CN103597968A - Greenhouse efficient cultivation mode for early spring tomatoes, summer cowpeas and autumn Chinese parsleys - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse efficient cultivation mode for early spring tomatoes, summer cowpeas and autumn Chinese parsleys. The cultivation mode specifically comprises the steps of: crop rotation arrangement, an early spring tomato cultivation mode, a summer cowpea cultivation mode, and an autumn Chinese parsley cultivation mode. The greenhouse efficient cultivation mode for the early spring tomatoes, the summer cowpeas and the autumn Chinese parsleys can better adapt to the market condition, guarantee early marketing and long marketing period and is conductive to improving yield and economic benefit and increasing income of farmers.

Description

A kind of early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander booth Efficient Cultivation pattern

Technical field

The present invention relates to cultivation of plants pattern technology field, relate in particular to tomato and the booth Efficient Cultivation pattern of summer cowpea and autumn coriander in a kind of early spring.

Background technology

Development high-efficiency agriculture is the basic demand of building modern agriculture, is the important channel that promotes increasing peasant income.It is the opera involving much singing and action of high-efficiency agriculture that vegetables produce, and development high-efficient planting patterns is the effective means that improves growing vegetables benefit.Facts have proved, pattern one becomes, get instant result, and benefit multiplication.For further accelerating the development of high-efficiency agriculture, promote my regional vegetables industry more to reach a new level, now in conjunction with local vegetables, produce actual, to numerous vegetable growers and growing vegetables rich and influential family, provide a kind of applicability strong, profitable cropping pattern, that is: early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander a booth Efficient Cultivation pattern, adopt this pattern can better adapt to market conditions, guarantee listing early and the listing phase long, be of value to and improve output, economic benefit, increase peasant household's income.Every mu of this pattern can be produced 4000 kilograms of tomatos, 12000 yuans of the output values; Can produce 1800 kilograms of cowpeas, 5400 yuans of the output values; Can produce 800 kilograms of corianders, 3200 yuans of the output values, 20600 yuans of the annual mu gross output values.Because of traditional to early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander cultivation mode relatively backward, cause the Quality and yield of product very low, the income at plantation family is very low, cannot meet the needs at market and plantation family within a very long time.

Therefore, need to provide a kind of early spring tomato and the booth Efficient Cultivation pattern of summer cowpea and autumn coriander to address the above problem.

Summary of the invention

In order to address this problem, the invention discloses tomato and the booth Efficient Cultivation pattern of summer cowpea and autumn coriander in a kind of early spring, described cultivation mode concrete steps are as follows: crops for rotation arrangement, early spring tomato cultivation mode, summer cowpea cultivation mode, autumn coriander cultivation mode.

Described crops for rotation are arranged to: early spring, tomato was preferentially cultivated, then mid-December seeding and seedling raising, the field planting of late Febuary in the coming year, can cover multilayer film, or adds a cover straw screen or mat and improve temperature of shed, guarantees to early go public early spring, pluck to finish by the end of June; Thereafter cultivate summer cowpea, in early July sowing, can gather mid-August, and the end of gathering mid-October can be taken film off during planting it; Cultivate autumn coriander, in late October sowing, along with temperature reduces, can again be covered with film, guarantee again to plant under temperature conditions, can be continued until and pluck end February next year thereafter.

Described early spring, tomato cultivation mode comprised:

1. kind is selected: select that disease-resistant, precocious, cold-resistant, low light tolerance, inflorescence joint position are low, in result set, the kind of yielding ability, as rich in morning powder No. 2, mao powder 802, morning, morning the improved seeds such as chief, Qiang Feng;

2. seeding and seedling raising: by the deployed organic matter that is rich in, air capacity of soils is good, preserve moisture and fertility and do not insert seedbed containing cause of disease material Nutrition Soil, pave evenly, steady and sure leveling, waters the water of revealing the exact details, then select not have in continuous 3-4 days the fine day of sleety weather to sow the morning, for the ease of evenly sowing seeds, in chitting piece, mix equivalent fine earth or fine sand and broadcast sowing, after finishing, seedbed covers 1-1.2 cm thick with the fine earth that sieves, last furrow face upper cover layer of plastic film, with heat and moisture preserving, promotes to emerge;

