CN105230319A - High-yield planting method for pumpkins - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for pumpkins Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230319A CN105230319A CN201510756978.5A CN201510756978A CN105230319A CN 105230319 A CN105230319 A CN 105230319A CN 201510756978 A CN201510756978 A CN 201510756978A CN 105230319 A CN105230319 A CN 105230319A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for pumpkins. The method includes the following steps that first, a soil conditioner is prepared; second, specially-used insecticide is prepared; third, land selection and soil preparation are carried out; fourth, fertilizer is applied scientifically; fifth, seeds are selected and treated; sixth, sowing is conducted; seventh, field management is performed; eighth, diseases and pests are prevented and controlled; ninth, final-period management is conducted; tenth, harvesting is performed and seeds are harvested. According to the high-yield planting method for the pumpkins, pumpkin planting is standardized, the output quality of the pumpkins is improved, and the output yield of the pumpkins is increased; the pollution-free pumpkins can be produced, the planting benefits are increased, and the method is suitable for being applied and popularized in large-scale vegetable plantations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of high-yield planting method of pumpkin.
Background technology
Pumpkin, the one of Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita, the annual herbaceous plant that overgrows, stem often joint portion is taken root, and petiole is sturdy, blade width egg shape or oval, matter is slightly soft, and vein swells, and tendril is slightly sturdy, monoecism, carpopodium is sturdy, has rib and groove, different because of kind, often there are several longitudinal furrows or nothing in outside, and seed is most, long avette or Long Circle.Pumpkin contains abundant carotin and vitamin C, can invigorating the spleen, and prevention gastritis, prevents and treats nyctotyphlosis, protect liver, makes skin become delicate, and in having and the effect of carcinogen; Yellow fruits and vegetables are also rich in two kinds of vitamin As and D, and vitamin A can protect gastrointestinal mucosa, prevents the illness such as gastritis, stomach ulcer from occurring; Vitamin D has the effect promoting calcium, phosphorus two kinds of mineral elements absorptions, is a kind of eating effect preferably crop products.
Traditional pumpkin planting method is on the one hand due to natural implantation methods, the melon and fruit that the utilization of nursery, soil nutrient component and the irrationality of sowing time and method make plantation go out is little, yield poorly, also the impact being easily subject to disease and insect pest on the other hand causes melon and fruit output to greatly reduce more, again on the one hand, apply agricultural chemicals according to the conventional method, the pesticide concentration of melon and fruit can be made comparatively large, the edible demand of people can not be met.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of high-yield planting method of pumpkin, and standardization pumpkin planting, improves the Quality and yield of pumpkin output, produce nuisanceless pumpkin, and improve planting benefit, proper scale truck garden is applied.
For achieving the above object, the high-yield planting method of a kind of pumpkin that the present invention proposes, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, 2.5% decamethrin 2-3, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, add 50% triadimefon missible oil 300-450 gram in every kilogram of A, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, selection of land and whole: pumpkin is drought-enduring, is afraid of flood, likes slant acidity rich soil, according to this characteristic, no matter Plain, or massif, hillock, slope plantation pumpkin, physical features all should be selected higher, draining is good, the plot that the soil is porous, and the waterlogging plot of low-lying easy flood, chance rain ponding should not be planted.Be excellent with black earth at the bottom of the sand that soil property is loose.In soil property, with soft sandy loam, light clay is advisable, and pH value should between 5.5-6.8, and heavy clay, saline land should not be planted.In crops for rotation, being advisable with gramineous crops such as corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat, paddy are rotten, is medium with soybean, potato, avoid with equal, belong to crop together and solanaceous crops heavily meets stubble.Require 3-5 crop rotation once.Preferably the spring is wholely also passable wholely the autumn for method of soil preparation, turns over, harrows, applies fertilizer, ridging, suppression work continuously, in order to soil moisture conservation.The degree of depth of ploughing is 25-30 centimetre.
