CN105993262B - The cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope - Google Patents
The cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993262B CN105993262B CN201610346666.1A CN201610346666A CN105993262B CN 105993262 B CN105993262 B CN 105993262B CN 201610346666 A CN201610346666 A CN 201610346666A CN 105993262 B CN105993262 B CN 105993262B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Abstract
The cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope, comprises the following steps：（1）The southeast is selected domatic to be used as objective for implementation to gentle slope is cellular in purple mound Gang Qu；（2）In the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, operation band is marked, domatic is in some horizontal stripes；（3）0.4 0.6m is stayed not cultivate below every operation band multiple, it is other to cultivate again；（4）Multiple with reference to cultivating, the abolishment of partial cell shape hole, the digging of partial cell shape hole is big, and hole bottom chorizon deep-cuts a hoe and applies one layer of organic fertilizer；（5）Gutter is excavated in the top of every cultivation band, and 1 low bank of earth between fields is built in a certain distance ditch, ditching acts the soil and is used to fill and lead up useless hole, and organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are sprinkling upon the native table banked up by heap around jujube cave to be planted；（6）Transplanting jujube in hole；（7）The outer kind Chinese alpine rush in hole；（8）Gardenful broadcasts sowing butch clover.The difficulty that can make full use of a large amount of waste nothing in purple soil distributed area using the present invention utilizes soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cellular domatic tree-grass complex in purple mound hilllock to plant Efficient utilization method, more particularly, to
A kind of cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope.
Background technology
Purple soil is distributed widely in Low hills and mounds and the valley plain surrounding area in all basins of south China, the number Sichuan Basin
Distribution is concentrated：Soil-forming rock is mostly the Cretaceous period and Tertiary Period terrestrial facies or gyittja material（Purple Shale, purple mud rock, purple
Sandstone）, the attitude of rocks is in layered arrangement with shale, mud stone and sandstone mostly.
The main composition of mud stone and shale is grey matter Mudstone minerals matter and kaolinite, feldspar of easy-weathering etc., and sandstone is then
Mainly by the quartz mine material composition of extremely difficult weathering, thus the composition granular size of three kinds of rocks is different, intergranular pore size
It is different, cause variant on three kinds of Rock Specific Gravities and water absorbing properties, roughly, mud, shale are due to the fine crack in joint hair
To educate, be easy to sticking moisture, sandstone particle is thick, and moisture easily penetrates into, also easy to lose, so, under equal conditions, either naturally
Moisture content or Maximum moisture capacity are both less than mud, shale（Taken temperature from natural water-bearing, mud stone 8.26%, shale 8.24%, sandstone is
5.9%）, thus the detrition speed of mud, shale, sandstone are most slow.
Due to the weathering speed difference of sandstone, shale, purple rock area is caused cellular erosion occur.Penck is defined
The cellular cave of sandstone, cellular cave of the diameter more than 0.5m is called Tafoni, and be referred to as Alveoles less than 0.5m；
Soukis etc. thinks that the origin cause of formation in the cellular cave of sandstone is based on chemical weathering, physical weathering（Eolian erosion）For
It is auxiliary；Evelpidou etc. proposes that the chemical weathering origin cause of formation in cellular cave is the kaolinization and migration of element of feldspar, such as black clouds
The migration of iron ion in mother.
Square, the circular pit group of the cellular erosion in purple mound hilllock gentle slope, cheat deep 50~100cm, and hole bottom is loose female
Rock, it is domatic based on shrub, there are face erosion and local rill erosion, but thicker soil (＞ 30cm), there is agricultural use value.
Utilized about the cellular domatic agriculture forest and husbandry in purple mound hilllock gentle slope and still belong to blank at present.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of cellular domatic tree-grass complex kind in purple mound hilllock gentle slope
Efficient utilization method is planted, to fill up the blank that the cellular domatic agriculture forest and husbandry in purple mound hilllock gentle slope utilizes.Utilize the present invention, energy
Make full use of the difficulty of a large amount of waste nothing in purple soil distributed area to utilize soil, alleviate the people ground contradiction of purple soil area.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：The cellular domatic woods grass in purple mound hilllock gentle slope is multiple
Plantation Efficient utilization method is closed, is comprised the following steps：
（1）The southeast is selected domatic to be used as objective for implementation to gentle slope is cellular in purple mound Gang Qu；
（2）In the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, operation band is marked, domatic is in some horizontal stripes；
（3）0.4-0.6m is stayed below every operation band（It is preferred that 0.5m）Do not cultivate again, it is other to cultivate again；
（4）Multiple with reference to cultivating, the abolishment of partial cell shape hole, the digging of partial cell shape hole is big, and hole bottom chorizon deep-cuts a hoe simultaneously
Apply one layer of organic fertilizer；
（5）Gutter is excavated in the top of every cultivation band, and 1 low bank of earth between fields is built in a certain distance ditch, ditching acts what is
Soil is used to fill and lead up useless hole, and organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are sprinkling upon the native table banked up by heap around jujube cave to be planted；
（6）Transplanting jujube (Ziziphus ujuba) in hole；
（7）The outer kind Chinese alpine rush (Eulaliopsis binata) in hole；
（8）Gardenful broadcasts sowing butch clover (Trifolium repens L).