3. wholely with fertilising: after front stubble results, remove in time residual seedling weeds, in conjunction with the 666.7m that ploughs ²manuring 5000-7500kg, superphosphate 50kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, harrows after thin an animal-drawn seed plough is put down and does furrow, furrow row spacing 80-90cm, furrow width 40cm, the high 10-15cm of furrow, needs 10-20 days button canopies in advance before field planting, to improve ground temperature in canopy, promote early to delay seedling after tomato field planting;

4. field planting: the field planting of tomato booth in early spring requires the interior minimum air temperature of canopy more than 3-5 ℃, and select fine day to carry out the morning, the field planting degree of depth is advisable so that nutritive cube top and ground are flat, can adopt and fill with flood field planting, when temperature of shed is lower, also can adopt and first dig cave, Dian Shui, then plant seedling, with wet soil, obturage, can covering with plastic film in booth, also can take hut, in order to temperature raising insulation, plantation density: early-maturing variety is with 4000-5000 strains/666.7m ²be advisable; Medium variety is with 3000-3500 strain/666.7m ²be advisable, after field planting, seal immediately booth, to improve as early as possible temperature of shed, accelerate slow seedling;

5. ventilate and temperature and humidity regulation: cold-proof heat insulation is the important step of spring plastic house cultivation, after field planting, to apply straw screen or mat tight all around by booth that night, in 4-5 days, seedling-slowing stage is conventionally stuffy, after daytime is sunny, remove in time the booth south to the straw screen or mat on thing both sides, increase the illuminating area of canopy, improve canopy temperature, promote slow seedling, if meet low temperature, can adopt the measure of adding a cover hut in booth; The measure that also can adopt electric furnace or stove temporarily to heat, to improve temperature of shed, accelerates slow seedling, after slow seedling, temperature keeps 25-28 ℃ of daytime, night 13-15 ℃ in canopy, prevents that night temperature is too high, rice shoot excessive growth, fine day noon, booth both sides will ventilate to exitting and lower the temperature, and avoid excess Temperature, and roasting seedling occurs;

6. pour water and apply fertilizer: water sufficient field planting water to before the first fringe fruit stone peach size, conventionally do not water, emphasis is intertillage soil moisture conservation, when the first fringe really grows to walnut, start to pour water, topdress when large, can be with water 666.7m ²impose urea 10-15kg, or night soil 5000-7000kg, after this, at second, third fringe fruit expanding stage, topdress respectively again 1 time, pour water can according to soil moisture content keep seeing dry see wet;

7. HORMONE TREATMENT: early spring, tomato was because temperature is low, illumination is poor, bear fruit bad, in first inflorescence flowering stage with 12-15 μ L/L2,4-D smears anthocaulus or bud, or with 20-30 μ L/L tomato spirit spraying decoration, to improve fruit-setting rate, second, third inflorescence phase, with outside air temperature, raise, the working concentration of 4-D and tomato spirit should suitably reduce, and utilizes ethephon to accelerate the ripening of fruit, can do sth. in advance listing in 5-7 days, common method is to gather after fruit turns white, and with the ethephon solution of 2000-4000 μ L/L, soaks fruit, after taking-up, be placed under 22-25 ℃ of conditions, urge red;

Described summer cowpea cultivation mode comprises:

1. kind is selected: guaranteeing that color and luster is suitable, high temperature does not rouse seed, on the strong basis of disease resistance, selects high yield kind, the kind such as beautiful as raw, strange in magnificent cowpea, full king's cowpea, magnificent morning;

2. site preparation and fertilization: mu is executed 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 1 kilogram of borax (executing once for 3 years), 50 grams of ammonium molybdates, fertilizer two sides, apply 40% and poison 400 milliliters of slave girls with poison while plowing, control soil insect, high ridge is played in south, high flat furrow are played in the Huanghe valley, and ground is pressed line-spacing with 60 centimetres of black mulch films and covered, and not only can prevent growth of weeds but also the prevention waterlogging that can preserve soil moisture;

3. sow: density is rarer than spring sowing, kind of a 1.5-1.7 kilogram for mu, 2800-3000 cave/mu, two, every cave, 1.5 meters of cultivation two row of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, first overlay film is sowed again, selects to sow after indoor presprouting of seeds again;

