CN108094099A - Lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method - Google Patents
Lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lotus rhizome high yield cultivating methods, include the following steps：(1) lotus field selects；(2) site preparation and basal dressing；(3) time is transplanted：15 DEG C or more are risen in spring temperature, starts to transplant when 10 centimetres of depths ground temperature are up to 12 DEG C or more；(4) selection kind lotus root；(5) disinfection of lotus root is planted；(6) plant of lotus root is planted：1st, planting density：It is 1.5~2.5 meters to transplant line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is 0.5~1.5 meter；2nd, method for planting；(7) lotus field management：1st, water level is adjusted；2nd, reasonable top dressing；3rd, tillage and weeding；4th, lotus root head is turned；5th, fill the gaps with seedlings；6th, old leaf, folding flower stalk are plucked；7th, the prevention of lotus rhizome pest and disease damage is paid attention to.It is not easy that susceptible, pest and disease damage is few using this method lotus rhizome, reduces field pest management workload and cost, lotus rhizome yield is high, quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lotus rhizome planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Lotus rhizome belongs to Magnoliidae, the wild mesh of mountain dragon.Happiness is warm, not shade tolerant, unsuitable water shortage, strong wind.Lotus rhizome is slightly sweet and crisp, can eat raw
Also can cook, and medical value is quite high, its Gen Genyeye, stamen or pistil fruit, and fixed-point-free power automorphism is precious, can all nourish and be used as medicine.Use lotus
Powder is made in lotus root, and can help digestion antidiarrheal, and heat-clearing of whetting the appetite, nourishing nourishs one's nature, and prevents internal haemorrhage, is that women and children child old woman, valetudinarian are first-class
Supping and the good treasure of nourishing.
Lotus root is suitable in burning hot and rainy seasonal growth.It is mostly planted on the south the Changjiang river in 3-4 the first tenday period of a month month, Beijing area is mostly on May
Ten days plants.The subacidity or be bordering on neutral clay soil that lotus field selection soil is deep, organic matter enriches.The selection of lotus root kind need has this product
Kind character, lotus root are full, item bud is complete, lotus root body is loose, rhizoma nelumbinis is tiny, sturdy and bright in color the female lotus root of rear fertilizer or fully ripe
Sub- lotus root.Type of seeding preferably with dig, it is on-demand, with cultivation, also transplanted after feasible vernalization.Lotus field keeps 5-6cm shallow waters general early period, promotees
Into germination leaf development, mid-term depth of water 15-16cm；Later stage puts shallow water again, and lotus root is tied with profit.In growth course, oxygen and soil in air
Iron chemical combination in earth generates the bronzing rust staining of di-iron trioxide, is attached on lotus root epidermis.When lotus leaf is withered, the respiration of lotus root becomes
Slow, rust staining is gradually decreased because of reduction.Therefore, the priming leaf before harvesting, rust staining is washable to be removed.Leaf navel, petiole and subterranean stem have
Aerating tissue is connected, therefore the petiole that cannot fracture, in case water inlet causes plant to be rotted.Existing cultural method lotus rhizome pest and disease damage
It is more, yield is not high enough, it is impossible to the income brought for peasant.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of superior product quality, yield high lotus rhizome high-yield culturing side in view of the above problems
Method.
The present invention realize the technical solution that uses of its purpose for：
A kind of lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method, includes the following steps：
(1) lotus field selects：Select wind sheltering, on the sunny side, the soil is porous, it is fertile, rich in organic matter, pH value 6.5~7.5, irrigate
With draining all eaily fields；
(2) site preparation and basal dressing：It after lotus field is selected, is ploughed, 30~35 centimetres of tilling depth is ploughed for the last time
Before use sufficient base manure, fertilising is ploughed thin a kind of farm tools after turning over and is put down, and the shallow water for being put into 3~5 centimetres is waited to plant；
(3) time is transplanted：15 DEG C or more are risen in spring temperature, is started when 10 centimetres of depths ground temperature are up to 12 DEG C or more
Plant；
(4) selection kind lotus root：Select it is disease-free, without wound, plant without complete kind of lotus root of miscellaneous, fresh, bud head；
(5) disinfection of lotus root is planted；
(6) plant of lotus root is planted
1st, planting density：It is 1.5~2.5 meters to transplant line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is 0.5~1.5 meter, and the lotus root planted per acre will reach
200~400 bud heads.
