CN105248067A - Method for constructing coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation - Google Patents

Method for constructing coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation Download PDF

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CN105248067A
CN105248067A CN201510590455.8A CN201510590455A CN105248067A CN 105248067 A CN105248067 A CN 105248067A CN 201510590455 A CN201510590455 A CN 201510590455A CN 105248067 A CN105248067 A CN 105248067A
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soil
jerusalem artichoke
ditch
drip irrigation
furrow
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CN105248067B (en
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薛志忠
杨雅华
张薇
李海山
吴新海
张国新
左永梅
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INSTITUTE OF COASTAL AGRICULTURE HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF COASTAL AGRICULTURE HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation. The method comprises: smoothing land, improving soil, planting jerusalem artichoke, performing seedling management, growing period management, and harvest time management. Through three years of field management, coastal muddy saline-alkali soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation construction is completed. In the method, fertilizer is not needed. In the second year after the jerusalem artichoke plants are planted, coverage degree reaches 100%. And jerusalem artichoke vegetation construction can be completed in just three years.

Description

The construction method of shale saline land, a kind of strand jerusalem artichoke vegetation
Technical field
This area belongs to plant planting field, is specifically related to the construction method of shale saline land, a kind of strand jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
Background technology
Jerusalem artichoke (HelianthustuberosusL.) is commonly called as Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke, is composite family Helianthus herbaceos perennial, and annidation is strong, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, is suitable for planting marginally.Jerusalem artichoke biological amount fresh weight generally reaches 4 ~ 8 tons/mu, and wherein acrial part output is 2 ~ 3 tons/mu, and underground stem tuber part is 2 ~ 5 tons/mu.It is bio-energy crop in China, is again sugar [yielding, forage crop, vegetable crop, remarkable in economical benefits.Again because jerusalem artichoke belongs to inhale salt plant, well developed root system, Aboveground Biomass of Young are large, can improve solonchak, recover ecological.Therefore; jerusalem artichoke is also used to terraced fields protective plant hedge anticorrosive with unstable sand ground; for protecting massif water and soil loss, fix the sand windproof; the biological property of its strong, wide adaptability of purposes and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, fertility widely; become the pionner of alkaline land improving, there is vast potential for future development utilizing in the saline and alkaline non-cultivated land resources of China.And China's strand area is comparatively large, content salt is high, and many plant difficulties grow in such circumstances, and jerusalem artichoke belongs to suction salt plant and can be used for improvement strand salt matter soil, therefore, needs to set up a kind of method building beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the construction method setting up a kind of beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation, the method can reach 100% by jerusalem artichoke vegetation coverage in 2 years, within 3 years, complete the structure of marine solonchak jerusalem artichoke vegetation, under the condition without the need to using chemical fertilizer, quickly and efficiently constructing marine solonchak jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
For realizing object of the present invention, provide following embodiment.
In one embodiment, the construction method of shale saline land, a kind of strand of the present invention jerusalem artichoke vegetation, comprises following process:
1) level land, soil surrounding arranges dark drain ditch, and soil arranges shallow drain ditch every 50m;
2) 67m is added according to every mu 3maize straw, be layered on smooth after soil on, utilize rotovator to plough deeply mixing 40-50cm, soil be divided into the furrow that 2m is wide, between furrow and furrow, retain the furrow ditch of wide 30cm, dark 20cm;
3) jerusalem artichoke plantation: adopt bar broadcast mode, every furrow open three plantation ditches, by uniform for stalwartness jerusalem artichoke stem tuber sowing in plantation ditch, then earthing is steady and sure, Surface mulch stalk;
4) the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: every furrow lay 3 drip irrigation pipe above jerusalem artichoke plantation ditch, after jerusalem artichoke has been planted, immediately with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of drip irrigation fresh water mode, the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching first, calculate from there are flowing out in furrow ditch, continue drip irrigation 48h, after top layer is dried, start the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of second time drip irrigation, continue drip irrigation 24h, after second time drip irrigation terminates, get 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content, when soil soluble salt content lower than 0.6% time, stop drip irrigation, when soil soluble salt content higher than 0.6% time, repeat second time drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process again, until 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content is lower than 0.6%, after the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching terminates, if when 0-30cm soil layer soil pH is more than 8.2, Humic Acid acid-base value can be used,