4. Seedling Stage management: the high cultivation of temperature Seedling Stage is very short, the climing 15-20 of only having days from emerging to getting rid of, management main points are mainly diseases preventions, control is fertile, generally with 40 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, fills with root, control cowpea basal stem rot;

5. climbing frame period management: climing to manage to control water control fertilizer be main to climbing shelfful from getting rid of, keeping soil moisture content is that soil moisture content is 60-70% at yellow moisture in the soil state, before climbing full semi-frame, do not apply fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer definitely can not be executed, attention control damage by disease and insect, generally with 60 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles, add Rynaxypyr and mix spray medicine, when rainfall is large, will add the protective fungicides such as Da Kening or Carbatene, when plant strain growth point surpasses hack lever, timely pinching is pinched;

6. pod bearing period management: the one, water and fertilizer management will be caught up with, and particularly nitrogenous fertilizer will use sufficient, but single-dose application amount can not be too much, fertilizer placement can not be too near to plant, beyond 40 centimetres of plant, crosses and closely too much easily causes fallen leaves and mouse tail, general mu is executed urea 10-15 kilogram, after executing, will water in time; The 2nd, the reasonable safety uses the medicine pest control, bans use of high-toxic pesticide, generally with Rynaxypyr spray in 7 days, just can kill 95% insect one time, and residual few; The 3rd, prevent and treat disease, be mainly anthracnose early stage, leaf spot, later stage is mainly powdery mildew, and general medication is that therapeutic agent mixes and uses with protectant, as bromothalonil Jia Dakening, nitrile bacterium azoles adds Carbatene, forbidding triazolone, guarantees to spray medicine one time after rainfall, or a medicine of week spray, the 4th, rationally use foliage fertilizer, can make beanpod more beautiful, generally when preventing disease pest control, with potassium nitrate, add compound sodium nitrophenolate and mix sprinkling, conventional foliage fertilizer has high potassium treasured etc.;

Described autumn coriander cultivation mode comprises:

2. use sufficient fertilizer, thin whole ground: before plantation, with ploughing every 0.1 hectare, apply 3000-5000 kilograms of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed, furrow are done in the thin leveling of rake, and general furrow are wide 1 meter;

2. sowing: should first seed be rubbed with the hands and be opened before sowing, in case germinate slow and go out double seedlings, affect individual plant growth, 10-15 centimetres of drill spacings, ditch dark 5 centimetres; Broadcast sowing dark 4 centimetres of trench digging, drilling, broadcast sowing 2-3 centimetres of equal blindings, 5-6 kilograms of 0.1 hectare of sowing quantities, tramp with one's feet after broadcasting one time, then water, keep ground moistening, in order to emerging, broadcast the rear seedling of looking in time, while having soil compaction phenomenon while coming up as discovery, make the best use of time to spray water and loosen the soil, to help young shoot to be unearthed, promote ramp;

3. field management: carry out thinning final singling when seedling grows to 3 centimetres of left and right, general whole intertillage in vegetative period, loosen the soil, weeding 2-3 times, many when the soil of seedling top for the first time, with light-duty hand, take off hoe or the little rake skin that slightly breaks ground loosens the soil, eliminate hardening layer, pull out early unearthed weeds simultaneously, in order to coming up, grow vigorously, second carries out during inferior to 2-3 centimetres of heights of seedling, and the suitable chiselling of available little flat hoe of drilling, weed out the rank grass, to carry out when 5-7 centimetres of heights of seedling for the third time, treat that leaf portion obturages after ground, no matter be drilling or broadcast sowing, just no longer intertillage has been loosened the soil, just on purpose carry out uprooting weed several times, autumn coriander is not drought-enduring, must every 5-7 days, gently water one time water, substantially be to water the time of infertility 5-7 times, often keep ground moistening, give birth to and impose 15 kilograms, urea 0.1 hectare of mid-term, to guarantee good growth,

4, results and storage: autumn coriander was at after planting 30 days, and results can pull, and also can once gather in the crops.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: a kind of early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander booth Efficient Cultivation pattern, adopt this pattern can better adapt to market conditions, guarantee that listing morning and listing phase are long, be of value to and improve output, economic benefit, increase peasant household's income.