2nd, method for planting：When transplanting field lotus root, field keeps 3~5 centimetres of shallow water, and by predetermined distance between rows and hills and whip lotus root
Trend, kind of a lotus root is distributed on the face of field；For side row from ridge l~1.5 meter, the depth of planting is 10~15 centimetres；
(7) lotus field management
1st, water level is adjusted：Water depth should, mid-term shallow according to early period be deep, the later stage, shallow principle was controlled by again；Plantation is just
For phase Tanaka's water level at 3~5 centimetres, floating leaf is maintained at 6~7 centimetres after occurring, and whens 2~3 vertical leaves rises to 10 centimetres；Later with
The rising of temperature, lotus rhizome plant grow tall, and gradually deepen to 20 centimetres, most deep be no more than 30 centimetres；It, should after leaf is occurred afterwards
Water in field is fallen shallow to l0 centimetres or so in 2~3 days, it is most deep to be no more than 20 centimetres, to promote to tie lotus root；
2nd, reasonable top dressing：Top dressing 2~3 times carries out for the first time when there is 1~2 vertical leaf；Second in lotus leaf Feng Hangqian
It carries out；Third time carries out before lotus root is tied；
3rd, tillage and weeding：In 1~2, vertical leaf, kind of lotus root surrounding soil can be taken off pine with hand and hoe after fertilising, in favor of lotus root
The growth of whip；Since lotus field weeding work to lotus leaf Feng Hangqian should terminate, carry out 2~3 times there is floating leaf；
4th, lotus root head is turned：It is carried out 1 time within every 5~7 days in early growth period, every 3~5 days of peak of growing season carried out 1 time；
5th, fill the gaps with seedlings；
6th, old leaf, folding flower stalk are plucked；
7th, the prevention of lotus rhizome pest and disease damage is paid attention to.
The basal dressing is to apply 2500~3000 kilograms of decomposed people or animal manure fertilizer or 3500~4000 kilograms of green manure per acre,
Or 200 kilograms of 100 kilograms of rape cake or microbial organic fertilizer and 100 kilograms of ammonium hydrogencarbonate, separately apply 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.
Described (five) plant lotus root sterilization method be：With 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, add 75% Bravo
800 times of liquid of wettable powder, spraying kind of a lotus root hereafter with covered rearing with plastic film, when bored kind of sealing 24 is small, can be sowed after drying.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Lotus rhizome is not easy that susceptible, pest and disease damage is few, reduce field pest management workload and
Cost, lotus rhizome yield is high, quality is good.
Specific embodiment
1 lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method of embodiment
(1) lotus field selects：Should select those wind shelterings, on the sunny side, the soil is porous, fertile, rich in organic matter, (content preferably exists
More than 1.5%, if reaching 3%~4% more preferably), pH value suitable for (pH value 6.5~7.5), retain water and nutrients ability is strong, irrigate and
Draining all eaily plants of field progress lotus root.
(2) site preparation and basal dressing；It after lotus field is selected, to be ploughed, general 30~35 centimetres of tilling depth, and be built
Good Chi Geng.Base manure is used sufficient before ploughing for the last time, general every 667 square metres apply to ferment people, animal muck 2500~
3000 kilograms or 3500~4000 kilograms of green manure or 200 kilograms of 100 kilograms of rape cake or microbial organic fertilizer and ammonium hydrogencarbonate
100 kilograms, separately apply 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.Fertilising is ploughed thin a kind of farm tools after turning over and is put down, and the shallow water for being put into 3~5 centimetres is waited to plant.Such as water in field
It is not easy to drain, just band water ploughs rake, and accomplishes Horizon, mud are rotten, depth is soft etc..First year kind crosses the old lotus field of lotus root, if having been left when digging lotus root
Kind lotus root, is not required to plant again, can not plough.But ridge is rebuild before emergence, and the lotus root within 1.5 meters away from ridge has all been dug
Out, in order to avoid new lotus root whip is grown outside field after budding.Meanwhile, it is to be noted that removing old lotus leaf, the lotus stem of Tanaka, burnt after preferably concentrating.
(3) time is transplanted：Lotus root lotus generally rises to 15 DEG C or more in spring temperature, 10 centimetres of depths ground temperature up to 12 DEG C with
Started to transplant when upper.Plant too early, temperature, ground temperature are relatively low, and kind lotus root is easily frozen rotten.If too late plant lotus root bud is longer, breakdown easy to break
Wound, poor to the adaptability of new environment, production period is also short, therefore, it is necessary to transplant in due course.