Step（1）In, purple mound Gang Qu select the southeast to gentle slope it is cellular it is domatic be used as objective for implementation, be because only that
Purple soil is domatic just cellular domatic (attitude of rocks is in caused by layered arrangement with shale, mud stone and sandstone), also only has
Qiu Gang areas have that gentle slope is cellular domatic (purple soil massif have the cellular domatic but gradient big), and it to slope is because the southeast to select the southeast
It is relatively superior to slope temperature, optical condition, be advantageous to woods grass growth.
Step（2）In, in the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, refer to mark operation band along contour,
Band band spacing 4.5-5.5m（It is preferred that 5m）（Slope）, and carry out mark with bamboo stake etc..
Step（3）In, stay 0.4-0.6m not cultivate below every operation band multiple, it is other to cultivate again, it is exactly that band is cultivated, band is cultivated whole
The ground time, one can sun the earth which has been ploughed up preferably the 7-8 months of high temperature and drought, and favourable soil nutrient release, two can provide high temperature drying ring
Border, favourable weeding are gone out filling；Band cultivates site preparation specification, digs deep 25-30cm, and often 2 railway carriage or compartments of band point, railway carriage or compartment face are put down, micro- introversion.
Step（4）In, it is multiple with reference to cultivating, by cellular hole by plant jujube density（Grey 2 × 3m of jujube, 1600 plants/hm2）Abolishment portion
Divide cave, enlarged cave（Cave volume wants ＞ 0.343m3）, cheat bottom chorizon and deep-cut 5-10cm, and organic fertilizer 15-20kg.
Step（5）In, gutter is excavated in the top of every cultivation band, and 1 low bank of earth between fields is built in a certain distance ditch, it is exactly
In the top of band（Inner side）Dig a bar ditch, ditch depth 28-32cm（It is preferred that 30cm）, wide 38-42cm（It is preferred that 40cm）, a 10-15m ditch
1 low bank of earth between fields is inside built, its purpose has at 2 points：First, the runoff above the retention slope of gutter, favorably reduces soil erosion, second, digging out
The soil come is used to fill and lead up by useless cellular hole, or is placed in around jujube cave to be planted, and spreads organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer thereon（Semi-decomposed is spread per cave
Organic fertilizer 30-50kg, phosphate fertilizer 14-16kg（It is preferred that 15kg））It is stand-by.
Step（6）In, interior transplanting jujube is cheated, is exactly to cheat jujube tree transplantation of seedlings in group, including two lifting, transplanting links；
Lifting：Rise before seedling 3-5d seedbeds fill 1 time it is permeable；By under jujube tree seedling Soil Surrounding all shovel during lifting, lift jujube
Bulk soil is gently shaken off after sapling, never lifted seedlings by force, damages root system；After seedling is played, removes dead seedling first, without offspring, hair
Bad seedling is educated, then jujube tree seedling is trimmed, removes side shoot sprig, retains 3~5 Secondary Branchs, in favor of being sent out after transplanting
Bud；With turf root dipping and water-loss reducer root dipping, bundling, it is incorporated with plastic inner lining and leachy woven bag, it is to be transported；
Transplanting：Jujube tree seedling carries out transplanting it should be noted that some, cuts off rotten, crack root, reduce as far as possible before cultivation after transporting to destination
Wound area, then with 0.005wt%-0.01wt% methyl α-naphthyl acetates or 0.2wt%ABT root-growing agent root immersion 5-6 hours, taking-up
After take advantage of and wet transplanted with plant ash root dipping；At least want 70cm square in field planting hole；Layering earthing having peace of mind rewater, after water oozes above paving
Husky or overlay film, then heap of earthing up, rock influence to prevent arid and wind and survive；In addition, soil stickiness is larger, can be around root system
Mix husky or plant ash；When transplanting jujube tree, a millet can be put in hole, it is favourable to improving jujube tree survival rate；After jujube tree is planted,
Root is poured with 10~200mg/kg rooting agent solutions, to improve jujube tree seedling physiologically active, tachyauxesis, improves survival rate.
Step（7）In, outer kind Chinese alpine rush is cheated, is exactly except planting the domatic outer of jujube, other domatic kind of Chinese alpine rush, planting Chinese alpine rush has
5 links：Nursery, make ridge, transplanting, management, harvest.
