CN105052289A - Saline-alkali paddy salt-leaching and salt-removing method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali paddy salt-leaching and salt-removing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a saline-alkali paddy salt-leaching and salt-removing method. The method includes the steps that deep tillage is carried out 5-10 days before transplanting, then, fresh water is poured in, till the fresh water is 2-4 cm higher than the field surface, rotary tillage is conducted, and the fresh water is drained 1-2 days after field steeping; fresh water continues to be poured in till the fresh water is 2-4 cm higher than the field surface, rotary tillage and harrow smoothing are carried out, and the fresh water is drained after field steeping is carried out till surface water is clarified; fresh water is poured in again to guarantee a water layer which is 1-2 cm high on the field surface, and rice seedlings are transplanted; after the rice seedlings turn green, shallow ditches are dug every 3-4 cm; a deep ditch is dug in the inner side of a field ridge; a drainage ditch is dug in the outer side of the field ridge, and the bottom of the drainage ditch is 15-20 cm lower than a farming layer; a salt-removing hidden pipe is pre-buried at the bottom of the farming layer, an outlet of the salt-removing hidden pipe is communicated with the drainage ditch, and the salt-removing hidden pipe is provided with a valve; an underground water level measuring device is arranged in the field ridge, fresh water is poured in for salt leaching when the underground water level decreases, and the valve on the salt-removing hidden pipe is opened for removing salt when the underground water level raises.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, particularly relate to a kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge method.
Background technology
Saline land rice cultivation, main salt damage shows as and causes paddy rice percentage establishment of seedling low, and the amount of tillering significantly reduces, amount of growth is little, heading difficulty, and causing of having can not be eared or phimosis, grain husk flower fertility difference and the salt damage symptom such as thousand kernel weight is low, finally cause rice in saline-alkali field output not high.Therefore, need to improve saline land.
At present, China's alkaline land improving, mainly through measure such as pressure salt, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching etc., carries out the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching before rice transplanting, and changes water by basining irrigation vegetative period with draining, rinse and drain the salinity in soil, can play the effect in improvement saline land quickly.As the human hairs such as Zhao Guochen understand the cultivated method of soil preparation (CN201110224232.1) of paddy field, saline land quick desalination alkali, in rice field after paddy rice autumn harvest, sun the earth which has been ploughed up after ploughing with the large plough autumn after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, spring next year, drought revolved ground, slightly rake the soil level after ridging, soaked field levelling, transplant to mud sediment, can reach and save water resource, quick desalination alkali, the object optimizing soil structure, improve fragile ecological environment, promote saline and alkaline adverse circumstance rice high yield, stable yields and sustainable development.The human hairs such as Wang Zhichun understand that the ridge culture of water ash rice in saline-alkali field is hided salt water-saving planting method (CN201110413732.X), this invention utilizes the pH value of the waist position, ridge in severe Saline-Sodic area and the minimum feature of EC value, create the environment of applicable paddy growth, solve soda alkaline land Rice Cropping survival rate low, grow downtrod problem.The human hairs such as Huang Lihua understand a kind of rice transplanting method (CN201210405420) of soda alkaline land paddy rice compact planting in narrow row, the method is by increasing unit are rice cropping quantity, reduce moisture evaporation, rely on population effect to strengthen Rice Resistance Saline Alkali Stress ability.The human hairs such as Hou Li is firm understand that the carburetting of a kind of Saline-Sodic paddy rice, oxygenation, increasing anti-three increase collective species method for planting (CN201210565645).Jilin Province has researcher to adopt rice in saline-alkali field film-covering planting, improves soil water and heat quantity, suppresses root region soil salinity, while improving rice in saline-alkali field output, reaches again water saving object.But, above-mentioned measure exist the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching often, the shortcoming such as fresh water water consumption is large, and to cultivate time long in land for growing field crops.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge method, method desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching number of times provided by the invention is few, can reduce fresh water water consumption and time is cultivated in land for growing field crops.
The invention provides a kind of method of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, comprising:
Transplant and plough deeply cultivated in first 5 ~ 10 days, then pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then rotary tillage, soaked field was discharged after 1 ~ 2 day; Continue to pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot;
After rice seedling is turned green, open a shallow ridges every 3 ~ 4m; Zanjon is excavated inside ridge; Excavate drain ditch outside ridge, described drain ditch bottom of trench is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm; Pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe bottom plow layer, the outlet of described salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch, and described salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve; Subterranean water level determinator is set in ridge, when subterranean water level declines, pours into the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, when subterranean water level rises, open the valve salt discharge on salt discharge hidden pipe.