Four, apply fertilizers scientifically: in conjunction with whole every mu apply become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram, soil conditioner 200-600 kilogram, soil insecticide 60-80 kilogram, the peat composed of rotten mosses ash 50-100 kilogram, composite fertilizer 50-80 kilogram, broken ridge folder is fertile, in being evenly manured into soil.Application fertilizer, kind can adopt diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and composite fertilizer, and fertilizing amount can be determined, the general per hectare amount of applying fertilizer to the subsoil 150-200 kilogram according to soil fertility condition.As 45% (14-16-15) compound potassium sulfate fertilizer or survey native formula fertilizer, general per hectare fertilizing amount divides the ground such as upper and lower to be respectively 150,200 kilograms; 2/3rds for pressing from both sides fertilizer, and 1/3rd is fertile for mouth.Will every a ridge when folder is fertile, Jia Yilong, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer will be clipped on a ridge, carry out mark, in order to sowing.Topdress.Pumpkin is flourishing, and fertilizer-sucting quantity is large, and when the climing 3 centimetres of large left and right of melon, (stretching the climing phase) topdresses, the most handy urea, and topdressing amount is according to soil fertility, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and determine, and general per hectare chases after urea 75-105 kilogram, fertile apart from melon root 7 cm pit digging point, earths up.For preventing later stage denitrogenation, in the pumpkin Shen climing phase, spray Yi Yuan bio-fertilizer, per hectare consumption 1 kilogram, to water 200-300 kilogram, cauline leaf is sprayed.
Five, seed selection and seed treatment: select white color, grain yield high, the kind of disease resistance, as avenged the kinds such as No. 1, city, Xuecheng No. 2, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, then to scald kind with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and ceaselessly stir 15min, then using Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, wrap for subsequent use with the wet piece of sack or cloth;
Six, sow:
1, germination test is carried out, according to germination rate determination seeding quantity before sowing.
2, early sowing in good time.Ground temperature is stable can be sowed by 10 DEG C, suit measures to local conditions, and according to the climatic characteristic determination date of seeding of locality, after emerging, the latest frost phase escaping locality is limited, and generally within after planting about 10 days, emerge, the concrete sowing time is between 10-15 day in May.
3, rational close planting.Hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 15000-16500 strain, 70 centimetres of large ridges, empty ridge kind one ridge, spacing in the rows 45-50 centimetre, and this method saves fertilizer, improves the availability of fertilizer, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, effectively prevents and treats epidemic disease, be convenient to field management again.
4, seeding quantity.Per hectare sowing quantity 15-17 kilogram.
5, type of seeding.Adopt bunch planting, dig 20 centimeter length, 15 centimetres of dark holes, step on a pin, an edge point seed 3, interval 7-10 centimetre between seed, plant in order to benefit along ridge, execute appropriate mouth fertilizer, fertile seed interval 3-5 centimetre, prevents fertilizer damage, earthing 3-5 centimetre, then treads.All suppress once again after finishing.If arid, can hole irrigation for seeding.Want running check germination after broadcasting, find that vole eats seed, rotten seed will be reseeded in time.Also machine sowing method can be taked.As run into special circumstances, following technology can be taked: sow after (1) vernalization.After during 50 DEG C of emerge in worm water 10-12, the gunnysack soaked with two wraps in centre seed, is placed on heated kang and keeps constant temperature about 30 DEG C.Want duty to stir, within 30 hours, can sprout, plant bud and be advisable with firm broken shell.(2) seedling raising and transplanting.Generally should in field planting sowing in first about 30 days, select the feeding block seedlings raising of 8 × 8 centimetres, Nutrition Soil ratio is well-rotted farmyard manure: field soil: horsehit or ashes are 4:5:1, sieve after mixing thoroughly.Every cubic metre adds 1 kilogram of 64% diammonium phosphate, 0.25 kilogram of 50% potassium sulfate.Temperature treatment.Daytime 30 DEG C, be not less than 15 DEG C, after coming up night, daytime 20-23 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C.General seedling age about 30 days, field planting on May 20, adopts the mode field planting every an empty ridge, a ridge.(3) plastic mulching.Date of seeding, first after planting overlay film, seedling should leak informaton in time with unburned seedling after being unearthed than live morning 10-15 days.The mode every an empty ridge, a ridge is adopted to plant.For saving seedling from damage, paper-pot cultivation can be adopted or borrow the method for seedling to mend in own home institute and planting, preventing from being short of seedling.
Seven, field management:
1, chemical weed control.In the grassy weed 3-5 leaf phase, per hectare 12.5% Sethoxydin emulsion 1.5-2.25 kilogram, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying.Or per hectare 15% fluazifop-p-butyl missible oil 1.5 kilograms, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying.
2, thinning and final singling.Will carry out thinning after melon seedling all sprouts, general every hole stays two strains, and spacing wants far away.Stay a strain to prepare to do transplanting to fill the gaps with seedlings.Carry out final singling when melon seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, chosen position just, look just, plant that cotyledon is large, every hole stays a strain.If any being short of seedling, during final singling, to transplantation of seedlings be dug, and will along climing.