Nursery：Dragon grass seed is without rest period, and the seed newly harvested can be sowed immediately, from insemination and emergence through 60~80
My god, you can seedling taking is colonized, and therefore, can determine the seeding and seedling raising time according to transplanting time, in production practices, warms up that temperature to be used
" Clear and Bright " is sowed, " Grain in Ear " transplanting；Purple soil is in subtropical zone more, and most with middle subtropical zone, and nursery and transplanting can shift to an earlier date 10
It or so.And Chinese alpine rush thousand grain weigth only 0.35g, percentage of seedgermination typically only have 30%, can be moved by this calculating 1kg seed
Plant 0.2hm2(2000m2), can be according to mentioned above principle bed furrow or feeding block seedlings raising, seeding in nursery bed amount 75-100kg/ in production
hm2；Cold water is used before broadcasting（Water in river or in pond）Soak seed 11.5-12.5h（It is preferred that 12h）, drain, with titanium solution（1mL titaniums fertilizer
It is watered 18-22kg（It is preferred that 20kg））, Soluble phosphorus bacteria powder（1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias are watered 240-260mL（It is preferred that 250mL））Yellow mud is added to mix
Kind.
Make ridge：One band is divided to two ridges, it is desirable to which ridge is winding turn, a line, horizontal ring ditch.
Transplanting：Height of seedling 14-16cm（It is preferred that 15cm）, typically there are 2~3 points of evil to divide root and stem of certain plants balled transplanting, according to plot
Fertility, per hectare plant 3-4.5 × 104The root and stem of certain plants (the 2000-3000 root and stem of certain plants/667m 2 ), per root and stem of certain plants 5-10 strains, it is uniformly distributed.
Management：Transplanting is then it is noted that management of weeds, and soil moistening per hectare applies urea 145-155kg after 6~July heavy rain
（It is preferred that 150kg）.
Harvest：Chinese alpine rush as paper making raw material, gathered in after preferably being saved in " the Beginning of Winter ", the grass at this moment gathered in, slightly starch the rate of recovery
Height, quality is good, fine day should be selected to gather in, and the rainy day can not gather in, and sale is dried after harvesting.The Chinese alpine rush of artificial cultivation, after cultivation
It is high term in 6-7, later yield just declines year by year.
Step（8）In, gardenful broadcasts sowing butch clover, has exactly planted jujube, plants good grass（Chinese alpine rush）Afterwards, the Trifolium repense that will be got ready
Grass seeds gardenful broadcasts sowing, application rate 15-25kg/hm2, cold water is used before sowing（Water in river or in pond）Soak seed 11.5-12.5h
（It is preferred that 12h）, drain, with titanium solution（1ml titanium fertilizer is watered 08.-1.2kg（It is preferred that 1kg））, Soluble phosphorus bacterium solution（1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias are watered
240-260ml（It is preferred that 250ml））It is 9-11 in mass ratio to add with purple soil and human excrement:1（It is preferred that 10:1）Ratio retting it is dry
Mud powder mixes well seed dressing.
Further improved preferred scheme：In order to reduce Topographic factor, soil losses are especially reduced, in leave strip
Paspalum notatum kind should be broadcasted sowing, cold water is first used before paspalum notatum sowing（Water in river or in pond）Seed soaking, rubbed with the hands in leaching, make its water suction,
Then 42-48 DEG C is used（It is preferred that 45 DEG C）Warm water soaks 11.5-12.5h（It is preferred that 12h）, drain, mixing titanium solution, (1ml titanium fertilizer is watered 18-
22kg（It is preferred that 20kg)）(1g phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias add water 180-220g with Soluble phosphorus bacterium solution（It is preferred that 200g)）, to form plant hedge as early as possible,
Be benefited as early as possible.
Paspalum notatum part old stem and leaf behind the ground such as Hunan, Jiangxi, late November bright frost tend to be withered, are got over stolon
Winter, spring temperature go up to turn green (late March), implement trimming to withered grass using paspalum notatum Wintering Period or burn, one can promote
Entering paspalum notatum spring turns green that (it has been observed that under the conditions of homoclime, removing withered grass processing can make period of seedling establishment less handle ahead of time 7
~l0d), second, control paspalum notatum cross growth, because paspalum notatum is competitive strong, if not trimming, has more than is needed several years, ground is just
Paspalum notatum single dominantcommunity can be evolved into, turns into paspalum notatum lawn.
Implement tree-grass complex plantation efficiently profit to cellular domatic be used as in gentle slope in the present invention selection purple mound Gang Qu southeast
With the object of method, and take band to cultivate, drainage trenching ridge building, hole group plant jujube, domatic kind of Chinese alpine rush, Quan Yuan and broadcast sowing butch clover etc.
