CN106688760A - Cultivation method for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in rock-desertification mountainous area - Google Patents
Cultivation method for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in rock-desertification mountainous area Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for economic crops, and discloses a cultivation method for Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in a rock-desertification mountainous area. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, field planting, nutrient and water management, shaping and pruning, field management, pest and disease control, etc. The cultivation method provided by the invention can green barren mountains, retain water and soil and improve the environment; and meanwhile, planting of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. in the conservation rock-desertification mountainous area can also create economic benefits, increases production and creates income for farmers, and provides the basis for taking the road of sustainable development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of industrial crops, the particularly cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region Taiwan green jujube.
Background technology
Taiwan green jujube scientific name Rabdosia japonica (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam), original claims indian jujube, is commonly called as blue or green jujube or Chinese date,
Belong to Rhamnaceae zizyphus, originate in the south such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, the Taiwan in Southeast Asia, Africa and Oceania and China
Portion provinces and regions, are the torrid zone, subtropical zone dungarunga, have the advantages that fast-growing, precocity, high yield, nutrition are delicious.
Taiwan green jujube is one kind of blue or green jujube, with fruit it is big, core is thin, meat is crisp fresh and sweet the characteristics of, per mu yield is at 1000-1500 kilograms.Typically
50-100 grams of single fruit weight, sugariness 10-20 degree, crude protein is 2.63% in Taiwan green jujube, and crude fat is 1.25%, crude fibre
It is 1.08%, in the amino acid of 15 for containing kind, there are 6 kinds for essential amino acid.Additionally containing abundant Ca, Mg, Fe,
The nutriment such as Mg, Cu, Mn and VC, VB1, VB2, carrotene and flavonoids, the wherein content of Fe reach 6.56mg/100g,
Vc contents reach 280mg/100g, and flavonoid content reaches 392mg/100g.Taiwan green jujube growth is rapid, yielding ability is good.
The fruit seedling of field planting before and after clear and bright, being bloomed to the part of August then can grow to 0.5-2 meters of tree crown wide, can bear fruit on a small quantity then;Educate
Seedling grafting can be in annual March or August part, the ripe blue or green jujube core seedling of Root-stock selection or native jujube, using bud grafting method survival rate compared with
Height, then can transplant planting after grafting.The vegetative growth phase of blue or green jujube starts at 3-8 months, florescence in 7-9 months, December
There is mellow fruit to list, due to kind maturity period difference, still there is fresh fruit to list to April next year.
The many provinces, cities and autonomous regions of south China, such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, there are to Jiangxi many Karst hills
Area.The characteristics of Karst hill area is that the water with corrosion power carries out the formed earth's surface of the effect such as corrosion to solublerock
With the general name of underground form, also known as karst features.In addition to corrosion, the also erosion including flowing water, latent erosion, and collapse
Deng mechanical erosion process.Before centuries, the Karst hill area abundant rainfall of south China is had abundant water resources, and virgin forest covers
Lid rate is high, aboundresources, beautiful scenery, but with the growth of entrance, the mankind just draw in Karst hill area Fast Activities
The destruction of mountain areas forest is played, the Karst Desertification of current Southwestern China karst has been current whole world most serious
One of environment and socioeconomic problem, when we are having a taste of karst stone forests in different poses and with different expressions and stone forest wonder, admiration the Nature
After superb craftsmanship, hardly realize that Karst Rocky Desertification just swallows our home gradually, threaten our production and life.
Under the fragile ecological environment of karst, the unreasonable exploitation due to locals to land resource causes vegetation deterioration, water
Soil is lost in, Land capability fails or loses, and rock is gradually exposed, and earth's surface is presented similar desertscape.At present, China is near
More than 70% Rocky desertification hazard be mainly distributed on Guizhou centered on Guizhou Plateau, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing,
Sichuan, Guangdong etc. southern 8 province (area, city), stony desertification area about swallow 1856 squares every year up to 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres
The land area of kilometer, overall is in aggravation trend.