3, pour water.Pumpkin due to leaf area large, transpiration is strong, should pour water in time when arid is serious, and especially bear fruit phase and fruit expanding period are poured water not in time can causing melon and affect the formation of fruit seed.
4, prune, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, pinching and remove main root melon.
(1) prune.Every strain only stays a master climing, and lateral bine all removes.
(2) keep down the vines of a creeping plant.To keep down the vines of a creeping plant fixation, prevented from turning over seedling, promoted adventive root growth, increase absorption area.When melon climing long 50-70 cm, first time keeps down the vines of a creeping plant, and plays orientation.Later 50-100 cm pressure once, after melon, must keep down the vines of a creeping plant by two joint places.Method is fallen dry soil spade at leaf segment place, exposes wet soil, is pressed by climing for melon wet soil.Topdressing as combined, select the joint position before melon first to dig pit, fertilizer is applied, then ridging being treaded, then keeping down the vines of a creeping plant.
(3) pinching.For control melon climing indeterminate growth, ensureing to nourish and grow balances with reproductive growth, and pinching is very necessary.Way is that the 8-10 sheet leaf place after the second melon plucks growing point, more slightly buries with wet soil climing.About melon seedling about 1.5 meters, stays 2-3 young melon, and a melon needs 15-20 blade supply nutrition.
(4) remove main root melon.Main root melon is general all less, sets seeds few, wants that obtaining high yield must remove main root melon, stays, about about 10 leaves, stays melon from second melon.Main root melon is gone early to carry out, otherwise, consume nutrient in vain.
5, artificial pollination.Carry out artificial pollination, can fruit-setting rate be increased, improve grain yield.Before when time is morning to the morning 10.Method can directly be smeared on female chapiter with male flower anther.Also can collect pollen, be contained in gauze bag, abate, on female chapiter, also can be smeared with writing brush.Preferably put honeybee, per hectare 2-3 case, honeybee amount wants foot.
Eight, diseases and pests controlling:
1, ladybug is prevented and treated: at Seedling Stage, (about mid-June) occurs, can with the 15% the first insecticide cauline leaf sprayings in larval phase, to 300 kilograms, water, cauline leaf spraying.
2, prevent eliminating aphis.Per hectare 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 100-150 gram, to 300 kilograms, water, or by 1.8% Avermectin 3000 times, cauline leaf is sprayed.
3, squash marble dust is prevented and treated.Their early stage sprays medicine in time, and best leaf tow sides are all sprayed onto.Concrete grammar be per hectare the first insecticide to water 300-400 times liquid, carry out cauline leaf spraying, every 7-10 days spray once, continuous spraying 2-3 time.
4, pumpkin epidemic disease is prevented and treated.Select high-land, not easily the plot plantation pumpkin of ponding.Hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage plot, easily cause pestilence.Pumpkin and the crop rotation of the gramineous crop such as wheat, corn, be advisable with more than 3 years, and can not continuous cropping.Per hectare soil insecticide 1500 kilograms, is spread on around melon root before arriving rainy season.Also can at disease initial stage of origination, with the 25% the second insecticide cauline leaf sprayings, control disease and spread.
Nine, final-period management.
1, rainy season, the melon in furrow is taken on the platform of ridge, prevent rotten melon.The melon leaf covered on melon is fractureed simultaneously, allow melon expose, ventilation and penetrating light, impel precocity.
2, in the melon seeds half ripe phase, namely at the beginning of 8 months, if low temperature is rainy, to turns over to melon individual, prevent overcast and rainy rotting like this, melon seeds precocity can be urged again.Leaf nutritive agent or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 kilogram can be sprayed simultaneously, to improve maturity, increase yield.
