CN110150014A - A kind of fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of citrus planting, and specifically discloses a method for industrialized planting of tangerines, including: S1, garden selection: choose 15 to 100 acres of deep soil, loose and fertile, good drainage, rich in organic matter, and a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5 Slightly acidic sandy loam or loam soil for gardening; S2, selection of fruit seedlings: choose disease-free citrus citrus seedlings with Ziyang orange as rootstock; S3, deep soil plowing: plow when the soil humidity is not high, and the direction is contour line or vertical For roads, plow once to a depth of about 60cm, rake once or twice until it is level, and dig drainage ditches; S4, planting: plant the disease-free citrus citrus seedlings, with a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 to 3 meters. Plant 56-110 plants per mu and plant them in the garden; S5, sapling management: fertilize after the first shoot turns green after planting, thin flowers and fruits in spring of the second year after planting, and expand holes in winter of the second year of planting Improve the soil, then fertilize again, and regularly trim and trim young trees; S6, fruit tree management. The method has a better level of industrialized planting management, resulting in higher planting yield and quality of the citrus citrus.

Description

A kind of industrialized planting method of citrus

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of citrus planting, and in particular relates to a method for industrialized planting of citrus.

Background technique

The breeding unit of Wogan is the Volcani Agricultural Research Center of Israel. The breeders are Pinhas Spiegel~Roy and Aliza Vardi. , which was bred by crossing the female parent "Temple" tangor (Temple) and the male parent "Dancy" mandarin (Dancy) (because the breeder has passed away, it is difficult to verify the real parents). After molecular identification by Jiang Dong's team from the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it was found that the Wogan was probably bred from the hybridization of Wang Gan and Mediterranean Tangerine. Among them, wang tangerine originated in Vietnam. Its peel is yellow, thick and rough, but it has high yield, late maturity and strong heat resistance. The disadvantage is that there are many seeds. Therefore, most of its hybrid offspring generally have the characteristics of hard peel and late maturity. Guangxi, which is adjacent to Vietnam, is a suitable planting area for the descendant of Wang Gan.

Although the current Wo mandarin is developing rapidly, and has achieved good performance in terms of area, output, and benefit, the management level is uneven and the technology is not strong enough, resulting in a greatly reduced industrial planting output and quality.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for industrialized planting of citrus tangerines, thereby overcoming the defects of greatly reduced yield and quality in industrialized planting.

To achieve the above object, the invention provides a method for industrialized planting of citrus citrus, comprising:

S1, garden selection: choose 15-100 acres of deep soil, loose and fertile, well-drained, rich in organic matter, slightly acidic sandy loam or loam soil with a pH value of 5.5-6.5 to build a garden; establish a water conservancy system in the garden, and the water conservancy system includes integrated water and fertilizer facilities and drainage system;

S2, fruit seedling selection: select disease-free Wo mandarin seedlings with Ziyang orange as rootstock;

S3, deep soil plowing: plow the land when the soil humidity is not high, and the direction is taken to the contour line or the vertical road. Plow once to a depth of about 60cm, then rake once or twice until it is level, and dig drainage ditches;

S4, field planting: field planting of disease-free citrus citrus seedlings, with a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 to 3 meters, and planting 56 to 110 plants per mu into the garden;

S5, young tree management:

(1) Fertilization of young trees: the fertilization of young trees should be done within 3 years of planting, and the holes should be expanded every year to improve the soil:

a. Fertilization method in the first year of planting: after the young trees turn green for the first time, use a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.3% through the water-fertilizer integration facility, apply 4.5-5kg per plant; Fertilize once in the first 15 days according to the fertilization method of turning green shoots for the first time, and then apply again according to the fertilization method of turning green shoots for the first time after self-cutting, and the amount of fertilization increases by 0.5kg each time; Before and after the rain, alternately apply 30-50g of urea or 50g of bio-organic fertilizer on a monthly basis, and fertilize at least 5 times a year; spray foliar fertilizer 1-2 times outside the root of each shoot and shoot period, and fertilize at a distance of 15-50g from the trunk. 20cm;

b. Fertilization method in the second year of planting: apply winter fertilizer before the Spring Festival, combined with hole expansion and soil improvement, alternately apply 50-95g urea or 100-150g bio-organic fertilizer per plant, and the amount of urea applied per plant is not More than 100g; when fertilizing, it should be 15-20 cm away from the trunk; the amount of fertilization should be increased by 0.5kg each time; fertilization should be done at least 5 times a year;

c. Fertilization method in the third year of planting: if no fruit is planned in the third year after planting, the fertilization method is the same as that in the second year of planting;

(2) Shaping and pruning method: young trees should be regularly fixed, shaped and budded after planting:

a. The method of fixing the stem: After the planting is alive, it should be cut and fixed at the place 30-50cm above the ground, where the buds in the middle of the branches are full; It is the trunk; the branches and buds germinated on the trunk need to be wiped off in time to keep the trunk at a height of more than 30cm after entering production;

b. Shaping method: In the first year, select 3 to 4 shoots with the same growth in different directions in the plastic belt to cultivate them as first-level main branches; after each shoot, select 3 to 4 branches with uniform growth and reasonable distribution. When the shoots are mature, cut them short and leave 20-25cm shoots containing 6-8 leaves to promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots, so as to form secondary, tertiary, and quaternary main shoots. Branches; for trees that are ready to be put into production in the coming year, the autumn shoots cannot be cut short after they are mature; for plants with upright branches, use a string to pull the main branch to about 50° after the new shoots are mature or before germination, and return to 45° after loosening. Untie the string after 25-30 days to open the canopy;

c. The method of smearing the buds and releasing the shoots: pick the heart properly before cutting the base shoots each time to speed up the maturity of the shoots; after the shoots are mature, leave 20-25cm branches and leave 6-8 leaves for short cutting, Thin out too many weak buds in time when the new buds grow to 5-6cm, and leave only 2-3 healthy buds with a reasonable distribution on each basal shoot; each time when the buds are thinned, select a new bud with uniform growth. Shoots; such a cycle until more than 100 autumn shoots are cultivated to enter the initial fruit-bearing period when put into production;

(3) Management method for controlling flowers and fruits: Take measures for thinning flowers and fruits in the spring of the second year of planting for young trees:

a. Spraying plant growth regulator and irrigation: Spray gibberellic acid with a mass fraction of 50ppm and urea with a mass fraction of 50ppm and urea with a mass fraction of 50ppm when the shoots start to mature for the last time in winter, and spray 1 or 2 times;

b. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9 to 12 days before spring shoots;

(4) Soil management method: the method of combining plastic film and tree tray mulching:

a. Method of plastic film covering: use black film or silver gray film or grass-proof cloth or water-absorbing flannelette for plastic film; when covering with plastic film, only a small part around the main trunk is left exposed; take out after covering with plastic film for 2 to 3 years until the crown of the tree expands;

b. The method of covering with tree trays: the tree trays under the canopy should be covered with grass, the thickness of the grass should be 10-20cm, and new coverings should be added every year;

(5) Water management method: excavate the main ditch no less than 60×60cm, the side ditch no less than 40×40cm, and the side ditch no less than 20×20cm;

S6, result tree management:

(1) Fertilization method:

a. Fertilization method of base fertilizer: before and after the winter solstice, excavate a fertilization ditch at the drip line of the crown of the plant, the ditch depth is 15-40cm; apply decomposed organic fertilizer 10-20kg, compound fertilizer 0.5-1.0kg, green manure weed 0.5kg, Mix 0.5kg of lime, 0.1-2kg of boron, 0.2-0.25kg of zinc, and 0.15-0.23kg of magnesium and apply them to the covering soil of each plant;

b. Fertilization method of spring shoot fertilizer: apply it 10-15 days before germination, apply 10-30kg of cake fertilizer and manure water fertilizer to each plant, and use 0.3-0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to drench by irrigation and fertilization;

c. The fertilization method of Xiehuabaoguofei: 70% of Xiehua to one week after Xiehua, apply 0.2～0.3kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per plant for fruit trees with a plant yield of 25kg;

d. Fertilization method of autumn shoot fertilizer for strong fruit attack: 20 days before the shoot is released, the fertilizer for strong fruit attack autumn shoot is mainly organic fertilizer, 1.5-3kg of cake fertilizer per plant, 10-15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 urea kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, apply and cover along the drip line of the crown;

e. Fertilization method for topdressing strong fruit fertilizer: after the autumn shoots are pumped, apply water and fertilizer 1 to 2 times a month in combination with drought resistance, and the water and fertilizer are high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers;

