CN102301905B - Method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: A. arranging land, and building an elongated farmland or a raised field; B. irrigating and icing by salt water in winter; C. covering by a mulching film; D. culturing seedlings and transplanting; E. managing in a growth period; and F. harvesting when the beet is mature. According to a series of measures of arranging land, icing and irrigating by salt water in winter, melting and spraying by salt water in spring, covering by the mulching film, inhibiting salt, preserving soil moisture and the like, the salt content in soil of a beet root layer is lowered, and the beet can be guaranteed to normally grow. The method is simple to operate, has the advantages of low cost and obvious economic, social and ecological benefits, and is suitable to be applied in coastal saline-alkali zones; and by the method, the development of sugar manufacture and biological energy industry in China can be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource utilization and soil melioration technical field, especially in the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil.
Background technology
The soil alkaline arid is the principal element of restriction agricultural development, and traditional alkaline land improving mainly is the filling row measure realization of drenching salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable by fresh water.Because freshwater resources are deficient, the application of this measure is restricted.Particularly at Sea And Bohai Sea Coast, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu coastal saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize owing to lacking fresh water, and crop is difficult to growth.Yet although the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, salt water resources is abundant.
Formerly patent " utilizing the method in bitter natural freezing improvement the saline land " (patent No.: 200510012450.3) referring to the applicant, resources characteristic according to coastal region, invented and utilized the icing method of irrigating the improvement saline land of salt water a kind of winter, namely utilize salt water to freeze freeze thawing degree of saltiness moisture from principle, utilize in the winter time natural cooling source, utilize salt water to irrigate, form ice sheet at upper soll layer after irrigating, because the melting point of different salinity salt water ice is different, spring is along with temperature raises, the salt water of high concentration melts first first and infiltrates, the brackish water that melts afterwards is until the infiltrating of fresh water, surface soil salinity there is a leaching, reaches the purpose of upper soll layer desalination.But above-mentioned research does not provide the concrete operation method of the specific crop of plantation, because different plant habit is different, still need to explore the concrete plantation scheme that is suitable for Different Crop by lot of experiments on the basis of above-mentioned technology.
Beet is important sugar material and bio-energy crop in China of China, has the characteristics of Salt And Alkali Tolerance, at light moderate varieties in saline-alkali areas establishing in large scale.Because the heavy RS in Alkali Region soil salt content in strand is high, subterranean water level is shallow, salinity is high, and except some halophytess, general crop is difficult to survive.The beet seedling stage stage is relatively more responsive to salinity, and heavy RS in Alkali Region is that beet seedling stage is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is assurance beet normal growth in the strand.This patent has been invented the method in planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil on the basis of lot of experiments.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of method in planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, by consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt shower, plastic mulching presses down the series of measures such as salt soil moisture conservation, reduce the salt content of beet root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth of beet.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
The method of planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali, make the distance of bar field or raised fields ground and underground water be not less than 1m, build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet in little shed and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film hardening during height of seedling 3cm; Blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, then adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film, and planting system is to wait line-spacing to plant, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows 28-30cm, the 5500-6000 strain is counted in a mu strain, after planting, puts water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in whole vegetative period, guarantee the beet normal growth;
F, treat to gather when beet grows up to.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, on bar, raised fields, bury reed handle or the plastics blind pipe of diameter 10cm underground every 10m, buried depth 40cm, draining reed handle or plastics blind elbow length are buried rear two ends underground and are exposed in the drain ditch than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B, irrigate with little water first and freeze, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, grow seedlings in late March, transplant mid-May.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the kind of beet is that KWS1044 or bus are gloomy.
The beneficial effect that adopts technique scheme to produce is:
The beet seedling stage stage is relatively more responsive to salinity, heavy RS in Alkali Region is that beet seedling stage is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is assurance beet normal growth in the strand, Spring Plastic-film Tomato of the present invention covers measure, suppressed the moisture evaporation, reduce the soil salt Upward Migration, had the effect that presses down the salt soil moisture conservation, improved the saline land, guaranteed beet surviving and normal growth after transplanting, realized that the heavy RS in Alkali Region in strand improves then beet high yield then;
The present invention is by series of measures such as whole ground, the icing irrigation of salt water in winter, Spring Plastic-film Tomato covering, seedling raising and transplanting, cultivation managements, make the beet phase soil plough horizon moisture content of transplanting seedlings remain on 25-26%, and make beet transplant seedlings the phase and transplant seedlings after root region soil salt content in whole vegetative period be reduced to below 0.4%, the present invention is simple to operate, cost is low, be adapted at the coastal saline-alkali district and use, can promote the development of China's sugaring and Biological Energy Industry, have significant economy, society and ecological benefits;
The production test that 2008-2010 carries out shows that when mid-May, beet was transplanted, topsoil 20cm soil salt content was 0.25-0.38%, and soil moisture content is 25-26%, thereby has guaranteed the transplant survival of beet, and transplanting survival rate reaches 80-85%; Transplanting rear whole breeding time (mid-May-early November) of 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of beet; The per mu yield beet reaches 3.3 tons.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly by market to obtain.