Ten, to gather and seed harvest: after pumpkin fruit is plucked, have certain afterripening, be the plumpness improving seed, can gather, first harvest is ripe by stages, do not have full ripe after gather and keep muskmelon pedicel here, continue after-ripening.Pumpkin seperator is preferably used to carry out seed separation.Seed will clean in time, airing, the most handy window screening of pumpkin airing, because the upper and lower ventilation of window screening, every square metre of window screening can shine 1.5 kilograms, within 2 hours, stirs once, second day every square metre can shine 5 kilograms, often stir, prevent from causing and seal plate, dirty plate, improve seed grade.Pumpkin will accomplish after drying winnow with a dustpan with dustpan or raise with wooden winnowing spade with dry with processing, cleaning out, and leaves the place that ventilates in.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of pumpkin proposed by the invention, standardization pumpkin planting, improves the Quality and yield of pumpkin output, produces nuisanceless pumpkin, and improve planting benefit, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Embodiment
A high-yield planting method for pumpkin, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, 2.5% decamethrin 2-3, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, add 50% triadimefon missible oil 300-450 gram in every kilogram of A, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, selection of land and whole: pumpkin is drought-enduring, is afraid of flood, likes slant acidity rich soil, according to this characteristic, no matter Plain, or massif, hillock, slope plantation pumpkin, physical features all should be selected higher, draining is good, the plot that the soil is porous, and the waterlogging plot of low-lying easy flood, chance rain ponding should not be planted.Be excellent with black earth at the bottom of the sand that soil property is loose.In soil property, with soft sandy loam, light clay is advisable, and pH value should between 5.5-6.8, and heavy clay, saline land should not be planted.In crops for rotation, being advisable with gramineous crops such as corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat, paddy are rotten, is medium with soybean, potato, avoid with equal, belong to crop together and solanaceous crops heavily meets stubble.Require 3-5 crop rotation once.Preferably the spring is wholely also passable wholely the autumn for method of soil preparation, turns over, harrows, applies fertilizer, ridging, suppression work continuously, in order to soil moisture conservation.The degree of depth of ploughing is 25-30 centimetre.
Four, apply fertilizers scientifically: in conjunction with whole every mu apply become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram, soil conditioner 200-600 kilogram, soil insecticide 60-80 kilogram, the peat composed of rotten mosses ash 50-100 kilogram, composite fertilizer 50-80 kilogram, broken ridge folder is fertile, in being evenly manured into soil.Application fertilizer, kind can adopt diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and composite fertilizer, and fertilizing amount can be determined, the general per hectare amount of applying fertilizer to the subsoil 150-200 kilogram according to soil fertility condition.As 45% (14-16-15) compound potassium sulfate fertilizer or survey native formula fertilizer, general per hectare fertilizing amount divides the ground such as upper and lower to be respectively 150,200 kilograms; 2/3rds for pressing from both sides fertilizer, and 1/3rd is fertile for mouth.Will every a ridge when folder is fertile, Jia Yilong, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer will be clipped on a ridge, carry out mark, in order to sowing.Topdress.Pumpkin is flourishing, and fertilizer-sucting quantity is large, and when the climing 3 centimetres of large left and right of melon, (stretching the climing phase) topdresses, the most handy urea, and topdressing amount is according to soil fertility, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and determine, and general per hectare chases after urea 75-105 kilogram, fertile apart from melon root 7 cm pit digging point, earths up.For preventing later stage denitrogenation, in the pumpkin Shen climing phase, spray Yi Yuan bio-fertilizer, per hectare consumption 1 kilogram, to water 200-300 kilogram, cauline leaf is sprayed.
Five, seed selection and seed treatment: select white color, grain yield high, the kind of disease resistance, as avenged the kinds such as No. 1, city, Xuecheng No. 2, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, then to scald kind with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and ceaselessly stir 15min, then using Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, wrap for subsequent use with the wet piece of sack or cloth;
Six, sow:
1, germination test is carried out, according to germination rate determination seeding quantity before sowing.
2, early sowing in good time.Ground temperature is stable can be sowed by 10 DEG C, suit measures to local conditions, and according to the climatic characteristic determination date of seeding of locality, after emerging, the latest frost phase escaping locality is limited, and generally within after planting about 10 days, emerge, the concrete sowing time is between 10-15 day in May.
3, rational close planting.Hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 15000-16500 strain, 70 centimetres of large ridges, empty ridge kind one ridge, spacing in the rows 45-50 centimetre, and this method saves fertilizer, improves the availability of fertilizer, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, effectively prevents and treats epidemic disease, be convenient to field management again.
4, seeding quantity.Per hectare sowing quantity 15-17 kilogram.
