CN105993805B - The construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard - Google Patents
The construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993805B CN105993805B CN201610494127.2A CN201610494127A CN105993805B CN 105993805 B CN105993805 B CN 105993805B CN 201610494127 A CN201610494127 A CN 201610494127A CN 105993805 B CN105993805 B CN 105993805B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction methods in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard, the main moisture-salt transport rule according to " salt is with water come salt is gone with water ", builds high ridge plantation row, reduce level of ground water, accumulation of the salinity in plantation row upper layer of soil is alleviated, using precipitation and the de- desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching point is irrigated, by carrying out magnetization treatment to irrigation water, promote Soil Desalting and improves soil nutrient availability, using plantation row ground mulching, inhibit evaporation from topsoil, mitigates accumulation of the salinity in plantation row topsoil.Compared with traditional extensive raised fields alkaline land improving technology, the method for the invention site preparation ridging construction is simple, soil salt discharge speed is fast, planting survival rate is high, orchard ventilation and penetrating light effect is good, and fruit tree growth is fast, and yield is high, quality is good, it is small to be truly realized investment, it is quick, it is at low cost, it is suitable for large-scale promotion application, is conducive to the development and utilization process for accelerating China's large area salt-soda soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree breeding fields, the specifically a kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard.
Background technique
Salt-soda soil is a type of salt aggregation soil, refers to that salinity contained by soil the inside influences the normal of plant
Growth, the formation of China's solonchak and saline alkal soil is related with the accumulation of sodium salt in soil and carbonate, thus saline and alkaline is generally inclined
Height, serious salt affected soil regional plant can hardly survive.Various saline-alkali soil are made in specific weather and Soil Hydrological
With lower formation, the essence formed is mainly the ease of solubility salt due to caused by soil evaporation and eluviation along soil vertical
Direction is redistributed, so that salinity be made to build up in upper soll layer., there is gas in the main reason for influencing saline-alkali soil formation
Time condition, edaphic condition and underground water irrigate water salinity, improperly farming irrigation method etc..Using high efficiency, low cost
Alkaline land improving technology, will accelerate the development and utilization process of China's saline alkali land resource, promote holding for China's economic society
The improvement of China's grain strategic security and ecological environment is realized in supervention exhibition.
Summary of the invention
It is whole the present invention provides a kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard to solve above-mentioned technical problem
Ground ridging construction is simple and small investment, soil salt discharge speed is fast, and planting survival rate is high, and orchard ventilation and penetrating light is good, fruit tree growth
Fastly, yield is high, and quality is good.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
Method is built in a kind of salt-soda soil high ridge orchard, is realized by following steps:
1) ridging: early winter or early spring play high ridge according to line-spacing 4.0m-6.0m along the north-south direction, in the ranks will be piled up in cultivation by soil
Row is planted, the high ridge culture row of the high 60cm in ridge, row spacing 1.5m-2.0m, the outer genesis low bank of earth between fields of high ridge row, wide 40cm, high 20cm are formed；
2) salt discharge: after ridging and plant after pour water respectively along high ridge culture row, until ponding depth 10cm more than, before pouring water
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater is accessed on aqueduct, promotes Soil Desalting, and orchard periphery will build perfect drainage system, it is ensured that
Rainy season level of ground water is controlled in 1.5m or less；
3) selection of seedling and plant: excellent variety nursery stock of the selection by the strong stock grafting of resistance, plant before germinateing, strain
It away from 2.0-4.0m, is done surely after plant, height 60cm-80cm；
4) it manages:
A, plant row cover grass: along tree row nurse crop stalk, thickness 20-30cm, improving straw mulching after plant and broad irrigation
Preceding to be cut into 5-10cm sections with chopper, annual the spring or early summer covers grass 1 time later；
B, bottom of trench sward rotary tillage in the ranks: bottom of trench natural grass in the ranks, season of growth rotary tillage twice, weeds are turned over and are buried
Earth increases soil organic matter content；
C is irrigated: laying water pipes, is laid with spray irrigation band along plant row, or be laid with dropper branch pipe, every plant of fruit tree is arranged 2
Water dropper, sprinkling irrigation in arid season every 10-15 days is primary, irrigates infiltration layer depth 60cm or more every time, and rainy season stops sprinkling irrigation；
D, fertilising: before falling leaves after annual autumn fruit harvesting or before spring germination, trench digging is applied decomposed between plant row strain
Organic fertilizer, every plant of application 25-50kg, depth 20-40cm, the season of growth respectively after germination to leaf stretching period and fruit expanding period,
In trees two sides, trench digging imposes urea or compound fertilizer, continuous top dressing 2-3 times, each every plant of 100g after heavy rain or before light rain.