(2) The method of cultivating strong autumn shoots:

a. The period of fixed autumn shoots: start to release autumn shoots around the beginning of autumn, and the shoot time is from mid-August to early September;

b. The method of fertilizing before putting the autumn shoots: fertilizing 15-20 days before putting the autumn shoots. If the fruiting capacity of a single plant is 50kg, apply 1.0kg of high nitrogen, 1.0kg of high potassium, and 1.0kg of low-phosphorus compound fertilizer to each plant; Add 0.1-0.15 kg of urea to trees with weak potential or too many fruits;

c. The method of pruning and fruit thinning in autumn: short-cut the apex of weak branches and old branches, and leave strong branches and buds at the cut; Short cut at 6 leaves; cut off dense cross branches, thin and weak branches, and diseased and insect branches; for fruit trees with a lot of fruit bearing, thin out the top part of the fruit and the small fruit in the lower part, combined with fruit thinning, short cut the result of few leaves Mother branches and fallen flower and fruit branches; for fruit trees with less fruit bearing and dense branches, prune the thick spring shoots or summer shoots around the canopy, and realize the release of autumn shoots by wiping the buds. When the buds of 70% of the branches on 70% of the plants germinate, then stop wiping the buds and put the autumn shoots uniformly;

d. The method of selecting shoots and retaining shoots after putting the autumn shoots: After pruning and fertilizing, new shoots will germinate in 10-12 days, and when the shoots extend to 5-6cm, carry out shoot selection and retaining shoots; the method of retaining shoots is in Leave 3 in the upper part of the crown, 2 to 3 in the middle and lower parts of the crown, 3 in the strong branches, and 1 to 2 in the weak branches; the branches that germinate in other parts of the crown are easy to form elongated branches, except for a few reserved for filling vacancies, the rest removal;

(3) Flower-promoting technology:

a. Paclobutrazol flower promotion: during the flower bud differentiation period every year, that is, from mid-November to late December, use paclobutrazol with a mass concentration of 25% and dilute it 300-400 times with a solvent, spray the leaves, and spray 1-2 times;

b. Ring cutting to promote flowering: For trees that have grown too vigorously or have few flowers over the years, ring cutting should be carried out in mid-to-late December depending on the weather; that is, a ring cut on the main branch or sub-main branch or branch to cut off the cortex It is advisable not to damage the xylem;

(4) Fruit preservation technology:

a. Root topdressing: spray foliar fertilizer before flowering to spring bud stage; the weight ratio of the foliar fertilizer is 20%-35% boron fertilizer, 8%-12% magnesium sulfate, 2%-5% amino acid , 3% ~ 7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the rest is water, spray twice, every 12 ~ 15 days;

b. Drug preservation: Spray gibberellic acid or a mixed solution of gibberellic acid, brassinolide, and boron fertilizer when 2/3 of the flowers fade, and the mixed solution is gibberellic acid crystals with a mass concentration of 5%. Mix 1g of powder with 50-75kg of water or 250ml of 3% gibberellic acid with 200kg of water + 0.01% brassinolide diluted 3000-4500 times + boron fertilizer with a mass concentration of 98% diluted 1500-2200 The mixed solution obtained by doubling the liquid should be sprayed again after 20 to 30 days;

c. Circumcision: During the period from flower withering to spring shoot maturity, when the physiological fruit drop reaches the ideal fruit quantity, choose a cloudy or sunny day to cut a knife on the main trunk or main branch to cut off the phloem;

d. Thinning shoots and picking buds and preserving fruit: properly thinning and cutting the overgrown spring shoots at the top of the canopy;

e. Fruit thinning: after the end of the second physiological fruit drop, it is carried out 15 days before the autumn shoots are released, and the weak branch fruits, cluster fruits, top fruits, sun-burned fruits, diseases and insect pests, deformed fruits, too small or too small fruits are thinned. Large fruit, keep the fruit evenly distributed, the leaf-to-fruit ratio is (30-40):1;

f. Prevention of sunburn: cover the fruit with leaves after the end of June, or apply stickers or whitewash to the sunflower after mid-July;

g. Fruit protection: In July, for some orchards with high fruit setting rate, unsatisfactory main tree shape cultivation, and long fruit-hanging branches that are easy to droop and drag the floor, it is necessary to carry out fruit support and drag fruit protection work successively; adopt the central vertical pole type Or the four sides are well-shaped, combined with rope binding, and the whole plant is netted with plastic net to protect and drag the fruit.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, shelter forests are planted around the garden.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, if it is an open-air bare-root seedling during planting, soak the whole seedling in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% for 3 to 5 minutes, take it out and let it dry for 3 to 5 minutes, and then rinse it once with clean water , and then soak the root system of Wogan seedlings in the mixed solution of rooting powder, nucleotides, and thiophanate-methyl of equal quality for 8-10 hours. After taking out the seedlings, use this solution to mix yellow mud, and the roots can be taken for colonization. .

Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, when planting a small amount of soil, step on it with both feet and straighten it, the grafting interface is exposed to the soil surface by 5-10 cm, and the soil is formed into a 10-15 cm high, 50-60 cm wide diameter, inverted bowl shaped mounds.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, step S6 also includes intercropping of saplings, interrow grass mulching or plastic film mulching, and tree tray mulching.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, step S5 also includes d. The method of expanding the hole and improving the soil every year: outside the crown drip line, followed by the outer edge of the original soil improvement hole or ditch to open a hole or ditch, the hole or ditch The depth is 50-80cm, and the width is 0.5-1m. It is advisable to see the root system; the location of the soil improvement is rotated every year, and it is carried out in stages year by year, on one or both sides of the plant, and the whole garden is completed before the high yield; Said soil improvement material comprises by weight and number: 20 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 70 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 10 parts of bran manure, 20～30kg of soil improvement material is applied in layers according to each plant, and the soil improvement material is divided into 2 parts. ~ 3 layers, add appropriate amount of lime to each layer, and add 0.5 ~ 1 kg of superphosphate to the top layer.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, the time arrangement of the shoot stage in step c in step S5: keep 5 shoots every year in the first year and the second year after planting, and the shoot time: spring shoots in February, summer shoots in early May , The second summer shoots are from the end of May to early June, and the autumn shoots are from mid-August, late September to early October; in the third year, the young fruiting trees keep 3 shoots, and the shoot time: spring shoots in February, summer shoots 6 From late August to early July, and autumn shoots from late August to early and mid-September.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the industrialized planting method of citrus tangerines in the present invention, Ziyang orange is selected as a rootstock for fruit seedlings, the level of industrialized planting management is improved, and organic fertilizers are mainly used to improve the soil. Nutrients needed for the growth of citrus, so that the planting yield and quality are higher.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

Example 1:

A method for industrialized planting of citrus citrus, specifically comprising:

S1, field selection

Choose 15 to 100 acres of soil with deep, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, rich organic matter, and slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with a pH value of 5.5 to build gardens;

Establish a water conservancy system. The water conservancy system includes water and fertilizer integration facilities and drainage systems. Water and fertilizer integration facilities include reservoirs and water and fertilizer ponds. Wo tangerines are growing vigorously and require a lot of water and fertilizers. Install water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation or micro-spray devices. The devices mainly include water and fertilizer tanks, filters, pumps, main water pipes, branch pipes, switches, drip belts, drippers, etc. Reservoirs are generally built at 2 cubic meters of water per mu, water and fertilizer pools are generally built at 0.5 cubic meters per mu, and medicine pools are built at 0.05 cubic meters per mu. The drainage system includes excavation of primary drainage ditches and secondary drainage ditches. Drainage ditches should be dug in low-lying areas of the orchard.

Planting shelterbelts around the garden is beneficial to prevent the invasion of harmful insects such as citrus psyllids. It can also reduce the wind speed and reduce the stabbing of the leaves of the citrus citrus, thereby reducing leaf wounds and reducing the incidence of canker. Pine, fir, and eucalyptus trees are suitable for shelterbelts. Be careful not to choose tree species that have common diseases with citrus, such as yellow skin and jiulixiang.

S2, seedling selection

Choose fertile citrus seedlings with good plant type and complete root system, especially those that do not carry quarantine diseases such as citrus Huanglongbing and canker, and viral diseases such as leaf fragmentation, split skin disease, and decay disease; It is an excellent rootstock that can promote early fruiting, high yield, stable yield and high quality of scion varieties; Ziyang orange, aurantium, tangerine, sour orange, and lemon can all be used as rootstocks for citrus. Among them, Ziyang orange has the best comprehensive performance. This rootstock combines the characteristics of citrus aurantium, which is easy to form flowers, preserves flowers and fruits, and is easy to bear early and high yield. Strong stress resistance (resistance to broken leaf disease, strong drought and cold resistance), wide adaptability, beautiful fruit appearance and good quality.

S3, deep plowing of soil

Use a single plowshare of a high-horsepower tractor to carry out deep plowing and deep loosening of the whole garden. Plow the land when the soil humidity is not high. Excavate drainage ditches with a hook machine.

Deep plowing and deep loosening of the soil in the whole garden is also an important step before planting citrus tangerines, because the plow bottom of many lands below 30 centimeters has not been touched for decades or even hundreds of thousands of years, and is severely hardened. After deep plowing, the soil is looser, with better air permeability and water retention performance, which is more conducive to the deep penetration of the root system to absorb mineral nutrients and water, and is conducive to the rapid growth and development of the root system in the early stage.

