CN105052289B - A kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching Salt discharge method - Google Patents
A kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching Salt discharge method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, including：Transplanting ploughs deeply cultivated in first 5～10 days, then pours into fresh water, makes fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, and then rotary tillage, soaked field were discharged after 1～2 day；Continue to pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field to top layer clarification of water heel row goes out；Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot；After rice seedling is turned green, a shallow ridges is opened every 3～4m；Zanjon is excavated on the inside of ridge；Gutter is excavated on the outside of ridge, the gutter bottom of trench is less than 15～20cm of arable layer；The pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe in arable layer bottom, the outlet of the salt discharge hidden pipe are communicated with the gutter, are provided with valve on the salt discharge hidden pipe；Lower water level measurement device is configured in ridge, level of ground water pours into the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching when declining, the valve salt discharge on salt discharge hidden pipe is opened when level of ground water rises.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, more particularly to a kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching Salt discharge method.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil rice cultivation, main salt damage show as causing Oryza sativa L. percentage establishment of seedling low, and tiller amount is greatly decreased, increment
Little, heading is difficult, and causing of having can not be eared or phimosis, grain husk flower fertility difference and the low salt damage symptom of mass of 1000 kernel, ultimately results in salt
Alkali ground rice yield is not high.Accordingly, it would be desirable to improve to salt-soda soil.
At present, China's alkaline land improving carries out the soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and passes through mainly by pressing the measures such as salt, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching before rice transplanting
Trophophase is basined irrigation and changes water with draining, the salinity for rinsing and draining in soil, can play a part of quickly to improve salt-soda soil.Such as Zhao
State's minister et al. has invented the cultivated method of soil preparation (CN201110224232.1) of salt-soda soil paddy field quick desalination alkali, after Oryza sativa L. autumn harvest
Rice field in, sun the earth which has been ploughed up after being ploughed with the big plough autumn after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, spring next year drought rotation ground is slightly raked the soil level after ridging, soaked field levelling, to mud
Transplant after slurry precipitation, can reach saving water resource, quick desalination alkali, the purpose for optimizing Soil structure, improving fragile ecological environment,
Promote saline and alkaline adverse circumstance rice high yield, stable yields and sustainable development.Wang Zhichun et al. has invented water ash rice in saline-alkali field ridge culture and has hided
Salt water-saving planting method (CN201110413732.X), the invention using severe Saline-Sodic area ridge waist position pH value and
The characteristics of EC values are minimum, creates the environment of suitable paddy growth, and it is low to solve soda alkaline land Rice Cropping survival rate, growth
Downtrod problem.Huang Lihua et al. has invented a kind of rice transplanting method of soda alkaline land Oryza sativa L. compact planting in narrow row
(CN201210405420), the method reduces moisture evaporation, by population effect by increasing unit area rice cropping quantity
Strengthen Rice Resistance Saline Alkali Stress ability.Hou Ligang et al. has invented a kind of Saline-Sodic Oryza sativa L. carburetting, oxygen supplement, has increased anti-three increasing comprehensively
Implantation methods (CN201210565645).There is researcher in Jilin Province using rice in saline-alkali field film-covering planting, improves soil hydro-thermal
Situation, suppresses root region soil salinity, while improving rice in saline-alkali field yield, has reached water saving purpose again.But, above-mentioned measure
Exist the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching often, the shortcomings of fresh water water consumption is big, and to cultivate time long in land for growing field crops.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching Salt discharge method, the side that the present invention is provided
Method desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching number of times is few, can reduce fresh water water consumption and time is cultivated in land for growing field crops.