For intensity Rocky Desertification Region, due to the relation numerous imbalances of human and environment, the mankind lack basic life condition, therefore
To the main ecology strategy taken based on clear-cutting forestland of improvement of stony desertification, except it is planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration,
The measure such as close hillsides to facilitate afforestation is taken progressively to recover vegetation, and reasonable development karst eco-tour.It is main for moderate Rocky Desertification Region
The ecology strategy based on improvement is taken, is actively administered by conceding the land to forestry, developing the measures such as farm forestry.For slight stone
Desertization area, mainly takes based on administering, strengthens the ecology strategy of prevention, carries out the ecology synthesis of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy
Preventing and treating, strengthens farmland capital construction, rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction, protects existing soil and woods grass is planted
Quilt, prevents new stony desertification soil.
Research is carried out for Karst Rocky Desertification Development in Mountain Region long-term cropping and be increasingly becoming focus, such as authorize open CN102907249B
Invention:The cultural method of the mulberry tree in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, using " the excellent 62 " mulberry tree breeds of Gui Sang are used as stock;" agriculture
Mulberry No. 10 " mulberry tree breed includes site preparation, nursery and grafting, seedling treatment, plantation, pruner as scion, cultural method
Cut down, field management, the step such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the mulberry tree breed of present invention cultivation has well developed root system, and water moisture self restraint is tree-like
Larger, branch is more, and section shape is protruded, and accessory bud is big and more, leaf oblong, dark green leaf color, and blade face is flat and smooth, gloss is stronger,
Mesophyll is thick, is the high-quality mulberry leaf bred silkworms, and is also used as the excellent food of cowboying, sheep raising, and life is recovered to Karst hill area
State environment and give mass peasants increase income.
On this basis, inventor is tested various crop again, is found in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting platform
Gulf green grass or young crops jujube can not only realize the extra earning of economic benefit, and the continuation that can also improve severe ecological environment deteriorates, to karst stony desert
Changing mountain soil has water-retaining effect, reduces the effect of soil erosion.Taiwan green jujube strong adaptability, China Taiwan, Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan etc. save and can plant, and Taiwan green jujube is not strict to soil requirement, on sandy soil, loam, husky earth, micro- acid
Property soil can plant, and drought-enduring, heat-resisting, the resistance to lean, fine tree species that are planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, improve environment.But
Taiwan green jujube is planted under the conditions of Karst Rocky Desertification, how to overcome moisture to lack, soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability
The problems such as, meanwhile, it is also the problem for needing to need further exist for solving to select which kind of kind plantation.
The content of the invention
The purpose of invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region Taiwan green jujube, not only can be with planting trees on barren hills, guarantor
Water holding soil, improvement environment;Economic benefit can also be created in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting Taiwan green jujube, is peasant's volume increase wound
Receive, walk Sustainable Development Road and foundation is provided.
The cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region of the invention Taiwan green jujube is comprised the following steps:
(1) kind is selected:" high bright No. one " also known as 50 sons, 5,000 kinds, be the Taiwan seed selection from indian jujube colony in more than 20 years
The new varieties for going out, it has following biological characteristics:" high bright No. 1 " is a kind of fast-growing dungarunga, thick raw fast long, adaptability
By force, it is colonized then and bears fruit then, height of tree 2m or so, tree vigo(u)r is prosperous by force, and germination rate is higher, stronger into principal stresses, with when branching out
The characteristics of side result of blooming.Branch is sturdy, more long, and shoot is reddish brown, and aging branch and trunk are in dark brown, and scolus is more short and small;
Leaf is avette, and 9-10cm long, tip is sharp, and base portion circle, master pulse is protruded, and blade face is dark green glossy, and blade back is by short down.Fruit is big,
Fruit is in oval, and pulp white, core is thin, fine and tender taste, sharp and clear, and taste is fresh and sweet, in good taste, storage tolerance, soluble solid
Thing 11%~13%, 80~100 grams of general single fruit weight is maximum up to 150 grams, mildew-resistance, insect pest." high bright No. one "
Androgyny, based on worm pollination, without configuration pollinizers.
" green cloud " kind is bred as at the initial stage eighties in Taiwan, and there is larger cultivated area in Taiwan, and fruit long avette is heavy 60-80 grams,
Skin is relatively thin, and light green color, meat is delicate, Chinese olive slightly astringent taste, crisp sweet after maturation, is 13-15 degree containing pol, and the maturity period is 11
Month last ten-days period to next year late March, as pollinizers.