5, type of seeding.Adopt bunch planting, dig 20 centimeter length, 15 centimetres of dark holes, step on a pin, an edge point seed 3, interval 7-10 centimetre between seed, plant in order to benefit along ridge, execute appropriate mouth fertilizer, fertile seed interval 3-5 centimetre, prevents fertilizer damage, earthing 3-5 centimetre, then treads.All suppress once again after finishing.If arid, can hole irrigation for seeding.Want running check germination after broadcasting, find that vole eats seed, rotten seed will be reseeded in time.Also machine sowing method can be taked.As run into special circumstances, following technology can be taked: sow after (1) vernalization.After during 50 DEG C of emerge in worm water 10-12, the gunnysack soaked with two wraps in centre seed, is placed on heated kang and keeps constant temperature about 30 DEG C.Want duty to stir, within 30 hours, can sprout, plant bud and be advisable with firm broken shell.(2) seedling raising and transplanting.Generally should in field planting sowing in first about 30 days, select the feeding block seedlings raising of 8 × 8 centimetres, Nutrition Soil ratio is well-rotted farmyard manure: field soil: horsehit or ashes are 4:5:1, sieve after mixing thoroughly.Every cubic metre adds 1 kilogram of 64% diammonium phosphate, 0.25 kilogram of 50% potassium sulfate.Temperature treatment.Daytime 30 DEG C, be not less than 15 DEG C, after coming up night, daytime 20-23 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C.General seedling age about 30 days, field planting on May 20, adopts the mode field planting every an empty ridge, a ridge.(3) plastic mulching.Date of seeding, first after planting overlay film, seedling should leak informaton in time with unburned seedling after being unearthed than live morning 10-15 days.The mode every an empty ridge, a ridge is adopted to plant.For saving seedling from damage, paper-pot cultivation can be adopted or borrow the method for seedling to mend in own home institute and planting, preventing from being short of seedling.
Seven, field management:
1, chemical weed control.In the grassy weed 3-5 leaf phase, per hectare 12.5% Sethoxydin emulsion 1.5-2.25 kilogram, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying.Or per hectare 15% fluazifop-p-butyl missible oil 1.5 kilograms, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying.
2, thinning and final singling.Will carry out thinning after melon seedling all sprouts, general every hole stays two strains, and spacing wants far away.Stay a strain to prepare to do transplanting to fill the gaps with seedlings.Carry out final singling when melon seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, chosen position just, look just, plant that cotyledon is large, every hole stays a strain.If any being short of seedling, during final singling, to transplantation of seedlings be dug, and will along climing.
3, pour water.Pumpkin due to leaf area large, transpiration is strong, should pour water in time when arid is serious, and especially bear fruit phase and fruit expanding period are poured water not in time can causing melon and affect the formation of fruit seed.
4, prune, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, pinching and remove main root melon.
(1) prune.Every strain only stays a master climing, and lateral bine all removes.
(2) keep down the vines of a creeping plant.To keep down the vines of a creeping plant fixation, prevented from turning over seedling, promoted adventive root growth, increase absorption area.When melon climing long 50-70 cm, first time keeps down the vines of a creeping plant, and plays orientation.Later 50-100 cm pressure once, after melon, must keep down the vines of a creeping plant by two joint places.Method is fallen dry soil spade at leaf segment place, exposes wet soil, is pressed by climing for melon wet soil.Topdressing as combined, select the joint position before melon first to dig pit, fertilizer is applied, then ridging being treaded, then keeping down the vines of a creeping plant.
(3) pinching.For control melon climing indeterminate growth, ensureing to nourish and grow balances with reproductive growth, and pinching is very necessary.Way is that the 8-10 sheet leaf place after the second melon plucks growing point, more slightly buries with wet soil climing.About melon seedling about 1.5 meters, stays 2-3 young melon, and a melon needs 15-20 blade supply nutrition.
(4) remove main root melon.Main root melon is general all less, sets seeds few, wants that obtaining high yield must remove main root melon, stays, about about 10 leaves, stays melon from second melon.Main root melon is gone early to carry out, otherwise, consume nutrient in vain.
5, artificial pollination.Carry out artificial pollination, can fruit-setting rate be increased, improve grain yield.Before when time is morning to the morning 10.Method can directly be smeared on female chapiter with male flower anther.Also can collect pollen, be contained in gauze bag, abate, on female chapiter, also can be smeared with writing brush.Preferably put honeybee, per hectare 2-3 case, honeybee amount wants foot.
Eight, diseases and pests controlling:
1, ladybug is prevented and treated: at Seedling Stage, (about mid-June) occurs, can with the 15% the first insecticide cauline leaf sprayings in larval phase, to 300 kilograms, water, cauline leaf spraying.
2, prevent eliminating aphis.Per hectare 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 100-150 gram, to 300 kilograms, water, or by 1.8% Avermectin 3000 times, cauline leaf is sprayed.
3, squash marble dust is prevented and treated.Their early stage sprays medicine in time, and best leaf tow sides are all sprayed onto.Concrete grammar be per hectare the first insecticide to water 300-400 times liquid, carry out cauline leaf spraying, every 7-10 days spray once, continuous spraying 2-3 time.