The invention provides a kind of method of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, including：
Transplanting ploughs deeply cultivated in first 5～10 days, then pours into fresh water, makes fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, then rotary tillage, soaked field 1
Discharge after～2 days；Continue to pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, after the clarification of water of soaked field to top layer
Discharge；Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot；
After rice seedling is turned green, a shallow ridges is opened every 3～4m；Zanjon is excavated on the inside of ridge；Gutter is excavated on the outside of ridge,
The gutter bottom of trench is less than 15～20cm of arable layer；The pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe in arable layer bottom, the outlet of the salt discharge hidden pipe with
The gutter communicates, and is provided with valve on the salt discharge hidden pipe；Lower water level measurement device is configured in ridge, under level of ground water
The fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into during drop, the valve salt discharge on salt discharge hidden pipe when level of ground water rises, is opened.
The present invention is synchronous with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching by site preparation, carries out ploughing deeply cultivated within 5～10 days before transplanting rice, carries out within more preferably front 7 days
Plough deeply cultivated.Ploughing deeply pour into fresh water after ploughing thereto to make fresh water to be higher than 2～4cm of field face, then carries out rotary tillage, increases soil and fresh water
Contact surface, makes fresh water be fully contacted with soil particle, improves desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reduces fresh water dosage.Discharge light after 1～2 day in soaked field
Water, continues to pour into fresh water, makes fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, and then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field to top layer clarification of water heel row goes out；Again
Fresh water is poured into, field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot is kept.
After transplanting rice rice shoot is turned green to rice shoot, a shallow ridges is excavated every 3～4 meters in rice terrace, the shallow ridges is again
Claim good harvest ditch, improve rice yield；Excavate zanjon on the inside of rice terrace ridge, the zanjon is also known as enclosing ditch, it is possible to increase Oryza sativa L.
Yield；Gutter is excavated on the outside of ridge, the bottom of trench in the gutter is less than 15～20cm of arable layer.In the present invention, it is described
A width of 15～the 20cm of ditch of shallow ridges, ditch depth are 10～15cm.The a width of 35cm of ditch of the zanjon, ditch depth is 30cm.The draining
A width of 40～the 50cm of ditch of ditch.
The present invention is provided with valve on the salt discharge hidden pipe, institute also in the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe in arable layer bottom for salt discharge
The outlet for stating salt discharge hidden pipe is communicated with the gutter.The present invention is preferably in arable layer bottom every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipes of 5m.
The present invention is also configured to lower water level measurement device in ridge, for monitoring level of ground water.The present invention is preferably in field
Lower water level measurement device is configured to every 10m in the ridge, it is that level of ground water determines pipe that the level of ground water determines device.
When level of ground water rises, the valve for opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge；When underground water level decreasing, in field
Pouring into fresh water carries out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.When there is a large amount of precipitation, the valve that can also open salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary salt discharge.
Saline and alkaline rice field engineering design in the method for the saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge provided for the present invention referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is illustrated
Figure, wherein, 11 is arable layer, and 12 is soil horizon, and 13 is shallow ridges, and 14 is zanjon, and 15 is gutter, and 16 is valve, and 17 is salt discharge
Hidden pipe, 18 is that level of ground water determines pipe.
In the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching Salt discharge method that the present invention is provided, site preparation is synchronous with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and rotary tillage increases soil and fresh water into contact face, washes
Salt speed is fast, and fresh water dosage is greatly reduced, and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect is good, dart transfer.Meanwhile, the present invention is in deployment level of ground water
Monitoring system, rotary tillage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching when water level is high, salt discharge during water level decreasing, and pressure salt of pouring water, with reference to earth's surface salt discharge, balk is per 5 meters
Be provided with certain depth with valve hidden pipe salt discharge, arable layer salt discharge is homogeneous, and salt discharge effect is good.The present invention is herein in connection with rice high yield
Water management pattern, excavates high yield ditch, encloses the supporting draining salt discharge in main drain outside ditch and field, and salt washing and controlling allows Oryza sativa L. high simultaneously
Produce.Comprehensive physical engineering means of the present invention and improve the rice field methods of cultivation and rice high yield water management technology and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge
The measure for combining, improves to saline and alkaline paddy soil, the quick salt discharge desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, fresh-water-saving, improves saline and alkaline paddy rice and produces
Amount.