Embodiment

Early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander a booth Efficient Cultivation pattern, described cultivation mode concrete steps are as follows: crops for rotation arrangement, early spring tomato cultivation mode, summer cowpea cultivation mode, autumn coriander cultivation mode.

Described crops for rotation are arranged to: early spring, tomato was preferentially cultivated, then mid-December seeding and seedling raising, the field planting of late Febuary in the coming year, can cover multilayer film, or adds a cover straw screen or mat and improve temperature of shed, guarantees to early go public early spring, pluck to finish by the end of June; Thereafter cultivate summer cowpea, in early July sowing, can gather mid-August, and the end of gathering mid-October can be taken film off during planting it; Cultivate autumn coriander, in late October sowing, along with temperature reduces, can again be covered with film, guarantee again to plant under temperature conditions, can be continued until and pluck end February next year thereafter.

Described early spring, tomato cultivation mode comprised:

1. kind is selected: select that disease-resistant, precocious, cold-resistant, low light tolerance, inflorescence joint position are low, in result set, the kind of yielding ability, as rich in morning powder No. 2, mao powder 802, morning, morning the improved seeds such as chief, Qiang Feng;

2. seeding and seedling raising: by the deployed organic matter that is rich in, air capacity of soils is good, preserve moisture and fertility and do not insert seedbed containing cause of disease material Nutrition Soil, pave evenly, steady and sure leveling, waters the water of revealing the exact details, then selecting did not have the fine day of sleety weather to sow the morning in continuous 3-4 days, for the ease of evenly sowing seeds, in chitting piece, mix equivalent fine earth or fine sand and broadcast sowing, after finishing, seedbed covers 1-1.2 cm thick with the fine earth that sieves, last furrow face upper cover layer of plastic film, with heat and moisture preserving, promotes to emerge;

3. wholely with fertilising: after front stubble results, remove in time residual seedling weeds, in conjunction with the 666.7m that ploughs ²manuring 5000-7500kg, superphosphate 50kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, harrows after thin an animal-drawn seed plough is put down and does furrow, furrow row spacing 80-90cm, furrow width 40cm, the high 10-15cm of furrow, needs 10-20 days button canopies in advance before field planting, to improve ground temperature in canopy, promote early to delay seedling after tomato field planting;

4. field planting: the field planting of tomato booth in early spring requires the interior minimum air temperature of canopy more than 3-5 ℃, and select fine day to carry out the morning, the field planting degree of depth is advisable so that nutritive cube top and ground are flat, can adopt and fill with flood field planting, when temperature of shed is lower, also can adopt and first dig cave, Dian Shui, then plant seedling, with wet soil, obturage, can covering with plastic film in booth, also can take hut, in order to temperature raising insulation, plantation density: early-maturing variety is with 4000-5000 strain/666.7m ²be advisable; Medium variety is with 3000-3500 strain/666.7m ²be advisable, after field planting, seal immediately booth, to improve as early as possible temperature of shed, accelerate slow seedling;

5. ventilate and temperature and humidity regulation: cold-proof heat insulation is the important step of spring plastic house cultivation, after field planting, to apply straw screen or mat tight all around by booth that night, in 4-5 days, seedling-slowing stage is conventionally stuffy, after daytime is sunny, remove in time the booth south to the straw screen or mat on thing both sides, increase the illuminating area of canopy, improve canopy temperature, promote slow seedling, if meet low temperature, can adopt the measure of adding a cover hut in booth; The measure that also can adopt electric furnace or stove temporarily to heat, to improve temperature of shed, accelerates slow seedling, after slow seedling, temperature keeps 25-28 ℃ of daytime, night 13-15 ℃ in canopy, prevents that night temperature is too high, rice shoot excessive growth, fine day noon, booth both sides will ventilate to exitting and lower the temperature, and avoid excess Temperature, and roasting seedling occurs;