The present invention, by whole synchronous with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, carries out ploughing deeply cultivated for 5 ~ 10 days before transplanting rice, more preferably within first 7 days, carries out ploughing deeply cultivated.Plough deeply after ploughing and pour into fresh water wherein and make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, raising desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, minimizing fresh water dosage.Fresh water was discharged after 1 ~ 2 day in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, and make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot to rice shoot is turned green, every 3 ~ 4 meters of excavations shallow ridges in paddy field, described shallow ridges, also known as good harvest ditch, improves rice yield; Inside paddy field ridge, excavate zanjon, described zanjon, also known as enclosing ditch, can improve rice yield; Outside ridge, excavate drain ditch, the bottom of trench in described drain ditch is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm.In the present invention, the furrow width of described shallow ridges is 15 ~ 20cm, and ditch depth is 10 ~ 15cm.The furrow width of described zanjon is 35cm, and ditch depth is 30cm.The furrow width in described drain ditch is 40 ~ 50cm.
The present invention is pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe bottom plow layer also, and for salt discharge, described salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve, the outlet of described salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch.The present invention preferably bottom plow layer every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe of 5m.
The present invention also arranges subterranean water level determinator in ridge, for monitoring subterranean water level.The present invention preferably arranges subterranean water level determinator every 10m in ridge, and described subterranean water level determinator is that subterranean water level measures pipe.
When subterranean water level rises, the valve opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge; When underground water level decreasing, in field, pour into fresh water carry out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.When there being a large amount of precipitation, the valve also can opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary salt discharge.
Be saline and alkaline rice field engineering design schematic diagram in the method for saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge provided by the invention see Fig. 1, Fig. 1, wherein, 11 is plow layer, 12 is soil horizon, and 13 is shallow ridges, and 14 is zanjon, and 15 is drain ditch, 16 is valve, and 17 is salt discharge hidden pipe, and 18 manage for subterranean water level measures.
In desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge method provided by the invention, wholely synchronous with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, rotary tillage increases soil and fresh water into contact face, and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed is fast, and significantly reduce fresh water dosage, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is effective, dart transfer.Meanwhile, the present invention at deployment subterranean water level monitoring system, rotary tillage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching during water level height, salt discharge during water level decreasing, and pressure salt of pouring water, in conjunction with earth's surface salt discharge, balk every 5 meters be provided with certain depth there is the salt discharge of valve hidden pipe, plow layer salt discharge is homogeneous, and salt discharge is effective.The present invention also divides management mode in conjunction with paddy rice high yield water, excavation high yield ditch, encloses the supporting draining salt discharge in main drain outside ditch and field, and salt washing and controlling allows rice high yield simultaneously.Comprehensive physical engineering means of the present invention and the measure improving the rice field methods of cultivation and rice high yield water management technology is combined with desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, improve saline and alkaline paddy soil, the quick salt discharge desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, fresh-water-saving, improve saline and alkaline paddy rice output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is saline and alkaline rice field engineering design schematic diagram in the method for saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Saline land is organized in paddy field process, and every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe of 5m bottom the plow layer of saline land, for salt discharge, salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch.And every 10m, subterranean water level mensuration pipe is set, for monitoring subterranean water level in ridge.
Within first 10 days, carry out ploughing deeply cultivated at transplanting rice.Plough deeply after ploughing and pour into fresh water wherein and make fresh water higher than face, field 2cm, then carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, raising desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, minimizing fresh water dosage.Fresh water was discharged after 1 day in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, and make fresh water higher than face, field 2cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot to rice shoot is turned green, every 3 ~ 4 meters of excavations high yield ditch in paddy field, furrow width is 15 ~ 20cm, and ditch depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Inside paddy field ridge, excavation encloses ditch, and furrow width is 35cm, and ditch depth is 30cm; Outside ridge, excavate drain ditch, furrow width is 40 ~ 50cm, and the bottom of trench in drain ditch is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm.
Except water management, other field management is all consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly carried out in conjunction with WATER LEVEL CHANGES and rainfall.When subterranean water level rises, the valve opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge; When underground water level decreasing, in field, pour into fresh water carry out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there being a large amount of precipitation, the valve also can opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary salt discharge.
Embodiment 2
Saline land is organized in paddy field process, and every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe of 5m bottom the plow layer of saline land, for salt discharge, salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch.And every 10m, subterranean water level mensuration pipe is set, for monitoring subterranean water level in ridge.