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater is accessed before pouring water in the step 4) on aqueduct, it is effective to improve soil nutrient
Property, promote fruit tree growth.
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater in the step 2 uses DS-ADS-1600, at the agricultural magnetizing water in step 4)
It manages device and uses PP-ADS-600.
The moisture-salt transport rule of " salt comes with water, and salt is gone with water " builds high ridge plantation row, reduces level of ground water, mitigate
Accumulation of the salinity in plantation row upper layer of soil using precipitation and irrigates the de- desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching point, by carrying out at magnetization to irrigation water
Reason promotes Soil Desalting and improves soil nutrient availability, using plantation row ground mulching, inhibits evaporation from topsoil, mitigates
Accumulation of the salinity in plantation row topsoil.It is of the present invention compared with traditional extensive raised fields alkaline land improving technology
Method site preparation ridging construction is simple, soil salt discharge speed is fast, and planting survival rate is high, and orchard ventilation and penetrating light effect is good, fruit tree growth
Fastly, yield is high, and quality is good, and it is small to be truly realized investment, quick, at low cost, is suitable for large-scale promotion application, is conducive to accelerate
The development and utilization process in China large area salt-soda soil.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail combined with specific embodiments below:
A kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard, is realized by following steps:
1) ridging: early winter or early spring play high ridge according to line-spacing 4.0m-6.0m along the north-south direction, in the ranks will be piled up in cultivation by soil
Row is planted, the high ridge culture row of the high 60cm in ridge, row spacing 1.5m-2.0m, the outer genesis low bank of earth between fields of high ridge row, wide 40cm, high 20cm are formed；
2) salt discharge: after ridging and plant after pour water respectively along high ridge culture row, until ponding depth 10cm more than, before pouring water
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater is accessed on aqueduct, it is preferred to use DS-ADS-1600 promotes Soil Desalting；Orchard periphery will repair
Build perfect drainage system, it is ensured that rainy season level of ground water is controlled in 1.5m or less；
3) selection of seedling and plant: excellent variety nursery stock of the selection by the strong stock grafting of resistance, plant before germinateing, strain
It away from 2.0-4.0m, is done surely after plant, height 60cm-80cm；
4) it manages:
A, plant row cover grass: along tree row nurse crop stalk, thickness 20-30cm, improving straw mulching after plant and broad irrigation
Preceding to be cut into 5-10cm sections with chopper, annual the spring or early summer covers grass 1 time later；
B, bottom of trench sward rotary tillage in the ranks: bottom of trench natural grass in the ranks, season of growth rotary tillage twice, weeds are turned over and are buried
Earth increases soil organic matter content；
C is irrigated: laying water pipes, is laid with spray irrigation band along plant row；Or it is laid with dropper branch pipe, every plant of fruit tree is arranged 2
Water dropper；Sprinkling irrigation in arid season every 10-15 days is primary, irrigates infiltration layer depth 60cm or more every time, rainy season stops sprinkling irrigation, before pouring water
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater is accessed on aqueduct, it is preferred to use PP-ADS-600 improves soil nutrient availability, promotes fruit
Tree growth；
D, fertilising: before falling leaves after annual autumn fruit harvesting or before spring germination, trench digging is applied decomposed between plant row strain
Organic fertilizer, every plant of application 25-50kg, depth 20-40cm, the season of growth respectively after germination to leaf stretching period and fruit expanding period,
In trees two sides, trench digging imposes urea or compound fertilizer, continuous top dressing 2-3 times, each every plant of 100g after heavy rain or before light rain.
Apply the present invention to build Fuji apple orchard, the region in Delta Region of The Yellow River salt-soda soil state farm
For Bohai Rim strand monsoon weather, 12.4 DEG C of samming, annual precipitation 592mm of year, sunshine time 2607h, annual earth's surface steaming
Hair amount 2030mm.Trial zone is the apple orchard that the farm is plantation cotton field reconstruction for many years, and the soil texture is silty soil, dry season
Lower water level 6-8m, arable layer spring soil salt content 0.41-0.72%, phreatic water salt content 0.47%.Spring in 2014 into
Row high ridge site preparation, the high 60cm in ridge, row spacing 1.6m.Rich No. 6 red fuji apples of 2 years raw cigarettes are transplanted, stock is hupehensis Rehd, intermediate stock
Wood is M26, is control with the plant of level land low ridge and raised fields site preparation (long 120m, wide 80m).Transplant line-spacing 4.0m, spacing in the rows 2.0m.