5) seedling management: after emerging, every other day drip irrigation moisturizing once, is treated that furrow ditch there are flowing out and was both stopped drip irrigation, continues about two weeks;
6) growing season management: jerusalem artichoke vegetative period, when hardening appears in soil, should loosen the soil in time; Wilting appears in leaf of canada potato, should drip irrigation moisturizing in time;
7) management harvest time: after First Year jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, only harvesting terrestrial stem stalk part, poured water before winter once, Second Year early spring, arranged furrow ditch and drain ditch, before jerusalem artichoke germinates, drip irrigation moisturizing; After emerging, continue moisturizing according to soil salt, moisture, make to form low-salt environment near jerusalem artichoke seedling, Second Year after jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, except harvesting acrial part stem stalk, can part harvesting jerusalem artichoke underground stem tuber, poured water before winter once; Within 3rd year, manage according to Second Year, through field management in 3 years, complete the structure of beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
In the above-described embodiment, construction method of the present invention, process 1) described in level land, land readjustment difference of height is less than 20cm; The furrow width in described dark drain ditch is 150cm, and ditch depth is 100cm, and the furrow width in described shallow drain ditch is 100cm, and ditch depth is 50cm; Process 3) in, described plantation ditch, its furrow width is 30cm, and ditch depth is 20-30cm, and the plantation spacing of the jerusalem artichoke stem tuber in plantation ditch is 30cm; Process 4) in, the consumption of humic acid is generally 200kg/667 ㎡.Process 7) in, described arrangement makes furrow ditch and drain ditch meet original depth requirements, to reach draining, and the effect of control salt; Process 7) in, Second Year jerusalem artichoke plant cover degree can reach 100%, is conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, process 7) in, described less salt is that soil soluble salt content is less than 0.5%.
In one embodiment, the construction method of shale saline land, a kind of strand of the present invention jerusalem artichoke vegetation, comprises following process:
1) level land, land readjustment difference of height is less than 20cm, and soil surrounding arranges furrow width 150cm, the dark drain ditch of ditch depth 100cm, and soil arranges furrow width 100cm every 50m, the shallow drain ditch of ditch depth 50cm;
2) 67m is added according to every mu 3maize straw, be layered on smooth after soil on, utilize rotovator to plough deeply mixing 40-50cm, soil be divided into the furrow that 2m is wide, between furrow and furrow, retain the furrow ditch of wide 30cm, dark 20cm;
3) jerusalem artichoke plantation: adopt bar broadcast mode, every furrow open three plantation ditches, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20-30cm, by uniform for stalwartness jerusalem artichoke stem tuber sowing in plantation ditch, plantation spacing 30cm, then earthing is steady and sure, Surface mulch stalk;
4) the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: every furrow lay 3 drip irrigation pipe, after jerusalem artichoke has been planted, immediately with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of drip irrigation fresh water mode above jerusalem artichoke plantation ditch, the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching first, calculate from there are flowing out in furrow ditch, continue drip irrigation 48h, after top layer is dried, start the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of second time drip irrigation, continue drip irrigation 24h, after second time drip irrigation terminates, get 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content, when soil soluble salt content lower than 0.6% time, stop drip irrigation; When soil soluble salt content higher than 0.6% time, repeat second time drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process again, until 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content is lower than 0.6%, after the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching terminates, if when 0-30cm soil layer soil pH is more than 8.2, Humic Acid acid-base value can be used, general 200kg/667 ㎡;
5) seedling management: after emerging, every other day drip irrigation moisturizing once, is treated that furrow ditch there are flowing out and was both stopped drip irrigation, continues about two weeks;
6) growing season management: jerusalem artichoke vegetative period, when hardening appears in soil, should loosen the soil in time; Wilting appears in leaf of canada potato, should drip irrigation moisturizing in time;
7) management harvest time: after First Year jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, only harvesting terrestrial stem stalk part, poured water before winter once; Second Year early spring, arrange furrow ditch and drain ditch, before jerusalem artichoke germinates, drip irrigation moisturizing; After emerging, moisturizing is continued according to soil salt, moisture, make to form low-salt environment (soil soluble salt content is less than 0.5%) near jerusalem artichoke seedling, Second Year is after jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, except harvesting acrial part stem stalk, can part harvesting jerusalem artichoke underground stem tuber, poured water before winter once; Within 3rd year, manage according to Second Year, through field management in 3 years, complete the structure of beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