4, pumpkin epidemic disease is prevented and treated.Select high-land, not easily the plot plantation pumpkin of ponding.Hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage plot, easily cause pestilence.Pumpkin and the crop rotation of the gramineous crop such as wheat, corn, be advisable with more than 3 years, and can not continuous cropping.Per hectare soil insecticide 1500 kilograms, is spread on around melon root before arriving rainy season.Also can at disease initial stage of origination, with the 25% the second insecticide cauline leaf sprayings, control disease and spread.
Nine, final-period management.
1, rainy season, the melon in furrow is taken on the platform of ridge, prevent rotten melon.The melon leaf covered on melon is fractureed simultaneously, allow melon expose, ventilation and penetrating light, impel precocity.
2, in the melon seeds half ripe phase, namely at the beginning of 8 months, if low temperature is rainy, to turns over to melon individual, prevent overcast and rainy rotting like this, melon seeds precocity can be urged again.Leaf nutritive agent or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 kilogram can be sprayed simultaneously, to improve maturity, increase yield.
Ten, to gather and seed harvest: after pumpkin fruit is plucked, have certain afterripening, be the plumpness improving seed, can gather, first harvest is ripe by stages, do not have full ripe after gather and keep muskmelon pedicel here, continue after-ripening.Pumpkin seperator is preferably used to carry out seed separation.Seed will clean in time, airing, the most handy window screening of pumpkin airing, because the upper and lower ventilation of window screening, every square metre of window screening can shine 1.5 kilograms, within 2 hours, stirs once, second day every square metre can shine 5 kilograms, often stir, prevent from causing and seal plate, dirty plate, improve seed grade.Pumpkin will accomplish after drying winnow with a dustpan with dustpan or raise with wooden winnowing spade with dry with processing, cleaning out, and leaves the place that ventilates in.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of pumpkin proposed by the invention, standardization pumpkin planting, improves the Quality and yield of pumpkin output, produces nuisanceless pumpkin, and improve planting benefit, proper scale truck garden is applied.
Claims (3)
1. a high-yield planting method for pumpkin, it comprises the steps:
One, prepare soil conditioner: soil conditioner is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: sugarcane stalk 10-15, wheat stalk 23-28, cushaw stem 5-8, straw 32-36, cottonseed cake 6-8, mushroom slag 6-8, weathered coal 10-12, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 13-16, zinc sulphate 0.2-0.3, manganese sulphate 0.02-0.03, ferrous sulfate 1-2, frutus cnidii 0.3-0.6, 2.5% decamethrin 2-3, ammonium molybdate 0.2-0.3, matrine 0.5-1.2, peppermint oil 2-3, urea 3-4, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 3-5, water 100,
Two, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtains: datura flower 2, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII 3, felwort 3, the coptis 1, purple perilla 1, thunder godvine 3, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, add 50% triadimefon missible oil 300-450 gram in every kilogram of A, mix to obtain the first insecticide; 2, datura flower obtained for previous step, RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII, felwort, the coptis, purple perilla, thunder godvine, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, the aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's missible oil containing 2% is injected again in this crushed material, the weight ratio of crushed material and the aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;
Three, selection of land and whole: select physical features higher, draining is good, the plot that the soil is porous, low-lying easy flood, the waterlogging plot of meeting rain ponding should not be planted, be excellent with black earth at the bottom of the sand that soil property is loose, in soil property, with soft sandy loam, light clay is advisable, pH value should between 5.5-6.8, heavy clay, saline land should not be planted, in crops for rotation, with corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat, paddy gruel waits gramineous crop to be advisable, with soybean, potato is medium, avoid with equal, belong to crop together and solanaceous crops heavily meets stubble, require 3-5 crop rotation once, preferably the autumn is wholely for method of soil preparation, spring is wholely also passable, turn over, rake, fertilising, ridging, suppression is worked continuously, in order to soil moisture conservation, the degree of depth of ploughing is 25-30 centimetre,