Description of the drawings
Saline and alkaline rice field engineering design schematic diagram in the method for the saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment
Only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made by art personnel, belongs to the model of present invention protection
Enclose.
Embodiment 1
During salt-soda soil is organized into rice terrace, in salt-soda soil arable layer bottom every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipes of 5m, for arranging
Salt, is provided with valve on salt discharge hidden pipe, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe is communicated with the gutter.And arrange every 10m in ridge
Level of ground water determines pipe, for monitoring level of ground water.
Carry out ploughing deeply cultivated within 10 days before transplanting rice.Ploughing deeply pour into fresh water after ploughing thereto to make fresh water to be higher than field face 2cm, so
After carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reduction light
Water consumption.Fresh water was discharged after 1 day in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, made fresh water higher than field face 2cm, and then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is to table
Discharge after layer clarification of water；Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot is turned green to rice shoot, a high yield ditch, ditch a width of 15 are excavated every 3～4 meters in rice terrace
～20cm, ditch depth are 10～15cm；Excavate on the inside of rice terrace ridge and enclose ditch, a width of 35cm of ditch, ditch depth is 30cm；Outside ridge
Gutter is excavated in side, and a width of 40～50cm of ditch, the bottom of trench in gutter are less than 15～20cm of arable layer.
Outer other field managements of moisture removal management are consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly in combination with level of ground water
Change and rainfall are carried out.When level of ground water rises, the valve for opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge；When underground water level decreasing,
Fresh water is poured into in field carries out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there is a large amount of precipitation, the valve that can also open salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary row
Salt.
Embodiment 2
During salt-soda soil is organized into rice terrace, in salt-soda soil arable layer bottom every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipes of 5m, for arranging
Salt, is provided with valve on salt discharge hidden pipe, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe is communicated with the gutter.And arrange every 10m in ridge
Level of ground water determines pipe, for monitoring level of ground water.
Carry out ploughing deeply cultivated within 7 days before transplanting rice.Ploughing deeply pour into fresh water after ploughing thereto to make fresh water to be higher than field face 2cm, so
After carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reduction light
Water consumption.Fresh water was discharged after 1 day in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, made fresh water higher than field face 2cm, and then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is to table
Discharge after layer clarification of water；Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot is turned green to rice shoot, a high yield ditch, ditch a width of 15 are excavated every 3～4 meters in rice terrace
～20cm, ditch depth are 10～15cm；Excavate on the inside of rice terrace ridge and enclose ditch, a width of 35cm of ditch, ditch depth is 30cm；Outside ridge
Gutter is excavated in side, and a width of 40～50cm of ditch, the bottom of trench in gutter are less than 15～20cm of arable layer.
Outer other field managements of moisture removal management are consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly in combination with level of ground water
Change and rainfall are carried out.When level of ground water rises, the valve for opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge；When underground water level decreasing,
Fresh water is poured into in field carries out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there is a large amount of precipitation, the valve that can also open salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary row
Salt.
Embodiment 3
During salt-soda soil is organized into rice terrace, in salt-soda soil arable layer bottom every the pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipes of 5m, for arranging
Salt, is provided with valve on salt discharge hidden pipe, the outlet of salt discharge hidden pipe is communicated with the gutter.And arrange every 10m in ridge
Level of ground water determines pipe, for monitoring level of ground water.
Carry out ploughing deeply cultivated within 5 days before transplanting rice.Ploughing deeply pour into fresh water after ploughing thereto to make fresh water to be higher than field face 4cm, so
After carry out rotary tillage, increase soil and fresh water into contact face, fresh water is fully contacted with soil particle, improve desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching speed, reduction light
Water consumption.Fresh water was discharged after 2 days in soaked field, continued to pour into fresh water, made fresh water higher than field face 4cm, and then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field is to table
Discharge after layer clarification of water；Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot.