In the above-described embodiment, construction method of the present invention, process 7) in, described arrangement makes furrow ditch and drain ditch meet original depth requirements, to reach draining, and the effect of control salt; Process 7) in, Second Year jerusalem artichoke plant cover degree can reach 100%, is conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and the jerusalem artichoke underground stem tuber of results can be used for the seedling of the structure of the saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation in other plot.
The construction method of a kind of strand shale solonchak jerusalem artichoke vegetation of the invention described above, described drain ditch, Main Function drains the water away, controlling groundwater level.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. jerusalem artichoke cultivation method is simple, without the need to adding chemical fertilizer, does not need special saline land reforming processing in plantation jerusalem artichoke process.Jerusalem artichoke is well-grown in salt quality, and can improve soil property, and about 2-3 can make saline land covers jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
2. jerusalem artichoke tool eats and medical value, and can gather in the crops then, in alkaline land improving process, Second Year plant cover degree can reach 100%, is conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and starts there is considerable economic benefit, is convenient to promote.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for being described in further detail essence of the present invention, to understand the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the invention in any form.
Embodiment 1 marine solonchak jerusalem artichoke vegetation construction
Its building process comprises:
1, land smoothing
Land readjustment, the general machinery that adopts carries out land readjustment, requires that difference of height is less than 20cm.After land readjustment completes, plot surrounding arranges wide 150cm, the dark dark drain ditch of 100cm, and arranges the shallow drain ditch of wide 100cm, dark 50cm every 50m in plot, and Main Function drains the water away, controlling groundwater level;
2, improvement soil
Strand mud soil, salt content is high, poor permeability, adds 67m according to every mu 3maize straw, utilizes rotovator to plough deeply mixing 40-50cm. and does furrow according to every furrow 2m is wide, stay wide 30cm, dark 20cm furrow ditch between furrow and furrow;
3. jerusalem artichoke plantation
Adopt bar broadcast mode, every furrow open three plantation ditches, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20-30cm, by uniform for stalwartness jerusalem artichoke stem tuber sowing in plantation ditch, and the spacing 30cm of jerusalem artichoke stem tuber, earthing is steady and sure; After having planted, Surface mulch stalk;
The 4 soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
Every furrow lay 3 drip irrigation pipe above jerusalem artichoke plantation ditch,
After jerusalem artichoke has been planted, start the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of drip irrigation fresh water mode immediately.The drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching first, calculates from there are flowing out in furrow ditch, continues drip irrigation 48h.After top layer is dried, start the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of second time drip irrigation, continue drip irrigation 24h.Second time after drip irrigation terminates, gets 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content, when soil soluble salt content lower than 0.6% time, stop drip irrigation; When soil soluble salt content higher than 0.6% time, then repeat second time drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process, until 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content is lower than 0.6%.After the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching terminates, if when 0-30cm soil layer soil pH is more than 8.2, Humic Acid acid-base value can be used, general 200kg/667 ㎡;
5, seedling management
After emerging, every other day drip irrigation moisturizing once, is treated that furrow ditch there are flowing out and was both stopped drip irrigation, continues about two weeks;
6) growing season management: when hardening appears in soil, should loosen the soil in time; When wilting appears in leaf of canada potato, should drip irrigation moisturizing in time;
7) management harvest time: after First Year jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, only harvesting terrestrial stem stalk part, poured water before winter once; Second Year early spring, arrange furrow ditch and drain ditch, before jerusalem artichoke germinates, drip irrigation moisturizing; After emerging, moisturizing is continued according to soil salt, moisture, make to form low-salt environment (soil soluble salt content is less than 0.5%) near jerusalem artichoke seedling, Second Year plant cover degree can reach 100%, after jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, except harvesting acrial part stem stalk, can part harvesting jerusalem artichoke underground stem tuber, for processing or sale, or for other saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation construction seedlings, poured water before winter once; Within 3rd year, manage according to Second Year, through field management in 3 years, complete the structure of beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation.