Technical application effect see the table below.
Table salt-soda soil high ridge site preparation Soil Desalting and fruit tree growth result situation
Note: (1) broad irrigation refers to 2 irrigations after site preparation and plant；
(2) soil salt content refers in row in October 20cm soil salt content between strain；
(3) planting survival rate refers to survey data before plant 10 last ten-days period of current year fallen leaves；
(4) raised fields site preparation refers to graded width 60-100m, length 100-200m, surrounding cutting depth 3-5m gutter
Land preparation mode；Level land low ridge land preparation mode, which refers to, has gone height along plant as 20-30cm low ridge.
After the technology of the present invention is applied in the Fuji apple orchard, unit area reduces investment 55% compared with raised fields site preparation, saves desalination
1 times of fresh water or more, Root Distribution layer Soil Desalting rate improves 32%, and site preparation current year Fuji apple orchard planting survival rate improves 68%
More than, triennial young garden tree height, trunk diameter, hat width and leaf area index are respectively increased 116%, 134%, 82%, 184%, fruiting rate
Improve 3.1 times.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention, and in other tree species or
Application in crop, also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard, which is characterized in that realized by following steps:
Ridging: early winter or early spring play high ridge according to line-spacing 4.0m-6.0m along the north-south direction, in the ranks will be piled up in plant row by soil,
Form the high ridge culture row of the high 60cm in ridge, row spacing 1.5m-2.0m, the outer genesis low bank of earth between fields of high ridge row, wide 40cm, high 20cm；
Salt discharge: pouring water along high ridge culture row respectively after ridging and after plant, until more than ponding depth 10cm, in water-supply-pipe before pouring water
Agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater is accessed on road, promotes Soil Desalting, and orchard periphery will build perfect drainage system, it is ensured that rainy season
Lower water level control is in 1.5m or less；
Selection of seedling and plant: excellent variety nursery stock of the selection by the strong stock grafting of resistance, plant before germinateing, spacing in the rows 2.0-
4.0m is done surely after plant, height 60cm-80cm；
Management:
Plant row covers grass: edge tree row nurse crop stalk after plant and broad irrigation, thickness 20-30cm, with hand hay cutter before improving straw mulching
Knife is cut into 5-10cm sections, and annual the spring or early summer covers grass 1 time later；
Bottom of trench sward rotary tillage in the ranks: bottom of trench natural grass in the ranks, season of growth rotary tillage twice, weeds are turned over into soil, are increased
Soil organic matter content；
Irrigate: laying water pipes are laid with spray irrigation band along plant row, or are laid with dropper branch pipe, and 2 drops are arranged altogether in trees two sides
Head, sprinkling irrigation in arid season every 10-15 days is primary, irrigates infiltration layer depth 60cm or more every time, and rainy season stops sprinkling irrigation；
Fertilising: before falling leaves after annual autumn fruit harvesting or before spring germination, trench digging is applied decomposed organic between plant row strain
Fertilizer, every plant of application 25-50kg, depth 20-40cm；The season of growth is respectively after germination to leaf stretching period and fruit expanding period, Yu great
Trench digging imposes urea or compound fertilizer, continuous top dressing 2-3 times, each every plant of 100g after rain or in trees two sides before light rain.
2. a kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the irrigation step
In pour water before on aqueduct access agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater, improve soil nutrient availability, promote fruit tree growth.
3. a kind of construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the salt discharge step
In agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater use DS-ADS-1600, irrigate step in agricultural magnetizing hydrotreater use PP-ADS-
600。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610494127.2A CN105993805B (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | The construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard |
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| CN105993805B true CN105993805B (en) | 2019-02-01 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106561402A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-04-19 | 鞍山绿泰佳葡萄主题公园有限公司 | Cultivation method for grapes with magnetic water for irrigation |
| CN106717939A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Zhejiang area salt-soda soil FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China and fruit of Chinese magnoliavine miscegenation |
| CN106613673A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Planting method of red bayberry trees |
| CN106818116A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-06-13 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China is planted in Zhejiang area salt-soda soil |
| CN107926449A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-20 | 刘占贵 | Play the technology of high ridge plantation lycium ruthenicum in a kind of salt-soda soil |
| CN114027078B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-07-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Arbor fruit tree planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN114532134A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-27 | 塔里木大学 | Trunk fruiting type orchard furrow irrigation water-saving management method |
| CN114557226A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-31 | 塔里木大学 | Water-saving method for planting grass in orchard by furrow irrigation with fruiting trunk |
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