S4, colonization

1. Planting density

The row spacing is 3 meters, the plant spacing is 2 meters, and 56 plants are planted per mu.

2. Planting time

Bare root seedlings are suitable for planting from January to March. It can also be planted when there is more rainfall or cloudy days from April to May. You can also choose to plant when it rains or is cloudy from October to November. When the temperature is high and the soil is relatively dry, if you plant bare-rooted seedlings, you should pay attention to pruning, keep a certain trunk, cut off the excess branches and leaves, and only keep a small amount of leaves or cut off all the leaves to reduce transpiration and improve survival. Rate. Container seedlings can be grown year-round.

3. Colonization method

The seedlings are classified according to size and planted in partitions to facilitate later management. If it is an open-air bare-root seedling, soak the whole seedling in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes, take it out and let it dry for 3 minutes, and then rinse it with clean water once, which can kill the canker bacteria existing on the surface of the plant, and then remove the root system of the citrus citrus seedlings. Soak in rooting powder of equal quality (the main components are naphthaleneacetic acid, indole butyric acid, diluted 400 times), nucleotides (diluted 400 times), thiophanate-methyl (mass concentration is 70%, diluted 600 times) mixed After 8 hours in the solution, take out the seedlings and mix with yellow mud with this solution, and the pulp roots can be taken for colonization. If it is a container seedling, cut the container open and take out the soil ball. If the root system is sufficiently developed and entangled, you can remove about 1/3 of the bottom layer (if the root system is normal, you can plant it directly) to stretch the root system, which is beneficial to young trees. growing up very fast. If the root system is normal, it can be planted directly after removing the container.

Pull the wire in advance and dig a small hole according to the length of the root system. When planting a small amount of soil, step on it with both feet and straighten it. Note that the grafting joint is exposed to the soil surface by 5cm (the grafting joint is buried in the soil and it is easy to suffer from resin disease). Form a small mound with a height of 10 cm, a diameter of about 50 cm and a width of about 50 cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl. Small mounds can be covered with straw to prevent soil loss in the mound. When covering the black film, attention should be paid to water and air permeability to prevent stuffy roots, otherwise, it will be unfavorable for growth.

S5, young tree management

(1) Fertilization method for young trees: The fertilization method for young trees is divided into three years of planting, and the holes must be expanded every year to improve the soil:

a. Fertilization method in the first year of planting: After the young trees turn green for the first time, use a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.3% to spray through the water and fertilizer integration facility, and apply 4.5kg per plant; before sprouting shoots Fertilize once every 15 days according to the fertilization method of turning green shoots for the first time, and then apply again according to the fertilization method of turning green shoots for the first time after self-cutting, and the fertilization amount increases by 0.5kg each time; Before and after the rain, alternately apply 30g of urea or 50g of bio-organic fertilizer on a monthly basis, and fertilize at least 5 times a year; each time when the shoots are strong and the shoots are strong, you can spray foliar fertilizers 1 or 2 times outside the roots in combination with the control of diseases and insect pests. When fertilizing, the distance from the trunk should be 15cm ;

b. Fertilization method in the second year of planting: apply winter fertilizer before the Spring Festival, combine with hole expansion and soil improvement, and apply 50g urea or 100g bio-organic fertilizer alternately for each plant, and the bio-organic fertilizer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight Obtained: 6 parts of mushroom dregs, 4 parts of mint leaves, 4 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of corn stalks, and 0.5 parts of natto powder. The amount of urea applied to each plant should not exceed 100g; when fertilizing, it should be 15cm away from the trunk; the amount of fertilization should be increased by 0.5kg each time; fertilize at least 5 times a year;

c. Fertilization method in the third year of planting: If there is no plan to bear fruit in the third year after planting, the fertilization method is the same as the fertilization method in the second year of planting; if the result is the same as the fruiting tree fertilization method;

d. The method of expanding the hole and improving the soil every year: outside the drip line of the tree crown, open a hole or trench next to the outer edge of the original soil improvement hole or ditch. The depth of the hole or ditch is 50cm, and the width is 0.5m. The root system is suitable; the location of the soil improvement is rotated every year, and it is carried out in stages year by year, on one side or both sides of the plant, and the whole garden is completed before the high yield; the soil improvement materials include: 20 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 70 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 10 parts of bran manure, crude fiber organic matter is green manure or branches and leaves or weeds or mountain grass. Apply 20kg of soil improvement materials in layers according to each plant, divide the soil improvement materials into 2 layers, add an appropriate amount of lime to each layer, and add 0.5 kg of superphosphate to the top layer;

(2) Shaping and pruning method: young trees should be regularly fixed, shaped and budded after planting:

a. The method of fixing the stem: after the colonization survives, it should be 30cm from the ground, and the buds in the middle of the shoots should be cut short and fixed; The branches and buds that germinate on the main trunk need to be wiped off in time to keep the main trunk at a height of more than 30cm after entering production;

b. Shaping method: In the first year, select 3 to 4 shoots with the same growth in different directions in the plastic belt to cultivate them as first-level main branches; after each shoot, select 3 to 4 branches with uniform growth and reasonable distribution. When the shoots are mature, cut them short and leave 20-25cm shoots containing 6-8 leaves to promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots, so as to form secondary, tertiary, and quaternary main shoots. Branches; for trees that are ready to be put into production in the coming year, the autumn shoots cannot be cut short after they are mature; for plants with upright branches, use a string to pull the main branch to about 50° after the new shoots are mature or before germination, and return to 45° after loosening. Untie the string after 25-30 days to open the canopy;

c. The method of smearing the buds and releasing the shoots: pick the heart properly before cutting the base shoots each time to speed up the maturity of the shoots; after the shoots are mature, leave 20-25cm branches and leave 6-8 leaves for short cutting, Promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots, and remove too many weak buds in time when the new shoots grow to 5-6cm. When thinning the buds, consider the direction of bud growth, and only leave 2-3 healthy shoots with a reasonable distribution on each base shoot. buds; every time when the buds are thinned out, a new shoot with uniform growth is selected at each site; in this way, more than 100 autumn shoots will be cultivated when it is put into production, and it can enter the initial fruit-bearing period; the timing of the shoot period: the 1st shoot after planting In the first and second years, shoots are kept 5 times a year, and the shoot time is: spring shoots in February, summer shoots in early May, second summer shoots from the end of May to early June, autumn shoots in mid-August, late September to early October ; In the third year, the young fruiting tree leaves 3 shoots, and the shoot time is: spring shoots in February, summer shoots from late June to early July, autumn shoots from late August to early and mid-September;

(3) Management methods for controlling flowers and fruits: Take measures for thinning flowers and fruits in the spring of the second year of planting for young trees:

a. Spraying plant growth regulator and irrigation: Spray 50ppm gibberellic acid and 250ppm urea in the last winter when the shoots start to mature, spray 1 or 2 times; if winter drought needs irrigation or nitrogen fertilizer, keep The tree vigor is strong, which can effectively control the flowering in the spring of the coming year and promote a large number of vegetative branches in spring shoots;

b. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9 to 12 days before spring shoots to accelerate the growth of spring shoots and weaken the growth of flower buds and young fruits; if the above measures are not in place and the flowers have already formed , it is necessary to manually remove flower buds and young fruits in time to promote rapid shoot extraction;

(4) Soil management method: the method of combining plastic film and tree tray mulching:

a. Method of plastic film covering: use black film or silver gray film or grass-proof cloth or water-absorbing fleece for plastic film; plastic film covering is generally carried out on the whole garden, leaving only a small part around the main trunk exposed; plastic film covering is only suitable for 2 to 3 years. After the crown is enlarged, it should be taken out to facilitate the growth of the root system;

b. The method of tree tray covering: the tree tray under the crown of the tree should be covered with grass, and the thickness of the grass should be 10-20cm; new coverings should be added every year to supplement the rotted and decomposed parts; the coverings are ground cloth or straw Or straw or cane leaves or mountain grass.

(5) Water management method: adopt the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch, and the side ditch is deeper than the side ditch, that is, the main ditch is not less than 60×60 cm, the side ditch is not less than 40×40 cm, and the side ditch is not less than 20 cm. ×20cm; at the same time, the slopes should be backfilled with soil on the side of the box to avoid hanging roots on the slopes, which are not drought-tolerant and ridge-tolerant; the water should be removed in time during the rainy seasons in spring and summer; water should be watered and covered in time in autumn and winter when drought occurs; fruit should be set in the next year Pay attention to water control after the autumn shoots mature to inhibit winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.

