CN103988702A - Tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method - Google Patents
Tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988702A CN103988702A CN201410247971.6A CN201410247971A CN103988702A CN 103988702 A CN103988702 A CN 103988702A CN 201410247971 A CN201410247971 A CN 201410247971A CN 103988702 A CN103988702 A CN 103988702A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method. The method comprises the steps that soil preparation is carried out in a conventional mode, and base fertilizer is applied sufficiently; earthing towards the center along fertilization furrows is carried out after fertilization to form planting ridges which are about 0.6 m wide and 0.10 m to 0.15 m high; the planting ridges of tea lines are covered with black mulching films flatly and tightly before tea seedlings are transplanted; black polyethylene blow molding agricultural films which are good in toughness, ageing resistant and good in shading effect are requested, the thickness of the films is 0.015 mm to 0.020 mm, the width is 0.8 m to 0.9 m, and the using amount of the mulching films is 5 to 6 kg in net weight per mu; tea seedling transplanting, seedling management, weeding, prevention and cure of diseases and pests and topdressing are carried out; the mulching films are recycled. The tea seedling black film mulching cultivation method can improve the survival rate of newly planted tea seedlings, tea gardens can be formed ahead of time for benefit acquiring, fertilizer and water can be utilized efficiently, weeds, the diseases and the insect pests can be controlled effectively, the investment of labor force and production management can be reduced, and production cost can be lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to culture technique field, relate in particular to a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method.
Background technology
The tea place of planting is at present built, and requires according to the tea shoot planting technology of specification: need excavation 50 × 50 ㎝ kinds to plant ditch, apply high-quality base fertilizer, after backfill mellow soil, carry out tea shoot transplanting, after transplanting, strengthen rich water quality management, intertill and clean tillage, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
But this method there will be following problem in newly-built tea place, Karst Mountain Areas, is mainly manifested in: one, ground, newly-built tea place, mountain area plough horizon, generally in 30cm left and right, does not possess the objective condition of technical requirement; Two, the follow-up management such as newly-built tea place artificial weeding, fertilising need drop into the quantity of labour force is large, technical ability is high, causes production cost to improve constantly, and is difficult to according to technical requirement enforcement of regulations; Three, the disaster such as arid, damage by disease and insect is serious; Four, the agricultural production infrastructure such as irrigation, road be there are certain requirements, tea place standardization production management difficulty is larger.These restrictive conditions cause newly-built tea shoot survival rate low, weed in tea garden overgrowing, and tea shoot normal growth is seriously obstructed, and one-tenth garden, tea place is slow, deficiency in economic performance, tea grower takes in minimizing, the numerous tea growers' enthusiasm for production of grievous injury, sustainable development is subject to very big impact.
Summary of the invention
The one that the object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and provide can improve planting tea shoot survival rate, do sth. in advance into garden and take effect, efficiently utilize rich water, effectively disease and pest control, reduce labour and production management and drop into, the tea shoot black film mulching and planting method reducing production costs.
A kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely: in the usual way;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient in the usual way, taking depot fertilizer as main;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, claps and makes real ridge face;
(4) overlay film:
Black film quality requirement: fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, thickness 0.015～0.020mm, width 0.8～0.9m, good shading effect, every mu of consumption is that (poor, the easy aging breakage of film toughness that mulch film is too thin or regenerated plastics are made, loses effect contaminated environment simultaneously to 5-6 kilograms of net weight; Blocked up, the wide cost of mulch film is high causes unnecessary waste);
The overlay film time: tea shoot is good by plastic mulching before transplanting, as ground moistening can put behind tea shoot plantation ridge overlay film immediately in order; As antecedent soil moisture, when after selection rain, soil moisture is abundant, cover;
Film mulching method: mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, and both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
Transplanting time: after annual October to monthly transplanting of next year 3.High and cold mountain area is avoided severe cold and is transplanted;
Seedling is selected: select to adapt to the tea tree breed of local climate condition and made teas, seedling quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, and tea shoot specification is basically identical;
Transplanting method: rupture of membranes is beaten implantation hole, implants tea shoot, and firmly compacting root, inserts fine earth until mulch film cut is all sealed;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: the tea place final-period management of plastic-film-covered cultivation is mainly the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director, meanwhile, in conjunction with tea place interplanting, removes the weeds that large tea is capable with rotovator;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 20-30 of every mu of consumptions, change once for 3 months;
Topdress: after tea shoot survives, topdress winter next year, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
Tea shoot degree of viability was crossed after 2 summers, in conjunction with tea garden management, and manual recovery mulch film.