Measure, the cellular domatic land use environment that improves in purple mound Gang Qu gentle slopes is improved land quality, show water and soil
Loss significantly reduces, and soil erosion value approaches soil allowable corroding amount value；Soil physico-chemical property improves；Land output and locality
High yield sloping upland is suitable（The 3rd year after cultivation jujube, jujube and the Chinese alpine rush output value are produced per year up to 18339.4 yuan/hm2(1222.6 yuan/667m2)）,
Realize that Purple soil region is difficult to be utilized using land resourceization and efficiently, promote the ordering of land use and intensive, have
Beneficial to the local soil famine nothing of change and backward in economy, the situation of rural poverty.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
1. selection of land
（1）The selection of landforms.The formation of subtropical zone area landforms experienced very long earth history evolution process, Stage of Yanshan fortune
After dynamic, form Modern Geomorphological blank, since the Quaternary Period, because strong weathering and erosion acts on, the plateau swelled originally and
Mountain region, gradually by it is smooth for flat, the sinuous mountain region with weathering and erosion function Characteristics, hills, hillock, depression or even
Plain, because structural configuration is different and the difference of stratum exposure situation, form the form scope and fluctuating quantity of Modern Geomorphological
It is different；Red rock exposure rises and falls in all basin areas, Qiu Gang, and river, hilllock, mound, mountain have concurrently, and the attitude of rocks is mostly with shale, mud stone and sand
Petrofacies are mutually layered arrangement, the difference of weathering speed, are formed cellular domatic, and in purple mound Gang Qu, some gradients are relatively slow
Cellular domatic, it is " riddled with gaping wounds " to give people visual effect, thus not yet agriculture forest and husbandry utilizes, therefore is selected in purple earthen mound hilly area.
（2）The selection of slope aspect.Southeast slope aspect weather is cool in summer and warm in winter, and in one day, morning illumination is sufficient, proper temperature, air
Humidity is larger, soil moisture foot, and the appearance of light warm water key element peak value is synchronous with the careless growth of woods, is " it is only to obtain day to woods grass growth
It is thick ", leaf photosynthesis is strong, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and setting ratio is high, and yield is high, therefore southeast slope aspect is the optimal of kind of plantation grass
Land occupation condition.
（3）The selection of the gradient.Divide flat slope by domatic gradient size（8 ° of ＜）, gentle slope (8 ° -15 °), abrupt slope (15 ° -25 °),
Steep slope (25 ° of ＞) etc..The domatic more agricultural uses of flat slope, abrupt slope, the domatic gradient of steep slope are too big, and cultivation difficulty is big, therefore selects gentle slope
It is domatic.
2. setting-out
In the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, i.e., mark operation band, band band spacing 5m along contour（Tiltedly
It is domatic）, and carry out mark with bamboo stake etc..
3. site preparation
（1）Method of soil preparation is tested.In August, 2009, Hengnan County Tan Zi Shan Zhen crop fields township of village has carried out method of soil preparation in Hunan
Experiment, if band is cultivated（Processing 1）, Quan Ken（Processing 2）, cave cultivates（Processing 3）, it is plot experiment, plot area 20x10m=200m2,
Do not set repetition；On March 7th, 2010（Jujube beginning sprouting stage）Jujube is transplanted, phytosaur moss broadcasts sowing butch clover, 2010,2011,2012
Calibrate within continuous 3 years flow, dragon Herbage harvest, on November 20th, 2012（After receiving Chinese alpine rush）Take 0-30cm soil layer aggregate sample censorships.
（2）Method of soil preparation compares.3 method of soil preparation compare, and 3 annual runoff averages, band is cultivated（Processing 1）＜ is cultivated in cave（Processing
3）＜ is cultivated entirely（Processing 2）, be respectively 315.8m3/hm2、333.7m3/hm2、649.2m3/hm2, handle 1 relatively processing 2 and subtract stream
51.4%；And Chinese alpine rush grass yield（Fresh grass）It is then that 1 ＞ of processing handles 2 ＞ processing 3, respectively 9541.8kg/hm2、
8365.2kg/hm2、5148.3kg/hm2, the relatively volume increase of processing 3 85.3% of processing 1；0-30cm soil layers content of organic matter processing 1, processing
2nd, processing 3 is respectively 18.65g/kg, 16.23g.kg, 17.41g/kg, and the relatively processing 2 of processing 1 is high by 14.9%, and difference is extremely notable（Table
1）.
1 different method of soil preparation of table are to subtracting stream, grass yield and the influence * of the content of organic matter
| Processing | Annual runoff (m3/hm2) | Subtract flow rate ( % ) | Year fresh grass amount (kg/hm2) | Rate of growth (%) | Year hay amount (kg/hm2) | Rate of growth (%) | The content of organic matter (g/kg) | Increase rate (%) |
| 1 | 315.8 | 51.4 | 9541.8 | 85.3 | 867.2 | 59.4 | 18.65 | 14.9 |
| 2 | 649.2 | / | 8365.2 | 62.5 | 748.1 | 37.5 | 16.23 | / |
| 3 | 333.7 | 48.6 | 5148.3 | / | 543.9 | / | 17.41 | 7.3 |
* institute's column data is that after planting 3 years measured value averages, the content of organic matter are measured values after experiment is carried out 3 years in table.