Within first 7 days, carry out ploughing deeply cultivated at transplanting rice.Plough deeply after ploughing and pour into fresh water wherein and make fresh water higher than face, field 2cm, then carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, raising desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, minimizing fresh water dosage.Fresh water was discharged after 1 day in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, and make fresh water higher than face, field 2cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot to rice shoot is turned green, every 3 ~ 4 meters of excavations high yield ditch in paddy field, furrow width is 15 ~ 20cm, and ditch depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Inside paddy field ridge, excavation encloses ditch, and furrow width is 35cm, and ditch depth is 30cm; Outside ridge, excavate drain ditch, furrow width is 40 ~ 50cm, and the bottom of trench in drain ditch is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm.
Except water management, other field management is all consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly carried out in conjunction with WATER LEVEL CHANGES and rainfall.When subterranean water level rises, the valve opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge; When underground water level decreasing, in field, pour into fresh water carry out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there being a large amount of precipitation, the valve also can opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary salt discharge.
Embodiment 3
Saline land is organized in paddy field process, and every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe of 5m bottom the plow layer of saline land, for salt discharge, salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch.And every 10m, subterranean water level mensuration pipe is set, for monitoring subterranean water level in ridge.
Within first 5 days, carry out ploughing deeply cultivated at transplanting rice.Plough deeply after ploughing and pour into fresh water wherein and make fresh water higher than face, field 4cm, then carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, raising desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, minimizing fresh water dosage.Fresh water was discharged after 2 days in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, and make fresh water higher than face, field 4cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot to rice shoot is turned green, every 3 ~ 4 meters of excavations high yield ditch in paddy field, furrow width is 15 ~ 20cm, and ditch depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Inside paddy field ridge, excavation encloses ditch, and furrow width is 35cm, and ditch depth is 30cm; Outside ridge, excavate drain ditch, furrow width is 40 ~ 50cm, and the bottom of trench in drain ditch is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm.
Except water management, other field management is all consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly carried out in conjunction with WATER LEVEL CHANGES and rainfall.When subterranean water level rises, the valve opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge; When underground water level decreasing, in field, pour into fresh water carry out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there being a large amount of precipitation, the valve also can opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary salt discharge.
The rice yield of plant above-mentioned three embodiments and structure of output thereof are analyzed, and result is as follows:
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method for saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, comprising:
Transplant and plough deeply cultivated in first 5 ~ 10 days, then pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then rotary tillage, soaked field was discharged after 1 ~ 2 day; Continue to pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than face, field 2 ~ 4cm, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is discharged to superficial water clarification; Again pour into fresh water, keep face, field 1 ~ 2cm water layer, transplanting rice rice shoot;
After rice seedling is turned green, open a shallow ridges every 3 ~ 4m; Zanjon is excavated inside ridge; Excavate drain ditch outside ridge, described drain ditch bottom of trench is lower than plow layer 15 ~ 20cm; Pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe bottom plow layer, the outlet of described salt discharge hidden pipe communicates with described drain ditch, and described salt discharge hidden pipe is provided with valve; Subterranean water level determinator is set in ridge, when subterranean water level declines, pours into the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, when subterranean water level rises, open the valve salt discharge on salt discharge hidden pipe.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the furrow width of described shallow ridges is 15 ~ 20cm, and ditch depth is 10 ~ 15cm.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the furrow width of described zanjon is 35cm, and ditch depth is 30cm.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the furrow width in described drain ditch is 40 ~ 50cm.
5. the method according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, is characterized in that, arranges subterranean water level determinator in ridge every 10m.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described subterranean water level determinator is that subterranean water level measures pipe.
7. the method according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, is characterized in that, every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe of 5m bottom plow layer.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN106171110A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of planting lawn in saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modification method thereof |
| CN106376407A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in saline and alkaline land |
| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN106942020A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-14 | 盐城师范学院 | Agriculture fishery rapidly and efficiently fills drainage system |
| CN106973574A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-25 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The modification method in sour regurgitation field |
| CN109156108A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 | A kind of soil alkaline ground comprehensive processing method |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN111771639A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏天海泵业有限公司 | Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control |
| CN112237069A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for transforming soda saline-alkali land waste fishpond into cattail wetland |
| CN114667819A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
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| CN106171110A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of planting lawn in saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modification method thereof |
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| CN106376407A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in saline and alkaline land |
| CN106973574A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-25 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The modification method in sour regurgitation field |
| CN106942020A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-14 | 盐城师范学院 | Agriculture fishery rapidly and efficiently fills drainage system |
| CN109156108A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 | A kind of soil alkaline ground comprehensive processing method |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN111771639A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏天海泵业有限公司 | Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control |
| CN112237069A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for transforming soda saline-alkali land waste fishpond into cattail wetland |
| CN114667819A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
| CN114667819B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
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