Embodiment 1
The below is that the applicant is at the application example of planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil.This base is positioned at the Haixing County, Hebei province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 12.1 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, January mean temperature of air-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-19.9 ℃, 217 days frost-free seasons.Year, sunshine duration was 2718.8 hours, and average annual precipitation is 627.9mm, mainly concentrates on July～August, accounts for 74% of annual precipitation.This district belongs to littoral plain, and hypsography low-lying is smooth, and height above sea level 1.3-3.6m, soil are marine solonchak, and soil salt content is heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore more than 0.8%.Subterranean water level is shallow, and on average about 1 meter, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and salt content is at 7～20gL
-1
The method of planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading; Spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m; On bar, raised fields, bury the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground every 10m, buried depth 40cm, draining reed handle or plastics blind elbow length are buried rear two ends underground and are exposed in the drain ditch than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter are frozen: 5-15 day in January, daily mean temperature is stable to be lower than-5 ℃, and the extracting saline groundwater is irrigated, and the irrigation water salt content is 9.6-11.2g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; Concrete operation method freezes for irrigating with little water first, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: 1-5 day in March, melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil, in time utilize the 90-120cm mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: 25-28 day in March, select salt tolerant beet variety KWS1044 or bus gloomy, in little shed, to utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film hardening during height of seedling 3cm; 15-20 day in May, transplant thinning beet, blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, then adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film, planting system is to wait line-spacing to plant line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, several 550 strains of mu strain after planting, are put water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season late June, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wiping out and treating insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in whole vegetative period, mainly is the control to beet armyworm, guarantees the beet normal growth;
F, early November treat to gather when beet grows up to.
According to the method described above, 2008-2010, when mid-May, beet was transplanted, topsoil 20cm soil salt content was 0.25-0.38%, and soil moisture content is 25-26%, thereby has guaranteed the transplant survival of beet, and transplanting survival rate reaches 80-85%; Transplanting rear whole breeding time (mid-May-early November) of 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of beet; The per mu yield beet reaches 3.3 tons.And contrast transplanting time soil salt content reaches more than 1%, thereby beet can not survive and causes total crop failure after transplanting.By the present invention, successfully never plant in history the heavy RS in Alkali Region of plant and realized the beet high yield, for China's bioenergy and the sugaring industry development new raw material site, for this area increasing peasant income provide new way, the present invention has a extensive future.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the Single restriction condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (6)
1. the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, its characterization step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali, make the distance of bar field or raised fields ground and underground water be not less than 1m, build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; During concrete operations, irrigate with little water first and freeze, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet in little shed and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film hardening during height of seedling 3cm; Blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, then adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film, and planting system is to wait line-spacing to plant, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows 28-30cm, the 5500-6000 strain is counted in a mu strain, after planting, puts water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in whole vegetative period, guarantee the beet normal growth;
F, treat to gather when beet grows up to.
2. the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
3. the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
4. according to claim 2 or the method for 3 described planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soils, it is characterized in that: the reed handle of on bar, raised fields, burying diameter 10cm every 10m underground, buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or long 1 m of raised fields width, is buried length rear two ends underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
5. the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step D, grow seedlings in late March, transplant mid-May.
6. the method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the kind of beet is that KWS1044 or bus are gloomy.
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| CN108617448A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 铜仁学院 | A method of improving salt-soda soil Sugarbeet Quality and planting benefit |
| CN108668806A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-19 | 铜仁学院 | A method of it plants sweet sorghum in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta |
| CN111386783B (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2021-10-08 | 温州科技职业学院 | System and method for improving saline-alkali soil through functional zone aggregate |
| CN114855494A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 中岭环保有限公司 | Honeycomb paper for agricultural or ecological restoration, preparation method and product containing honeycomb paper |
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| CN1669684A (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2005-09-21 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Process for improving alkaline land utilizing bitter natural freezing |
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