(2) site preparation:Under the conditions of dry land, using powder ridge machine powdery ridge site preparation, tilth is 60~80cm;Furrow face should flatten it is whole thin,
Furrow face is squirted with water;
(3) it is colonized:According to spacing in the rows 4m × 4m, 50~60 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, are 70cm × 70cm × 60cm per cave length and width depth;
After accomplishing fluently cave, soil is colonized back after two weeks of being exposed to the sun again;After field planting, straw or film on blue or green jujube tree disk cover;
(4) rich water quality management:Organic fertilizer is used sufficient in the cave hole dug before field planting, and it is multiple using 200~300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1~2kg
Mixed medicine fertilizer;Topdress 3~4 times every year, use compound organic and inorganic fertilizer;Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated;In blue or green jujube tree
To shedding withholding period after just spending, a foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 15~20 days, even spray 3~4 times;
(5) pruning:Every plant of blue or green jujube tree stays the first order branch 2~3 of different directions to make trunk branch, high by 60~80 from the ground
Centimetre, remaining whole is wiped out, and during young sprout germination and growth, timely bud thinning sparse branching stays 1~2 on every trunk branch, and new branch is long
To pinching at 80~100 centimetres, stay trunk branch it is long 60~8 centimetres, and dredge remove bottom branch, stay the side shoot conduct of 2~3, top
Nutrition branch;
(6) field management:Control shoot grows, and flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer, florescence supplement boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting in time;To malformed fruit, disease fruit
Disease spends pruning in time;It was found that have being short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will strengthen management;
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be to downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphid, leaf folder, caterpillar, moth fruitworm preventing and treating;To downy mildew and
The preventing and treating of powdery mildew, can be sprayed using 500 times of lime sulfur or 50% sulphur colloidal suspension agent, be sprayed 1 time every 7~10d, even spray 2~
It is 3 times, so not only efficiently but also practical, can use manpower and material resources sparingly, reach the effect got twice the result with half the effort.To aphid, leaf folder, mao mao
Worm, the preventing and treating of moth fruitworm, using botanical insect-proof agent, the material composition and parts by weight of botanical insect-proof agent are:Granatum 20~30
Part, 15~20 parts of turmeric, 15~20 parts of rhizoma nardostachyos, 15~20 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 1-2 parts of fruit of washing one's hands soak, application method
It is to smash above-mentioned material, plus 5~10 times of water, boil half an hour, takes filtrate sprinkling.
Above-described organic fertilizer is after being well mixed saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fermentation inoculum, general calcium, to add water and stir,
Mother liquor is converted into, then to adding animal crushed bone meal, Pond Silt, rice straw powder to stirring to soak in mother liquor, is fermented 15~20 days,
Obtain final product.
Above-described water-loss reducer includes the raw material of following weight portion:20~25 parts of humic acid, 10~15 parts of polyacrylamide,
10~15 parts of carboxymethylcellulose calcium, 10~15 parts of montmorillonite, 2~4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The above compound organic and inorganic fertilizer percentage by weight containing inorganic fertilizer is 40-44%, wherein N >=16%, P2O5 >=8%, K2O >=16%;
Organic matter percentage by weight >=15%.
Above-described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide killing chrysanthemum ester and MTI-446 percentage by weight is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium weight ratio is 20: 5: 20.
Above-described foliar fertilizer contains the fresh weight portion of sisal hemp waste water 85~90, micro- 0.5~1.0 weight portion, organic acid
5~10 weight portions, the weight portion of molasses concentrate 2~4 and the weight portion of surfactant 0.1~0.5;Foliar fertilizer is added water dilute
Release to 200 times and spray.
Beneficial effect:
1st, Taiwan green jujube kind is introduced a fine variety and planted experimentally successfully by the present invention in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region first, Taiwan green jujube kind " Gao Lang
No. 1 " Taiwan is originated in, the Introduced Cultivars to Karst Rocky Desertification Mountain area are planted, enrich Karst Rocky Desertification kind
The species of plant, and the plantation of Taiwan green jujube is successfully local farmers volume increase extra earning, the geographical environment to improving Rocky Desertification Region
It is significant with social environment.
