CN104871910A - Cultivation method of orange in Karst rock-desertification areas - Google Patents
Cultivation method of orange in Karst rock-desertification areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871910A CN104871910A CN201510308089.2A CN201510308089A CN104871910A CN 104871910 A CN104871910 A CN 104871910A CN 201510308089 A CN201510308089 A CN 201510308089A CN 104871910 A CN104871910 A CN 104871910A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of orange in Karst rock-desertification areas. The method includes the steps of land preparation, field planting, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, field management and pest control. Continuous expansion of the rock-desertification areas is prevented effectively, meanwhile the planted orange has the advantages of high quality, high yield and the like, and great economic and social benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic plants, particularly the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region citrus fruit.
Background technology
The a lot of provinces, cities and autonomous regions of south China, as there is a lot of Karst hill area on the ground such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi.The feature in Karst hill area is that the water with corrosion power carries out the general name that corrosion etc. acts on earth's surface and the underground form formed, also known as karst features to solublerock.Except corrosion, also comprise the erosion of flowing water, erosion of diving, and the mechanical erosion process such as to collapse.Before centuries, the Karst hill area rainfall of south China is abundant, have abundant water resources, virgin forest coverage rate is high, aboundresources, beautiful scenery, but along with the growth of entrance, the mankind are in Karst hill area Fast Activities, just cause the destruction of mountain areas forest, the Karst Desertification of current Southwestern China karst has been current global the most serious one of environment and socioeconomic problem, when we are having a taste of karst stone forests in different poses and with different expressions and stone forest wonder, after the superb craftsmanship of admiration the Nature, hardly realize that Karst Rocky Desertification engulfs our home just gradually, threaten our production and life.Under the fragile ecological environment of karst, because locals is to the unreasonable exploitation of land resources, cause vegetation deterioration, water and soil loss, land capability decline or lose, rock is exposed gradually, and earth's surface presents similar desertscape.At present, the Rocky desertification hazard of China nearly more than 70% is mainly distributed in southern 8 provinces (district, city) such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangdong centered by Guizhou Plateau, stony desertification area reaches 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, annual land area of approximately engulfing 1856 square kilometres, overall in aggravation trend.
For intensity Rocky Desertification Region, due to the relation numerous imbalances of human and environment, the mankind lack basic life condition, therefore the ecology strategy based on clear-cutting forestland is mainly taked to the improvement of stony desertification, except planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration, the measure such as take to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation progressively recovers vegetation, and the eco-tour of reasonable development karst.For moderate Rocky Desertification Region, mainly take to administer into main ecology strategy, by conceding the land to forestry, developing, the measures such as farm forestry are actively administered.For slight Rocky Desertification Region; mainly taking to administer is ecology strategy that is main, that strengthen prevention; carry out the Comprehensive ecological control of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy; strengthen farmland capital construction, rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction; protect existing soil and vegetation cover, prevent new stony desertification soil.
Carrying out studying becoming focus gradually for Karst Rocky Desertification Development in Mountain Region long-term cropping, as authorized publication number being: the invention of CN102907249B: the cultivation method of the mulberry tree in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, adopt " Gui Sang excellent 62 " mulberry tree breed as stock, " No. 10, farming and sericulture " mulberry tree breed is as scion, cultivation method comprises wholely, nursery and grafting, seedling treatment, plantation, pruner cuts down, field management, the steps such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, the mulberry tree breed of the present invention's cultivation has well developed root system, water moisture self restraint, tree-like larger, branch is many, joint shape is given prominence to, accessory bud is many greatly, leaf oblong, dark green leaf color, blade face is flat and smooth, gloss is stronger, mesophyll is thick, for the high-quality mulberry leaf of breeding silkworms, can also as cowboying, the excellent food of sheep raising, to Karst hill area Revegetation of Eco-environment and increasing income to mass peasants.
On this basis, inventor tests various crop again, find the extra earning that not only can realize economic benefit Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting citrus fruit, the continuation that can also improve severe ecotope worsens, to Karst Rocky Desertification mountain soil, there is water-retaining effect, reduce the effect of water and soil loss.But under Karst Rocky Desertification condition, plant oranges and tangerines, how to overcome moisture and lack, the problems such as soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, meanwhile, select which kind of kind plantation to be also the problem needing to need further to solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method being suitable for Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region citrus fruit, not only can water-retaining effect, check winds and fix drifting sand, objective economic benefit can be created Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting citrus fruit, for peasant increases production extra earning, walk Sustainable Development Road and foundation is provided.
The cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region of the present invention citrus fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) select kind: sugar orange, has another name called: October tangerine.Originate in Huaiji, Guangning, four can a band.Originate from yellow granulated sugar village, Tian Town of Sihui City at first, granulated sugar tangerine of thus gaining the name.Sugar orange fruit is oblate, and strumae is arranged at top, base of a fruit navel concave end, and color and luster is orange, and fruit wall is thin, easily peels off.Sugar orange especially with four can yellow Tian Towns produce for it is delicious and extremely sweet, without slag, delicate mouthfeel, reality is good merchantable brand.It contains abundant vitamin C, calcium, cellulosic, a small amount of protein, fat and abundant glucose, fructose, sucrose, malic acid, citric acid, citric acid and carotin, thiamine, vitamin b3, niacin, ascorbic acid, and the element of the needed by human such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, the sweet acid of granulated sugar tangerine taste, cold in nature, there is regulating qi-flowing for eliminating phlegm, moistening lung gut purge, effects such as invigorating the spleen of enriching blood.
