CN106376407A - Energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN106376407A CN106376407A CN201610790911.8A CN201610790911A CN106376407A CN 106376407 A CN106376407 A CN 106376407A CN 201610790911 A CN201610790911 A CN 201610790911A CN 106376407 A CN106376407 A CN 106376407A
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in a saline and alkaline land. The energy-saving planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) digging a drainage ditch before sowing seeds, namely digging one circle of deep groove at the periphery of a rice seedling bed, and carrying out water-saving cultivation on the paddy rice at different periods, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises: 1) in a regeneration period, controlling the thickness of a water layer to be 3cm to 4cm, and keeping the water layer with the thickness of 3cm to 4cm from the regeneration period to a tillering initial period; 2) at a tillering period, controlling the thickness of the water layer to be 1.5cm and keeping the water layer with the thickness of 1.5cm from the tillering initial period to a booting period; 3) at a heading period, maintaining the thickness of the water layer to be 3cm and maintaining the thickness of the water layer to be 3cm at the heading period; 4) at a filling period, filling shallow water for one time by adopting a dry-wet manner irrigation manner which takes a wet manner as a main part, naturally watering for 3 to 4 days and wetting for 3 to 4 days; and adding new water, wherein irrigation is delayed for one day when being compared with conventional paddy rice planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, more particularly, to a kind of rice in saline-alkali field water-saving planting method.
Background technology
Chinese inland Saline-Sodic ground area has occupied third place in the world, wherein West of Songnen Plain Saline-Sodic ground area just
Reach 373hm2.Soda alkaline land soil be in strong basicity react, salt be grouped in based on soda (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3), soil
Earth characteristic is different from strand neutrality solonchak, more than pH more than 8.5, heavy salinized ground soil pH>9.5, saturation extract electrical conductivity
ECe>10dS/m, sodium matter basicity ESP>50%.In severe Saline-Sodic area, the saline-alkali wasteland distribution having sheet is it is impossible to plant
Plant the paddy rice of not Salt And Alkali Tolerance.In West of Songnen Plain Saline-Sodic area, traditional Rice Cropping is to be planted in the way of flat work.
This planting patterns has in subject matter present on severe soda alkaline land：
1st, soil salt is spatially evenly distributed, and saline and alkaline degree is high, to each growth and development stage after rice transplanting
All by the Saline Alkali Stress of high intensity；
2nd, the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching needs substantial amounts of irrigation water, the local desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, locally evaporates brine；
3rd, put down and be chronically at waterflooding anaerobic environment as paddy rice, be unfavorable for rice tillering and grow；
4th, heavy salinized ground permeability is poor, and flat to make ground temperature under long-term waterflooding low.
Content of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil, solves soda alkaline land
The low problem of area's Rice Cropping survival rate.
The open rice ridge culture salt-avoiding water-saving planting method of severe soda saline-alkali soil technical solution of the present invention, including following
Step：
(1) prior to seeding drainage trenching it is simply that digging a circle zanjon around rice seedling bed, the width of discharge conduit should be 0.7
More than rice, depth will reach 0.8 meter to 1.2 meters, and it is so deep why gutter is dug, and one is for timely thoroughly draining,
Can drain then as gutter, two is for lowering of watertable, prevents salt a part of salinity leaching to soil bottom
Alkali is trapped in arable layer；
(2) fertilising site preparation, 2000 to 2500 kilograms of every mu of seedling field organic fertilizer, rice seedling bed composite fertilizer special 25 to 30
Kilogram, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice seedling bed, the pteridophyte 150-210kg/ mu of fermentation, ardealite 200-280kg/ mu, ammonium chloride
50-70kg/ mu, and using rotary cultivator by the farmland being exposed to the sun rotary tillage, so that the modifying agent of administration and soil is sufficiently mixed, tilling depth 10
More than centimetre, water and so that soil is soaked enough, so that soil is fermented, react 7-10 days；
(3) apply agricultural chemicals in salt-soda soil, using solar exposure farmland 3 days, sufficiently to kill the evil being applied agricultural chemicals
Worm, grass crop；Salt-soda soil seedling needs the planting type using zanjon high bed；
(4) salt-soda soil seedling, the density of rice growing can not be too big, and every square metre to broadcast sowing 200 grams of seeds just permissible, adopts
Be conducive to nurturing staff with the mode of this light seeding, when sowing, premature rice is uniform, after sowing, pressing gently is planted
Son, makes seed be absorbed in the mud on top layer, this process also referred to as steps on paddy, steps on paddy and can play the warming antifreeze, work of drought resisting erosion control
With also playing the effect promoting rice shoot to take root, next, being stitched in the standardized bar of seedling bedside edge 10 centimeters with spade, using simultaneously
To be compacted mulch film, overlay film on moistening rice seedling bed, it is possible to increase ground temperature moreover it is possible to increase rice seedling bed in humidity,
(5) different times are divided to carry out water-saving culture, concrete grammar to paddy rice：
1) in period of seedling establishment, water layer is controlled to keep 3～4cm water layer before 3-4cm, period of seedling establishment to early tillering stage；
2) when tillering stage, control water layer in 1.5cm, early tillering stage to boot stage keeps 1.5cm water layer；
3) when heading stage, maintain water layer in 3cm, heading stage maintains 3cm water layer；
4) wet using dry dry and wet in the watery stage, based on wet irrigation method, that is, fill a shallow water, naturally pour within 3-4 days dry,
Moistening 3-4 days, upper new water, extend than conventional rice plantation and pour water for one day.