Above-mentioned a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method, wherein: in (1) the whole ground of step, easily the low-lying land of ponding is held gutter successfully, while preventing that rainfall from concentrating, ponding causes damage caused by waterlogging;
Plantation specification is selected: adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, middle leaflet kind: wide row space 1.60～1.80m, and little line-spacing 0.40m～0.45m, clump are apart from 0.30m～0.35m; Large leaf: wide row space 1.70～2.00m, little line-spacing 0.45m～0.50m, clump are apart from 0.35m～0.40m.
Above-mentioned a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method, wherein: (2) step fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, general every 667m
2execute purity nitrogen 8kg～12kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate ratio are 2:2:1 or 2:1.5:1; Execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg, virgin land heavy base fertilizer application;
Fertilization mode: adopt ditching-fertilizing, the about 0.30m of furrow width, dark approximately 0.3 m; The good soil of dry land of opposed flattened adopts stay cord trench digging, taking rope as center line, and the about 0.2m place trench digging on both sides; Virgin land, according to landform trench digging (relatively directly), applies base fertilizer in ditch.
Above-mentioned a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method, wherein: transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 5 to 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent tea shoot of 2 strains, righting is inserted and is loosened the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; Foot " normal root water " is watered in the tea district that has ready conditions after transplanting completes; Cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with seacteur.
The present invention compared with prior art, has obvious beneficial effect, as can be known from the above technical solutions: the present invention is reached and improved tea garden in mountainous area soil cultivation layer thickness by ridging, improves preserving soil moisture ability.Cover realization " three protect three prevents " by black film, i.e. insulation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, insect protected, diseases prevention, anti-weeds, to improve planting tea place production efficiency; The solar radiation of black plastic efficient absorption is also preserved heat, thereby improves temperature under low temperature season film and reach the effect of insulation; Black film can reduce moisture evaporation and loss under film, and arid season heat distributes to tea shoot root mulch film cut, drives steam under film to assemble to tea shoot, reaches water conservation drought resisting effect; Black film can reduce nutriment in a fertilizer volatilization and loss under film, and available fertilizer composition is assembled to tea shoot with moisture, thereby plays the effect of fertilizer conservation; Isolate by black film, burying and survive the winter in minimizing worm source, effectively controls worm source quantity; Isolate by black film, effectively control soil-borne disease; Black film keeps the sun off, and effectively suppresses the capable interior weed growth of tea.Simultaneously by specification black film quality standard, reach and improve black film and suppress weed growth effect, extend mulch film service life, reduce plastic pollution.Reach and make tea shoot plantation specification standardization and standardization by black film mulching plant.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method (used in paddy field planting tea place in 2012, level land overlay film, previous crops paddy rice), comprises the following steps:
(1) whole ground: on December 10th, 2011, turn over plough, plough and harrow intending newly-built tea place and carrying out the degree of depth; Before removing, the stake of stubble paddy rice, weeds, foreign material etc., keep loosing soil, in small, broken bits; Open gutter, prevent rainfall concentrate time ponding cause damage caused by waterlogging;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, by every 667m
2execute 50 kilograms of Western composite fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%), amount to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium amount of application and be 7.5 kilograms; Execute high-quality fertile 1000 kilograms of the cattle pen that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Fertilization mode: adopt stay cord trench digging, taking rope as center line, the about 0.2m place trench digging on both sides, furrow width 0.30m, dark 0.3 m; In ditch, apply base fertilizer;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, pats ridge face with scoop, makes to keep smooth;
(4) overlay film:
After ridging, adopt immediately artificial film mulching method, mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting.Mulch film is customized thickness 0.02mm, and width 0.8m is fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, good shading effect, and every mu of consumption is 6 kilograms of net weight;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
Transplant on December 21st, 2011, select Shiqian tongue tea cuttage seeding, tea shoot quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, the average 0.35m of height of seedling, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.003m.Adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, wide row space 1.80m, little line-spacing 0.40m, clump are apart from 0.35m;
Transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent tea shoot of 2 strains, righting is inserted and is loosened the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; After transplanting, cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with shrub and hedge trimmer;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: 4 the middle ten days in 2012, the large capable interplanting of tea vegetables, turn over plough with rotovator, remove wherein weeds, meanwhile, the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 30 of every mu of consumptions;
Topdress: in November, 2012, carry out winter management, remove vegetables undesirable root in the ranks, impose tea place fertilizer special for organic by 50 kgs/acre of standards, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
In September, 2013, in conjunction with tea garden management, manual recovery mulch film, the mulch film rate of recovery 100%, noresidue is polluted.