（3）Each land preparation mode evaluation.3 kinds of land preparation mode corrosion protection, dragon Herbage harvest and the raising soil organism more than
The Benefit Transfer of content is not difficult to find out：Soil is more loose after the cellular domatic band in purple mound hilllock gentle slope cultivates site preparation, and hole is larger,
The content of organic matter is high, thus, guarantor's water storage fertilizer performance is good, can reduce soil erosion, and favourable woods grass growth；Although cultivate and can promote entirely
Enter woods grass growth, improve yield, but hillside fields is cultivated and is easily caused soil erosion entirely, should not typically use；Site preparation is cultivated because soil loosens in cave
It is limited in scope, is unfavorable for root system stretching, extension and forest land weed growth is vigorous, the liquid manure dog-eat-dog between forest, influence forest
Growth.Therefore, hilly upland is afforested, and it is more suitable to cultivate land preparation mode using band, can both reduce soil erosion, environmental protection, energy
Loosen the soil, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote tree growth, reach fast growing effect.
4. for cave
Planting density, particularly kind different densities size are determined according to land occupation condition, jujube cultivars and the size of sapling
Difference is quite big, has per hectare to plant 300-450 strain (20-30 strains/667m2), seeding row spacing 5m × 5m, there is per hectare to plant 1650 plant (110
Strain/667m2), seeding row spacing 2m × 3m；Jujube kind of the present invention is " grey jujube ", seeding row spacing 2m × 3m.By the seeding row spacing of determination by honeybee
Nest shape hole group destroys a part, part dilatation, and hole bottom deep-cuts a hoe and applies one layer of organic fertilizer.
5. drainage trenching ridge building
（1）Drainage trenching ridge building is tested.In August, 2009, Hengnan County Tan Zi Shan Zhen crop fields village has carried out digging draining in Hunan
Ditch ridge building is tested, if drainage trenching ridge building（Processing 1）, drainage trenching not ridge building（Processing 2）, not drainage trenching（Processing 3）, it is
Plot experiment, plot area 20x10m=200m2, do not set repetition；On March 10th, 2009（Jujube beginning sprouting stage）Transplant jujube, phytosaur palpus
Grass, butch clover is broadcasted sowing, calibrate within continuous 3 years 2010,2011,2012 flow and [use the artificial rainfall gauge labor measurement rainfall of SMI types
Amount, rainfall duration, calculate raininess；(run-off is by turning over installed in runoff field delivery port for observation run-off in time after one rainfall event
The self registering runoff process of bucket type flowmeter, which arranges, to be drawn)." soil moisture content quick analyser " measure soil water-containing is produced using Nanjing
Rate (soil drilling method correction)；Observational depth is 5cm, 10cm, 20cm；Observation time be 4,5,7, August every 7-10d observe 1 time, often
Secondary morning 10h.
（2）3 processing time rainfalls subtract stream effect.Its runoff yield of different rain types is different, chooses in 2010-2012 and has
The secondary rainfall of representational different rainfall patterns totally 10 times, it is obvious that 3 processing time rainfalls subtract stream effect difference, torrential rain condition, the row of digging
Ditch (processing 1) subtracts stream 68.3% than not drainage trenching (processing 3), and Rainfall Condition subtracts stream 54.8%, and heavy rain condition subtracts stream 40.1%,
Moderate rain condition subtracts stream 33.3%, and light rain condition does not produce runoff；And drainage trenching not ridge building (processing 2) is than not drainage trenching (place
3) torrential rain condition subtracts stream 41.2% to reason, and Rainfall Condition subtracts stream 33.1%, and heavy rain condition subtracts stream 23.4%, and moderate rain condition subtracts stream
16.7%, light rain condition does not produce runoff (table 2).
（3）The difference of two processing different soil moistures.The different soil moisture determined every time is by year added
Weight average, result treatment 1 (drainage trenching ridge building) is than processing 3 (not drainage trenching) 2011,0-20cm soil moistures in 2011
Content is respectively increased 1.6%, 1.4%, is respectively increased 14.2 and 9.3 percentage points (tables 3).
6. plant jujube
Jujube tree originates in China, and adaptability is extremely strong, and rest period is resistant to -33.8 DEG C of low temperature, growth period drought-enduring, waterlogging, resistance to height
It is temperature, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, barren-resistant, have the title in " iron stalk crops ", and result is early, income is fast, yield stability is strong, resistance to low level management, the economic longevity
Life is long (>=100 years)；National jujube kind (major clique) is more than 900, ecological condition, productivity level hair that various regions need to be according to locality
Open up suitable cultivar；Present invention plant kind is " grey jujube ", and main administrative skill has fertilising and trimming etc..