(4) variety selection and kind lotus root quality requirement：It should be according to different regions difference crops for rotation and reasonable to the different requirements of lotus root
Selection kind is transplanted.Plot preferably only plants a kind, should not miscegenation, in order to avoid variet complexity or because of natural hybridization
And cause mutation.Kind lotus root requires disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield kind (such as：Hubei Province lotus 1~No. 5, new No. 1 etc.) and it is disease-free, without wound,
No miscellaneous, fresh, complete kind of lotus root of bud head is planted.Kind of lotus root be usually with dig, it is on-demand, with cultivation, the same day plants the endless covering that should sprinkle water
Moisturizing is withered to prevent bud head dehydration is dry.When being introduced a fine variety from other places, kind lotus root should be with appropriate former soil.Heap height is no more than 1 meter during storing,
It is covered on heap with clean straw, straw bag or gunnysack, through common watering can watering moisturizing.After transporting to destination, it should rob and plant in time
Field.
(5) disinfection of lotus root is planted：The kind lotus root to return particularly is introduced often with some pathogen from other places, is being grown
It is easier to that disease occurs in journey.For this purpose, kind lotus root preferably first sterilizes and then transplants.The method of disinfection is：With 50% carbendazim or first
800 times of liquid of base thiophanate add 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, spraying kind lotus root.Hereafter it is close with covered rearing with plastic film
Seal bored kind 24 it is small when, can be sowed after drying.
(6) plant of lotus root is planted
1st, planting density：The planting density of field lotus root is because of kind, kind lotus root size, environmental condition and product supply Time To Market
Deng it is different and different.General early-maturing variety is closeer than late variety；Shallow water lotus root is closeer than deep water lotus root；With plants such as small lotus root, sub- lotus roots,
It is closeer than being transplanted with big lotus root, whole branch lotus root；The ratio for early adopting listing late adopts the close of listing.General plant line-spacing is 1.5~2.5 at present
O.5~1.5 meter rice, spacing in the rows is.The lotus root of every 667 square metres of plantations will reach 200~400 bud heads.
2nd, method for planting：When transplanting field lotus root, field keeps 3~5 centimetres of shallow water, and by predetermined distance between rows and hills and whip lotus root
Trend, kind of a lotus root is distributed on the face of field.For side row from ridge l~1.5 meter, the depth of planting is 10~15 centimetres.It will be by the shape of kind of lotus root
Shape is taken off furrow planting with hand and is entered, and not float as principle.General to take the mode tiltedly planted, i.e. lotus root head enters mud depth, and most deutomerite is micro- to stick up
Mud face, it is front and rear with ground level into 20 DEG C~25 DEG C of inclination angle.Expose mud when so can not only be effectively prevented subterranean stem extraction
Outside, and lotus root body can be made to improve own temperature close to sunlight, promotes early hair.If soil glues weight, walk stem after lotus root head plant and stretch
It is long more difficult, then preferably put down plant.It requires surrounding row lotus root is first to restrain towards in field during plant in principle, is stretched when being grown to prevent lotus whip
Go out outside field.Planting point on each row in field will mutually stagger, and kind lotus root lotus root head corresponds.To avoid lotus field center lotus whip overstocked,
Distance between two row kind lotus root of center should be increased suitably.It is preferably transplanted from regressing between Tanaka to both sides, is smoothed out immediately after cultivation.
(7) lotus field management
1st, water level is adjusted：General lotus field can not cut off the water supply.Water depth should, mid-term depth shallow according to early period, later stage and shallow original
Then it is controlled by.Plantation initial stage to improve ground temperature, accelerates to survive, stratification, Tanaka's water level can float leaf and occur at 3~5 centimetres
After be maintained at 6~7 centimetres, whens 2~3 vertical leaves, rises to 10 centimetres.Later as the rising of temperature, lotus rhizome plant grow tall, by
Gradually deepen to 20 centimetres, it is most deep to be no more than 30 centimetres.After leaf is occurred afterwards, water in field should be fallen shallow to l0 centimetres in 2~3 days
Left and right, it is most deep to be no more than 20 centimetres, to promote to tie lotus root.If water level is too deep at this time, promote to regenerate vertical leaf and delay knot lotus root.Entirely
Growth period requirement fluctuation in stage ease up, it is impossible to soar and break, when drought when flood.It after withered lotus, such as reserves seed for planting to next year, one should be kept
The water layer of depthkeeping degree, it is dry and cracked to prevent soil, in severe winter freezing subterranean stem.Soil block is hardened after can avoiding dry field simultaneously, it is difficult to dig.
Growth period avoids water in field from flooding vertical leaf it is noted that prevention waterlogging.Otherwise, even if water is decorporated in l~2 day, can also make
Into the underproduction of lotus root lotus；If flooding time is longer, then it can cause the death of plant.So flood season is it is noted that timely draining.Additionally
It is noted that anti-high wind.Because the petiole and bennet of lotus rhizome are more delicate, blade is larger, and most easily catching the wind fractures, have no progeny such as heavy rain or
Water level goes up, and water is made to be poured into from air flue in subterranean stem, is easily caused rotten.For this purpose, when high wind comes, it can suitably deepen water level, with
Protect lotus leaf, bennet etc..