Four, apply fertilizers scientifically: apply in conjunction with whole every mu the farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram become thoroughly decomposed, soil conditioner 200-600 kilogram, soil insecticide 60-80 kilogram, peat composed of rotten mosses ash 50-100 kilogram, composite fertilizer 50-80 kilogram, broken ridge folder is fertile, in being evenly manured into soil, application fertilizer, kind can adopt diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and composite fertilizer, fertilizing amount can be determined according to soil fertility condition, the general per hectare amount of applying fertilizer to the subsoil 150-200 kilogram, as 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer or survey native formula fertilizer, general per hectare fertilizing amount is divided, be respectively 150 inferiorly, 200 kilograms, 2/3rds for pressing from both sides fertilizer, 1/3rd is fertile for mouth, will every a ridge when folder is fertile, press from both sides a ridge, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer will be clipped on a ridge, carry out mark, in order to sowing, topdress, pumpkin is flourishing, fertilizer-sucting quantity is large, topdress when the climing 3 centimetres of large left and right of melon, the most handy urea, topdressing amount is according to soil fertility, the growth of cereal crop seedlings and determining, general per hectare chases after urea 75-105 kilogram, fertile apart from melon root 7 cm pit digging point, ridging, for preventing later stage denitrogenation, in the pumpkin Shen climing phase, spray Yi Yuan bio-fertilizer, per hectare consumption 1 kilogram, to water 200-300 kilogram, cauline leaf is sprayed,
Five, seed selection and seed treatment: select white color, grain yield high, the kind of disease resistance, as avenged the kinds such as No. 1, city, Xuecheng No. 2, first by seed airing 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed as the 0.5-1h that soaks seed in the first insecticide, then to scald kind with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and ceaselessly stir 15min, then using Seed soaking 1 ~ 3h, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, wrap for subsequent use with the wet piece of sack or cloth;
Six, sow:
1, germination test is carried out, according to germination rate determination seeding quantity before sowing;
2, early sowing in good time, ground temperature is stable can be sowed by 10 DEG C, suit measures to local conditions, and according to the climatic characteristic determination date of seeding of locality, after emerging, the latest frost phase escaping locality is limited, and generally within after planting about 10 days, emerge, the concrete sowing time is between 10-15 day in May;
3, rational close planting, hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 15000-16500 strain, 70 centimetres of large ridges, empty ridge kind one ridge, spacing in the rows 45-50 centimetre, and this method saves fertilizer, improves the availability of fertilizer, is conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, effectively prevents and treats epidemic disease, be convenient to field management again;
4, seeding quantity, per hectare sowing quantity 15-17 kilogram;
Seven, field management:
1, chemical weed control, in the grassy weed 3-5 leaf phase, per hectare 12.5% Sethoxydin emulsion 1.5-2.25 kilogram, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying, or per hectare 15% fluazifop-p-butyl missible oil 1.5 kilograms, to water 225-300 kilogram of cauline leaf spraying;
2, thinning and final singling, thinning will be carried out after melon seedling all sprouts, general every hole stays two strains, and spacing wants far away, stays a strain to prepare to do transplanting and fills the gaps with seedlings, final singling is carried out when melon seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, want chosen position just, look just, plant that cotyledon is large, every hole stays a strain, if any being short of seedling, to transplantation of seedlings be dug during final singling, and will along climing;
3, pour water, pumpkin due to leaf area large, transpiration is strong, should pour water in time when arid is serious, and especially bear fruit phase and fruit expanding period are poured water not in time can causing melon and affect the formation of fruit seed;
4, prune, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, pinching and remove main root melon;
(1) prune, every strain only stays a master climing, and lateral bine all removes;
(2) keep down the vines of a creeping plant, fixation of having kept down the vines of a creeping plant, prevents from turning over seedling, promote adventive root growth, increase absorption area, when melon climing long 50-70 cm, first time keeps down the vines of a creeping plant, play orientation, later 50-100 cm pressure once, after melon, must keep down the vines of a creeping plant by two joint places, method is fallen dry soil spade at leaf segment place, exposes wet soil, is pressed by climing for melon wet soil, topdressing as combined, selecting the joint position before melon first to dig pit, fertilizer is applied, ridging is treaded again, then keeps down the vines of a creeping plant;
(3) pinching, for the climing indeterminate growth of control melon, guarantee is nourished and grown and to be balanced with reproductive growth, pinching is very necessary, way is that the 8-10 sheet leaf place after the second melon plucks growing point, more slightly buries with wet soil climing, about melon seedling about 1.5 meters, stay 2-3 young melon, a melon needs 15-20 blade supply nutrition;
(4) remove main root melon, main root melon is general all less, sets seeds few, wants that obtaining high yield must remove main root melon, stays, about about 10 leaves, stays melon, go main root melon early to carry out from second melon, otherwise, consume nutrient in vain;