2nd, the Taiwan green jujube of the inventive method plantation have that well developed root system, retain water and nutrients ability are strong, branch is luxuriant, the thick straight, bud of trunk
Many external manifestations, meanwhile, the Taiwan green jujube pericarp of production is bud green, pulp white, taste is fresh and sweet succulence, and fruit shape is graceful, is rich in
Multivitamin and trace element;Same " high bright No. 1 " Taiwan green jujube is higher by one relative to the variety and quality of general planting
Grade, substantially increases economic benefit.
3rd, cultural method of the present invention is using advanced farming, fertilizer and deinsectization such as powdery ridge, compound pesticide fertilizer, organic fertilizer, harmless botanical insect-proof agents
Evil technology, is not only effectively improved the soil property environment in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region so that soil with organic matter content is greatly increased, and
And medicine fertilizer one, medicine fertilizer economic benefits and social benefits, while nutrition is ensured, preferable insecticidal effect is also acted, in stony desertification traffic of mountain area
The cost of labor of the blue or green jujube of plantation is significantly reduced under conditions of inconvenience.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) kind is selected:Taiwan green jujube kind is " high bright No. 1 ", and " green cloud " kind is used as pollinizers.
(2) site preparation:Under the conditions of dry land, using powder ridge machine powdery ridge site preparation, tilth is 60~80cm;Furrow face should be whole
It is smooth thin, squirt furrow face with water.
(3) it is colonized:According to spacing in the rows 4m × 4m, 50~60 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, are 70cm × 70cm × 60cm per cave length and width depth:
After accomplishing fluently cave, soil is colonized back after two weeks of being exposed to the sun again;After field planting, straw or film on blue or green jujube tree disk cover;
(4) rich water quality management:Organic fertilizer is used sufficient in the cave hole dug before field planting, and it is multiple using 200~300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1~2kg
Mixed medicine fertilizer;Topdress 3~4 times every year, use compound organic and inorganic fertilizer;Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated;In blue or green jujube tree
To shedding withholding period after just spending, a foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 15~20 days, even spray 3~4 times.
(5) pruning:Every plant of blue or green jujube tree stays the first order branch 2~3 of different directions to make trunk branch, high by 60~80 from the ground
Centimetre, remaining whole is wiped out, and during young sprout germination and growth, timely bud thinning sparse branching stays 1~2 on every trunk branch, and new branch is long
To pinching at 80~100 centimetres, stay trunk branch it is long 60~8 centimetres, and dredge remove bottom branch, stay the side shoot conduct of 2~3, top
Nutrition branch.
(6) field management:Control shoot grows, and flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer, florescence supplement boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting in time;To malformed fruit, disease fruit
Disease spends pruning in time;It was found that have being short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will strengthen management.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be to downy mildew, powdery mildew, aphid, leaf folder, caterpillar, moth fruitworm preventing and treating;To downy mildew and
The preventing and treating of powdery mildew, can be sprayed using 500 times of lime sulfur or 50% sulphur colloidal suspension agent, be sprayed 1 time every 7~10d, even spray 2~
It is 3 times, so not only efficiently but also practical, can use manpower and material resources sparingly, reach the effect got twice the result with half the effort.To aphid, leaf folder, mao mao
Worm, the preventing and treating of moth fruitworm, using harmless botanical insect-proof agent, are diluted with water to harmless botanical insect-proof agent 50 times and spray.
The Taiwan green jujube of table 1 is in different bearing stage to powdery mildew and the prevention effect of insect pest
The dispenser phase | Spraying times | Diseased plant rate | Insect pest rate | Severity |
Young sprout germination period | 1 | 10.5% | 12.3% | Gently |
Growth period | 2 | 14.8% | 15.2% | Gently |
Initial bloom stage | 2 | 16.2% | 17.6% | Gently |
CK | 0 | 92.5% | 95.8% | Weight |
Note:There is severity and point do not occur in disease, slightly, gently, in, 5 grades again etc..
" high bright No. 1 " by above-mentioned technical proposal in Karst Rocky Desertification growing on hill-side has the advantages that quality better, yield are high,
1500 kilograms of average yield per mu, good harvest is created to local peasant household, meanwhile, planting experimentally and promoting by 5 years, local stony desertification
Mountain region effectively shortens the process for continuing to deteriorate, the regional large-scale promotion suitably at home with conditions of similarity.