（1）Fertilising.The suitable Fertilizer In Autumn of base manure, before the specific time falls leaves after fruit picking, based on organic fertilizer, 20-50kg is applied in strain
(determining according to the size and fruit yield of tree)；Top dressing should get hold of 4 critical periods：Before rudiment, open first after, young fruit period and fruit weightening
Phase, the first two period top dressing is chiefly to facilitate young sprout, young fruit mushrooms out, and promotes bud differentiation, improves fruit-setting rate, Ying Duoshi
Some nitrogenous fertilizer；Top dressing twice is primarily to the expanding rapidly and increase weight of promotion fruit, improves the quality of jujube and containing sugar afterwards
Amount, it is desirable to fertilizer nutrient is complete, can every plant apply compost 50kg or nitrogenous fertilizer 0.8kg, phosphate fertilizer 0.4kg, potash fertilizer 0.5kg, effect of increasing production is bright
It is aobvious.
（2）Trimming.Jujube tree trimming includes 3 work such as bud picking, pinching, Kai Jia (band girdle)：The first tenday period of a month in May jujube bud sprout when and
When the jujube head without value of just having sprouted base portion extract, and remove the branch of excessive growth, this work is urgent, otherwise can
The substantial amounts of nutrient of tree body, and unfavorable ventilation and penetrating light are consumed, so as to influence jujube tree result.The controllable development branch growth of pinching, reduce
Nutrient consumption, fruit-setting rate is improved, typically in jujube tree full-bloom stage, the space size according to where branch, to first into the newborn jujube of age tree
Secondary branch, Secondary Branch carry out pinching, should follow that " weak branch heavy pinching, vigorous branches light panching, light panching when space is big, space hour pluck again
The principle of the heart ".It is by cutting off jujube tree bast, blocking the nutrient of tree body to transport root to from top, so as to accumulate tree body to open first
The nutrition on top, to meet needs that jujube tree yields positive results, open first and typically carried out initial stage in full blossom, object is the children of 10 years or so
Tree, tree vigo(u)r are well but beared fruit few bearing tree.
（3）Bud picking, pinching experiment (not carrying out out first because tree is too small).In August, 2009, enter in North of Hunan Ningxiang County maple bridge township
Gone jujube tree bud picking, pinching experiment, if bud picking, pinching（Processing 1）, not bud picking not pinching（Processing 2）；On March 10th, 2010, jujube
Beginning sprouting stage transplants jujube, using 1 year raw grey jujube, plant height 60.7-94.6cm, the thick 0.448-0.724cm in base portion footpath, after field planting
The average 40.3cm of heading height.Two processing selected representational each 30 plants of plant, in 2010,2011,2012 continuous 3
Year observation increment（Trunk diameter is 10cm trunks rugosity from the ground）.
（4）Bud picking, pinching result of the test.The main tree body factor of jujube tree yield is determined, bud picking, pinching processing are less smeared
Bud, not pinching processing increase are obvious, and 3 years raw jujube tree trunk diameters improve 73.8%, and branch opens up 306.9 % of increase, total increment increase
108.7%, the height of tree improves 34.6%（Table 4）.
(5) jujube economic benefit is planted.3 years grey jujubes of life, strain production is up to 0.37kg, per hectare production jujube 610kg, by market in 2012
25 yuan/kg of valency is calculated, the hectare output value 1.5 × 104(1000 yuan/667m of member2)。
7. kind of Chinese alpine rush
Chinese alpine rush category grass family, is the pioneer of prevention soil and water loss, and its wide adaptation range, strong stress resistance, root system are sent out
Reach, can well be grown on salt-soda soil.The present invention is Chinese alpine rush+jujube+butch clover Compound Planting Model, covered ground after 3 years
It is respectively 91.3% and 82.6% (compared with bare area) to the prevention effect of purple soil Annual erosion modulus and annual runoff up to 87.2%,
Annual erosion modulus reaches 2.1t/hm after 3 years2, approaching soil allows erosion modulus value 1.8t/hm2；Chinese alpine rush-jujube+butch clover is not
Only obvious ecological benefits (conserving water and soil), and have good economic benefit, 1kg seed the region between the heart and the diaphragm seedlings can transplant 0.2hm2, only
10 yuans are needed, careless 3t (15t/hm can be received every year within 3 years before plantation2), based on 160 yuan/t of 2010-2012 grass valency average prices, create the output value
480 yuan (per hectare year creates 2400 yuan of the output value, per 667m2160 yuan).