Fermentation pteridophyte described in step (2) obtains by the following method：It is cut into 2-4cm length by plucking to pteridophyte,
It is put in fermentation vat, put into the maceration extract stack retting being inoculated with cellulolytic enzyme, maceration extract submergence in pond, stirred one every 4 days
Secondary, after 30～40 days, pteridophyte is cleared, dry, pulverize, obtain the pteridophyte of fermentation.
The positive effect of the present invention is：Ridge waist position pH value and EC using severe Saline-Sodic area are minimum spies
Point, ridge waist position rice transplanting, hide the murder by poisoning to rice root for the salinity, create the environment of suitable paddy rice normal growth.Solution
Severe of having determined soda alkaline land Rice Cropping survival rate is low, and growth is by the problem of saline and alkaline suppression etc..There is advantage of lower cost, subtract
Rake the soil level less measure, improved soil, increase ground temperature, expand effective cultivated area, increase rice yield significance.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) prior to seeding drainage trenching it is simply that digging a circle zanjon around rice seedling bed, the width of discharge conduit should be 0.7
More than rice, depth will reach 0.8 meter to 1.2 meters, and it is so deep why gutter is dug, and one is for timely thoroughly draining,
Can drain then as gutter, two is for lowering of watertable, prevents salt a part of salinity leaching to soil bottom
Alkali is trapped in arable layer；
(2) fertilising site preparation, 2000 to 2500 kilograms of every mu of seedling field organic fertilizer, rice seedling bed composite fertilizer special 25 to 30
Kilogram, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice seedling bed, the pteridophyte 150-210kg/ mu of fermentation, ardealite 200-280kg/ mu, ammonium chloride
50-70kg/ mu, and using rotary cultivator by the farmland being exposed to the sun rotary tillage, so that the modifying agent of administration and soil is sufficiently mixed, tilling depth 10
More than centimetre, water and so that soil is soaked enough, so that soil is fermented, react 7-10 days；
(3) apply agricultural chemicals in salt-soda soil, using solar exposure farmland 3 days, sufficiently to kill the evil being applied agricultural chemicals
Worm, grass crop；Salt-soda soil seedling needs the planting type using zanjon high bed；
(4) salt-soda soil seedling, the density of rice growing can not be too big, and every square metre to broadcast sowing 200 grams of seeds just permissible, adopts
Be conducive to nurturing staff with the mode of this light seeding, when sowing, premature rice is uniform, after sowing, pressing gently is planted
Son, makes seed be absorbed in the mud on top layer, this process also referred to as steps on paddy, steps on paddy and can play the warming antifreeze, work of drought resisting erosion control
With also playing the effect promoting rice shoot to take root, next, being stitched in the standardized bar of seedling bedside edge 10 centimeters with spade, using simultaneously
To be compacted mulch film, overlay film on moistening rice seedling bed, it is possible to increase ground temperature moreover it is possible to increase rice seedling bed in humidity,
(5) different times are divided to carry out water-saving culture, concrete grammar to paddy rice：
1) in period of seedling establishment, water layer is controlled to keep 3～4cm water layer before 3-4cm, period of seedling establishment to early tillering stage；
2) when tillering stage, control water layer in 1.5cm, early tillering stage to boot stage keeps 1.5cm water layer；
3) when heading stage, maintain water layer in 3cm, heading stage maintains 3cm water layer；
4) wet using dry dry and wet in the watery stage, based on wet irrigation method, that is, fill a shallow water, naturally pour within 3-4 days dry,
Moistening 3-4 days, upper new water, extend than conventional rice plantation and pour water for one day.
Fermentation pteridophyte described in step (2) obtains by the following method：It is cut into 2-4cm length by plucking to pteridophyte,
It is put in fermentation vat, put into the maceration extract stack retting being inoculated with cellulolytic enzyme, maceration extract submergence in pond, stirred one every 4 days
Secondary, after 30～40 days, pteridophyte is cleared, dry, pulverize, obtain the pteridophyte of fermentation.
Ridge culture paddy rice of the present invention is 9.5<pH<10.5th, electrical conductivity 15<ECe<Carry out on the severe soda alkaline land of 20dS/m
Ridge culture rice test, experimental plot totally 3, each plot area is 200m2.Time and place：On May 20th, 2011, in
On the Saline-Sodic grassy marshland of the ecological experiment station in institute of section big peace alkali ground.Test procedure is through adding desulfurated plaster, applying farm manure, turn over
Ground, build the cultivating treatment such as ridge, soaked field and draining, rice transplanting.