comparative example 1
A kind of tea shoot cultivation method uses (level land is overlay film not) in paddy field planting tea place in December, 2011, previous crops paddy rice, and implementation step is without embodiment 1 (4), (7) step, and all the other are with embodiment 1.
embodiment 2
A kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method (in 2012 at not ladderization arid hillside field planting tea place use, hillside fields overlay film), previous crops corn, comprises the following steps:
(1) whole ground: on December 11st, 2011, turn over plough, plough and harrow intending newly-built tea place and carrying out the degree of depth in a traditional way; Before removing, the stake of stubble corn, weeds, Chai Gen, foreign material etc., keep loosing soil, in small, broken bits;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, by every 667m
2execute 50 kilograms of Western composite fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%), amount to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium amount of application and be 7.5 kilograms; Execute high-quality fertile 1000 kilograms of the cattle pen that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Fertilization mode: manually open plantation ditch along hillside horizontal direction, wide 0.30m, dark 0.3 m; In ditch, apply base fertilizer;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, pats ridge face with scoop, makes to keep smooth;
(4) overlay film:
On December 22nd, 2011, adopts artificial film mulching method, and mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, and both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting.Mulch film is customized thickness 0.02mm, and width 0.8m is fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, good shading effect, and every mu of consumption is 6 kilograms of net weight;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
On December 22nd, 2011 transplants, and selects Shiqian tongue tea cuttage seeding, and tea shoot quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, the average 0.35m of height of seedling, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.003m.Adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, wide row space 1.80m, little line-spacing 0.40m, clump are apart from 0.35m;
Transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 5 to 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent tea shoot of 2 strains, righting is inserted and is loosened the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; After transplanting, cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with shrub and hedge trimmer;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: 2 the middle ten days in 2012, the large capable interplanting of tea potato, manually turns over plough, removes wherein weeds, mid-April, potato is carried out to intertill and clean tillage, the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 30 of every mu of consumptions;
Topdress: in November, 2012, carry out winter management, remove inter-row weed, impose tea place fertilizer special for organic by 50 kgs/acre of standards, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
In September, 2013, in conjunction with tea garden management, manual recovery mulch film, the mulch film rate of recovery 100%, noresidue is polluted.
comparative example 2
A kind of tea shoot cultivation method (hillside fields group was without film in 2012), without embodiment 2 (4), (7) step, all the other are with embodiment 2.
Above-mentioned test in 2012 carried out in Pingshan township, Shiqian County, and the current year, tea shoot growing period rainwater was evenly distributed, and without special climatic damage, tea shoot growth is normal.
Above-mentioned test adopts with field comparative trial, divide Ping Di Zu ﹙ Han Tian ﹚ and hillside fields Zu ﹙ Po Tu ﹚, all establish plastic-film-covered cultivation and not 2 processing of plastic-film-covered cultivation, taking the latter as contrast (CK), each processing community area 20 ㎡ (5m × 4m), each processing repeats for 3 times, trial level is consistent, in tea is capable, does not intertill management, the large tea row interplant of level land group vegetables, the large tea row interplant of hillside fields group potato, by farming intertillage management; Tea shoot is not pruned branch.At the beginning of 9 months, record total strain number in experimental plot, survive number, be calculated to be motility rate; 1 meter of sample section is randomly drawed in each community, measures in sample section all plant height, the number of blade, branch amount, the branch overall length of tea shoots and overhead 3 centimeters canes are thick, calculates the average increment of tea shoot; Result of the test is listed in the table below:
Two groups of overlay films are transplanted tea shoot average survivals 93.09%, improve survival rate 21.22% than film-covering planting not; Film-covering planting tea shoot current increment obviously improves, wherein: average plant height 51.76 ㎝, improve 21.65 ㎝ compared with CK, 83 of the average numbers of blade, many 44 than CK, 9.67 of branch amounts, compared with many 5.67 of CK, branch overall length 76 ㎝, compared with long 36.74 ㎝ of CK, thick 4.92 ㎝ of liftoff 3 ㎝ place stem stalk, compared with thick 1.46 ㎝ of CK.Black film covers suppressing under film weed growth very obvious, and in the little tea of film-covering planting is capable, except tea shoot root and other black film cut places have a small amount of weeds, all the other places are all without weeds.The capable interior various weed growths of the tea of film-covering planting are not swift and violent, cover tea shoot and cause tea shoot normal growth to be obstructed.