8. broadcast sowing butch clover
Research shows (Kang Weiwei, 2013)：In sky and water apple producing region intercropping in garden butch clover, although in certain scope
The insect density of chafer is inside added, indivedual places are because chafer underproduction amplitude reaches 2.2%~5.3%, still, due to set
After kind butch clover, blade is better than surface soil to the reflex of light, so as to increase ground in fruit tree Nei Tangji gardens
Intensity of illumination, increasing degree is up to 23.5%, per 667m2More than output increased 215kg, rate of growth 8.8%~9.2%, Guo Nongchun
Revenue growth 12%.The present invention is by butch clover interplanting in jujube+Chinese alpine rush garden, and Trifolium repense is within jujube tree tree crown drip, in vain
Three leaf energy fixed nitrogen, nitrogen is provided for jujube tree；Summer dead leaf, covering table soil, reduces jujube tree rhizosphere soil water evaporation, makes naked in garden
Open country face is completely capped, first, favourable water conservation soil conservation, second, can increase intensity of illumination, three can provide organic fertilizer resource, thus 3 years
Raw grey jujube yield increase by 11.7%, average annual production increase by 7.9% in first 3 years after Chinese alpine rush is planted, per hectare creates 1879.05 yuan of the output value indirectly
(grey jujube increases production 71.37kg, and 25 yuan/kg, 1784.25 yuan altogether, Chinese alpine rush produces grass increase 1185kg per year, 0.08 yuan/kg, amounts to
It is 94.8 first).
9. effect integrates
（1）Bright spot.The present invention cultivates site preparation from band, and band, which cultivates to cultivate more entirely, subtracts stream 51.4%；And Chinese alpine rush grass yield band is cultivated compared with cave
Cultivate volume increase 85.3% (fresh grass) -59.4% (hay)；0-30cm soil layer content of organic matter bands are cultivated cultivates high by 15.9% more entirely, and this is bright spot
1.Often band excavates gutter and is segmented ridge building the present invention, and compared with drainage trenching is not segmented ridge building, torrential rain condition subtracts stream
68.3%, Rainfall Condition subtracts stream 54.8%, and heavy rain condition subtracts stream 40.1%, and moderate rain condition subtracts stream 33.3%；0-20cm soil moistures contain
Amount improves 13.5 percentage points, and this is bright spot 2.The present invention is to plant Chinese alpine rush between jujube garden, turns into Chinese alpine rush-jujube composite plant mould
Formula, Chinese alpine rush is the pioneer of prevention soil and water loss, and compared with bare area, it is to purple soil Annual erosion modulus and annual runoff
Prevention effect is respectively 91.3% and 82.6%, compared with planting Chinese alpine rush between not, subtracts stream 56.8%, reduces the soil erosion 78.1%,
And 2400 yuan/hm of the annual wound output value2(per 667m2160 yuan), this is bright spot 3.The present invention interplants butch clover in jujube+dragon
In careless garden, exposed ground in garden is set to be capped completely, first, favourable water conservation soil conservation, second, can increase intensity of illumination, three can provide
Organic fertilizer resource, thus the grey jujube yield of life in 3 years increases by 11.7% (71.37kg/hm2, 25 yuan/kg, count 1784.25 yuan), Chinese alpine rush is planted
First 3 years 7.9% (1185kg/hm of average annual production increase afterwards2, 0.08 yuan/kg, count 94.8 yuan).1879.05 yuan of the output value of wound indirectly, this is
Bright spot 4.
（2）Benefit experiment.In August, 2009, it is cellular to have carried out purple mound hilllock gentle slope for Hengnan County Tan Zi mountains town in Hunan
The plantation Efficient utilization method experiment of domatic tree-grass complex, if band cultivate+drainage trenching ridge building plants jujube+a kind Chinese alpine rush+and broadcasts sowing white three
Leaf grass (processing 1,1 grass 2 of abbreviation jujube grass), band cultivate+and drainage trenching ridge building plants a jujube+kind Chinese alpine rush (processing 2, abbreviation jujube grass 1), band
Cultivate+drainage trenching ridge building plant jujube+broadcast sowing butch clover (processing 3, abbreviation jujube grass 2), band cultivate+drainage trenching ridge building plants jujube (processing
4, abbreviation jujube), it is plot experiment, plot area 20x10m=200m2, do not set repetition；On March 10th, 2009 (jujube beginning sprouting stage)
Jujube is transplanted, phytosaur moss, broadcasts sowing butch clover, calibrates within continuous 3 years 2009,2010,2011 stream and quantity of sand and mud, in October, 2011
(Chinese alpine rush receive after) takes the censorship of 0-30cm soil layer aggregate samples, jujubes in 2009,2010,2011 and dragon to make a preliminary survey production.
（3）Subtract stream and subtract husky benefit.The annual runoff of the grass 2 (processing 1) of jujube grass 1 is only the 23.8% of jujube (processing 4), is produced per year husky
Amount is only 20.3%, up to 1956.2kg/hm2, allow erosion modulus value 1800kg/hm close to soil2(table 5).
（4）Improve soil nutrient content benefit.The organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus of jujube grass 1 grass 2 (processing 1) 0-30cm soil layers contain
Amount is respectively 21.7g/kg, 1.12g/kg, 0.56g/kg, and 9.6g/kg, 0.47g/kg, 0.28g/kg are improved than jujube (processing 4),
Improve 69.6%, 63.5%, 82.4% (table 6).
（5）Economic benefit.The grass 2 (processing 1) of jujube grass 1 is more 450 yuan than jujube (processing 4) per hectare input, and output is high by 3429.4
Member, net income is high 2679.4 yuan, improves 25.7%, thus it is high by 0.38 (table 7) to produce throwing ratio.