(2) wholely: under dry land condition, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 60-80cm.
(3) field planting: dig cave field planting according to spacing in the rows 4.2m × 6.0m, 420-520 strain/hectare specification, every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 90cm deeply; The citrus shoot root portion band soil cultivated is processed 30 minutes in normal root water, naturally dries rear for subsequent use.
(4) rich water quality management: use sufficient fertilizer before field planting in the hole, cave dug, and use 200-300 gram of water-loss reducer and 1-2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Citrus topdresses and payes attention to tip fertilizer, uses compound organic and inorganic fertilizer continuously in the vegetative period of the tip; Timely irrigation, keeps ground moistening.
(5) pruning: select natural open centre shape tree-like, prune in spring and each vegetative period, mainly wipes out upright bough, water sprout, fruit drop branch, sick branch, upset branch, the branch that intersects, cultivates excellent vigorous branches, promote reproductive growth.Mainly carrying out before rudiment as pruned in spring, adjusting tree-like, be mainly control spring tip pumping excessively prosperous, reduce fruit drop in florescence pruning, summer pruning is mainly cultivates healthy and strong branch, upgrade bough, and autumn, pruning is mainly promotion flower bud differentiation.
(6) field management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: be the control to yellow twig, canker, shot hole, anthracnose, leaf miner, nematode, blister mite and scale insect.Be more than the regular incidence insect pest of citrus fruit, protection and curative fungicide agent can be selected to prevent and treat disease, select to tag to insect and carry out prevention and control with interior absorption medicament.
Normal root water formula during described field planting is as follows: 2% metalaxyl+5% is disliked mould spirit+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.5%DA-6+25% humic acid potassium+2% film forming agent+15% methyl alcohol+water and mended to 100%.
Described fertilizer is the mixture of chicken powder and filter mud of sugarcane of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the two mixes by 1:1; Described water-loss reducer is one or more of polyacrylamide, Sodium Polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate.
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is containing inorganic fertilizer percentage by weight 40-44%, wherein N>=16%, P
2o
5>=8%, K
2o>=16%; Organic percentage by weight>=15%.
The weight percentage that described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide diazinon and Diacloden is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, and N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) citrus fruit kind " Citrus shatangju " is introduced a fine variety in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region and is planted experimentally successfully by the present invention first, enrich the kind of Karst Rocky Desertification long-term cropping, and the extra earning that the plantation of oranges and tangerines is successfully local peasant household creates theoretical and actual foundation, significant to the geographical environment and social environment improving Rocky Desertification Region.
(2) external manifestation that citrus fruit has well developed root system, preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, branch is luxuriant, trunk is thick directly, bud is many of the inventive method cultivation, simultaneously, the citrus fruit produced is large neat, sell lover, color and luster is shinny, delicious meat, vegetative period are long, same oranges and tangerines exceed a grade relative to the variety and quality of general planting, substantially increase economic benefit.
(3) cultivation method of the present invention adopts advanced farming and the fertilizer technologies such as powder ridge, compound pesticide fertilizer, cane molasses fertilizer, not only effectively improve the soil property environment in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly, and the fertile one of medicine, the fertile economic benefits and social benefits of medicine, while guarantee nutrition, also serve good insecticidal effect, under the condition of stony desertification traffic of mountain area inconvenience, significantly reduce the cost of labor of plantation citrus fruit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region of the present invention citrus fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) kind is selected: select Citrus shatangju as plantation citrus variety.
(2) wholely: under dry land condition, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 60-80cm.
(3) field planting: according to spacing in the rows 4.2m × 6.0m, 500 strains/hectare specification digs cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 90cm deeply; The citrus shoot root portion band soil cultivated is processed 30 minutes in normal root water, naturally dries rear for subsequent use.
(4) rich water quality management: use sufficient fertilizer before field planting in the hole, cave dug, and use 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Citrus topdresses and payes attention to tip fertilizer, uses compound organic and inorganic fertilizer continuously in the vegetative period of the tip; Timely irrigation, keeps ground moistening.
(5) pruning: select natural open centre shape tree-like, prune in spring and each vegetative period, mainly wipes out upright bough, water sprout, fruit drop branch, sick branch, upset branch, the branch that intersects, cultivates excellent vigorous branches, promote reproductive growth.Mainly carrying out before rudiment as pruned in spring, adjusting tree-like, be mainly control spring tip pumping excessively prosperous, reduce fruit drop in florescence pruning, summer pruning is mainly cultivates healthy and strong branch, upgrade bough, and autumn, pruning is mainly promotion flower bud differentiation.