6. pour water and apply fertilizer: water sufficient field planting water to before the first fringe fruit stone peach size, conventionally do not water, emphasis is intertillage soil moisture conservation, when the first fringe really grows to walnut, start to pour water, topdress when large, can be with water 666.7m ²impose urea 10-15kg, or night soil 5000-7000kg, after this, at second, third fringe fruit expanding stage, topdress respectively again 1 time, pour water can according to soil moisture content keep seeing dry see wet;

7. HORMONE TREATMENT: early spring, tomato was because temperature is low, illumination is poor, bear fruit bad, at the first inflorescence use in flowering stage 12-15 μ L/L2,4-D smears anthocaulus or bud, or with 20-30 μ L/L tomato spirit spraying decoration, to improve fruit-setting rate, second, third inflorescence phase, with outside air temperature, raise, the working concentration of 4-D and tomato spirit should suitably reduce, and utilizes ethephon to accelerate the ripening of fruit, can do sth. in advance listing in 5-7 days, common method is to gather after fruit turns white, and with the ethephon solution of 2000-4000 μ L/L, soaks fruit, after taking-up, be placed under 22-25 ℃ of conditions, urge red;

Described summer cowpea cultivation mode comprises:

1. kind is selected: guaranteeing that color and luster is suitable, high temperature does not rouse seed, on the strong basis of disease resistance, selects high yield kind, the kind such as beautiful as raw, strange in magnificent cowpea, full king's cowpea, magnificent morning;

2. site preparation and fertilization: mu is executed 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 1 kilogram of borax (executing once for 3 years), 50 grams of ammonium molybdates, fertilizer two sides, apply 40% and poison 400 milliliters of slave girls with poison while plowing, control soil insect, high ridge is played in south, high flat furrow are played in the Huanghe valley, and ground is pressed line-spacing with 60 centimetres of black mulch films and covered, and not only can prevent growth of weeds but also the prevention waterlogging that can preserve soil moisture;

3. sow: density is rarer than spring sowing, kind of a 1.5-1.7 kilogram for mu, 2800-3000 cave/mus, two, every cave, 1.5 meters of cultivation two row of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, first overlay film is sowed again, selects to sow after indoor presprouting of seeds again;

4. Seedling Stage management: the high cultivation of temperature Seedling Stage is very short, and climing from emerging to getting rid of only have 15-20 days, management main points are mainly diseases preventions, control is fertile, generally with 40 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, fills with root, control cowpea basal stem rot;

5. climbing frame period management: climing to manage to control water control fertilizer be main to climbing shelfful from getting rid of, keeping soil moisture content is that soil moisture content is 60-70% at yellow moisture in the soil state, before climbing full semi-frame, do not apply fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer definitely can not be executed, attention control damage by disease and insect, generally with 60 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles, add Rynaxypyr and mix spray medicine, when rainfall is large, will add the protective fungicides such as Da Kening or Carbatene, when plant strain growth point surpasses hack lever, timely pinching is pinched;

6. pod bearing period management: the one, water and fertilizer management will be caught up with, and particularly nitrogenous fertilizer will use sufficient, but single-dose application amount can not be too much, fertilizer placement can not be too near to plant, beyond 40 centimetres of plant, crosses and closely too much easily causes fallen leaves and mouse tail, general mu is executed urea 10-15 kilogram, after executing, will water in time; The 2nd, the reasonable safety uses the medicine pest control, bans use of high-toxic pesticide, generally with Rynaxypyr spray in 7 days, just can kill 95% insect one time, and residual few; The 3rd, prevent and treat disease, be mainly anthracnose early stage, leaf spot, later stage is mainly powdery mildew, and general medication is that therapeutic agent mixes and uses with protectant, as bromothalonil Jia Dakening, nitrile bacterium azoles adds Carbatene, forbidding triazolone, guarantees to spray medicine one time after rainfall, or a medicine of week spray, the 4th, rationally use foliage fertilizer, can make beanpod more beautiful, generally when preventing disease pest control, with potassium nitrate, add compound sodium nitrophenolate and mix sprinkling, conventional foliage fertilizer has high potassium treasured etc.;

Described autumn coriander cultivation mode comprises:

3. use sufficient fertilizer, thin whole ground: before plantation, with ploughing every 0.1 hectare, apply 3000-5000 kilograms of farmyard manures that become thoroughly decomposed, furrow are done in the thin leveling of rake, and general furrow are wide 1 meter;