S6, result tree management

Fertilization method and result tree nutritional diagnosis method: use soil testing formula fertilization and water and fertilizer integration technology, add organic fertilizer, rationally apply inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer for nutritional diagnosis;

(1) Fertilization method: fertilization based on production, 1.0kg of pure nitrogen per 50kg of fruit produced, N:P:K ratio of 1:0.5:0.8, and peanut bran, compound fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate were selected according to the above ratio, The application ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 4.5:5.5, and the soil fertilization method, irrigation fertilization method and root topdressing method are selected:

a. Soil fertilization method: According to the topography of each fruit tree orchard, the size of the crown, the type of fertilizer and the climatic conditions, ditch at 0.2m near the drip line of the crown, and choose the shape of the ditch as a circular ditch for soil fertilization; The depth of the ditch is based on the principle of shallow application in spring and summer, deep application in autumn and winter and deep application of organic fertilizers, and shallow application of inorganic fertilizers.

b. Irrigation and fertilization method: Equip the fruit tree orchard with integrated water and fertilizer facilities, adopt the fertilization method of sprinkler irrigation, dissolve the fertilizer in irrigation water, and fertilize through the integrated water and fertilizer facilities.

c. Topdressing outside the root: Utilize foliar fertilizer nutrient element to spray, enter blade through stomata and cuticle on the blade; Described foliar fertilizer weight ratio is 0.3% magnesium sulfate, 0.2% zinc sulfate, 0.1% boric acid, 0.3% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.3% nutritional nucleotide, and the rest is water; spray before each new shoot and during the greening period, one shoot and two fertilizers.

(2) Fertilization method and fertilization amount: the fertilization methods of fruiting trees are divided into winter fertilizer, spring shoot fertilizer, flower and fruit preservation fertilizer, strong fruit attack autumn shoot fertilizer, and topdressing strong fruit fertilizer. The fertilization amount of each fertilization method accounts for 30%, 20%, 5%, 35%, 10% of fertilization amount:

a. Fertilization method of base fertilizer: apply before and after the winter solstice, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with compound fertilizer: excavate a fertilization ditch at the drip line of the crown of the plant, the ditch depth is 15cm, in which the fruit is few, the tree vigor is strong and the roots are broken. Appropriate deep application, Fewer results, weak tree vigor, avoid excessive damage to roots, apply shallowly; apply 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.0kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of mixed green manure weeds, 0.5kg of lime, 2kg of boron, 0.25kg of zinc, and 0.23kg of magnesium. Each plant is covered with soil; the decomposed organic fertilizer is peanut bran.

b. Fertilization method of spring shoot fertilizer: apply it 10 to 15 days before germination, apply 30kg of cake fertilizer, manure and water fertilizer to each plant, and use 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to spray it by irrigation and fertilization; Add 50-150g of urea to each plant that is weak; top-dress the roots in combination with the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the spring bud stage.

c. Fertilization method of Xie Hua Fruit Preserving Fertilizer: Apply from 70% of Xie Hua to one week after Xie Hua, because flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, causing a lot of flower and fruit drop, apply high-potassium compound fertilizer 0.2~ 0.3kg; if the young fruit trees with few fruits and over-growing fruit trees do not apply the above fertilizer.

d. Fertilization method of strong fruit attacking autumn shoot fertilizer: apply 20 days before the shoot, that is, from the middle and late July to early August. The strong fruit attacking autumn shoot fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. 10kg of organic fertilizer, 0.2kg of urea, and 1kg of compound fertilizer were applied along the drip line of the crown and covered; weak trees and trees with large fruit bearing capacity were appropriately increased with nitrogen fertilizer.

e. Fertilization method for topdressing strong fruit fertilizer: after the autumn shoots are pumped, apply water and fertilizer 1 to 2 times a month in combination with drought resistance, mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers; Fat.

(3) Nutrient diagnosis method of Wokan: Diagnose different symptoms of branches, flowers, leaves and fruits of fruiting trees, including zinc deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods, magnesium deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods, boron deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods Methods, diagnosis and treatment of manganese deficiency.

The method of cultivating strong autumn shoots: including the management methods of the fixed autumn period and before and after the shoots:

(1) Set autumn shoot period: The time for fruit trees to release autumn shoots depends on tree age, tree vigor, site conditions and fruit volume. The principle is "three early and three late": trees with many fruits, mountain orchards, weak growth, Orchards with poor water and fertilizer conditions are released early. On the contrary, there are few results, paddy field orchards, orchards with strong growth and good water and fertilizer conditions are released late; the young trees that have just been put into production will be released for the second time in order to expand the canopy; the specific time is to start to release autumn shoots around the "beginning of autumn". From mid-August to early September; for those with a large amount of fruit, those in mountainous areas, and those with inconvenient water access, it is necessary to advance 15 days.

(2) The method of fertilizing before putting the autumn shoots: fertilizing 20 days before putting the autumn shoots, if the fruiting amount of a single plant is 50kg, apply about 1.0kg of high nitrogen, 1.0kg of high potassium, and 1.0kg of low phosphorus compound fertilizer per plant; Apply 0.1 to 0.15 kg of urea to trees that are weak or bear too much fruit.

(3) The method of pruning and fruit thinning in autumn: short-cut the apex of weak branches and old branches, and leave strong branches and buds at the cut; Leave 6 leaves and cut them short; cut off dense cross branches, thin and weak branches, and diseased and insect branches; Fruiting mother branches and flowering and fruiting branches; for fruiting trees with less fruit bearing and dense branches, pruning the thick spring shoots or summer shoots around the canopy, mainly thinning branches and supplemented by short cuts; the autumn shoots can be released by wiping buds. Erase the scattered buds until the buds on 70% of the branches germinate on 70% of the plants in the whole garden, then stop wiping the buds and put the autumn shoots uniformly.

(4) The method of selecting shoots and retaining shoots after putting autumn shoots: After pruning and fertilizing, new shoots will germinate in 12 days, and when the shoots extend to 5-6cm, carry out shoot selection and retaining shoots; Leave 3 in the upper part, 2 to 3 in the middle and lower parts of the crown, 3 in the strong branches, and 1 to 2 in the weak branches; the branches that germinate in other parts of the crown are easy to form elongated branches, except for a few reserved for filling vacancies, the rest are removed .

(5) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests after putting the autumn shoots: when the new shoots grow less than 1-2cm, use fungicides and insecticides, insecticides include acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam; fungicides include thiasen copper , mancozeb, pyraclostrobin; the above fungicides and insecticides are sprayed more than 2 times in a row, spraying once every 10 days, until the new shoots are mature; spray acaricides when the autumn shoots turn green.

Flower-promoting technology:

(1) Paclobutrazol flower promotion: During the flower bud differentiation period every year, that is, from mid-November to late December, use paclobutrazol with a mass concentration of 25% to dilute 300 times with a solvent, spray the leaves, and spray 1 to 2 times, preferably without dripping water. should.

(2) Ring cutting to promote flowering: For trees that grow too vigorously or have few flowers over the years, ring cutting should be carried out in mid-to-late December depending on the weather; cut a ring in the main branch or sub-main branch or branch to cut off the cortex It is advisable not to damage the xylem; do not spray strong pesticides after circumcision.

Fruit protection technology:

(1) Topdressing outside the root: before flowering to the spring bud stage, carry out in conjunction with the control of diseases and insect pests, spray foliage fertilizer; the weight ratio of this foliage fertilizer is 35% boron fertilizer, 12% magnesium sulfate, 5% amino acid, 7% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the rest is water, sprayed twice, once every 12 days.

(2) Drug preservation: spray gibberellic acid or a mixed solution of gibberellic acid, brassinolide, and boron fertilizer when 2/3 of the flowers fade, and the mixed solution is gibberellic acid with a mass concentration of 5%. 1g of crystalline powder mixed with 50kg of water or 250ml of 3% gibberellic acid mixed with 200kg of water + 0.01% of brassinolide diluted 3000 times + boron fertilizer with a mass concentration of 98% diluted 1500 times After 20 days, spray again depending on the fruit distribution; gibberellic acid cannot be applied multiple times or the concentration is too high to prevent rough peeled fruit.

(3) Circumcision: During the period from the blooming of the strong tree to the maturity of the spring shoots, when the physiological fruit drop reaches the ideal fruit quantity, choose a cloudy or sunny day to cut a knife on the main trunk or main branch to cut off the phloem.

(4) Thinning shoots and picking buds to preserve fruit: Properly thinning and pruning the overgrown spring shoots at the top of the crown; if a large number of summer shoots are taken out, it must be manually removed or sprayed with drugs to kill the shoots in time to inhibit the growth of summer shoots until June In the last ten days of the month or before the autumn shoots are released, avoid a large number of fruit drop caused by the summer shoots.

(5) Fruit thinning: after the end of the second physiological fruit drop, carry out 15 days before putting the autumn shoots, and thin out weak branch fruits, cluster fruits, top fruits, sunburned fruits, fruits damaged by diseases and insect pests, deformed fruits, too small or If the fruit is too large, keep the fruit evenly distributed, and the leaf-to-fruit ratio is 30:1.

(6) Prevention of sunburn: cover the fruit with leaves after late June, or apply stickers or whitewash to sunflower fruits after mid-July;

(7) Fruit protection: In July, some orchards with high fruit setting rate, unsatisfactory main tree shape cultivation, and long fruit-hanging branches are easy to droop and drag the ground, need to carry out fruit support and drag fruit protection work successively; use central vertical poles Shaped or well-shaped around, combined with rope binding, use plastic nets to protect the whole plant and drag the fruit.