Paddy rice survival rate, tillering capacity and yield through investigating different growth phases find, ridge culture rice seedling
Survival rate has exceeded 91%, and, more than 93%, ripe harvest time yield is in 9500kg/hm2～10500kg/hm2 for tillering capacity.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of rice in saline-alkali field water-saving planting method is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) prior to seeding drainage trenching it is simply that digging a circle zanjon around rice seedling bed, the width of discharge conduit should 0.7 meter with
On, depth will reach 0.8 meter to 1.2 meters, and it is so deep why gutter is dug, and one is for timely thoroughly draining, permissible
A part of salinity leaching to soil bottom, drain then as gutter, two is for lowering of watertable, prevent saline and alkaline stagnant
Stay arable layer；
(2) fertilising site preparation, 2000 to 2500 kilograms of every mu of seedling field organic fertilizer, rice seedling bed composite fertilizer special 25 to 30 thousand
Gram, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice seedling bed, the pteridophyte 150-210kg/ mu of fermentation, ardealite 200-280kg/ mu, ammonium chloride 50-
70kg/ mu, and using rotary cultivator by the farmland being exposed to the sun rotary tillage, so that the modifying agent of administration and soil is sufficiently mixed, 10 lis of tilling depth
More than rice, water and so that soil is soaked enough, so that soil is fermented, react 7-10 days；
(3) apply agricultural chemicals in salt-soda soil, using solar exposure farmland 3 days, sufficiently to kill the insect being applied agricultural chemicals, grass
Class crop；Salt-soda soil seedling needs the planting type using zanjon high bed；
(4) salt-soda soil seedling, the density of rice growing can not be too big, and every square metre to broadcast sowing 200 grams of seeds just permissible, adopts this
The mode of kind of light seeding is conducive to nurturing staff, when sowing, premature rice will uniformly, after sowing, gently press seed, make
Seed is absorbed in the mud on top layer, and this process also referred to as steps on paddy, steps on paddy and can play the warming antifreeze, effect of drought resisting erosion control, with
When also can play and promote the effect taken root of rice shoot, next, with spade in seedling bedside edge 10 centimeters standardized bar seam, for being compacted
Mulch film, overlay film on moistening rice seedling bed, it is possible to increase ground temperature moreover it is possible to increase rice seedling bed in humidity,
(5) different times are divided to carry out water-saving culture, concrete grammar to paddy rice：
1) in period of seedling establishment, water layer is controlled to keep 3～4cm water layer before 3-4cm, period of seedling establishment to early tillering stage；
2) when tillering stage, control water layer in 1.5cm, early tillering stage to boot stage keeps 1.5cm water layer；
3) when heading stage, maintain water layer in 3cm, heading stage maintains 3cm water layer；
4) wet using dry dry and wet in the watery stage, based on wet irrigation method, that is, fill a shallow water, naturally pour within 3-4 days dry, moisten
3-4 days, upper new water, extend than conventional rice plantation and pour water for one day.
2. rice in saline-alkali field water-saving planting method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Fermentation described in step (2)
Pteridophyte obtains by the following method：It is cut into 2-4cm length by plucking to pteridophyte, be put in fermentation vat, in pond, put into inoculation
There are the maceration extract stack retting of cellulolytic enzyme, maceration extract submergence, stirred once every 4 days, after 30～40 days, pteridophyte is clear
Reason out, is dried, and pulverizes, and obtains the pteridophyte of fermentation.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107896542A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The modification method of fast lifting salt-soda soil paddy field soil organic matter |
| CN109122416A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏省渔业技术推广中心 | A method of carrying out to beach saline-alkali seawater rice and the comprehensive breeding of fugu obscurus by the sea |
| CN111034561A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113435640A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for predicting in-situ EC (soil EC) of soil in different plough layers of main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN114451238A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 刘金学 | Saline-alkali soil original ecology harrow-free rice planting method |
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| CN102077712A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-01 | 张文 | Method for rapidly treating degenerated grassland and waste saline and alkaline land |
| CN102246678B (en) * | 2011-06-18 | 2014-04-30 | 吉林农业大学 | Rice water-saving cultivation method for soda salinized soil |
| CN104885611A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil saline alkali |
| CN105052289A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 中国水稻研究所 | Saline-alkali paddy salt-leaching and salt-removing method |
| CN105145217A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline and alkaline land |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102077712A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-01 | 张文 | Method for rapidly treating degenerated grassland and waste saline and alkaline land |
| CN102246678B (en) * | 2011-06-18 | 2014-04-30 | 吉林农业大学 | Rice water-saving cultivation method for soda salinized soil |
| CN104885611A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil saline alkali |
| CN105052289A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 中国水稻研究所 | Saline-alkali paddy salt-leaching and salt-removing method |
| CN105145217A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline and alkaline land |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107896542A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The modification method of fast lifting salt-soda soil paddy field soil organic matter |
| CN109122416A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏省渔业技术推广中心 | A method of carrying out to beach saline-alkali seawater rice and the comprehensive breeding of fugu obscurus by the sea |
| CN111034561A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113435640A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for predicting in-situ EC (soil EC) of soil in different plough layers of main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN113435640B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-07-26 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for predicting in-situ EC (environmental impact) of soils with different plough layers in main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN114451238A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 刘金学 | Saline-alkali soil original ecology harrow-free rice planting method |
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