Claims (9)

1. a construction method for strand shale saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation, comprises following process:
1) level land, soil surrounding arranges dark drain ditch, and soil arranges shallow drain ditch every 50m;
2) 67m is added according to every mu 3maize straw, be layered on smooth after soil on, utilize rotovator to plough deeply mixing 40-50cm, soil be divided into the furrow that 2m is wide, between furrow and furrow, retain the furrow ditch of wide 30cm, dark 20cm;
3) jerusalem artichoke plantation: adopt bar broadcast mode, every furrow open three plantation ditches, by uniform for stalwartness jerusalem artichoke stem tuber sowing in plantation ditch, then earthing is steady and sure, Surface mulch stalk;
4) the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: every furrow lay 3 drip irrigation pipe above jerusalem artichoke plantation ditch, after jerusalem artichoke has been planted, immediately with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of drip irrigation fresh water mode, the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching first, calculate from there are flowing out in furrow ditch, continue drip irrigation 48h, after top layer is dried, start the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of second time drip irrigation, continue drip irrigation 24h, after second time drip irrigation terminates, get 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content, when soil soluble salt content lower than 0.6% time, stop drip irrigation, when soil soluble salt content higher than 0.6% time, repeat second time drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process again, until 0-30cm soil layer soil test soil soluble salt content is lower than 0.6%, after the drip irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching terminates, if when 0-30cm soil layer soil pH is more than 8.2, Humic Acid acid-base value can be used,
5) seedling management: after emerging, every other day drip irrigation moisturizing once, is treated that furrow ditch there are flowing out and was both stopped drip irrigation, continues about two weeks;
6) growing season management: jerusalem artichoke vegetative period, if hardening appears in soil, should loosen the soil in time; Wilting appears in leaf of canada potato, should drip irrigation moisturizing in time;
7) management harvest time: after First Year jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, only harvesting terrestrial stem stalk part, poured water before winter once, Second Year early spring, arranged furrow ditch and drain ditch, before jerusalem artichoke germinates, drip irrigation moisturizing; After emerging, moisturizing is continued according to soil salt, moisture, make to form low-salt environment near jerusalem artichoke seedling, Second Year after jerusalem artichoke fallen leaves maturation, except harvesting acrial part stem stalk, can part harvesting jerusalem artichoke underground stem tuber, poured water before winter once, within 3rd year, manage according to Second Year, through field management in 3 years, complete the structure of beach saline land jerusalem artichoke vegetation.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, described in level land, difference of height is less than 20cm.
3. method as claimed in claim 1, process 7) in, described arrangement makes furrow ditch and drain ditch meet original depth requirements, to reach draining, and the effect of control salt.
4. method as claimed in claim 1, process 7) in, Second Year jerusalem artichoke plant cover degree can reach 100%, is conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
5. method as claimed in claim 1, process 1) in, the furrow width in described dark drain ditch is 150cm, and ditch depth is 100cm, and the furrow width in described shallow drain ditch is 100cm, and ditch depth is 50cm.
6. method as claimed in claim 1, process 3) in, described plantation ditch, its furrow width is 30cm, and ditch depth is 20-30cm.
7. method as claimed in claim 1, process 4) in, the consumption of humic acid is generally 200kg/667 ㎡.
8. method as claimed in claim 1, process 3) in, the spacing of the jerusalem artichoke stem tuber in plantation ditch is 30cm.
9. method as claimed in claim 1, process 7) in, described less salt is that soil soluble salt content is less than 0.5%.
CN201510590455.8A 2015-09-16 2015-09-16 A kind of construction method of strand shale salt-soda soil jerusalem artichoke vegetation Expired - Fee Related CN105248067B (en)

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CN110122229A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-08-16 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 A kind of direct sowing of rice field planting method suitable for strand shallow lake slurry type aleuritic texture salt-soda soil
CN112293173A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-02 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 Method for planting suaeda salsa in facility of coastal muddy saline-alkali land and application of suaeda salsa in quality improvement and yield increase

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CN106047354A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Seepage-proof material containing locust bean gum and method for planting agave sisalana in saline-alkali soil by using same
CN106211846A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-12-14 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon
CN106211846B (en) * 2016-07-25 2018-06-29 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation
CN106888786A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-06-27 内蒙古民族大学 Jerusalem artichoke stem tuber method for planting under the conditions of one kind is saline and alkaline
CN107820763A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-03-23 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 One kind improves the infiltrative method of flour sand Muddy Bottoms soil
CN110122229A (en) * 2019-06-11 2019-08-16 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 A kind of direct sowing of rice field planting method suitable for strand shallow lake slurry type aleuritic texture salt-soda soil
CN112293173A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-02 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 Method for planting suaeda salsa in facility of coastal muddy saline-alkali land and application of suaeda salsa in quality improvement and yield increase

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