5, artificial pollination, carries out artificial pollination, can increase fruit-setting rate, improve grain yield, before when time is morning to the morning 10, method can directly be smeared on female chapiter with male flower anther, also can collect pollen, be contained in gauze bag, abate, on female chapiter, also can be smeared with writing brush, preferably put honeybee, per hectare 2-3 case, honeybee amount wants foot;
Eight, diseases and pests controlling:
1, ladybug is prevented and treated: at Seedling Stage, (about mid-June) occurs, can with the 15% the first insecticide cauline leaf sprayings in larval phase, to 300 kilograms, water, cauline leaf spraying;
2, anti-ly to eliminate aphis, per hectare 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 100-150 gram, to 300 kilograms, water, or by 1.8% Avermectin 3000 times, cauline leaf spraying;
3, prevent and treat squash marble dust, their early stage sprays medicine in time, and best leaf tow sides are all sprayed onto, concrete grammar be per hectare the first insecticide to water 300-400 times liquid, carry out cauline leaf spraying, every 7-10 days spray once, continuous spraying 2-3 time;
4, prevent and treat pumpkin epidemic disease, select high-land, not easily the plot plantation pumpkin of ponding, hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage plot, easily cause pestilence, pumpkin and the crop rotation of the gramineous crop such as wheat, corn, be advisable with more than 3 years, and can not continuous cropping, per hectare soil insecticide 1500 kilograms, is spread on around melon root before arriving rainy season, also can at disease initial stage of origination, with the 25% the second insecticide cauline leaf sprayings, control disease and spread;
Nine, gather and seed harvest: after pumpkin fruit is plucked, there is certain afterripening, for improving the plumpness of seed, can gather by stages, first harvest is ripe, do not have full ripe after gather and keep muskmelon pedicel here, continue after-ripening, pumpkin seperator is preferably used to carry out seed separation, seed will clean in time, airing, the most handy window screening of pumpkin airing, because on window screening, lower ventilation, every square metre of window screening can shine 1.5 kilograms, within 2 hours, stir once, second day every square metre can shine 5 kilograms, often stir, prevent from causing and seal plate, dirty plate, improve seed grade, pumpkin will be accomplished after drying with dry with processing, winnow with a dustpan with dustpan or raise with wooden winnowing spade, clean out, leave the place that ventilates in.
2. the high-yield planting method of a kind of pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that type of seeding is: adopt bunch planting, 20 centimeter length are dug along ridge, 15 centimetres of dark holes, step on a pin, one edge point seed 3, interval 7-10 centimetre between seed, plant in order to benefit, while it is fertile to execute appropriate mouth, fertile seed interval 3-5 centimetre, prevent fertilizer damage, earthing 3-5 centimetre, tread again, all suppress once again after finishing, if arid, can hole irrigation for seeding, running check germination is wanted after broadcasting, find that vole eats seed, rotten seed will be reseeded in time, also machine sowing method can be taked, as run into special circumstances, following technology can be taked: sow after (1) vernalization, after during 50 DEG C of emerge in worm water 10-12, the gunnysack soaked with two wraps in centre seed, be placed on heated kang and keep constant temperature about 30 DEG C, duty is wanted to stir, within 30 hours, can sprout, plant bud to be advisable with firm broken shell, (2) seedling raising and transplanting, generally should in field planting sowing in first about 30 days, select the feeding block seedlings raising of 8 × 8 centimetres, Nutrition Soil ratio is well-rotted farmyard manure: field soil: horsehit or ashes are 4:5:1, sieve after mixing thoroughly, every cubic metre adds 1 kilogram of 64% diammonium phosphate, 0.25 kilogram of 50% potassium sulfate, temperature treatment, daytime 30 DEG C, be not less than 15 DEG C night, after coming up, daytime 20-23 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C, general seedling age about 30 days, field planting on May 20, adopt the mode field planting every an empty ridge, a ridge, (3) plastic mulching, date of seeding, is than live morning 10-15 days, first after planting overlay film, seedling should leak informaton in time with unburned seedling after being unearthed, the mode every an empty ridge, a ridge is adopted to plant, for saving seedling from damage, paper-pot cultivation can be adopted or borrow the method for seedling to mend in institute and plant, prevent from being short of seedling.
3. the high-yield planting method of a kind of pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it also comprises final-period management technique, final-period management is:
1, rainy season, the melon in furrow is taken on the platform of ridge, prevent rotten melon, the melon leaf covered on melon is fractureed simultaneously, allow melon expose, ventilation and penetrating light, impel precocity;
2, in the melon seeds half ripe phase, namely at the beginning of 8 months, if low temperature is rainy, to turns over to melon individual, prevent overcast and rainy rotting like this, melon seeds precocity can be urged again, leaf nutritive agent or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 kilogram can be sprayed simultaneously, to improve maturity, increase yield.
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