taken away along with the drainage ditches; the underground water level can be reduced, and the salt content of surface soil is reduced;
(3) applying 800-1000kg of biological organic fertilizer, 25-30kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 50-60kg of soil conditioner to each mu of seedling bed;
the bio-organic fertilizer in the step (3) is decomposed pig manure (85% of pig manure and 15% of rice straw).
The compound fertilizer in the step (3) is a ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K15-15-15).
The soil conditioner in the step (3) is prepared from 25-30% of desulfurized gypsum powder, 15-20% of vinasse, 20-25% of humic acid, 20-25% of turfy soil and phosphate (calcium hydrophosphate Ca (H)2PO4)2)5-10%)。
(4) After applying the fertilizer, ploughing the soil to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil conditioner, wherein the ploughing depth is 0-25cm, and irrigating until the soil is saturated after ploughing, and the water depth is 3-5 cm;
(5) performing film enclosing along the rice seedling bed, selecting 120-plus-130 cm bamboo poles, inserting one bamboo pole every two meters, fixing the clinker film with the width of 1 meter on the bamboo poles along the circumference of the rice seedling bed, and fixing the clinker film with soil below to ensure that no gap exists;
(6) making seedling beds one day before sowing, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.2-1.5m, the moisture on the seedling beds is not too much, and a distance of 25-30cm is reserved between the seedling beds;
(7) the seeding density is not too high, the seeding amount per square meter is 180-200g, the seeds are pressed by a flat plate, the depth is not too deep, so that the seeds do not sprout, and the seeds are not exposed on the ground surface;
(8) irrigating the rice for the first time after the rice is subjected to needle setting until the rice completely submerges a seedling bed, and the rice should not be too deep;
(9) applying the fertilizer to two leaves and one heart, selecting 3-4kg of urea per mu, and ensuring the field water depth to be 2-3 cm;
(10) transplanting until the rice seedling has three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method to raise the rice seedlings, the salt content of the rice seedling bed can be effectively reduced, the emergence rate of the rice is improved, the effect of strengthening the rice seedlings is achieved, and a foundation is laid for the growth of the transplanted rice.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
The first embodiment is as follows:
and (3) performing rice seedling raising on a seedling bed with the salt content of 3.4 per mill in the Binzhou saline-alkali soil, wherein the rice seedling material is Yanfeng 47.
Each experimental group repeatedly sown two seedling beds, each seedling bed is 1.5m wide, and the seedling bed is 10m long; the control group and the experimental group were set in agreement. 3 days before sowing, performing operations of seed drying, seed soaking, disinfection, germination acceleration and the like; spraying herbicide 18 days before sowing to remove all weeds in the seedling bed; the experimental group digs a ditch with the depth of 95cm around the seedling bed, and the width of the ditch surface is 50 cm; 800 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer (pig manure 85 percent and rice straw 15 percent), 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K15-15-15), 30 kg/mu of soil conditioner (desulfurized gypsum powder, 15 percent of vinasse, 25 percent of humic acid, 25 percent of turfy soil and phosphate (calcium hydrophosphate Ca (H), Ca and the like) are applied to the rice field2PO4)2) 5%) 60 kg/mu. After the application is finished, ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil conditioner, wherein the ploughing depth is 0-25cm, and irrigating until the soil is saturated and the water depth is 4cm after ploughing; performing film enclosing along the rice seedling bed, selecting 125cm bamboo poles, inserting one bamboo pole every two meters, using a clinker film with the width of 1 meter to surround the rice seedling bed for a circle, fixing the bamboo poles, and fixing the lower surface of the bamboo poles by soil to ensure that no gap exists; making seedling beds one day before sowing, wherein the moisture on the seedling beds is not too much, and a distance of 30cm is reserved between the seedling beds; the seeding density is not too high, the seeding amount per square meter is 180g, and the seeds are pressed by a flat plate not to be too deep so as not to sprout and not to be exposed on the ground surface. Irrigating the rice for the first time after the rice is subjected to needle setting until the rice completely submerges a seedling bed, and the rice should not be too deep; when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, applying a fertilizer, selecting 3-4kg of urea per mu, and ensuring the field water depth to be 2-3 cm; transplanting until the rice seedling has three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart.
No ditching treatment is carried out on the periphery of the seedling bed of the control group, 800 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer (pig manure 85 percent and rice straw 15 percent) and 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K15-15-15) are only applied to the seedling bed, and the operation after fertilization is consistent with that of the experimental group.
With the following test results:
TABLE 1 Experimental data record Table
Name (R) Time of emergence (day) Rate of emergence (%) Three leaves one heart time (heaven) Three leaf one core rice seedling height (cm)
Experimental group 5 83.8 26 16.3
Control group 6 67.4 29 15.1
Through comparison of various data, the mode of ditching and salt discharging of a seedling bed and application of a soil conditioner is superior to the mode of conventional seedling raising of a control group in seedling raising.
Example two:
rice seedlings are raised in rice seedling beds with the salt content of the Binzhou saline-alkali soil of about 3.1 per mill, and the rice seedlings are planted with the materials of spike and round-grained rice 18.