After transplanting rice rice shoot is turned green to rice shoot, a high yield ditch, ditch a width of 15 are excavated every 3～4 meters in rice terrace
～20cm, ditch depth are 10～15cm；Excavate on the inside of rice terrace ridge and enclose ditch, a width of 35cm of ditch, ditch depth is 30cm；Outside ridge
Gutter is excavated in side, and a width of 40～50cm of ditch, the bottom of trench in gutter are less than 15～20cm of arable layer.
Outer other field managements of moisture removal management are consistent with normal Rice Cropping.Water management is mainly in combination with level of ground water
Change and rainfall are carried out.When level of ground water rises, the valve for opening salt discharge hidden pipe carries out salt discharge；When underground water level decreasing,
Fresh water is poured into in field carries out desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure salt.When there is a large amount of precipitation, the valve that can also open salt discharge hidden pipe carries out auxiliary row
Salt.
The rice yield and its structure of output of the plantation of above three embodiment are analyzed, it is as a result as follows：
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of saline and alkaline rice field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, including：
Transplanting ploughs deeply cultivated in first 5～10 days, then pours into fresh water, makes fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, then rotary tillage, soaked field 1～2 day
After discharge；Continue to pour into fresh water, make fresh water higher than 2～4cm of field face, then rotary tillage is carefully harrowed, and soaked field to top layer clarification of water heel row goes out；
Fresh water is poured into again, keeps field face 1～2cm water layers, transplanting rice rice shoot；
After rice seedling is turned green, a shallow ridges is opened every 3～4m；Zanjon is excavated on the inside of ridge；Gutter is excavated on the outside of ridge, it is described
Gutter bottom of trench is less than 15～20cm of arable layer；The pre-buried salt discharge hidden pipe in arable layer bottom, the outlet of the salt discharge hidden pipe with it is described
Gutter communicates, and is provided with valve on the salt discharge hidden pipe；Lower water level measurement device is configured in ridge, when level of ground water declines
The fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into, the valve salt discharge on salt discharge hidden pipe when level of ground water rises, is opened.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that a width of 15～20cm of ditch of the shallow ridges, ditch depth is 10～
15cm。
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that a width of 35cm of ditch of the zanjon, ditch depth is 30cm.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that a width of 40～50cm of ditch in the gutter.
5. the method according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that level of ground water is set every 10m in ridge
Determine device.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is level of ground water measure that the level of ground water determines device
Pipe.
7. the method according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that arable layer bottom is every the pre-buried salt discharges of 5m
Hidden pipe.
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| CN106171110A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of planting lawn in saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modification method thereof |
| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN106376407A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Energy-saving planting method of paddy rice in saline and alkaline land |
| CN106973574B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-09-24 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The modification method in sour regurgitation field |
| CN106942020A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-14 | 盐城师范学院 | Agriculture fishery rapidly and efficiently fills drainage system |
| CN109156108B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment method for soil saline-alkali soil |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN111771639A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏天海泵业有限公司 | Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control |
| CN112237069A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for transforming soda saline-alkali land waste fishpond into cattail wetland |
| CN114667819B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
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| US5393312A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1995-02-28 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. | Agent for prevention of salt damage of plants and a method of preventing salt damage of plants using the same |
| CN201630045U (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-11-17 | 启东建筑集团山水园林建设有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil landscaping water-soil improvement facility |
| CN202455774U (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-10-03 | 孙剑桥 | Anti-soaking saline-alkali water drainage device for improved saline-alkali soil paddy field bed |
| CN102919090A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | One-hole multi-plants close planting method for saline-alkali soil rice |
| CN102900059B (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2015-07-29 | 河海大学 | The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil |
| CN103460843B (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-06-24 | 青岛农业大学 | Quick saline-alkali land desalting system method by means of concealed-tube irrigation and drainage |
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