(6) field management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: be the control to yellow twig, canker, shot hole, anthracnose, leaf miner, nematode, blister mite and scale insect.Be more than the regular incidence insect pest of citrus fruit, protection and curative fungicide agent can be selected to prevent and treat soldier's evil, select to tag to insect and carry out prevention and control with interior absorption medicament.
Normal root water formula during described field planting is as follows: 2% metalaxyl+5% is disliked mould spirit+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.5%DA-6+25% humic acid potassium+2% film forming agent+15% methyl alcohol+water and mended to 100%.
Described fertilizer is the mixture of chicken powder and filter mud of sugarcane of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the two mixes by 1:1; Described water-loss reducer is one or more of polyacrylamide, Sodium Polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate.
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is containing inorganic fertilizer 40-44%, wherein N>=16%, P
2o
5>=8%, K
2o>=16%; Organic>=15%.
Described compound pesticide fertilizer is the composite fertilizer containing insecticide diazinon 0.1%, Diacloden 0.5%, and N-P-K content is 20:5:20.The production method of compound pesticide fertilizer is: by diazinon and Diacloden dissolution with solvents, for subsequent use; Producing N-P-K content is the composite fertilizer of 20:5:20; Insecticide solution be evenly sprayed onto in composite fertilizer in coating machine and get final product.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest scheme:
At " Citrus shatangju " of Karst Rocky Desertification growing on hill-side, there is quality better, advantage that output is high by technique scheme, average yield per mu 1.4 ten thousand jin, good harvest is created to local peasant household, simultaneously, through 3 years planting experimentally and promoting, local Karst Mountains Desertification Area effectively shortens the process continuing to worsen, the suitable regional large-scale promotion at home with conditions of similarity.
Claims (6)
1. Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region citrus fruit a cultivation method, it is characterized in that: institute cultivate citrus fruit kind be " Citrus shatangju ", cultivation method comprises wholely, field planting, rich water quality management, pruning, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest step;
Describedly be: under dry land condition that use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 60-80cm wholely;
Described field planting is: dig cave field planting according to spacing in the rows 4.2m × 6.0m, 420-520 strain/hectare specification, and every cave length and width are 90cm × 90cm × 90cm deeply; The citrus shoot root portion band soil cultivated is processed 30 minutes in normal root water, naturally dries rear for subsequent use;
Described rich water quality management is: in the hole, cave dug, use sufficient fertilizer before field planting, and use 200-300 gram of water-loss reducer and 1-2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Citrus topdresses and payes attention to tip fertilizer, uses compound organic and inorganic fertilizer continuously in the vegetative period of the tip; Timely irrigation, keeps ground moistening;
Described field management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, and protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
2. the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 citrus fruit, is characterized in that: the described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to yellow twig, canker, shot hole, anthracnose, leaf miner, nematode, blister mite and scale insect.
3. the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 citrus fruit, is characterized in that: normal root water formula during described field planting is as follows: 2% metalaxyl+5% is disliked mould spirit+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.5%DA-6+25% humic acid potassium+2% film forming agent+15% methyl alcohol+water and mended to 100%.
4. the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 citrus fruit, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is the mixture of chicken powder and filter mud of sugarcane of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the two mixes by 1:1; Described water-loss reducer is one or more of polyacrylamide, Sodium Polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate.
5. the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 citrus fruit, is characterized in that: described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is containing inorganic fertilizer percentage by weight 40-44%, wherein N>=16%, P
2o
5>=8%, K
2o>=16%; Organic percentage by weight>=15%.
6. the cultivation method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 citrus fruit, it is characterized in that: the weight percentage that described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide diazinon and Diacloden is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105918061A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 象州县科学技术局 | Cultivation method of lemon trees with high yield |
CN105941050A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-21 | 象州县科学技术局 | High-yield cultivation method of murcott |
CN105993476A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 象州县科学技术局 | Cultivation method for skiranui tangerine in mountainous region |
CN106538216A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-29 | 邱逸奎 | Stony desertification comprehensive control area tree-planting method |
CN106577097A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-04-26 | 陈勇 | Citrus planting method |
CN108450225A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A method of improving karst indigenous tree habitat |
CN110150014A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method |
CN111727793A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-10-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Stereoscopic cultivation method for crude drug tsaoko in karst mountain land |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105993476A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 象州县科学技术局 | Cultivation method for skiranui tangerine in mountainous region |
CN105918061A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 象州县科学技术局 | Cultivation method of lemon trees with high yield |
CN105941050A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-21 | 象州县科学技术局 | High-yield cultivation method of murcott |
CN106577097A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-04-26 | 陈勇 | Citrus planting method |
CN106538216A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-29 | 邱逸奎 | Stony desertification comprehensive control area tree-planting method |
CN108450225A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A method of improving karst indigenous tree habitat |
CN110150014A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of fertile mandarin orange industrialized planting method |
CN111727793A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-10-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Stereoscopic cultivation method for crude drug tsaoko in karst mountain land |
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