2. sowing: should first seed be rubbed with the hands and be opened before sowing, in case germinate slow and go out double seedlings, affect individual plant growth, 10-15 centimetres of drill spacings, ditch dark 5 centimetres; Broadcast sowing dark 4 centimetres of trench digging, drilling, broadcast sowing 2-3 centimetres of equal blindings, 5-6 kilograms of 0.1 hectare of sowing quantities, tramp with one's feet after broadcasting one time, then water, keep ground moistening, in order to emerging, broadcast the rear seedling of looking in time, while having soil compaction phenomenon while coming up as discovery, make the best use of time to spray water and loosen the soil, to help young shoot to be unearthed, promote ramp;

3. field management: carry out thinning final singling when seedling grows to 3 centimetres of left and right, general whole intertillage in vegetative period, loosen the soil, weeding 2-3 times, many when the soil of seedling top for the first time, with light-duty hand, take off hoe or the little rake skin that slightly breaks ground loosens the soil, eliminate hardening layer, pull out early unearthed weeds simultaneously, in order to coming up, grow vigorously, second carries out during inferior to 2-3 centimetres of heights of seedling, and the suitable chiselling of available little flat hoe of drilling, weed out the rank grass, to carry out when 5-7 centimetres of heights of seedling for the third time, treat that leaf portion obturages after ground, no matter be drilling or broadcast sowing, just no longer intertillage has been loosened the soil, just on purpose carry out uprooting weed several times, autumn coriander is not drought-enduring, must every 5-7 days, gently water one time water, substantially be to water the time of infertility 5-7 times, often keep ground moistening, give birth to and impose 15 kilograms, urea 0.1 hectare of mid-term, to guarantee good growth,

4, results and storage: autumn coriander was at after planting 30 days, and results can pull, and also can once gather in the crops.The present invention is illustrated by above-described embodiment, but should be understood that, above-described embodiment is the object for giving an example and illustrating just, but not is intended to the present invention to be limited in described scope of embodiments.In addition it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, according to instruction of the present invention, can also make more kinds of variants and modifications, these variants and modifications all drop in the present invention's scope required for protection.Protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalent scope thereof.

Claims (2)

1. Early spring tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander a booth Efficient Cultivation pattern, it is characterized in that: described cultivation mode concrete steps are as follows: crops for rotation arrangement, early spring tomato cultivation mode, summer cowpea cultivation mode, autumn coriander cultivation mode.
2. A kind of early spring according to claim 1 tomato and summer cowpea and autumn coriander booth Efficient Cultivation pattern, it is characterized in that: described crops for rotation are arranged to: early spring, tomato was preferentially cultivated, then mid-December seeding and seedling raising, the field planting of late Febuary in the coming year, can cover multilayer film, or add a cover straw screen or mat and improve temperature of shed, guarantee to early go public early spring, pluck and finish by the end of June; Thereafter cultivate summer cowpea, in early July sowing, can gather mid-August, and the end of gathering mid-October can be taken film off during planting it; Cultivate autumn coriander, in late October sowing, along with temperature reduces, can again be covered with film, guarantee again to plant under temperature conditions, can be continued until and pluck end February next year thereafter.

   Described early spring, outstanding eggplant cultivation mode comprised:

   1. kind is selected: select that disease-resistant, precocious, cold-resistant, low light tolerance, inflorescence joint position are low, in result set, the kind of yielding ability, as rich in morning powder No. 2, mao powder 802, morning, morning the improved seeds such as chief, Qiang Feng;

   2. seeding and seedling raising: by the deployed organic matter that is rich in, air capacity of soils is good, preserve moisture and fertility and do not insert seedbed containing cause of disease material Nutrition Soil, pave evenly, steady and sure leveling, waters the water of revealing the exact details, then selecting did not have the fine day of sleety weather to sow the morning in continuous 3-4 days, for the ease of evenly sowing seeds, in chitting piece, mix equivalent fine earth or fine sand and broadcast sowing, after finishing, seedbed covers 1-1.2 cm thick with the fine earth that sieves, last furrow face upper cover layer of plastic film, with heat and moisture preserving, promotes to emerge;