2nd, reasonable top dressing：Lotus rhizome growth fertilizer requirement is big, and in addition to base manure is used sufficient, growth period should also carry out top dressing in due course.One
As top dressing 2~3 times.It is carried out for the first time when there is 1~2 vertical leaf, every 667 square metres are applied night soil or barnyard manure 1000~1500
Kilogram or 15 kilograms of urea, to promote vertical to cry growth；It is carried out for the second time in lotus leaf Feng Hangqian, every 667 square metres are applied composite fertilizer 50
Kilogram；Third time carries out before lotus root is tied, and every 667 square metres are applied 15 kilograms of 20 kilograms of composite fertilizer and potassium sulfate.If intend in 7 months
The last ten-days period adopt tender lotus root or lotus field fertility is higher, and plant growing way is more prosperous.Then third time top dressing can be without.During spraying fertilizer, to select
Sunny calm weather avoids the noon progress in burning sun.Part water in field should be bled off before fertilising, keeps shoaling layer, fertilizer penetrates into
Original water level is filled to after in soil again.If being stained with chemical fertilizer on blade face, water-sprinkling should rinse to burn immediately.
Quick lime is also the fertilizer of lotus root, the acid-base value for the water-saving soil that can not only wither after application and becomes excessively soft mud of macerating
It is more solid, be conducive to the growth of lotus rhizome, and also have prevention lotus root maggot, rot and the continuous effect occurred of water.Apply quick lime
Suitable time be when lotus rhizome grows 2 vertical leaves because young stem and young leaves are just grown at this time, be most vulnerable to the harm of lotus root maggot.
Quick lime apply when can also combine whole field before lotus rhizome is planted, apply quick lime time should with nitrogen fertilizer application or calcium superphosphate when
Between, being separated by 15 days or so is advisable.Such as being spaced too short can reduce fertilizer efficiency.First water in field is put when applying quick lime it is shallow, blocking life stone
Ash is spread at the less spaciousness of lotus leaf, after it is dissolved, is let go with spade, and it is made to be admixed with soil.Every 667 square metres with life
50 kilograms of lime.
3rd, tillage and weeding：In 1~2, vertical leaf, kind of lotus root surrounding soil can be taken off pine with hand and hoe after fertilising, in favor of lotus root
The growth of whip.Weeds can be inevitably multiplied in lotus field.Weeds are more, not only consume the nutriment of Tanaka, Er Qiezheng
Space and shading are kept out the wind, and harmful effect is caused to the growth of lotus root.Since lotus field weeding work to lotus leaf should seal and go there is floating leaf
Preceding end will generally carry out 2~3 times.Step is light during weeding, hinders subterranean stem to prevent stepping on, while protects stalk, leaf, in order to avoid do
Folding, damage.
4th, lotus root head is turned：Turn lotus root head be called back lotus root, disk arrow, turn lotus root tip etc., since plant pumping founds leaf and branch to
Before tying lotus root, regular switch lotus root head is answered, the purpose is to prevent lotus root whip from growing outside field, while is also prevented from the dilute close unevenness of plant in field.
It is carried out 1 time within every 5~7 days in early growth period, every 3~5 days of peak of growing season carried out 1 time.When seeing the leaf roll of new pumping in ridge only 1
When rice or so occurs, showing that lotus root head has approached ridge, it is necessary to timely switch lotus root head makes it go back in field, while as found in field
Plant density is uneven, should also try one's best overstocked lotus root head switch to sparse place, so that lotus whip is evenly distributed, improve yield.
Lotus root head should be found first by turning lotus root head.Most tender leaf generally before stem is walked from left or right to centre roll up and wrap in end segment by pumping, tender leaf
It leans forward, the direction of blade volume bag is the general direction for walking stem, the position of lotus root head 30~60 centimeters in front of leaf roll.Accordingly may be used
It stretches out one's hand and draws mud ditching walking stem both sides, and dig as far as possible and must grow (1~2 vertical leaf of band after terminal bud), be so not easily broken, then general
Lotus root head gently returns lotus root head nest in field together with rear section is held up, and is buried with mud.Turning lotus root head should be in fine day cauline leaf in afternoon softness
It carries out, to prevent being broken off due to cauline leaf is excessively tender and crisp.