Example 2:

A method for industrialized planting of citrus citrus, specifically comprising:

S1, field selection

Choose 15 to 100 acres of soil with deep, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, rich organic matter, and slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with a pH value of 6.5 to build gardens;

Establish a water conservancy system. The water conservancy system includes water and fertilizer integration facilities and drainage systems. Water and fertilizer integration facilities include reservoirs and water and fertilizer ponds. Wo tangerines are growing vigorously and require a lot of water and fertilizers. Install water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation or micro-spray devices. The devices mainly include water and fertilizer tanks, filters, pumps, main water pipes, branch pipes, switches, drip belts, drippers, etc. Reservoirs are generally built at 4 cubic meters of water per mu, water and fertilizer pools are generally built at 0.5 cubic meters per mu, and medicine pools are built at 0.1 cubic meters per mu. The drainage system includes excavation of primary drainage ditches and secondary drainage ditches. Drainage ditches should be dug in low-lying areas of the orchard.

Planting shelterbelts around the garden is beneficial to prevent the invasion of harmful insects such as citrus psyllids. It can also reduce the wind speed and reduce the stabbing of the leaves of the citrus citrus, thereby reducing leaf wounds and reducing the incidence of canker. Pine, fir, and eucalyptus trees are suitable for shelterbelts. Be careful not to choose tree species that have common diseases with citrus, such as yellow skin and jiulixiang.

S2, seedling selection

Choose fertile citrus seedlings with good plant type and complete root system, especially those that do not carry quarantine diseases such as citrus Huanglongbing and canker, and viral diseases such as leaf fragmentation, split skin disease, and decay disease; It is an excellent rootstock that can promote early fruiting, high yield, stable yield and high quality of scion varieties; Ziyang orange, aurantium, tangerine, sour orange, and lemon can all be used as rootstocks for citrus. Among them, Ziyang orange has the best comprehensive performance. This rootstock combines the characteristics of citrus aurantium, which is easy to form flowers, preserves flowers and fruits, and is easy to bear early and high yield. Strong stress resistance (resistance to broken leaf disease, strong drought and cold resistance), wide adaptability, beautiful fruit appearance and good quality.

S3, deep plowing of soil

Use a single plowshare of a high-horsepower tractor to carry out deep plowing and deep loosening of the whole garden. Plow the land when the soil humidity is not high. Excavate drainage ditches with a hook machine.

Deep plowing and deep loosening of the soil in the whole garden is also an important step before planting citrus tangerines, because the plow bottom of many lands below 30 centimeters has not been touched for decades or even hundreds of thousands of years, and is severely hardened. After deep plowing, the soil is looser, with better air permeability and water retention performance, which is more conducive to the deep penetration of the root system to absorb mineral nutrients and water, and is conducive to the rapid growth and development of the root system in the early stage.

S4, colonization

1. Planting density

The row spacing is 4 meters, the plant spacing is 3 meters, and 110 plants are planted per mu.

2. Planting time

Bare root seedlings are suitable for planting from January to March. It can also be planted when there is more rainfall or cloudy days from April to May. You can also choose to plant when it rains or is cloudy from October to November. When the temperature is high and the soil is dry, if you are planting bare-rooted seedlings, you should pay attention to pruning, keep a certain trunk, cut off the excess branches and leaves, keep only a few leaves or cut off all the leaves, so as to reduce transpiration and improve survival. Rate. Container seedlings can be grown year-round.

3. Colonization method

The seedlings are classified according to size and planted in partitions to facilitate later management. If it is an open-air bare-rooted seedling, soak the whole seedling in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, take it out and let it dry for 5 minutes, and then rinse it with clean water once, which can kill the canker bacteria existing on the surface of the plant, and then remove the root system of the citrus citrus seedlings. Soak in rooting powder of equal quality (the main components are naphthaleneacetic acid, indole butyric acid, diluted 400 times), nucleotides (diluted 400 times), thiophanate-methyl (mass concentration is 70%, diluted 600 times) mixed After soaking in the solution for 10 hours, take out the seedlings and mix with yellow mud with this solution, and the roots can be taken for colonization. If it is a container seedling, cut the container open and take out the soil ball. If the root system is sufficiently developed and entangled, you can remove about 1/3 of the bottom layer (if the root system is normal, you can plant it directly) to stretch the root system, which is beneficial to young trees. growing up very fast. If the root system is normal, it can be planted directly after removing the container.

Pull the wire in advance and dig a small hole according to the length of the root system. When planting a small amount of soil, step on it with both feet and straighten it. Note that the grafting joint is exposed to the soil surface by 10cm (the grafting joint is buried in the soil and it is easy to suffer from resin disease). Form a small mound with a height of 15cm, a diameter of about 60cm and a width of about 60cm, in the shape of an inverted bowl. Small mounds can be covered with straw to prevent soil loss in the mound. When covering the black film, attention should be paid to water and air permeability to prevent stuffy roots, otherwise, it will be unfavorable for growth.

S5, young tree management

(1) Fertilization method for young trees: The fertilization method for young trees is divided into three years of planting, and the holes must be expanded every year to improve the soil:

a. Fertilization method in the 1st year of planting: after young trees turn green for the first time, use a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with a mass concentration of 0.3% to spray through water and fertilizer integration facilities, and apply 5kg per plant; 15 kg before sprouting. Fertilize once a day according to the fertilization method of the first tip turning green, and then apply it again according to the fertilization method of the first tip turning green after self-cutting, and the fertilization amount increases by 0.5kg each time; Before and after, alternately apply 50g of urea or 50g of bio-organic fertilizer on a monthly basis, and fertilize at least 5 times a year; each time when the shoots are strong and the shoots are strong, you can spray foliar fertilizers 1 to 2 times outside the roots in combination with pest control, and the distance between the fertilization should be 20cm from the trunk;

b. Fertilization method in the second year of planting: applying winter fertilizer before the Spring Festival, combined with expanding holes and improving soil, each plant is applied alternately with 100g urea or 150g bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight Obtained: 10 parts of mushroom dregs, 6 parts of mint leaves, 8 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn stalks, and 3 parts of natto powder. The amount of urea per plant should not exceed 100g; when fertilizing, it should be 20cm away from the trunk; the amount of fertilization should be increased by 0.5kg; fertilize at least 5 times a year;

c. Fertilization method in the third year of planting: if there is no plan to bear fruit in the third year after planting, the fertilization method is the same as the fertilization method in the second year of planting;

d. The method of expanding the hole and improving the soil every year: outside the drip line of the tree crown, open a hole or trench next to the outer edge of the original soil improvement hole or ditch, the depth of the hole or ditch is 80cm, and the width is 1m, so as to see the root system It is advisable; rotate the position of improving the soil every year, carry out in stages year by year, carry out on one side or both sides of the plant, and complete the improvement of the whole garden before the high yield; the soil improvement materials include: 20 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 70 parts by weight 10 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 10 parts of bran manure, crude fiber organic matter is green manure or branches and leaves or weeds or mountain grass. Apply 30kg of soil improvement materials in layers according to each plant, divide the soil improvement materials into 3 layers, add an appropriate amount of lime to each layer, and add 1 kg of superphosphate to the top layer;

(2) Shaping and pruning method: young trees should be regularly fixed, shaped and budded after planting:

a. The method of fixing the stem: after the colonization survives, it should be 50cm from the ground, and the buds in the middle part of the shoots should be cut short and fixed; The branches and buds that germinate on the main trunk need to be wiped off in time to keep the main trunk at a height of more than 30cm after entering production;

b. Shaping method: In the first year, select 3 to 4 shoots with the same growth in different directions in the plastic belt to cultivate them as first-level main branches; after each shoot, select 3 to 4 branches with uniform growth and reasonable distribution. When the shoots are mature, cut them short and leave 20-25cm shoots containing 6-8 leaves to promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots, so as to form secondary, tertiary, and quaternary main shoots. Branches; for trees that are ready to be put into production in the coming year, the autumn shoots cannot be cut short after they are mature; for plants with upright branches, use a string to pull the main branch to about 50° after the new shoots are mature or before germination, and return to 45° after loosening. Untie the string after 25-30 days to open the canopy;

c. The method of smearing the buds and releasing the shoots: pick the heart properly before cutting the base shoots each time to speed up the maturity of the shoots; after the shoots are mature, leave 20-25cm branches and leave 6-8 leaves for short cutting, Promote the germination of the next batch of new shoots, and remove too many weak buds in time when the new shoots grow to 5-6cm. When thinning the buds, consider the direction of bud growth, and only leave 2-3 healthy shoots with a reasonable distribution on each base shoot. buds; every time when the buds are thinned out, a new shoot with uniform growth is selected at each site; in this way, more than 100 autumn shoots will be cultivated when it is put into production, and it can enter the initial fruit-bearing period; the timing of the shoot period: the 1st shoot after planting In the first and second years, shoots are kept 5 times a year, and the shoot time is: spring shoots in February, summer shoots in early May, second summer shoots from the end of May to early June, autumn shoots in mid-August, late September to early October ; In the third year, the young fruiting tree leaves 3 shoots, and the shoot time is: spring shoots in February, summer shoots from late June to early July, autumn shoots from late August to early and mid-September;