   3. wholely with fertilising: after front stubble results, remove in time residual seedling weeds, in conjunction with the 666.7m that ploughs ²manuring 5000-7500kg, superphosphate 50kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, harrows after thin an animal-drawn seed plough is put down and does furrow, furrow row spacing 80-90cm, furrow width 40cm, the high 10-15cm of furrow, needs 10-20 days button canopies in advance before field planting, to improve ground temperature in canopy, promote early to delay seedling after tomato field planting;

   4. field planting: the field planting of tomato booth in early spring requires the interior minimum air temperature of canopy more than 3-5 ℃, and select fine day to carry out the morning, the field planting degree of depth is advisable so that nutritive cube top and ground are flat, can adopt and fill with flood field planting, when temperature of shed is lower, also can adopt and first dig cave, Dian Shui, then plant seedling, with wet soil, obturage, can covering with plastic film in booth, also can take hut, in order to temperature raising insulation, plantation density: early-maturing variety is with 4000-5000 strain/666.7m ²be advisable; Medium variety is with 3000-3500 strain/666.7m ²be advisable, after field planting, seal immediately booth, to improve as early as possible temperature of shed, accelerate slow seedling;

   5. ventilate and temperature and humidity regulation: cold-proof heat insulation is the important step of spring plastic house cultivation, after field planting, to apply straw screen or mat tight all around by booth that night, in 4-5 days, seedling-slowing stage is conventionally stuffy, after daytime is sunny, remove in time the booth south to the straw screen or mat on thing both sides, increase the illuminating area of canopy, improve canopy temperature, promote slow seedling, if meet low temperature, can adopt the measure of adding a cover hut in booth; The measure that also can adopt electric furnace or stove temporarily to heat, to improve temperature of shed, accelerates slow seedling, after slow seedling, temperature keeps 25-28 ℃ of daytime, night 13-15 ℃ in canopy, prevents that night temperature is too high, rice shoot excessive growth, fine day noon, booth both sides will ventilate to exitting and lower the temperature, and avoid excess Temperature, and roasting seedling occurs;

   6. pour water and apply fertilizer: water sufficient field planting water to before the first fringe fruit stone peach size, conventionally do not water, emphasis is intertillage soil moisture conservation, when the first fringe really grows to walnut, start to pour water, topdress when large, can be with water 666.7m ²impose urea 10-15kg, or night soil 5000-7000kg, after this, at second, third fringe fruit expanding stage, topdress respectively again 1 time, pour water can according to soil moisture content keep seeing dry see wet;

   7. HORMONE TREATMENT: early spring, tomato was because temperature is low, illumination is poor, bear fruit bad, at the first inflorescence use in flowering stage 12-15 μ L/L2,4-D smears anthocaulus or bud, or with 20-30 μ L/L tomato spirit spraying decoration, to improve fruit-setting rate, second, third inflorescence phase, with outside air temperature, raise, the working concentration of 4-D and tomato spirit should suitably reduce, and utilizes ethephon to accelerate the ripening of fruit, can do sth. in advance listing in 5-7 days, common method is to gather after fruit turns white, and with the ethephon solution of 2000-4000 μ L/L, soaks fruit, after taking-up, be placed under 22-25 ℃ of condition, urge red;

   Described summer cowpea cultivation mode comprises:

   1. kind is selected: guaranteeing that color and luster is suitable, high temperature does not rouse seed, on the strong basis of disease resistance, selects high yield kind, the kind such as beautiful as raw, strange in magnificent cowpea, full king's cowpea, magnificent morning;

   2. site preparation and fertilization: mu is executed 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 1 kilogram of borax (executing once for 3 years), 50 grams of ammonium molybdates, fertilizer two sides, apply 40% and poison 400 milliliters of slave girls with poison while plowing, control soil insect, high ridge is played in south, high flat furrow are played in the Huanghe valley, and ground is pressed line-spacing with 60 centimetres of black mulch films and covered, and not only can prevent growth of weeds but also the prevention waterlogging that can preserve soil moisture;

   3. sow: density is rarer than spring sowing, kind of a 1.5-1.7 kilogram for mu, 2800-3000 cave/mu, two, every cave, 1.5 meters of cultivation two row of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, first overlay film is sowed again, selects to sow after indoor presprouting of seeds again;