Each experimental group repeatedly sown two seedling beds, each seedling bed is 1.5m wide, and the seedling bed is 10m long; control group and test groupThe settings are consistent. 3 days before sowing, performing operations of seed drying, seed soaking, disinfection, germination acceleration and the like; spraying herbicide 18 days before sowing to remove all weeds in the seedling bed; the experimental group digs a ditch with the depth of 95cm around the seedling bed, and the width of the ditch surface is 50 cm; 1000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer (pig manure 85 percent and rice straw 15 percent), 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K15-15-15), 25 percent of soil conditioner (desulfurized gypsum powder, 20 percent of vinasse, 25 percent of humic acid, 20 percent of turfy soil and phosphate (calcium hydrophosphate Ca (H) for rice field application2PO4)2) 10%) 55 kg/mu; after applying the fertilizer, ploughing the soil to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil conditioner, wherein the ploughing depth is 0-25cm, and irrigating until the soil is saturated and the water depth is 4cm after ploughing; performing film enclosing along the rice seedling bed, selecting 125cm bamboo poles, inserting one bamboo pole every two meters, using a clinker film with the width of 1 meter to surround the rice seedling bed for a circle, fixing the bamboo poles, and fixing the lower surface of the bamboo poles by soil to ensure that no gap exists; making seedling beds one day before sowing, wherein the moisture on the seedling beds is not too much, and a distance of 30cm is reserved between the seedling beds; the seeding density is not too high, the seeding amount per square meter is 200g, and the seeds are pressed by a flat plate not to be too deep to sprout and not to be exposed on the ground surface. Irrigating the rice for the first time after the rice is subjected to needle setting until the rice completely submerges a seedling bed, and the rice should not be too deep; when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, applying a fertilizer, selecting 3-4kg of urea per mu, and ensuring the field water depth to be 2-3 cm; transplanting until the rice seedling has three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart.
No ditching treatment is carried out on the periphery of the seedling bed of the control group, the seedling bed is only applied with 1000 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer (pig manure 85 percent and rice straw 15 percent) and 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer (N-P-K15-15-15 percent), and the operation after fertilization is consistent with that of the experimental group.
With the following test results:
TABLE 2 Experimental data record table
Name (R) Time of emergence (day) Rate of emergence (%) Three leaves one heart time (heaven) Three leaf one core rice seedling height (cm)
Experimental group 5 87.2 25 17.0
Control group 6 76.4 28 15.7
Through comparison of various data, the mode of ditching and salt discharging of a seedling bed and application of a soil conditioner is superior to the mode of conventional seedling raising of a control group in seedling raising.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying herbicide 15-20 days before seeding to eliminate all weeds in the seedling bed;
(2) digging a ditch with the depth of 90-100cm around the seedling bed, wherein the width of the ditch surface is 50-60 cm;
(3) applying 800-1000kg of organic fertilizer, 25-30kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 50-60kg of soil conditioner to each mu of rice field;
(4) after applying the fertilizer, ploughing the soil to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil conditioner, wherein the ploughing depth is 0-25cm, and irrigating until the soil is saturated after ploughing, and the water depth is 3-5 cm;
(5) performing film enclosing along the rice seedling bed, selecting 120-plus-130 cm bamboo poles, inserting one bamboo pole every two meters, fixing the clinker film with the width of 1 meter on the bamboo poles along the circumference of the rice seedling bed, and fixing the clinker film with soil below to ensure that no gap exists;
(6) making seedling beds one day before sowing, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.2-1.5m, and a distance of 25-30cm is reserved between the seedling beds;
(7) sowing is carried out according to the sowing quantity of 180-200g per square meter, and the sowing depth is based on that the seeds just do not expose out of the soil;
(8) irrigating the rice for the first time after the rice is subjected to needle setting until the rice completely submerges a seedling bed, and the rice should not be too deep;
(9) the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, and the seedlings are applied with the fertilizer to ensure that the field water depth is 2-3 cm;
(10) transplanting until the rice seedling has three leaves and one heart or four leaves and one heart.
2. The rice seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner in the step (3) is a prepared soil conditioner which comprises the following specific components: 25-30% of desulfurized gypsum powder, 15-20% of vinasse, 20-25% of humic acid, 20-25% of turfy soil and phosphate (calcium hydrogen phosphate Ca (H)2PO4)2)5-10%。
3. The rice seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2,
the organic fertilizer in the step (3) is biological organic fertilizer decomposed pig manure;
the fertilizer fed in the step (9) is 3-4 kg/mu of urea.
CN201911266364.3A 2019-12-11 2019-12-11 Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil Pending CN111034561A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111418462A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-07-17 江西省农业技术推广总站 Japonica rice planting method
CN111955298A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-20 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Crop rotation planting method for rice and winter wheat in saline-alkali soil
CN112021104A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-04 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing
CN112119849A (en) * 2020-10-30 2020-12-25 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil by adopting dry transplanting mode
CN112210385A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-01-12 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Soil directional conditioner suitable for planting sweet sorghum in coastal saline-alkali soil and application thereof

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111418462A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-07-17 江西省农业技术推广总站 Japonica rice planting method
CN111955298A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-20 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Crop rotation planting method for rice and winter wheat in saline-alkali soil
CN112021104A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-04 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing
CN112119849A (en) * 2020-10-30 2020-12-25 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil by adopting dry transplanting mode
CN112210385A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-01-12 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Soil directional conditioner suitable for planting sweet sorghum in coastal saline-alkali soil and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200421