(3) Management methods for controlling flowers and fruits: Take measures for thinning flowers and fruits in the spring of the second year of planting for young trees:

a. Spraying plant growth regulator and irrigation: Spray 50ppm gibberellic acid and 250ppm urea in the last winter when the shoots start to mature, spray 1 or 2 times; if winter drought needs irrigation or nitrogen fertilizer, keep The tree vigor is strong, which can effectively control the flowering in the spring of the coming year and promote a large number of vegetative branches in spring shoots;

b. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: Apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9 to 12 days before spring shoots to accelerate the growth of spring shoots and weaken the growth of flower buds and young fruits; if the above measures are not in place and the flowers have already formed , it is necessary to manually remove flower buds and young fruits in time to promote rapid shoot extraction;

(4) Soil management method: the method of combining plastic film and tree tray mulching:

a. Method of plastic film covering: use black film or silver gray film or grass-proof cloth or water-absorbing fleece for plastic film; plastic film covering is generally carried out on the whole garden, leaving only a small part around the main trunk exposed; plastic film covering is only suitable for 2 to 3 years. After the crown is enlarged, it should be taken out to facilitate the growth of the root system;

b. The method of tree tray covering: the tree tray under the crown of the tree should be covered with grass, and the thickness of the grass should be 10-20cm; new coverings should be added every year to supplement the rotted and decomposed parts; the coverings are ground cloth or straw Or straw or cane leaves or mountain grass.

(5) Water management method: adopt the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch, and the side ditch is deeper than the side ditch, that is, the main ditch is not less than 60×60 cm, the side ditch is not less than 40×40 cm, and the side ditch is not less than 20 cm. ×20cm; at the same time, the slopes should be backfilled with soil on the side of the box to avoid hanging roots on the slopes, which are not drought-tolerant and ridge-tolerant; the water should be removed in time during the rainy seasons in spring and summer; water should be watered and covered in time in autumn and winter when drought occurs; fruit should be set in the next year Pay attention to water control after the autumn shoots mature to inhibit winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.

S6, result tree management

Fertilization method and result tree nutritional diagnosis method: use soil testing formula fertilization and water and fertilizer integration technology, add organic fertilizer, rationally apply inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer for nutritional diagnosis;

(1) Fertilization method: fertilization based on production, 1.0kg of pure nitrogen per 50kg of fruit produced, N:P:K ratio of 1:0.5:0.8, and peanut bran, compound fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate were selected according to the above ratio, The application ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 4.5:5.5, and the soil fertilization method, irrigation fertilization method and root topdressing method are selected:

a. Soil fertilization method: According to the topography of each fruit tree orchard, the size of the tree crown, the type of fertilizer and the climate conditions, open a ditch at 0.2m near the drip line of the tree crown, and select the shape of the ditch as a circular ditch for soil fertilization; The depth of the ditch is based on the principle of shallow application in spring and summer, deep application in autumn and winter and deep application of organic fertilizers, and shallow application of inorganic fertilizers.

b. Irrigation and fertilization method: Equip the fruit tree orchard with integrated water and fertilizer facilities, adopt the fertilization method of sprinkler irrigation, dissolve the fertilizer in irrigation water, and fertilize through the integrated water and fertilizer facilities.

C. Topdressing outside the root: Utilize foliage fertilizer nutrient element to spray, enter blade by stomata and cuticle on the blade; Described foliage fertilizer weight ratio is 0.3% magnesium sulfate, 0.2% zinc sulfate, 0.1% boric acid, 0.3% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5% urea, 0.3% nutritional nucleotide, and the rest is water; spray before each new shoot and during the greening period, one shoot and two fertilizers.

(2) Fertilization method and fertilization amount: the fertilization methods of fruiting trees are divided into winter fertilizer, spring shoot fertilizer, flower and fruit preservation fertilizer, strong fruit attack autumn shoot fertilizer, and topdressing strong fruit fertilizer. The fertilization amount of each fertilization method accounts for 30%, 20%, 5%, 35%, 10% of fertilization amount:

a. Fertilization method of base fertilizer: Apply before and after the winter solstice, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with compound fertilizer: Excavate a fertilization ditch at the drip line of the crown of the plant, the ditch depth is 40cm, in which the fruit is few, the tree vigor is strong and the roots are broken. Appropriate deep application, Appropriate shallow application for less fruit and weak tree potential to avoid excessive root damage; apply 20kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.0kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of green manure weeds, 0.5kg of mixed lime, 2kg of boron, 0.25kg of zinc, and 0.23kg of magnesium. Each plant is covered with soil; the decomposed organic fertilizer is peanut bran.

b. Fertilization method of spring shoot fertilizer: apply it 10 to 15 days before germination, apply 30kg of cake fertilizer, manure and water fertilizer to each plant, and use 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer to spray it by irrigation and fertilization; if there are too many results in the previous year, the tree vigor Add 50-150g of urea to each plant that is weak; top-dress the roots in combination with the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the spring bud stage.

c. Fertilization method of Xie Hua Fruit Preserving Fertilizer: Apply from 70% of Xie Hua to one week after Xie Hua, because flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, causing a lot of flower and fruit drop, apply high-potassium compound fertilizer 0.2~ 0.3kg; if the young fruit trees with few fruits and over-growing fruit trees do not apply the above fertilizer.

d. Fertilization method of autumn shoot fertilizer for strong fruit attack: apply 20 days before the shoot, that is, from mid-to-late July to early August. Fertilizer 15kg, urea 0.5kg, compound fertilizer 2kg, ditch and cover along the crown drip line; weak trees and trees with large fruit bearing capacity should be appropriately increased with nitrogen fertilizer.

e. Fertilization method for topdressing strong fruit fertilizer: after the autumn shoots are pumped, apply water and fertilizer 1 to 2 times a month in combination with drought resistance, mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers; Fat.

(3) Nutrient diagnosis method of Wokan: Diagnose different symptoms of branches, flowers, leaves and fruits of fruiting trees, including zinc deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods, magnesium deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods, boron deficiency diagnosis and treatment methods Methods, diagnosis and treatment of manganese deficiency.

The method of cultivating strong autumn shoots: including the management methods of the fixed autumn period and before and after the shoots:

(1) Fixed release of autumn shoots: The time for fruiting trees to release autumn shoots depends on the age of the tree, tree vigor, site conditions and the amount of fruit. The principle is "three early and three late": trees with many fruits, mountain orchards, weak growth, Orchards with poor water and fertilizer conditions are released early, on the contrary, orchards with less fruit, paddy fields, strong growth, and orchards with good water and fertilizer conditions are released late; young trees that have just been put into production are released for the second time in autumn to expand the canopy; the specific time starts around "beginning of autumn" The autumn shoots are generally released from mid-August to early September; those with large fruit bearing, mountainous areas, and inconvenient water collection should be 15 days in advance.

(2) The method of fertilizing before putting the autumn shoots: fertilizing 20 days before putting the autumn shoots, if the fruiting amount of a single plant is 50kg, apply about 1.0kg of high nitrogen, 1.0kg of high potassium, and 1.0kg of low phosphorus compound fertilizer per plant; Apply 0.1 to 0.15 kg of urea to trees that are weak or bear too much fruit.

(3) The method of pruning and fruit thinning in autumn: short-cut the apex of weak branches and old branches, and leave strong branches and buds at the cut; Leave 6 leaves and cut them short; cut off dense cross branches, thin and weak branches, and diseased and insect branches; Fruiting mother branches and flowering and fruiting branches; for fruiting trees with less fruit bearing and dense branches, pruning the thick spring shoots or summer shoots around the canopy, mainly thinning branches and supplemented by short cuts; the autumn shoots can be released by wiping buds. Erase the scattered buds until the buds on 70% of the branches germinate on 70% of the plants in the whole garden, then stop wiping the buds and put the autumn shoots uniformly.

(4) The method of selecting shoots and retaining shoots after putting autumn shoots: after pruning and fertilizing, new shoots will germinate in 12 days, and when the shoots extend to 5-6cm, carry out shoot selection and retaining shoots; the method of retaining shoots is in the crown of the tree Leave 3 in the upper part, 2 to 3 in the middle and lower parts of the crown, 3 in the strong branches, and 1 to 2 in the weak branches; the branches that germinate in other parts of the crown are easy to form elongated branches, except for a few reserved for filling vacancies, the rest are removed .

(5) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests after putting the autumn shoots: when the new shoots grow less than 1-2cm, use fungicides and insecticides, insecticides include acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam; fungicides include thiasen copper , mancozeb, pyraclostrobin; the above fungicides and insecticides are sprayed more than 2 times in a row, spraying once every 10 days, until the new shoots are mature; spray acaricides when the autumn shoots turn green.