5th, fill the gaps with seedlings：After kind lotus root plant, in growth due to various reasons, often it is present with disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling.For this purpose, it can adopt
It is filled the gaps with seedlings with the method for transplanting kind lotus root or lotus whip, to ensure effective strain number in field and improve yield.
6th, old leaf, folding flower stalk are plucked：After lotus rhizome plantation, when vertical leaf is covered with field face, floating leaf is gradually withered, and should be plucked in time
It removes, so that the irradiation that water in field is allowed to receive sunlight as much as possible improves the mild improvement aeration condition in ground.Some Li Yeyin disease pests
When evil or other reasons cause to turn to be yellow or wither, excision is also should give, to subtract oligotrophic consumption.Lotus root lotus is for the purpose of adopting lotus root
, bennet warpage (not broken, to be immersed with rainwater-proof) should be consumed nutrient in order to avoid blooming if any bud.In order to reduce lotus root body
Supracutaneous formae oxydatae improves the commercial quality of lotus root, can be before lotus root leaf and petiole are all withered, that is, about two weeks is left before adopting lotus root
Lotus root leaf and part petiole are cut off, lotus root are made to cease breathing by the right side together, so as to reduce the generation of formae oxydatae and promote to have invested lotus root body
The formae oxydatae reduction of epidermis.
7th, the prevention of lotus rhizome pest and disease damage is paid attention to.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) lotus field selects：Select wind sheltering, on the sunny side, the soil is porous, it is fertile, rich in organic matter, pH value 6.5~7.5, irrigate and row
Water all eaily fields；
(2) site preparation and basal dressing：It after lotus field is selected, is ploughed, 30~35 centimetres of tilling depth is applied before ploughing for the last time
Sufficient base manure, fertilising is ploughed thin a kind of farm tools after turning over and is put down, and the shallow water for being put into 3~5 centimetres is waited to plant；
(3) time is transplanted：15 DEG C or more are risen in spring temperature, starts to transplant when 10 centimetres of depths ground temperature are up to 12 DEG C or more；
(4) selection kind lotus root：Select it is disease-free, without wound, plant without complete kind of lotus root of miscellaneous, fresh, bud head；
(5) disinfection of lotus root is planted；
(6) plant of lotus root is planted
1st, planting density：It is 1.5~2.5 meters to transplant line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is 0.5~1.5 meter, the lotus root planted per acre will reach 200~
400 bud heads；
2nd, method for planting：When transplanting field lotus root, field keeps 3~5 centimetres of shallow water, and walking by predetermined distance between rows and hills and whip lotus root
To kind of a lotus root is distributed on the face of field；For side row from ridge l~1.5 meter, the depth of planting is 10~15 centimetres；
(7) lotus field management
1st, water level is adjusted：Water depth should, mid-term shallow according to early period be deep, the later stage, shallow principle was controlled by again；Plantation initial stage field
For middle water level at 3~5 centimetres, floating leaf is maintained at 6~7 centimetres after occurring, and whens 2~3 vertical leaves rises to 10 centimetres；Later with temperature
Rising, lotus rhizome plant grow tall, gradually deepen to 20 centimetres, it is most deep to be no more than 30 centimetres；It, should be 2 after leaf is occurred afterwards
Water in field is fallen shallow to l0 centimetres or so in~3 days, it is most deep to be no more than 20 centimetres, to promote to tie lotus root；
2nd, reasonable top dressing：Top dressing 2~3 times carries out for the first time when there is 1~2 vertical leaf；Second in lotus leaf envelope row advance
Row；Third time carries out before lotus root is tied；
3rd, tillage and weeding：In 1~2, vertical leaf, kind of lotus root surrounding soil can be taken off pine with hand and hoe after fertilising, in favor of lotus root whip
Growth；Since lotus field weeding work to lotus leaf Feng Hangqian should terminate, carry out 2~3 times there is floating leaf；
4th, lotus root head is turned：It is carried out 1 time within every 5~7 days in early growth period, every 3~5 days of peak of growing season carried out 1 time；
5th, fill the gaps with seedlings；
6th, old leaf, folding flower stalk are plucked；
7th, the prevention of lotus rhizome pest and disease damage is paid attention to.
2. lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The basal dressing for apply per acre decomposed people or
2500~3000 kilograms of animal manure fertilizer or 100 kilograms of 3500~4000 kilograms of green manure or rape cake or microbial organic fertilizer 200 are public
100 kilograms of jin and ammonium hydrogencarbonate, separately apply 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate.
3. lotus rhizome high yield cultivating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described (five) plant lotus root sterilization method be：
With 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, add 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, hereafter spraying kind lotus root is used
Covered rearing with plastic film, sealing bored kind 24 it is small when, can be sowed after drying.
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