embodiment 3
A kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method (used in paddy field planting tea place in 2013, level land overlay film, previous crops paddy rice), comprises the following steps:
(1) whole ground: on November 22nd, 2012, turn over plough, plough and harrow intending newly-built tea place and carrying out the degree of depth; Before removing, the stake of stubble paddy rice, weeds, foreign material etc., keep loosing soil, in small, broken bits; Open gutter, prevent rainfall concentrate time ponding cause damage caused by waterlogging;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, by every 667m
2execute 50 kilograms of Western composite fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%), amount to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium amount of application and be 7.5 kilograms; Execute high-quality fertile 1000 kilograms of the cattle pen that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Fertilization mode: adopt stay cord trench digging, taking rope as center line, the about 0.2m place trench digging on both sides, furrow width 0.30m, dark 0.3 m; In ditch, apply base fertilizer;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, pats ridge face with scoop, makes to keep smooth;
(4) overlay film:
After ridging, adopt artificial film mulching method, mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting.Mulch film is the thickness 0.018mm of customization, and width 0.9m is fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, good shading effect, and every mu of consumption is 6 kilograms of net weight;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
Transplant on November 28th, 2012, select Shiqian tongue tea cuttage seeding, tea shoot quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, the average 0.35m of height of seedling, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.003m.Adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, wide row space 1.80m, little line-spacing 0.40m, clump are apart from 0.35m;
Transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 5 to 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent tea shoot of 2 strains, righting is inserted and is loosened the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; After transplanting, cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with shrub and hedge trimmer;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: 4 the middle ten days in 2013, the large capable interplant of bean of tea, peanut, turn over plough with rotovator, removes wherein weeds, meanwhile, the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 30 of every mu of consumptions;
Topdress: in November, 2013, carry out winter management, remove corn undesirable root in the ranks, impose tea place fertilizer special for organic by 50 kgs/acre of standards, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
Intend in September, 2014, in conjunction with tea garden management, manual recovery mulch film, accomplishes the mulch film rate of recovery 100%, and noresidue is polluted.
comparative example 3
A kind of tea shoot cultivation method uses (level land is overlay film not) in paddy field planting tea place in November, 2012, previous crops paddy rice, and implementation step is without embodiment 1 (4), (7) step, and all the other are with embodiment 1.
embodiment 4
A kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method used (hillside fields overlay film), previous crops corn in ladder arid hillside field planting tea place in 2013.Comprise the following steps:
(1) whole ground: on December 3rd, 2012, turn over plough, plough and harrow intending newly-built tea place and carrying out the degree of depth in a traditional way; Before removing, the stake of stubble corn, weeds, Chai Gen, foreign material etc., keep loosing soil, in small, broken bits;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, by every 667m
2execute 50 kilograms of Western composite fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%), amount to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium amount of application and be 7.5 kilograms; Execute high-quality fertile 1000 kilograms of the cattle pen that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Fertilization mode: manually open plantation ditch along hillside horizontal direction, wide 0.30m, dark 0.3 m; In ditch, apply base fertilizer;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, pats ridge face with scoop, makes to keep smooth;
(4) overlay film:
On December 3rd, 2012, adopts artificial film mulching method, and mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, and both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting.Mulch film is the thickness 0.018mm of customization, and width 0.9m is fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, good shading effect, and every mu of consumption is 6 kilograms of net weight;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
On December 3rd, 2012 transplants, and selects Shiqian tongue tea cuttage seeding, and tea shoot quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, the average 0.35m of height of seedling, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 0.003m.Adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, wide row space 1.80m, little line-spacing 0.40m, clump are apart from 0.35m;
Transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 5 to 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent tea shoot of 2 strains, righting is inserted and is loosened the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; After transplanting, cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with shrub and hedge trimmer;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: 4 the first tenday period of a month in 2013, the large capable interplanting corn of tea, turns over plough with rotovator, removes wherein weeds, late April, corn is carried out to intertill and clean tillage, the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 30 of every mu of consumptions;
Topdress: in November, 2012, carry out winter management, remove inter-row weed, impose tea place fertilizer special for organic by 50 kgs/acre of standards, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
Intend in September, 2014, in conjunction with tea garden management, manual recovery mulch film, accomplishes the mulch film rate of recovery 100%, and noresidue is polluted.