* grey 25 yuan/kg of jujube foldings money, 0.08 yuan/kg of Chinese alpine rush folding moneys, input do not include cultivation, drainage trenching, standby cave.
Claims (5)
1. the cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
（1）The southeast is selected domatic to be used as objective for implementation to gentle slope is cellular in purple mound Gang Qu；
（2）In the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, operation band is marked, domatic is in some horizontal stripes；
（3）0.4-0.6m is stayed not cultivate below every operation band multiple, it is other to cultivate again；
（4）It is multiple with reference to cultivating, partial cell shape hole is abolished, partial cell shape hole is dug big, hole bottom chorizon deep-cuts a hoe and applies one
Layer organic fertilizer；
（5）Gutter is excavated in the top of every cultivation band, and 1 low bank of earth between fields is built in ditch spaced apart, ditching acts the mud of going out
Soil is used to fill and lead up useless hole, and organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are sprinkling upon the native table banked up by heap around jujube cave to be planted；
（6）Transplanting jujube in hole；
（7）The outer kind Chinese alpine rush in hole；
（8）Gardenful broadcasts sowing butch clover；
Step（4）In, it is multiple with reference to cultivating, part cave, enlarged cave are abolished into by jujube density is planted in cellular hole, cheats bottom matrix layer depth
Dig 5-10cm, and organic fertilizer 15-20kg；
Step（6）In, interior transplanting jujube is cheated, is exactly to cheat jujube tree transplantation of seedlings in group, including two lifting, transplanting links；Lifting：
Rise before seedling 3-5d seedbeds fill 1 time it is permeable；Jujube tree after seedling under jujube tree seedling Soil Surrounding all shovel, will be lifted by bulk soil during lifting
Earth is gently shaken off, and never lifts seedlings by force, damages root system；After seedling is played, removes dead seedling first, without offspring, hypogenetic seedling, then
Jujube tree seedling is trimmed, removes side shoot sprig, retains 3~5 Secondary Branchs, in favor of being germinateed after transplanting；With turf root dipping and
Water-loss reducer root dipping, bundling, it is incorporated with plastic inner lining and leachy woven bag, it is to be transported；
Transplanting：Jujube tree seedling carries out transplanting it should be noted that some, cuts off rotten, crack root, reduce wound as far as possible before cultivation after transporting to destination
Area, then with 0.005wt%-0.01wt% methyl α-naphthyl acetates or 0.2wt%ABT root-growing agent root immersion 5-6 hours, taken advantage of after taking-up
It is wet to be transplanted with plant ash root dipping；At least want 70cm square in field planting hole；Layering earthing having peace of mind rewater, after water oozes above sand or
Overlay film, then heap of earthing up, rock influence to prevent arid and wind and survive；In addition, soil stickiness is larger, mixed around root system it is husky or
Plant ash；When transplanting jujube tree, a millet is put in hole, it is favourable to improving jujube tree survival rate；After jujube tree is planted, with 10~
200mg/kg rooting agent solutions pour root, to improve jujube tree seedling physiologically active, tachyauxesis, improve survival rate.
2. the cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, step（2）In, in the selected domatic high setting-out such as from toe to top of the slope, refer to mark operation band along contour,
Band band spacing 4.5-5.5m, and carry out mark.
3. the cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope according to claim 1 or 2,
Characterized in that, step（5）In, gutter is excavated in the top of every cultivation band, and 1 low bank of earth between fields is built in a certain distance ditch,
It is exactly to build 1 low bank of earth between fields in one bar ditch of the top of band digging, ditch depth 28-32cm, wide 38-42cm, a 10-15m ditch, its purpose has two
Point：First, the runoff above the retention slope of gutter, favorably reduces soil erosion, it is used to fill and lead up by useless honeycomb second, digging out the soil come
Shape is cheated, or is placed in around jujube cave to be planted, and it is stand-by to spread organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer thereon.
4. the cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope according to claim 1 or 2,
Characterized in that, step（7）In, outer kind Chinese alpine rush is cheated, is exactly except planting the domatic outer of jujube, other domatic kind of Chinese alpine rush, kind dragon
Grass has 5 links：Nursery, make ridge, transplanting, management, harvest.
5. the cellular domatic tree-grass complex plantation Efficient utilization method in purple mound hilllock gentle slope according to claim 1 or 2,
Characterized in that, step（8）In, gardenful broadcasts sowing butch clover, has exactly planted jujube, plants after getting well grass, the Trifolium repense grass seeds that will be got ready
Gardenful broadcasts sowing, application rate 15-25kg/hm2, cold water species 11.5-12.5h is used before sowing, is drained, with titanium solution, Soluble phosphorus bacterium solution adds
It is 9-11 in mass ratio with purple soil and human excrement:The dry mud powder of 1 ratio retting mixes well seed dressing.
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