Flower-promoting technology:

(1) Paclobutrazol flower promotion: During the flower bud differentiation period every year, that is, from mid-November to late December, use paclobutrazol with a mass concentration of 25% to dilute 400 times with a solvent, spray the leaves, and spray 1 to 2 times, preferably without dripping water. should.

(2) Ring cutting to promote flowering: For trees that grow too vigorously or have few flowers over the years, ring cutting should be carried out in mid-to-late December depending on the weather; cut a ring in the main branch or sub-main branch or branch to cut off the cortex It is advisable not to damage the xylem; do not spray strong pesticides after circumcision.

Fruit preservation technology:

(1) Topdressing outside the root: before flowering to the spring bud stage, carry out in conjunction with the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, spray foliage fertilizer; the weight ratio of this foliage fertilizer is 35% boron fertilizer, 12% magnesium sulfate, 5% amino acid, 7% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the rest is water, sprayed twice, once every 12 days.

(2) Drug preservation: spray gibberellic acid or a mixed solution of gibberellic acid, brassinolide, and boron fertilizer when 2/3 of the flowers fade, and the mixed solution is gibberellic acid with a mass concentration of 5%. 1 g of crystalline powder mixed with 75 kg of water or 250 ml of 3% gibberellic acid mixed with 200 kg of water + 0.01% brassinolide diluted 4500 times + boron fertilizer with a mass concentration of 98% diluted 2200 times After 30 days, spray it again depending on the fruit distribution; gibberellic acid cannot be applied multiple times or the concentration is too high to prevent coarse peeled fruit.

(3) Circumcision: During the period from the blooming of the strong tree to the maturity of the spring shoots, when the physiological fruit drop reaches the ideal fruit quantity, choose a cloudy or sunny day to cut a knife on the main trunk or main branch to cut off the phloem.

(4) Thinning shoots and picking buds to preserve fruit: Properly thinning and pruning the overgrown spring shoots at the top of the crown; if a large number of summer shoots are taken out, it must be manually removed or sprayed with drugs to kill the shoots in time to inhibit the growth of summer shoots until June In the last ten days of the month or before the autumn shoots are released, avoid a large number of fruit drop caused by the summer shoots.

(5) Fruit thinning: after the end of the second physiological fruit drop, carry out 15 days before putting the autumn shoots, and thin out weak branch fruits, cluster fruits, top fruits, sunburned fruits, fruits damaged by diseases and insect pests, deformed fruits, too small or If the fruit is too large, keep the fruit evenly distributed, and the leaf-to-fruit ratio is 40:1.

(6) Prevention of sunburn: cover the fruit with leaves after late June, or apply stickers or whitewash to sunflower fruits after mid-July;

(7) Fruit protection: In July, some orchards with high fruit setting rate, unsatisfactory main tree shape cultivation, and long fruit-hanging branches are easy to droop and drag the ground, need to carry out fruit support and drag fruit protection work successively; use central vertical poles Shaped or well-shaped around, combined with rope binding, use plastic nets to protect the whole plant and drag the fruit.

The planting time, crown of the first year, crown of the tree of the second year, crown of the tree of the third year, number of results and output of the present embodiment and the planting method of the citrus orange are recorded below.

As shown in the following table 1, the comparative ratio of the common citrus mandarin fruit tree method of the present embodiment and the comparison began to be planted on the same day on October 12, 2014 at different locations of Dongfeng Farm in Wuming, Nanning City, under the same situation of the surface slope. On January 5, 2016, corresponding management methods were implemented for the result trees of this embodiment and the comparative example.

The survey data on February 23, 2019, as shown in Table 1 below, is the yield per plant, average weight, and average transverse diameter of the Wogan planting method and the Wogan planting method in the fruit tree harvested in two years in this embodiment* Longitudinal diameter, average vitamin C content, average edibility, and average soluble solids can be compared to obtain which method can get a higher-rated Wokan. From the overall situation of the following table, the results of this embodiment are better than the comparison examples in terms of yield per plant, average weight, average transverse diameter*longitudinal diameter, average vitamin C content, average edible rate, and average soluble solids .

The result situation of table 1 present embodiment Wo orange fruit tree management method and comparative example common Wo orange fruit tree method

And the present embodiment adopts after two months the fruit rate of the citrus citrus pericarp smooth, bright in color, no disease spots as high as 95.6%, and the secondary fruit rate of the rough skin fruit and sun fruit is only 4.4%, while the comparative example The good fruit rate of Wokan is only 81.7%, and the proportion of bad fruit is 19.3%.

To sum up, this method adopts more scientific methods of fertilization, modification and management in the various stages of Wogan, such as site selection, seedling selection, planting, sapling management, and fruit management, so that the fruiting rate of Wotangan is higher , The nutritional value is more abundant.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various Choose and change. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method characterized by comprising

S1, field selection: 15~100 mu of soil layers of selection are deep, loose fertile, drain, and organic matter is abundant, pH value 5.5~6.5 Subacidity sandy loam or loam orchard establishment；Water conservancy system is established in field, and water conservancy system includes water-fertilizer integral facility and draining system System；

S2, fruit seedling select: selecting the disease-free fertile mandarin orange seedling using Ziyang fragrant citrus as stock；

S3, soil deep ploughing: plowing when soil moisture is little, and direction takes contour or vertical road, and plough can once plough Depth 60cm or so, then one is harrowed to twice to smooth, excavation gutter；

S4, field planting: disease-free fertile mandarin orange seedling is colonized, and by 3~4 meters of line-spacing, 2~3 meters of spacing in the rows, transplants 56~110 plants of kinds per acre It plants into field；

S5, treelet management:

(1) fertilising of earsh: to the application in fertilising point plantation 3 years of earsh, and expansion cave is carried out every year and is improved the soil:

A. kind plants the 1st year fertilizing method: for earsh after the first time tip turns green, the balanced type for being 0.3% with mass concentration is water-soluble Fertilizer is applied by the leaching of water-fertilizer integral facility, and every plant is applied 4.5~5kg；Rudiment is turned green fertilising side by the first time tip in 15 days before taking out the tip Method Shi Yici, by the green fertilizing method of the first time tip turn, Shi Yici, each dose gradually increase 0.5kg again after cutting certainly；3 In the first tenday period of a month moon, front and back of raining is selected, monthly replaces and apply 30~50g urea or 50g biological organic fertilizer, 1 year at least fertilising 5 times；Often The secondary tip strengthens 1~2 foliar fertilizer of tip phase root outer spraying, and when fertilising will be away from 15~20cm of trunk；

B. kind plants the 2nd year fertilizing method: the Shi Dongfei before the Spring Festival, improves the soil progresss in conjunction with cave is expanded, every plant every time alternating apply 50~ 95g urea or 100~150g biological organic fertilizer, every plant of each urea amount of application are no more than 100g；When fertilising will away from trunk 15~ 20 centimeters；Each dose gradually increases 0.5kg；It at least applies fertilizer 5 times within 1 year；

C. kind plants the 3rd year fertilizing method: if not planning within the 3rd year fruiting after plantation, the 2nd year fertilizing method of fertilizing method and plantation；

(2) shaping and trimming method: earsh will periodically be done surely after field planting, the tip is put in shaping and bud picking:

A. it the method done surely: after field planting survives, should be done surely the full place's cutting back of bud in the middle part of 30~50cm from the ground, branch；Cutting back Afterwards it is shaping strip between 10~15cm below clip bud, is trunk below shaping strip；Branch, the bud sprouted on the trunk need It to erase in time, trunk is kept to have the height of 30cm or more after entering operation；

B. the method for shaping: First Year selects 3~4 consistent branch of growing way of different direction to be trained level-one master in shaping strip Branch；Later every time tip selects and remain that 3~4 growing ways are uniform, and the branch being reasonably distributed is short to cut and leave 20 when each tip is aging ~25cm and include 6~8 leaves branch, promote next group young sprout sprout, so as to form major branches such as second level, three-level, level Four；Prepare The tree that the coming year goes into operation, short cannot cut after autumn growth is aging；The plant upright to branch, will with cord after young sprout is aging or before sprouting Major branch pulls into 50 ° or so, unlocks cord after restoring 45 °, 25~30 days after lightening restrictions on, tree crown is made to open a business；

C. the method that the tip is put in bud picking: each base tip appropriate pinching from before cutting, it is aging to accelerate branch；After branch is aging, 20 are stayed~ 25cm limb and leave 6~8 leaves carry out it is short cut, sprouting it is long to 5~6cm when dredge remove excessive weak bud, every base tip in time On only stay 2~3 healthy and strong buds being reasonably distributed；The uniform young sprout of growing way is selected and remain in each site when each bud thinning；So follow Ring is more than 100 or more to culture autumn growth when going into operation and enters first period；

(3) control the management method of flowers and fruits: earsh takes flower and fruit thinning measure in the 2nd year spring of plantation:

A. spray plant growth regulator and pour water: spray mass fraction is the red of 50ppm when the last time tip starts aging in winter The urea of mould acid and 250ppm, sprays 1~2 time；