comparative example 4
A kind of tea shoot cultivation method (hillside fields group was without film in 2013), without embodiment 2 (4), (7) step, all the other are with embodiment 2.
Above-mentioned test in 2013 carried out in Dragon Well tea township, Shiqian County, meets with in 6-August of the current year and continues 55 days high temperature and drought weather, and arid is serious, and in county, planting tea shoot is dead because of arid, and normal growth is seriously obstructed.
Divide Ping Di Zu ﹙ Han Tian ﹚ and hillside fields Zu ﹙ Po Tu ﹚ with field comparative trial, all establish plastic-film-covered cultivation and not 2 processing of plastic-film-covered cultivation, taking the latter as CK, each processing community area 20 ㎡ (5m × 4m), each processing repeats for 3 times, and trial level is consistent, in tea is capable, do not intertill management, the large tea row interplant of level land group soybean, peanut, the large tea row interplant of hillside fields group corn, by farming intertillage management; Tea shoot is not pruned branch.At the beginning of 9 months, record total strain number in experimental plot, survive number, be calculated to be motility rate; 1 meter of sample section is randomly drawed in each community, measures in sample section all plant height, the number of blade, branch amount, the branch overall length of tea shoots and overhead 3 centimeters canes are thick, calculates the average increment of tea shoot; Result of the test is listed in the table below:
Two groups of overlay films are transplanted tea shoot average survivals 94.48%, improve survival rate 42.4% than film-covering planting not; Film-covering planting tea shoot current increment obviously improves, wherein: average plant height 49.74 ㎝, improve 19.75 ㎝ compared with CK, 84.87 of the average numbers of blade, many 49.87 than CK, 9.22 of branch amounts, many 5.5 compared with CK, branch overall length 68.88 ㎝, compared with long 31.02 ㎝ of CK, thick 4.56 ㎝ of liftoff 3 ㎝ place stem stalk, compared with thick 1.36 ㎝ of CK.Black film covers suppressing under film weed growth very obvious, and in the little tea of film-covering planting is capable, except tea shoot root and other black film cut places have a small amount of weeds, all the other places are all without weeds.The capable interior various weed growths of the tea of film-covering planting are not swift and violent, cover tea shoot and cause tea shoot normal growth to be obstructed.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, any technical solution of the present invention content that do not depart from, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification above embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a tea shoot black film mulching and planting method, comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely: in the usual way;
(2) fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient in the usual way, taking depot fertilizer as main;
(3) ridging: after fertilising, along dressing furrow to center earthing, cover fertilizer and form wide about 0.6m, the plantation ridge of high 0.10～0.15m, removes ridge face bulk foreign material and soil block, claps and makes real ridge face;
(4) overlay film:
Black film quality requirement: fine quality, good toughness, aging-resistant black polyethylene blow molding agricultural film, thickness 0.015～0.020mm, width 0.8～0.9m, good shading effect, every mu of consumption is 5-6 kilograms of net weight;
The overlay film time: tea shoot is good by plastic mulching before transplanting, as ground moistening can put behind tea shoot plantation ridge overlay film immediately in order; As antecedent soil moisture, when after selection rain, soil moisture is abundant, cover;
Film mulching method: mulch film is entirely covered on the plantation ridge that tea is capable, and both sides respectively stay 0.1～0.15m for earthing compacting;
(5) tea shoot is transplanted
Transplanting time: after annual October,, to monthly transplanting of next year 3, high and cold mountain area is avoided severe cold and transplanted;
Seedling is selected: select to adapt to the tea tree breed of local climate condition and made teas, seedling quality meets 1,2 grade standards that specify in GB11767, and tea shoot specification is basically identical;
Transplanting method: rupture of membranes is beaten implantation hole, implants tea shoot, and firmly compacting root, inserts fine earth until mulch film cut is all sealed;
(6) seedling management
Weeding: the tea place final-period management of plastic-film-covered cultivation is mainly the weeds that manual removal tea shoot root goes out from black film cut director, meanwhile, in conjunction with tea place interplanting, removes the weeds that large tea is capable with rotovator;
Diseases and pests controlling: use Yellow sticky trap, 20-30 of every mu of consumptions, change once for 3 months;
Topdress: after tea shoot survives, topdress winter next year, excavating mulch film from tea shoot root 10cm place, apply after fertilizer, cut is real with grave;
(7) mulch film reclaims
Tea shoot degree of viability was crossed after 2 summers, in conjunction with tea garden management, and manual recovery mulch film.