   4. Seedling Stage management: the high cultivation of temperature Seedling Stage is very short, the climing 15-20 of only having days from emerging to getting rid of, management main points are mainly diseases preventions, control is fertile, generally with 40 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, fills with root, control cowpea basal stem rot;

   5. climbing frame period management: climing to manage to control water control fertilizer be main to climbing shelfful from getting rid of, keeping soil moisture content is that soil moisture content is at 60-70% at yellow moisture in the soil state, before climbing full semi-frame, do not apply fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer definitely can not be executed, attention control damage by disease and insect, generally with 60 milliliters of 10% nitrile bacterium azoles, add Rynaxypyr and mix spray medicine, when rainfall is large, will add the protective fungicides such as Da Kening or Carbatene, when plant strain growth point surpasses hack lever, timely pinching is pinched;

   6. pod bearing period management: the one, water and fertilizer management will be caught up with, and particularly nitrogenous fertilizer will use sufficient, but single-dose application amount can not be too much, fertilizer placement can not be too near to plant, beyond 40 centimetres of plant, crosses and closely too much easily causes fallen leaves and mouse tail, general mu is executed urea 10-15 kilogram, after executing, will water in time; The 2nd, the reasonable safety uses the medicine pest control, bans use of high-toxic pesticide, generally with Rynaxypyr spray in 7 days, just can kill 95% insect one time, and residual few; The 3rd, prevent and treat disease, be mainly anthracnose early stage, leaf spot, later stage is mainly powdery mildew, and general medication is that therapeutic agent mixes and uses with protectant, as bromothalonil Jia Dakening, nitrile bacterium azoles adds Carbatene, forbidding triazolone, guarantees to spray medicine one time after rainfall, or a medicine of week spray, the 4th, rationally use foliage fertilizer, can make beanpod more beautiful, generally when preventing disease pest control, with potassium nitrate, add compound sodium nitrophenolate and mix sprinkling, conventional foliage fertilizer has high potassium treasured etc.;

   Described autumn coriander cultivation mode comprises:

   1. use sufficient fertilizer, thin whole ground: before plantation, with ploughing every 0.1 hectare, apply the 3000-5000 kilogram of farmyard manure having become thoroughly decomposed, furrow are done in the thin leveling of rake, and general furrow are wide 1 meter;

   2. sowing: should first seed be rubbed with the hands and be opened before sowing, in case germinate slow and go out double seedlings, affect individual plant growth, drill spacing 10-15 centimetre, ditches dark 5 centimetres; Broadcast sowing dark 4 centimetres of trench digging, drilling, broadcast sowing equal blinding 2-3 centimetre, 0.1 hectare of sowing quantity 5-6 kilogram, tramps with one's feet after broadcasting one time, then water, keep ground moistening, in order to emerging, broadcast the rear seedling of looking in time, while having soil compaction phenomenon while coming up as discovery, make the best use of time to spray water and loosen the soil, to help young shoot to be unearthed, promote ramp;

   3. field management: carry out thinning final singling when seedling grows to 3 centimetres of left and right, general whole intertillage in vegetative period, loosen the soil, weeding 2-3 time, many when the soil of seedling top for the first time, with light-duty hand, take off hoe or the little rake skin that slightly breaks ground loosens the soil, eliminate hardening layer, pull out early unearthed weeds simultaneously, in order to coming up, grow vigorously, second carries out during inferior to height of seedling 2-3 centimetre, and the suitable chiselling of available little flat hoe of drilling, weed out the rank grass, to carry out in the time of height of seedling 5-7 centimetre for the third time, treat that leaf portion obturages after ground, no matter be drilling or broadcast sowing, just no longer intertillage has been loosened the soil, just on purpose carry out uprooting weed several times, autumn coriander is not drought-enduring, must gently water one time every 5-7 days water, substantially be to water 5-7 time the time of infertility, often keep ground moistening, give birth to and impose 15 kilograms, urea 0.1 hectare of mid-term, to guarantee good growth,

   4. results and storage: autumn coriander was at after planting 30 days, and results can pull, and also can once gather in the crops.