Claims (5)
1. the cultural method of a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region Taiwan green jujube, it is characterised in that:The Taiwan green jujube kind cultivated is " high
Bright No. 1 ", selection " green cloud " kind configures pollinizers, cultural method as pollinizers according to the 10-20% of plantation total amount
The step of including site preparation, field planting, rich water quality management, pruning, field management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Described site preparation is:
Under the conditions of dry land, using powder ridge machine powdery ridge site preparation, tilth is 60~80cm;Furrow face should flatten whole thin, and furrow face is squirted with water;
Described field planting is:According to spacing in the rows 4m × 4m, 50~60 plants/acre of specifications dig caves field planting, be per cave length and width depth 70cm × 70cm ×
60cm;After accomplishing fluently cave, soil is colonized back after two weeks of being exposed to the sun again;After field planting, straw or film on blue or green jujube tree disk cover;Described
Rich water quality management is:Organic fertilizer is used sufficient in the cave hole dug before field planting, and uses 200~300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1~2kg compounds
Medicine fertilizer;Topdress 3~4 times every year, use compound organic and inorganic fertilizer;Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated;At the beginning of blue or green jujube tree
To shedding withholding period after spending, a foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 15~20 days, even spray 3~4 times;Described pruning is:Every plant
Blue or green jujube tree stays the first order branch 2~3 of different directions to make trunk branch, and high 60~80 centimetres from the ground, remaining whole is wiped out,
During young sprout germination and growth, timely bud thinning sparse branching stays 1~2 on every trunk branch, and new branch is long to pinching at 80~100 centimetres,
Stay trunk branch it is long 60~8 centimetres, and dredge remove bottom branch, stay 2~3, top side shoot as nutrition branch;Described field management
For:Control shoot grows, and flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer, florescence supplement boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting in time;Malformed fruit, disease fruit disease are spent and is repaiied in time
Cut;It was found that have being short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will strengthen management;The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to downy mildew, in vain
Powder disease, aphid, leaf folder, caterpillar, the preventing and treating of moth fruitworm.
2. the cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 Taiwan green jujube, it is characterised in that:Described guarantor
Aqua includes the raw material of following weight portion:20~25 parts of humic acid, 10~15 parts of polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose calcium 10~
15 parts, 10~15 parts of montmorillonite, 2~4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. the cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 Taiwan green jujube, it is characterised in that:It is described organic
Inorganic composite mixed fertilizer percentage by weight containing inorganic fertilizer is 40-44%, wherein N >=16%, P2O5 >=8%, K2O >=16%;Organic matter weight
Percentage >=15%.
4. the cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 Taiwan green jujube, it is characterised in that:Described answers
Mixed medicine fertilizer kills chrysanthemum ester containing insecticide and MTI-446 percentage by weight is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, and N P and K weight ratio is
20∶5∶20。
5. the cultural method of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 Taiwan green jujube, it is characterised in that:Described leaf
The material composition and parts by weight of leaven be:The fresh weight portion of sisal hemp waste water 85~90, micro- 0.5~1.0 weight portion, has
The weight portion of machine acid 5~10, the weight portion of molasses concentrate 2~4 and the weight portion of surfactant 0.1~0.5;By foliar fertilizer plus
Water is diluted to 200 times and sprays.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109328697A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
CN109362469A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-02-22 | 巫山县生产力促进中心(巫山县科学技术信息中心) | A kind of implantation methods of crisp Lee |
CN109673363A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of Zizyphus maurtiana net canopy and its implantation methods |
CN110024607A (en) * | 2019-04-20 | 2019-07-19 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | A kind of pruning method for promoting Taiwan green jujube to do sth. in advance to yield positive results |
CN113079958A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
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2015
- 2015-11-18 CN CN201510791711.XA patent/CN106688760A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109328697A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | A kind of oil tea implantation methods |
CN109362469A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-02-22 | 巫山县生产力促进中心(巫山县科学技术信息中心) | A kind of implantation methods of crisp Lee |
CN109673363A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of Zizyphus maurtiana net canopy and its implantation methods |
CN110024607A (en) * | 2019-04-20 | 2019-07-19 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | A kind of pruning method for promoting Taiwan green jujube to do sth. in advance to yield positive results |
CN113079958A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
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