B. instant nitrogenousfertilizer and thin flower bud fruit thinning are applied: applying instant nitrogenousfertilizer within 9~12 days before spring takes out the spring tip；

(4) soil management method: the method combined using mulch and tree disk covering:

A. the method for covering with ground sheeting: mulch selects black film or silver grey film or anti-meadow cloth or water suction flannelette；It is only stayed when covering with ground sheeting Small part Naked dew does not cover around trunk；It is taken out after expanding to tree crown within covering with ground sheeting 2~3 years；

B. it sets the method for disk covering: the tree disk under tree crown should be carried out to litter covering, litter with a thickness of 10~20cm, it is new every year Increase covering；

(5) it the method for water management: excavates tap drain and is not less than 60 × 60cm, gutter is not less than 40 × 40cm, and compartment ditch is not less than 20 ×20cm；

S6, bearing-age tree management:

(1) fertilizing method:

A. in halcyon days, dressing furrow, 15~40cm of ditch depth the fertilizing method of base manure: are excavated in plant tree crown drip；Every plant Decomposed manure l0~20kg, 0.5~1.0kg of compound fertilizer, green manure weeds 0.5kg are applied, by lime 0.5kg, 0.1~2kg of boron, zinc 0.2~0.25kg, 0.15~0.23kg of magnesium apply every plant of earthing after mixing；

B. it the fertilizing method of spring tip fertilizer: applies within 10~15 days before rudiment, every plant is applied cake fertilizer liquid dung 10~30kg of fertilizer, complex equilibrium 0.3~0.5kg of type compound fertilizer is drenched by fertigation mode to be applied；

C. thank to the fertilizing method of flower and fruit fertilizer: thank spend 70% to thank spend it is latter week in apply, for strain produce 25kg every plant of fruit tree Shi Gaojia type 0.2~0.3kg of compound fertilizer；

D. strengthen the fertilizing method that fruit attacks autumn growth fertilizer: 20 days before putting the tip, strong fruit attacks autumn growth fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, and every plant is applied cake fertilizer 1.5~3kg, decomposed manure l0~15kg, 0.2~0.5kg of urea, 1~2kg of compound fertilizer ditch along tree crown drip and apply And it covers；

E. it imposes the fertilizing method of fruit-promoting fertilizer: after autumn growth pumping, drought resisting being combined every month to apply 1~2 liquid manure, liquid manure is high potassium type Water soluble fertilizer；

(2) method of healthy and strong autumn growth is cultivated:

A. the autumn growth phase is put surely: starting to put autumn growth around the beginning of autumn, puts the tip time in mid-August to early September；

B. it puts the method applied fertilizer before autumn growth: applying fertilizer within 15~20 days before putting autumn growth, if per plant amount 50kg, every plant is applied high nitrogen 1.0kg, high potassium 1.0kg, low-phosphorous compound fertilizer 1.0kg；If the tree that tree vigo(u)r is weak or result is excessive is affixed by 0.1~0.15kg of urea；

C. put the method for autumn growth trimming and fruit thinning: the apex part of the weak branch of cutting back and old branch, clip stay vigorous branches to strengthen bud；Clip Rugosity 0.5cm, when cutting back, leave 10cm stakes, about stay cutting back at 6 leaves；Intensive crossing branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch are cut off； For the bearing-age tree more than fruiting amount, be thinning out the fruitlet of top section fruit, lower part, in conjunction with fruit thinning, cutting back lack leaf bearing basal shoot and Fruit drop branch；The dense bearing-age tree of branch is lacked for fruiting amount, the sturdy spring tip or summer shoot of tree crown periphery are trimmed, is led to It crosses bud picking realization and puts autumn growth, the bud for fragmentary pumping of erasing early period, when the bud of 70% branch on the plant in full garden 70% is sprouted, then Stop bud picking, uniformly puts autumn growth；

D. put the method for selecting the tip to stay the tip after autumn growth: after trimming and fertilising, young sprout is sprouted within 10~12 days, when branch is extended to 5 Carry out when~6cm and selects the tip and stay the tip；The method for staying the tip is to stay 3 on tree crown top, in tree crown, lower part stay 2~3, vigorous branches stays 3 Item, weak branch stay 1~2；The branch branch of excessive growth easy to form that other positions of tree crown are sprouted, in addition to giving over to fill vacancy individually, remaining It extracts；

(3) promote flower technology:

A. paclobutrazol promotees flower: annual flower bud differentiation period, i.e. mid-November to late December, the multiple-effect for the use of mass concentration being 25% Azoles dilutes 300~400 times with solvent, squirts blade face, sprays 1~2 time；

B. girdling promotees flower: over growth or flower over the years measure few tree, carry out girdling in mid or late December view weather condition；I.e. in master Branch or secondary major branch or branch part ring-type cut a knife, are advisable with cutting off cortex without hurting xylem；

(4) fruit retention technology:

A. foliage top dressing: to spring tip bud stage before blooming, foliar fertilizer is sprayed；The weight ratio of the foliar fertilizer is 20~35% boron fertilizers, 8~12% magnesium sulfate, 2~5% amino acid, 3~7% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, remaining is water, is sprayed 2 times, primary every spray in 12~15 days；

B. drug fruit retention: thank spend 2/3 when spray gibberellic acid or gibberellic acid and brassin lactones, boron fertilizer mixed liquor, described is mixed Closing liquid is that the gibberellic acid crystal powder 1g that mass concentration is 5% is watered 50~75kg or mass concentration is that 3% gibberellic acid 250ml is watered The brassin lactones that 200kg+ mass concentration is 0.01% dilute the boron fertilizer dilution that 3000~4500 times of liquid+mass concentrations are 98% 1500~2200 times of resulting mixed liquors of liquid spray primary again after 20~30 days；

C. girdling: thanking to the Hua Houzhi spring tip aging period, and when physiological fallen fruit to ideal fruit amount, selection cloudy day or fine day are in trunk Or one knife of girdling on major branch, cut off bast；

D. the tip and bud picking fruit retention are dredged: suitably pruning the excessively prosperous spring tip of tree crown apical growth off；

E. fruit thinning: carrying out after second of physiological fallen fruit to before putting autumn growth for 15 days, dredge go weak branch fruit, string-like fruit, basidixed fruit, It day burns fruit, pest and disease damage fruit, malformed fruit, too small or excessive fruit, keeps fruit to be evenly distributed, leaf-fruit ratio is (30~40): 1；

F. anti-sunscald: the tip is put after late June fruit covered with blade or is faced south after mid-July and fruit paster or whitewash processing；

G. phylactocarp: entering July, and for part fruit-setting rate height, the tree-like culture of trunk is undesirable, the fruiting long shoot easily sagging fruit to mop floor Garden needs to carry out successively support fruit and the phylactocarp of fruit is dragged to work；It is tied up using central upright bar type or surrounding intersecting parallels, and in conjunction with rope It ties up, fruit is dragged using plastic wire complete stool net shield.

2. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that plant shelter-forest in field periphery.

3. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that if outdoor bare-root seeding when field planting, Whole young plant to be impregnated 3~5 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1%, taking-up dries in the air 3~it is rushed again with clear water after five minutes It washes primary, then the root system of fertile mandarin orange seedling is immersed in etc. 8~10 in the root-inducing powder, nucleotide, thiophanate-methyl mixed liquor of quality Hour, it takes out and mixes yellow mud with this solution after seedling, slurry root can take away field planting.

4. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that use both feet after training a small amount of soil when field planting It treads and helps directly, graft union exposes soil 5~10cm of face, and ridging forms a 10~15cm high, and diameter is 50~60cm or so width, The hill of bowl shape.

5. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step S6 further include make between treelet, Inter-row green covering covering or covering with ground sheeting, tree disk covering.

6. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step S5 further includes that d. is carried out every year Expand the method improved the soil of cave: outside tree crown drip, and then the outer rim of original improve the soil cave or ditch carries out out cave or trench, cave or The depth of ditch is 50~80cm, and width is 0.5~1m, is advisable with seeing root system；Annual rotation is improved the soil position, year by year by stages into Row carries out in the one or both sides of plant, and completes full garden before high yield and improve the soil；The soil amelioration material is wrapped by ratio of weight and the number of copies Include: 20 parts of crude fibre organic matters, 70 parts of decomposed manure of livestock and poultry, 10 parts of bran fertilizer apply 20~30kg of soil amelioration material by every plant of layering, Soil amelioration material is divided into 2~3 layers, every layer plus appropriate lime, 0.5~1kg of calcium superphosphate is added in top layer.

7. fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tip phase in the step c in step S5 Arrangement of time: the 1st year after field planting, stay 5 tips every year within the 2nd year, put the tip time: the spring tip 2 months, summer shoot the first tenday period of a month in May, the 2nd summer The tip is by the end of May to early June, autumn growth mid-August, by the end of September to early October；Young age bearing-age tree stays 3 tips within 3rd year, puts the tip time: The spring tip 2 months, summer shoot late June to early July, autumn growth late August to September early and middle ten days.