2. a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in (1) the whole ground of step, easily the low-lying land of ponding is held gutter successfully, while preventing that rainfall from concentrating, ponding causes damage caused by waterlogging;
Plantation specification is selected: adopt the two strains of duplicate rows to transplant, middle leaflet kind: wide row space 1.60～1.80m, and little line-spacing 0.40m～0.45m, clump are apart from 0.30m～0.35m; Large leaf: wide row space 1.70～2.00m, little line-spacing 0.45m～0.50m, clump are apart from 0.35m～0.40m.
3. a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: (2) step fertilising: the disposable base fertilizer that uses sufficient, taking depot fertilizer as main;
Fertilizing amount: inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer collocation are used, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance fertilising, general every 667m
2execute purity nitrogen 8kg～12kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate ratio are 2:2:1 or 2:1.5:1; Execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 1000～1500kg, virgin land heavy base fertilizer application;
Fertilization mode: adopt ditching-fertilizing, the about 0.30m of furrow width, dark approximately 0.3 m; The good soil of dry land of opposed flattened adopts stay cord trench digging, taking rope as center line, and the about 0.2m place trench digging on both sides; Virgin land, according to landform trench digging (relatively directly), applies base fertilizer in ditch.
4. a kind of tea shoot black film mulching and planting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: transplanting method: with 1000-2000 times of solution of root-inducing powder dilution, add the dense thickened drilling fluid of yellow mud furnishing, tea shoot root is soaked 5 to 15 minutes, and it is for subsequent use to dip in full mud; On plantation ridge, on mulch film, make a call to a diameter 10cm with wooden stick, card punch or the puncher of spud, diameter 5cm, the implantation hole of the about 15cm of the degree of depth, put into the healthy and strong consistent making beating tea shoot righting of 2 strains, insert and loosen the soil, when banketing when not revealing fibrous root, carry tea shoot with have gentle hands, root system is unfolded naturally, then compacting root firmly, plants after good and inserts fine earth with hoe until mulch film cut is all sealed; Foot " normal root water " is watered in the tea district that has ready conditions after transplanting completes; Cut off the above part of liftoff 0.15m～0.20m with seacteur.
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| CN105638357A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 王虎琴 | Tea garden free of weeding and plowing |
| CN106386311A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-02-15 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for suppressing growth advantage of accompanying plant of wild rice |
| CN106857145A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-20 | 湖南麓园银杏产业开发有限公司 | A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo section fertilizer exempts careless cultural method |
| CN107094580A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-08-29 | 四川农业大学 | It is a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation |
| CN107494134A (en) * | 2017-09-03 | 2017-12-22 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of film-covering planting method built suitable for new tea place |
| CN110326497A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-15 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of bastardtoadflaxlike swallowwort herb and fruit container seedling method for planting and application apparatus |
| CN112005802A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所 | Method for quickly building tea garden in alpine mountain area |
| CN111802168A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-10-23 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Hillside tea garden weed suppression film covering cultivation method |
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